Family violence in Canada: A statistical profile, 2010

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According to police-reported data, about 99,000 Canadians were victims of family violence in 2010. Of these, almost 50% were committed by their spouse.

An additional 17% were committed by a parent, 14% by an extended family member, 11% by a sibling and 9% by a child, usually a grown child.

Unlike other forms of violent crime, the risk of becoming a victim of family violence was more than twice as high for females as for males.

The main factor behind this increased risk was related to the higher representation of women as victims of spousal violence. In 2010, women aged 15 and older accounted for 81% of all victims of police-reported spousal violence.

Rate of family violence lowest in Ontario

Family violence rates at the provincial and territorial level generally followed the same pattern as overall crime. Ontario recorded the lowest rate of police-reported family violence in 2010, followed by Prince Edward Island. The territories, Saskatchewan and Manitoba reported the highest rates.

Rates of police-reported family violence were available for the first time for census metropolitan areas. In 2010, rates were highest in Saint John, Saskatoon and Kelowna. The lowest rates were all reported in Ontario: Ottawa, Peterborough, St. Catharines–Niagara, Kitchener–Cambridge–Waterloo and Guelph.

Dating violence more prevalent than spousal violence

In 2010, police reported approximately 48,700 victims of spousal violence.

Dating violence, while not included in a definition of family violence, is examined alongside spousal violence in the context of intimate partner violence. In 2010, police reported about 54,100 victims of dating violence aged 15 and over.

Including both spousal and dating violence, police reported almost 103,000 victims of intimate partner violence in 2010.

The rate per 100,000 population of dating violence was over 65% higher than the rate of spousal violence. This was the case for both men and women.

In 2010, there were 65 homicides committed by a spouse and 24 by a dating partner. The rate of intimate partner homicides has been dropping for the past 20 years. This decline was most pronounced for female victims.

According to results from the 2009 General Social Survey on Victimization, spousal victims of violent crime were more likely than other victims to report being first victimized as a child. This was true for both physical and sexual assault victims.

Increase in children witnessing spousal violence

In 2009, over half (52%) of spousal victims with children reported that their children heard or saw assaults on them in the previous five years. This was up from 43% in 2004, the last time the General Social Survey on Victimization was conducted.

Children were more likely to witness violence when the spousal victim was female. The likelihood of children witnessing violence was also heightened when the spousal victim was estranged from their partner.

Spousal assaults witnessed by children also tended to be more severe compared with assaults where children were not present. For example, spousal victims reporting the presence of children were more than twice as likely as other spousal victims to state they had been injured.

The involvement of police was nearly four times higher when children had witnessed spousal violence. Further, the use of social services was more than twice as high among spousal violence victims who reported that children had seen or heard the violence.