Average one-way commuting duration (in minutes), census metropolitan areas, 2016

Note: Cities and surrounding areas with 100,000 or more residents are known as census metropolitan areas or CMAs. CMAs are not equal in their size or their infrastructure. To establish some more comparability, six groupings are used in the charts and tables of this release.

• Largest CMAs are the three CMAs with the largest population (that is, Toronto, Montréal and Vancouver). They also have at least three types of public transit infrastructure (including bus and at least two of subway/elevated rail, street car/commuter train, and ferry).
• Large CMAs are the five next-largest CMAs, all with at least one type of public transit infrastructure.
• Greater Golden Horseshoe CMAs are eight CMAs in southern Ontario with public transit infrastructure and a moderate- to-strong commuting relationship with other nearby CMAs. These areas are part of Ontario’s “Greater Golden Horseshoe.”
• Mid-sized CMAs are six CMAs with a population between 225,000 and 500,000 and are not part of the three groups listed above.
• Small CMAs, commuting relationships with neighbours are four smaller CMAs with moderate commuting relationships with nearby communities.
• Other small CMAs are the remaining nine smallest CMAs.

Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Population, 2016.