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The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted our lives in many ways. In an attempt to better understand how COVID-19 has affected the health of Canadians, Statistics Canada, in partnership with Health Canada, the Public Health Agency of Canada and the COVID-19 Immunity Task Force, has created the Canadian COVID-19 Antibody and Health Survey (CCAHS). While this is a voluntary survey, your participation is important as your contribution will play an important part in understanding past infections by measuring the prevalence of COVID-19 antibodies amongst Canadians, including those who have never had symptoms.

What does participating in the CCAHS involve?

This unique survey will collect information in two parts.

1. The first part is an electronic questionnaire about general health, chronic conditions and symptoms, access to care and exposure to COVID-19. The questionnaire must be completed prior to moving on to the second part as it is necessary to collect your personal information so we can send the results to you, and to obtain your written consent to complete the second part.
2. The second part is an at-home finger-prick blood test which you will administer to yourself as soon as possible after completing the electronic questionnaire. You will then return the dried blood spot sample using the enclosed prepaid package. The lab will analyze the sample to determine the presence of COVID-19 antibodies.

How were you selected to participate in this survey?

You have been randomly selected to participate, which ensures that the data collected will be representative of the Canadian population.

Even if you do not think you have been exposed to COVID-19, your information will provide valuable answers about the virus. You will also receive a copy of your lab report, providing you with valuable information about your own health.

Why do I need to provide consent?

While completing the electronic questionnaire, you will be asked for consent to:

• provide the dried blood spot sample
• receive your test results
• store your sample in a biobank
• share certain data with provincial and territorial ministries of health, Health Canada and the Public Health Agency of Canada and potentially McGill University.

By consenting, you confirm that:

• you understand that even though you have agreed to some or all of the items above, you can still withdraw from any part of this survey or subsequent studies at any time
• you understand what is involved in taking part in the survey.

Consent to storage of your samples

With your consent, the surplus dried blood spots samples (leftover blood samples after antibody testing is performed) will be stored anonymously at the Statistics Canada biobank located at the Public Health Agency of Canada's National Microbiology Laboratory in Winnipeg. This is a high security facility that meets international security standards for this type of laboratory. The samples will be used for future health research projects. Only researchers who submit projects that meet the strict conditions imposed by Statistics Canada, in particular those relating to confidentiality, will have access to these samples.

Can I choose not to participate in the survey?

Your participation is voluntary. You can choose to end your participation in this survey (called withdrawal) at any time without having to provide a reason. If you choose to withdraw from the survey you can call us at 1-800-263-1136 (TTY: 1-800-363-7629) or email STATCAN.infostats-infostats.STATCAN@statcan.gc.ca. We will ensure that your samples are destroyed and your data deleted. If tests have already been done on your samples or your sample has already been sent to another laboratory for testing or related research, it will not be possible to withdraw those results. However, no further testing will be done.

What are the risks of participating in this survey?

You may experience very mild discomfort from the sting of the needle when taking a blood sample from a finger prick. Rest assured that we have chosen this measure and technique because it is safe. The risk of infection by COVID-19 from blood is considered extremely low. Medical research has shown that the virus is rarely found in the blood even when someone is sick. Furthermore, the small amount of blood that is being collected further minimizes any risk of infection. However you should still be cautious when handling blood because of the possible presence of other infectious agents.

What are the benefits of participating in this survey?

Your participation will help in further understanding the impact of COVID-19. The results will help indicate how many people have been infected with COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2), including those who may not have had related symptoms. Also, you will receive your test results once they are available.

Will my data be linked and shared?

When filling in the electronic questionnaire, we will inform you about the possibility of linking the information you provide to the CCAHS with other surveys or administrative data sources. Data linkage combines information on survey participants from at least two different sources. This is done only for statistical and research purposes. Linking data helps governments monitor, evaluate and modify policies in health care. If you agree to data linkage, we will:

• Ask you for your health card number to help with the linkage process.
• Combine the information we collect during this survey with some of the information that your provincial health department, health registries or other recognized health organizations already have on file about you.
• Remove personal identifiers such as your name, address and health card number from the linked file as soon as the linkage is complete.
• Destroy all linkage files at the end of the project.

Only Statistics Canada employees will perform data linkage. All linked data will remain confidential under the Statistics Act. We will not provide any information about you to the ministry of health in your province, territory or to any other organization. For more information on data linkage, visit Microdata Linkage at Statistics Canada

You will also be asked if you consent to sharing the information you provide with Health Canada, the Public Health Agency of Canada, and provincial and territorial ministries of health (including l'Institut de la statistique du Québec for Quebec residents). Sharing data allows researchers to fully utilize the information we collect to improve health policies and, in turn, the health of Canadians. If you consent, your data will be shared under the following conditions:

• Your name, address, telephone number and health card number could be shared.
• The Institut de la statistique du Québec and provincial and territorial ministries of health may make this data available to local health authorities. Local health authorities will not receive any personal identifiers, only your postal code.
• Your information will not be shared with any other party without your consent.
• Health Canada and the Public Health Agency of Canada, and the ministries of health will use this information only for statistical and research purposes.

To avoid duplication of surveys, Statistics Canada might sign agreements to share the data from this survey with McGill University. McGill is the legal entity representing the COVID-19 Immunity Task Force (CITF). The CITF is a group of scientists and experts who use data to support decision-makers in their efforts to protect Canadians and minimize the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

With your consent, your survey responses and postal code will be shared with McGill and the CITF. Names, addresses, telephone numbers, email addresses and health card numbers will not be shared.

How will my data be kept private and confidential?

The data and samples are collected under the authority of the Statistics Act, which guarantees that all your personal information remains confidential and secure. Your data are also protected under the Privacy Act of Canada.

Statistics Canada will never:

• store or test your samples if you did not provide consent
• provide information about your samples to any law enforcement agency
• share your personal information or your test results with insurance companies or employers
• allow any of your information or data to be used in partnership suits or any other legal proceedings.

How do I do the dried blood spot (DBS) test?

This guide will demonstrate how to administer the dried blood spot (DBS) test. Please read the entire guide carefully prior to beginning the test. An instructional video can be found at Canadian COVID-19 Antibody and Health Survey (CCAHS). If you have any questions, please call us at 1-888-253-1087 or email statcan.ccahs-ecsac.statcan@statcan.gc.ca.

Statistics Canada takes all necessary precautions to ensure that the collection of health information and samples is safe for participants.

It is very important to note that you should not do the DBS test if you have a clotting condition such as hemophilia or Von Willebrand disease, if you have had chemotherapy within the last 4 weeks, or if you have undergone a bilateral mastectomy. If you have had a mastectomy only on one side, you may perform the finger prick on the opposite hand. In addition, you should not complete the DBS test if you have experienced fainting or vomiting due to a finger prick or the sight of blood.

If at any point you feel that your health or safety is at risk due to this test, please stop the test immediately. It is recommended that you administer the test with someone nearby in case you begin to feel unwell. Furthermore, if you are feeling stressed because of the survey or the COVID-19 pandemic in general, please visit Canadian COVID-19 Antibody and Health Survey and click on the Mental and Physical Health link under Participants for a list of tips and resources to help with your mental and physical health during these stressful times.

Before you begin, please make sure you have all the necessary items in your testing kit:

• 2 Single-use rounded T-shaped lancets
• 1 DBS card
• 2 Alcohol swabs
• 2 Gauze pads
• 2 Bandages
• 1 pair of gloves
• 1 Dehumidifying pack
• 1 Humidity indicator card
• 1 Small brown envelope
• 1 Large resealable plastic bag
• 1 Small striped plastic bag
• 1 Prepaid postage envelope

Step 1: Getting ready

1. If possible, it is best to have another person present while you perform the DBS test. This is so that they can assist you in the event that you experience any adverse effects. They may also be able to help you with some steps of the process if required. Please note: if someone is assisting you or if you are assisting someone else with their DBS test, gloves should be worn to ensure that there will be no contact with another person's blood.
2. Write the date in the space indicated on the small brown envelope. Do not write your name or any other information that could identify you. Do not write on the DBS card.
3. Prepare all the materials before starting the collection, as shown in the picture below. We suggest covering the surface of the table with paper towels to absorb any excess drops of blood.
4. Fold back the flap of your DBS card to uncover the testing area with the 5 circles. Make sure not to touch this area. Your card should look like the card on the photo below.
5. Open the gauze package and a bandage and set aside. You will need these after pricking your finger with the lancet.
6. Chose which finger you will be using to collect your sample. Only use your middle or ring fingers. It is important that you choose a finger that is not injured or infected.
7. Make sure your hands are warm. This will improve blood flow. You can do so by rubbing your hands together or moving your arms.

Step 2: The collection

1. Wash your hands with soap and water before and after the test.
2. Make sure you are seated comfortably at a clean table with all provided materials within reach.
3. Hold the white base of the lancet with one hand, and twist off the purple cap with the other. Even with the cap off, you will not see the needle. This is normal. 
4. Use the alcohol swab to clean the entire tip of the chosen finger all the way down to the first knuckle, and allow it to air dry.
5. Position the lancet on your finger tip. The needle should go across the fingerprint lines, not in the same direction.
6. Lay the back of your hand against a solid surface:

   Hold the lancet firmly between your index and major finger of the opposite hand, place the tip of the lancet onto the finger tip and push the button on the top of the lancet with your thumb. You will hear a click and feel it prick your finger.

   Once a lancet is used, it retracts back into the device, and cannot be activated a second time. Two lancets have been provided in the event that you are unable to complete the test with only one finger prick. Should you choose to do a second finger prick, make sure to use a different finger.
7. Let a small drop of blood form at your finger tip and wipe it away with a gauze pad. Do not use the alcohol pad to wipe away the drop of blood.
8. Now it's time to start collecting blood on the card. Gently squeeze your finger from the base towards the tip to help a blood drop form. Once a large drop of blood forms on your fingertip, let the blood fall from your finger onto the card. The blood should saturate the card and show through the other side. Do not let your finger touch the card.
   
   Front of the DBS card
   
   Other side of the saturated DBS card
   
   Fill the first circle completely before moving on to the next. The goal is to fill all 5 circles, but fewer full circles are better than more incomplete circles. If one drop of blood is not enough to fill a circle, aim the next drop of blood beside the first drop until the circle is filled. Avoid layering blood drops directly on top of one another.
   This photo demonstrates a good dried blood spot sample compared to a poor quality sample.
   
   If you have attempted the DBS test, you should mail back your DBS card no matter the outcome. Even if you were only able to fill one circle, or if none of your circles are complete, the laboratory will still try to analyze your sample.

Step 3: After collection

1. Apply firm pressure with gauze until the bleeding has stopped.
2. Apply a bandage.
3. Used lancets must be placed in the provided large resealable plastic bag and thrown in the trash.
4. Place the DBS card in a safe place until it is completely dry. With the flap folded back, allow to dry for at least 3 hours. Do not place it in direct sunlight or near a heater, and keep out of reach of children and pets to avoid contamination.
5. Once dry, fold the flap back over the blood spots and place it in the small brown envelope. Do not seal the small brown envelope. Place the small brown envelope, the humidity indicator card and the dehumidifying pack inside the small striped plastic bag. Do not place the humidity indicator card in the small brown envelope. Remove as much air from the bag as you can before closing it.
6. To send your DBS test to , place your small striped plastic bag in the prepaid, pre-addressed package and seal it. Write your postal code in the six boxes in the bottom right hand corner of the return label. Do not write your name or address on the return label. Return your test in the package provided

appropriation (crédit)

Any authority of Parliament to pay money out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund.

authorities (autorisations)

Authorities are approvals from Parliament for individual government organizations to spend up to specific amounts. Expenditure authority from Parliament is provided in two ways: annual appropriation acts that specify the amounts and broad purposes for which funds can be spent, and other specific statutes that authorize payments and set out the amounts and periods for those payments. An organization's expenditure authority received through appropriation acts may be supplemented by allocations from Treasury Board Central Votes 5, 10, 15, 25, 30 and 33.

budgetary expenditures (dépenses budgétaires)

Operating and capital expenditures; transfer payments to other levels of government, organizations or individuals; and payments to Crown corporations.

Core responsibility (responsabilité essentielle)

An enduring function or role performed by a department. The intentions of the department with respect to a core responsibility are reflected in one or more related departmental results that the department seeks to contribute to or influence.

Departmental Plan (plan ministériel)

A report on the plans and expected performance of an appropriated department over a three year period. Departmental Plans are usually tabled in Parliament each spring.

departmental priority (priorité ministérielle)

A plan or project that a department has chosen to focus and report on during the planning period. Priorities represent the things that are most important or what must be done first to support the achievement of the desired departmental results.

departmental result (résultat ministériel)

A consequence or outcome that a department seeks to achieve. A departmental result is often outside departments' immediate control, but it should be influenced by program-level outcomes.

departmental result indicator (indicateur de résultat ministériel)

A quantitative measure of progress on a departmental result.

departmental results framework (cadre ministériel des résultats)

A framework that connects the department's core responsibilities to its departmental results and departmental result indicators.

Departmental Results Report (rapport sur les résultats ministériels)

A report on a department's actual accomplishments against the plans, priorities and expected results set out in the corresponding Departmental Plan.

experimentation (expérimentation)

Conducting activities that seek to first explore and then test and compare the effects and impacts of policies and interventions to inform evidence-based decision making, and improve outcomes for Canadians by learning what works for whom and in what circumstances. Experimentation is related to, but distinct from, innovation (trying new things) because it involves a rigorous comparison of results. For example, using a new website to communicate with Canadians can be an innovation; systematically testing the new website against existing outreach tools or an old website to see which one leads to more engagement is experimentation.

full-time equivalent (équivalent temps plein)

A measure of the extent to which an employee represents a full person year charge against a departmental budget. For a particular position, the full time equivalent figure is the ratio of number of hours the person actually works divided by the standard number of hours set out in the person's collective agreement.

gender-based analysis plus (GBA+) (analyse comparative entre les sexes plus [ACS+])

An analytical process used to assess how diverse groups of women, men and gender-diverse people experience policies, programs and services based on multiple factors including race ethnicity, religion, age, and mental or physical disability.

government-wide priorities (priorités pangouvernementales)

For the purpose of the 2019–20 Departmental Results Report, those high-level themes outlining the government's agenda in the 2019 Speech from the Throne, namely fighting climate change; strengthening the middle class; walking the road of reconciliation; keeping Canadians safe and healthy; and positioning Canada for success in an uncertain world.

horizontal initiative (initiative horizontale)

An initiative where two or more federal organizations are given funding to pursue a shared outcome, often linked to a government priority.

non-budgetary expenditures (dépenses non budgétaires)

Net outlays and receipts related to loans, investments and advances, which change the composition of the financial assets of the Government of Canada.

pathfinder project (projet exploratoire)

Type of project conducted under Statistics Canada's modernization initiative. These projects are specifically designed to help guide the modernization effort, engage with stakeholders, consult with users, and implement leading-edge tools and methods to produce useful, high-quality statistics in all programs.

performance (rendement)

What an organization did with its resources to achieve its results, how well those results compare with what the organization intended to achieve, and how well lessons learned have been identified.

performance indicator (indicateur de rendement)

A qualitative or quantitative means of measuring an output or outcome, with the intention of gauging the performance of an organization, program, policy or initiative respecting expected results.

performance reporting (production de rapports sur le rendement)

The process of communicating evidence based performance information. Performance reporting supports decision making, accountability and transparency.

plan (plan)

The articulation of strategic choices, which provides information on how an organization intends to achieve its priorities and associated results. Generally, a plan will explain the logic behind the strategies chosen and tend to focus on actions that lead to the expected result.

planned spending (dépenses prévues)

For Departmental Plans and Departmental Results Reports, planned spending refers to those amounts presented in Main Estimates.

A department is expected to be aware of the authorities that it has sought and received. Determining planned spending is a departmental responsibility, and departments must be able to defend the expenditure and accrual numbers presented in their Departmental Plans and Departmental Results Reports.

priority (priorité)

A plan or project that an organization has chosen to focus and report on during the planning period. Priorities represent the things that are most important or that must be done first to support achievement of the desired Strategic Outcome(s) or Departmental Results.

program (programme)

Individual or groups of services, activities or combinations thereof that are managed together within the department and focus on a specific set of outputs, outcomes or service levels.

program inventory (répertoire des programmes)

Identifies all the department's programs and describes how resources are organized to contribute to the department's core responsibilities and results.

result (résultat)

A consequence attributed, in part, to an organization, policy, program or initiative. Results are not within the control of a single organization, policy, program or initiative; instead they are within the area of the organization's influence.

statutory expenditures (dépenses législatives)

Expenditures that Parliament has approved through legislation other than appropriation acts. The legislation sets out the purpose of the expenditures and the terms and conditions under which they may be made.

Strategic Outcome (résultat stratégique)

A long-term and enduring benefit to Canadians that is linked to the organization's mandate, vision and core functions.

target (cible)

A measurable performance or success level that an organization, program or initiative plans to achieve within a specified period. Targets can be either quantitative or qualitative.

voted expenditures (dépenses votées)

Expenditures that Parliament approves annually through an appropriation act. The vote wording becomes the governing conditions under which these expenditures may be made.

Organizational profile

Appropriate minister[s]: The Honourable Navdeep Bains, P.C., M.P.

Institutional head: Anil Arora

Ministerial portfolio: Innovation, Science and Economic Development

Enabling instrument[s]:

• Statistics Act
• Corporations Returns Act
• Corporations Returns Regulations

Year of incorporation / commencement: The Dominion Bureau of Statistics was established in 1918. In 1971, with the revision of the Statistics Act, the agency became Statistics Canada.

Other: Under the Statistics Act, Statistics Canada is required to collect, compile, analyze, abstract and publish statistical information relating to the commercial, industrial, financial, social, economic and general activities and conditions of the people of Canada.

Statistics Canada has two primary objectives:

• to provide statistical information and analysis of the economic and social structure and functioning of Canadian society, as a basis for developing, operating and evaluating public policies and programs; for public and private decision making; and for the general benefit of all Canadians
• to promote the quality, coherence and international comparability of Canada’s statistics through collaboration with other federal departments and agencies, with the provinces and territories, and in accordance with sound scientific standards and practices.

Statistics Canada's head office is located in Ottawa. There are regional offices across the country in Halifax, Sherbrooke, Montréal, Toronto, Sturgeon Falls, Winnipeg, Edmonton and Vancouver. There are also 27 research data centres located throughout the country. These centres provide researchers with access to microdata from population and household survey programs in a secure university setting. Canadians can follow the agency on Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, Reddit, feeds and YouTube.

Raison d'être, mandate and role: who we are and what we do

"Raison d'être, mandate and role: who we are and what we do" is available on the Statistics Canada website.

For more information on the agency's organizational mandate letter commitments, see the Minister's mandate letter.

Reporting framework

Statistics Canada's Departmental Results Framework and Program Inventory of record for 2019–20 are shown below.

Supporting information on the Program Inventory

Financial, human resources and performance information for Statistics Canada's Program Inventory is available in GC InfoBase.

Supplementary information tables

The following supplementary information tables are available on Statistics Canada's website:

• Departmental Sustainable Development Strategy
• Gender-based Analysis Plus
• Response to parliamentary committees and external audits

Federal tax expenditures

The tax system can be used to achieve public policy objectives through the application of special measures such as low tax rates, exemptions, deductions, deferrals and credits. The Department of Finance Canada publishes cost estimates and projections for these measures each year in the Report on Federal Tax Expenditures. This report also provides detailed background information on tax expenditures, including descriptions, objectives, historical information and references to related federal spending programs. The tax measures presented in this report are the responsibility of the Minister of Finance.

Organizational contact information

Email
infostats@statcan.gc.ca

Telephone
Toll-free: 1-800-263-1136
International: 1-514-283-8300
TTY: 1-800-363-7629

Fax
1-877-287-4369 or 613-951-0581

Mail
Statistics Canada
150 Tunney's Pasture Driveway
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0T6

Website
Statistics Canada
Twitter
Facebook

Feedback

Find data on

• Animal production
• Crop production
• Farm business
• Farm population
• Food
• Land use

More related content: Census of Agriculture

Features

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Release calendar of the Census of Agriculture

Release dates, 2021 Census of Agriculture

Release date	Release topic
February 22, 2022	Reference Maps, 2021 Mapping Tool (2016 data)
April 14, 2022	Guide to the Census of Agriculture, 2021
May 11, 2022	Canada's 2021 Census of Agriculture: A story about the transformation of the agriculture industry and adaptiveness of Canadian farmers Farm and Farm Operator Data Visualization Tool
June 15, 2022	Mapping Tool (2021 data added) Community Profiles Data Linked to Geographic Boundaries, 2021
June 2022 to March 2024	Canadian Agriculture at a Glance, 2021
November 17, 2022	Licensed cannabis production, 2021
December 13, 2022	Agri-Environmental Spatial Data
December 23, 2022	Thematic maps, 2021
August 25, 2023	Agriculture–Population Linkage data, 2021 The socioeconomic snapshot of Canada’s evolving farm population, 2021 Agriculture–Population Linkage: Data quality report, 2021 Agriculture–Population Linkage: Infographics, 2021

Key indicators

Select a geographical area

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CanadaNewfoundland and LabradorPrince Edward IslandNova ScotiaNew BrunswickQuebecOntarioManitobaSaskatchewanAlbertaBritish Columbia

Selected geographical area: ~ ' ' ~ Saskatchewan ~ ''; ?>

• Total number of farms, Census of Agriculture - Saskatchewan
  (2021)

  34,128

  -1.1%

  (period-to-period change)
• Total farm area, Census of Agriculture - Saskatchewan
  (2021)

  60,265,339 acres

  -2.1%

  (period-to-period change)

More key indicators

Selected geographical area: ~ ' ' ~ Saskatchewan ~ ''; ?>

• Land in crops (excluding Christmas trees), Census of Agriculture - Saskatchewan
  (2021)

  40,313,311 acres

  -0.4%

  (period-to-period change)
• Average age of farm operators, Census of Agriculture - Saskatchewan
  (2021)

  55.8

  1.5%

  (period-to-period change)

Selected geographical area: ~ ' ' ~ Manitoba ~ ''; ?>

• Total number of farms, Census of Agriculture - Manitoba
  (2021)

  14,543

  -1.7%

  (period-to-period change)
• Total farm area, Census of Agriculture - Manitoba
  (2021)

  17,121,019 acres

  -2.9%

  (period-to-period change)

More key indicators

Selected geographical area: ~ ' ' ~ Manitoba ~ ''; ?>

• Land in crops (excluding Christmas trees), Census of Agriculture - Manitoba
  (2021)

  11,618,292 acres

  0.8%

  (period-to-period change)
• Average age of farm operators, Census of Agriculture - Manitoba
  (2021)

  54.4

  1.1%

  (period-to-period change)

Selected geographical area: ~ ' ' ~ Alberta ~ ''; ?>

• Total number of farms, Census of Agriculture - Alberta
  (2021)

  41,505

  2.1%

  (period-to-period change)
• Total farm area, Census of Agriculture - Alberta
  (2021)

  49,157,232 acres

  -2.2%

  (period-to-period change)

More key indicators

Selected geographical area: ~ ' ' ~ Alberta ~ ''; ?>

• Land in crops (excluding Christmas trees), Census of Agriculture - Alberta
  (2021)

  25,650,672 acres

  1.5%

  (period-to-period change)
• Average age of farm operators, Census of Agriculture - Alberta
  (2021)

  56.5

  1.4%

  (period-to-period change)

Selected geographical area: ~ ' ' ~ Quebec ~ ''; ?>

• Total number of farms, Census of Agriculture - Quebec
  (2021)

  29,380

  1.6%

  (period-to-period change)
• Total farm area, Census of Agriculture - Quebec
  (2021)

  7,770,428 acres

  -4.1%

  (period-to-period change)

More key indicators

Selected geographical area: ~ ' ' ~ Quebec ~ ''; ?>

• Land in crops (excluding Christmas trees), Census of Agriculture - Quebec
  (2021)

  4,622,291 acres

  0.2%

  (period-to-period change)
• Average age of farm operators, Census of Agriculture - Quebec
  (2021)

  54.0

  2.1%

  (period-to-period change)

Selected geographical area: ~ ' ' ~ Prince Edward Island ~ ''; ?>

• Total number of farms, Census of Agriculture - Prince Edward Island
  (2021)

  1,195

  -11.7%

  (period-to-period change)
• Total farm area, Census of Agriculture - Prince Edward Island
  (2021)

  504,674 acres

  -12.3%

  (period-to-period change)

More key indicators

Selected geographical area: ~ ' ' ~ Prince Edward Island ~ ''; ?>

• Land in crops (excluding Christmas trees), Census of Agriculture - Prince Edward Island
  (2021)

  375,141 acres

  -6.3%

  (period-to-period change)
• Average age of farm operators, Census of Agriculture - Prince Edward Island
  (2021)

  56.4

  2.5%

  (period-to-period change)

Selected geographical area: ~ ' ' ~ Canada ~ ''; ?>

• Total number of farms, Census of Agriculture - Canada
  (2021)

  189,874

  -1.9%

  (period-to-period change)
• Total farm area, Census of Agriculture - Canada
  (2021)

  153,687,771

  -3.2%

  (period-to-period change)

More key indicators

Selected geographical area: ~ ' ' ~ Canada ~ ''; ?>

• Land in crops (excluding Christmas trees), Census of Agriculture - Canada
  (2021)

  93,595,208

  0.2%

  (period-to-period change)
• Average age of farm operators, Census of Agriculture - Canada
  (2021)

  56.0

  1.8%

  (period-to-period change)

Selected geographical area: ~ ' ' ~ Newfoundland and Labrador ~ ''; ?>

• Total number of farms, Census of Agriculture - Newfoundland and Labrador
  (2021)

  344

  -15.5%

  (period-to-period change)
• Total farm area, Census of Agriculture - Newfoundland and Labrador
  (2021)

  49,425 acres

  -30.1%

  (period-to-period change)

More key indicators

Selected geographical area: ~ ' ' ~ Newfoundland and Labrador ~ ''; ?>

• Land in crops (excluding Christmas trees), Census of Agriculture - Newfoundland and Labrador
  (2021)

  19,298 acres

  -1.6%

  (period-to-period change)
• Average age of farm operators, Census of Agriculture - Newfoundland and Labrador
  (2021)

  57.5

  3.0%

  (period-to-period change)

Selected geographical area: ~ ' ' ~ British Columbia ~ ''; ?>

• Total number of farms, Census of Agriculture - British Columbia
  (2021)

  15,841

  -9.6%

  (period-to-period change)
• Total farm area, Census of Agriculture - British Columbia
  (2021)

  5,648,160 acres

  -11.8%

  (period-to-period change)

More key indicators

Selected geographical area: ~ ' ' ~ British Columbia ~ ''; ?>

• Land in crops (excluding Christmas trees), Census of Agriculture - British Columbia
  (2021)

  1,376,399 acres

  -4.1%

  (period-to-period change)
• Average age of farm operators, Census of Agriculture - British Columbia
  (2021)

  57.8

  2.7%

  (period-to-period change)

Selected geographical area: ~ ' ' ~ New Brunswick ~ ''; ?>

• Total number of farms, Census of Agriculture - New Brunswick
  (2021)

  1,851

  -17.9%

  (period-to-period change)
• Total farm area, Census of Agriculture - New Brunswick
  (2021)

  685,378 acres

  -18.0%

  (period-to-period change)

More key indicators

Selected geographical area: ~ ' ' ~ New Brunswick ~ ''; ?>

• Land in crops (excluding Christmas trees), Census of Agriculture - New Brunswick
  (2021)

  321,756 acres

  -6.6%

  (period-to-period change)
• Average age of farm operators, Census of Agriculture - New Brunswick
  (2021)

  57.0

  2.5%

  (period-to-period change)

Selected geographical area: ~ ' ' ~ Nova Scotia ~ ''; ?>

• Total number of farms, Census of Agriculture - Nova Scotia
  (2021)

  2,741

  -21.2%

  (period-to-period change)
• Total farm area, Census of Agriculture - Nova Scotia
  (2021)

  720,045 acres

  -21.4%

  (period-to-period change)

More key indicators

Selected geographical area: ~ ' ' ~ Nova Scotia ~ ''; ?>

• Land in crops (excluding Christmas trees), Census of Agriculture - Nova Scotia
  (2021)

  247,037 acres

  -7.6%

  (period-to-period change)
• Average age of farm operators, Census of Agriculture - Nova Scotia
  (2021)

  58.2

  3.0%

  (period-to-period change)

Selected geographical area: ~ ' ' ~ Ontario ~ ''; ?>

• Total number of farms, Census of Agriculture - Ontario
  (2021)

  48,346

  -2.5%

  (period-to-period change)
• Total farm area, Census of Agriculture - Ontario
  (2021)

  11,766,071 acres

  -4.7%

  (period-to-period change)

More key indicators

Selected geographical area: ~ ' ' ~ Ontario ~ ''; ?>

• Land in crops (excluding Christmas trees), Census of Agriculture - Ontario
  (2021)

  9,051,011 acres

  0.3%

  (period-to-period change)
• Average age of farm operators, Census of Agriculture - Ontario
  (2021)

  56.7

  2.5%

  (period-to-period change)

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• Canada's 2021 Census of Agriculture: A closer look at farming across the regions (Released: 2022-06-15)
• Canada's 2021 Census of Agriculture: A story about the transformation of the agriculture industry and adaptiveness of Canadian farmers (Released: 2022-05-11)
• The socioeconomic portrait of Canada's evolving farm population, 2016 (Released: 2018-11-27)
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• Portrait of Canada's immigrant farm population, 2021 (2023-08-25)
• Canadian eggs, from farm to fork (2023-01-26)
• Canadian potatoes, from farm to fork (2022-12-22)
• A portrait of Canada's female farm operators (2022-11-23)
• Canadian blueberries, from farm to fork (2022-11-18)
• Canadian farm operators: An educational portrait (2018-11-27)
• The socioeconomic portrait of Canada's evolving farm population (2018-11-27)
• Canada's immigrant farm population (2018-11-27)
• 150 Years of Canadian Agriculture (2017-06-27)
• Direct Marketing in Canada (2017-06-21)
• The Business of Agriculture (2017-06-14)
• Horticulture in Canada (2017-06-07)
• Field Crops in Canada (2017-05-31)
• Livestock in Canada (2017-05-24)
• A Portrait of Canadian Farms (2017-05-17)

Agriculture–Population Linkage: Infographics, 2021

• Socioeconomic portrait of Canada’s farm population, 2021
  (2023-08-25)
• Educational portrait of Canada’s farm operators, 2021 (2023-08-25)
• Portrait of Canada’s immigrant farm population, 2021 (2023-08-25)

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• 2021: Full report | Summary
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Previous Censuses of Agriculture

• Archived 2016 Census of Agriculture hub Archived
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• Archived 2006 Census of Agriculture Archived
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Related links

• Agriculture and food statistics
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Partners who support the Census of Agriculture

International

• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
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Federal

• Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

Provincial and territorial

• Newfoundland and Labrador - Department of Fisheries and Land Resources
• Prince Edward Island - Department of Agriculture and Land
• Nova Scotia - Department of Agriculture
• New Brunswick - Ministry of Agriculture, Aquaculture and Fisheries
• Quebec - Ministère de l'Agriculture, des Pêcheries et de l'Alimentation du Québec (French only)
• Ontario - Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs
• Manitoba - Department of Agriculture
• Saskatchewan - Ministry of Agriculture
• Alberta - Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry
• British Columbia - Ministry of Agriculture
• Yukon - Government
• Northwest Territories - Agriculture
• Nunavut - Department of Executive and Intergovernmental Affairs

Maps

• Reference maps
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Changes in legislation and the resulting change in the offence classification creates discontinuity in the historical record of particular criminal offences. Legislative changes to assault, sexual assault, theft, arson, mischief, prostitution and youth crime must be considered when making comparisons over time. Some of the more significant changes are as follows:

Sexual Assault: Bill C-127 (1983):

Bill C-127 abolished the offences of rape, attempted rape and indecent assault and introduced a three-tiered structure for sexual assault offences. C-127 also eased the circumstances under which police could lay charges in incidents of sexual and non-sexual assault.

Young Offenders Act (1984):

With the proclamation of the Young Offenders Act in April 1984, 12 years old became the minimum age for which charges could be laid under the Criminal Code. However, the maximum age continued to vary until April 1985, when the maximum age of 17 (up to the 18th birthday) was established in all provinces and territories. Youths, as defined in this publication, refer to those aged 12 to 17 (inclusive). This definition applies to the target group who fall under the delegation of the Young Offenders Act (YOA).

Traffic Offences: Bill C-18 (1985):

In December 1985, Bill C-18 made major legislative changes with respect to certain traffic offences. It imposed more stringent sentences for dangerous driving and drinking and driving. It also facilitated the enforcement of impaired driving laws by authorizing police to take blood and/or breath samples under certain circumstances. As a result, data previous to 1985 for traffic offences are not comparable and have not been presented.

Property value limits: Bill C-18 (1985) and Bill C-42 (1995):

In 1985, Bill C-18 altered the property value limits from under and over $200 to under and over $1,000. This applied to offences such as Theft, Possession of Stolen Goods, Mischief and Fraud. As of February 1995, Bill C-42 revised the property value limits to under and over $5,000.

Alternative measures: Bill C-41 (1996):

Bill C-41 came into force on September 3, 1996. One of its highlights was the introduction of "alternative measures" for adults, which provided ways of dealing with disputes and minor offences outside of formal court proceedings.

Firearms: Bill C-68 (1997):

Bill C-68, came into force on January 1, 1997, requiring all firearm owners to obtain a firearms license by January 1st, 2001. This license replaces the Firearms Acquisition Certificate (FAC) in use since 1977. As of October 1, 1998, firearms had to be registered by October 1st 2003 (within 5 years). Bill C-68 also provided for tougher penalties for using a firearm while committing a crime.

Controlled Drugs and Substances Act: Bill C-8 (1997):

This legislation came into force on May 14, 1997. The Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (CDSA) repealed and replaced the Narcotic Control Act (NCA) and parts of the Food and Drug Act (FDA). With this change in legislation, offences related to the possession, trafficking and importation of certain controlled or restricted substances not identified in earlier statutes were now (since 1997) included in the 'other drugs' category. Comparisons with years prior to 1997 should be made with caution.

Dangerous Operation Evading Police: Bill C-202 (2000):

Bill C-202 came into effect on March 30th, 2000. This legislation modifies section 249 of the Criminal Code, thus creating new offences surrounding the dangerous operation of a motor vehicle when used for evading police.

Youth Criminal Justice Act: Bill C-7 (2003):

The extrajudicial measures encouraged by the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA), proclaimed on April 1, 2003, included: taking no further action informal police warnings, referrals to community programs, formal police cautions, Crown cautions, and extrajudicial sanctions programs.

Street Racing: Bill C-19 (2006):

Bill C-19 came into force on December 14, 2006 and addressed the street-racing problem by making four amendments to the Criminal Code. "Street-racing" was defined and five new street-racing offences were added. For three of the new offences, it provided maximum penalties longer than those currently provided for Dangerous Operation or Criminal Negligence in the Operation of a Motor Vehicle, and it introduced mandatory driving prohibition orders for a minimum period of time, with the length of the prohibition increasing for repeat offences.

Unauthorized Recording of a Movie: Bill C-59 (2007):

Bill C-59, came into force on June 22, 2007, addressing the illegal recording of movies in theatres by creating two new offences in the Criminal Code: Recording for Personal Use of a Movie Shown in a Theatre and Recording for Commercial Purposes of a Movie Shown in a Theatre.

Tackling Violent Crime: Bill C-2 (2008):

As a result of Bill C-2, which came into force on February 28, 2008, the age of consent was raised from 14 to 16 for the following Criminal Code offences: Sexual Interference, Invitation to Sexual Touching, Sexual Exploitation, Bestiality and Exposure to Person Under 14. The UCR also created a new violation code for Sexual Exploitation of a Person with a Disability.

Impaired Operation and Failure to Provide a Blood Sample were modified to now differentiate between alcohol and drugs (or a combination of the two). Fail/refuse to provide breath sample and failure to comply or refusal (drugs) will now have a maximum penalty of 25 years.

Bill C-2 also created two additional firearm-related offences, Robbery to Steal a Firearm and Breaking and Entering to Steal a Firearm, both of which carry a maximum penalty of 25 years.

Act to amend the Criminal Code (organized crime and protection of justice system participants) Bill C-14 (2009):

Bill C-14 officially came into effect on October 2, 2009. As a result, two new violation codes were created: Assault Against Peace Officer with a Weapon or Causing Bodily Harm, and Aggravated Assault Against a Peace Officer.

Codifying Identity Theft: Bill S-4 (2010):

Bill S-4 came into effect on January 8, 2010. As a result, two new violation codes were created: Identity Theft and Identity Fraud.

Trafficking in Person's under the age of 18: Bill C-268 (2010):

Bill C-268 came into effect on June 29, 2010. As a result, section 279.011(1) was added to the Criminal Code. This section is incorporated into the existing UCR violation code for Trafficking in Persons.

An Act to amend the Criminal Code (suicide bombings): Bill S-215 (2010):

Bill S-215 became law on December 15, 2010. This bill amended the Criminal Code to clarify that suicide bombings fall within the definition of "terrorist activity" and as such, are included under UCR codes for the following: Participate in Terrorist Activity, Facilitate Terrorist Activity, and Instruct/Carry Out Terrorist Activity.

Tackling Auto Theft and Trafficking in Property Obtained by Crime: Bill S-9 (2011):

Bill S-9 officially came into effect on April 29, 2011. As a result, a new UCR violation code for Motor Vehicle Theft was created, replacing the former UCR violations of Motor Vehicle Theft Over $5,000 and Motor Vehicle Theft $5,000 and Under.

Possession of Stolen Goods was separated into two new categories; Possession of Stolen Goods Over $5,000 and Possession of Stolen Goods $5,000 and Under.

Three new UCR violation codes were also created: Altering/Destroying/Removing a Vehicle Identification Number (VIN), Trafficking in Stolen Goods Over $5,000 and Trafficking in Stolen Goods $5,000 and Under.

Amendment to the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act: Bill C-475 (2011):

Bill C-475 came into effect on June 26, 2011. As a result, section 7.1(1) was added to the Criminal Code. This section is included under the UCR violation code of Precursor/Equipment (Crystal Meth, Ecstasy).

The Safe Streets Act: Bill C-10 (2012):

Bill C-10 came into effect on August 9, 2012. As a result, two new sections were added to the Criminal Code; Section 172.2(1) and Section 171.1(1). Section 172.2(1) is mapped to the existing UCR code of Luring a Child Via Computer. Section 171.1(1) is mapped to the new UCR violation code of Making Sexually Explicit Material Available to Children.

Combating Terrorism Act: Bill S-7 (2013):

Bill S-7 came into effect on July 15th, 2013. This bill amends the Criminal Code to create the offences of: Leaving or Attempting to Leave Canada to Commit Certain Terrorism Offences, and brought changes to the offence of Harbouring / Concealing Terrorist. Seven new UCR violation codes were introduced mid-2013 in response to this legislation.

Mischief to war memorials: Bill C-217 (2014):

Under Criminal Code sections 430(4.11(a)), 430(4.11(b)) and 430 (4.2), Bill C-217 created a new criminal offence of Mischief Relating to War Memorials when it came into force on the 19th of June, 2014. At the same time, the UCR violation Mischief in Relation to Cultural Property was introduced to the survey.

Recruitment to Criminal Organizations: Bill C-394 (2014):

This bill came into force on September 6th, 2014 and made the recruitment of members by a criminal organization a criminal offence under section 467.111 of the Criminal Code.

Protection of Communities and Exploited Persons Act: Bill C-36 (2014):

Bill C-36 came into effect in December 2014. The new legislation targeted "The exploitation that is inherent in prostitution and the risks of violence posed to those who engage in it" (Criminal Code Chapter 25, preamble). New violations classified as Offences in Relation to Sexual Service are considered to be violent offences and include: The Purchasing of Sexual Services or Communicating for that Purpose, Receiving a Material Benefit Deriving from the Purchase of Sexual Services, Procuring of Persons for the Purpose of Prostitution, and Advertising Sexual Services Offered for Sale. In addition, a number of other offences related to prostitution continue to be considered non-violent offences and are classified under Other Criminal Code offences. These include Public Communication to Sell Sexual Services and Offences Related to Impeding Traffic to Buy or Sell Sexual Services.

At the same time, the UCR survey was amended to add additional offence codes for the following violent violations: Parent or Guardian Procuring Sexual Activity, and Householder Permitting Prohibited Sexual Activity. The following violations officially expired on December 5, 2014: Bawdy House, Living off the Avails of Prostitution of a Person Under 18, Procuring, Obtains/Communicates with a Person Under 18 for Purpose of Sex, and Other Prostitution.

Effective December 2014, Bill C-36 amended the definition of the offence "Common Bawdy House" in the Criminal Code to remove reference to prostitution. As a result of this amendment, the UCR violation of "Bawdy House" was terminated, and the new violation of "Common Bawdy House" was introduced under 'Other Violations'.

Protecting Canadians from Online Crime Act: Bill C-13 (2015):

On March 9, 2015, Bill C-13 Protecting Canadians from Online Crime Act came into effect. As a result, a new criminal offence of Non-Consensual Distribution of Intimate Images was added to the Criminal Code and the UCR survey. It also clarified the Criminal Code offence of Harassing / Indecent Communications can be committed by any means of telecommunication.

Tackling Contraband Tobacco Act: Bill C-10 (2015):

On April 10 2015, Bill C-10 Tackling Contraband Tobacco Act came into effect. As a result, this legislation created the Criminal Code offence of Trafficking in Contraband Tobacco which is counted under the UCR violation Offences Against the Administration of Law and Justice. Prior to April 2015, the offence was counted under the Excise Act. As such, comparisons of these two violations to previous years should be made with caution.

Tougher Penalties for Child Predators Act: Bill C-26 (2015):

On July 17th, 2015, Bill C-26 increased the maximum penalties for 6 sexual offences against children, including Sexual Interference, Invitation to Sexual Touching, Sexual Exploitation, Making Sexually Explicit Material Available to a Child and Failure to Comply with Order / Breach of Probation (when relating to a sexual offence).

Anti-terrorism Act: Bill C-51 (2015):

Bill C-51 came into effect on July 18, 2015. As a result, a new UCR violation code for the offence of "Advocating or Promoting Commission of Terrorism Offences" was added to the survey to respond to this amendment to the Criminal Code.

An Act to amend the Criminal Code and to make related amendments to other Acts (medical assistance in dying): Bill C-14 (2016):

On June 17, 2016, Bill C-14 came in effect. As a result, three new UCR violation codes were introduced in response to these amendments: Fail to Comply With Safeguards Forging /Destruction of Documents Related to Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID), and Failing to Comply with Regulations / Obligations regarding Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID).

An Act to amend the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act and to make related Amendments to other Acts: Bill C-37 (2017):

On May 18, 2017, Bill C-37 came into effect. As a result, the offence of possessing, producing, selling or importing anything knowing it will be used to produce or traffic in crystal meth or ecstasy was expanded to include all substances listed in Schedule I, II , III, IV or V of the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act.

An Act to Amend the Criminal Code (Mischief): Bill C-305 (2017):

On December 12, 2017, the Canadian Government granted royal assent to Bill C-305. This bill amended Section 430 (4.1) of the Criminal Code to include "mischief in relation to property that is used by an identifiable group for educational purposes, administrative, social, cultural, or sports activities or events or as residence for seniors." Previously this section of the Criminal Code only included "mischief to property primarily used for worship."

An Act respecting cannabis and to amend the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act, the Criminal Code and other Acts: Bill C-45 (2018):

On June 21, 2018, the Canadian Government granted royal assent to Bill C-45, An Act respecting cannabis and to amend the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act, the Criminal Code and other Acts. The 'come into force' date for this legislation was October 17, 2018. In response to this new legislation, on October 17, 2018 the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Survey accepted 22 new violation codes and expired all existing cannabis-specific violations.

An Act to amend the Criminal Code (offences relating to conveyances) and to make consequential amendments to other Acts: Bill C-46 (2018):

On June 21, 2018, royal assent was granted to Bill C-46. The 'come into force' date for Part 1 of this legislation was June 21, 2018. Part 2 came into effect on December 18, 2018 (180 days after Part 1).

Part 1 (effective June 21, 2018)

Part 1 of Bill C-46 amended the provisions of the Criminal Code that dealt with offences and procedures relating to impaired driving. As a result, 7 new UCR violation codes were added to the survey.

Part 2 (effective December 18, 2018)

Part 2 of Bill C-46 repealed the provisions of the Criminal Code that dealt with offences and procedures relating to conveyances, including those provisions enacted by Part 1, and replaced them with provisions in a new part of the Criminal Code. In response to Part 2 of Bill C-46, all existing UCR traffic violation codes have been mapped to new Criminal Code sections or expired. In addition, the UCR survey will no longer be collecting provincial traffic offences.

An Act to amend certain Acts and Regulations in relation to firearms: Bill C-71 (2019):

On June 21, 2019, royal assent was granted to Bill C-71. Part 1 and part 2 of this Act proposed changes in firearms regulations. Part 1 amends the Firearms Act, the Criminal Code (Code) and the Regulations Prescribing Certain Firearms and Other Weapons, Components and Parts of Weapons, Accessories, Cartridge Magazines, Ammunition and Projectiles as Prohibited, Restricted or Non-Restricted.

Part 2 of the bill reintroduced the legislative amendments contained in Bill C-52 An Act to amend Chapter 6 of the Statues of Canada, 2012 (short title: Supporting Vested Rights Under Access to Information Act), which amend the Ending the Long gun Registry Act (ELRA), the Access to Information Act (ATIA) and the Privacy Act. However, in response to this Act no changes were made to the UCR survey.

An Act to Amend the Criminal Code (bestiality and animal fighting): Bill C-84 (2019):

On June 21, 2019, royal assent was granted to Bill C-84. This enactment amends the Criminal Code to define "bestiality"; expand the scope of the offence of encouraging, aiding or assisting in the fighting or baiting of animals or birds so that the offence includes promoting, arranging, receiving money for, or taking part in, the fighting or baiting of animals or birds, and also applies with respect to the training, transporting or breeding of animals or birds for fighting or baiting. It also expands the scope of the offence of building, making, maintaining or keeping a cockpit so that the offence applies with respect to any arena for animal fighting.

An Act to amend the Criminal Code, the Youth Criminal Justice Act and other Acts and to make consequential amendments to other Acts: Bill C-75 (2019):

On June 21, 2019, the Canadian Government granted royal assent to Bill C-75, "An Act to amend the Criminal Code, the Youth Criminal Justice Act and other Acts and to make consequential amendments to other Acts". As a response to the changes outlined in this new legislation, the Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics (CCJCSS) has made adjustments to the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Survey.

Effective June 21, 2019, Criminal Code sections 159 Anal intercourse, 179 Vagrancy, 181 Spreading false news, 210 Keeping common bawdy-house, 211 Transporting person to bawdy-house and 287 Procuring miscarriage have been repealed. As a result, two UCR codes have been expired: Anal Intercourse and Common Bawdy House (to keep, to transport a person to).

Effective September 19, 2019, the general penalty for summary conviction offences (except sections 173(2)(b), 271(b) and 444(2)(b)) has been increased to 2 years. As a result, the maximum penalty for the 9 relevant UCR codes has been increased from 6 months to 2 years at this time: Communicating To Provide Sexual Services for Consideration, Stopping or Impeding Traffic for the Purpose of Offering, Providing or Obtaining Sexual Services for Consideration Betting House, Gaming House, Disturb the Peace, Indecent acts, Trespass at Night, and all Other Criminal Code (includes Part XII.1 CC) and Operation - low blood drug concentration violation codes.

Comparing UCR Data with Courts and Corrections Data

It is difficult to make comparisons between data reported by police and data from other sectors of the criminal justice system (i.e., courts and corrections). There is no single unit of count (i.e., incidents, offences, charges, cases or persons) which is defined consistently across the major sectors of the justice system. As well, charges actually laid can be different from the Most Serious Offence by which incidents are categorized. In addition, the number and type of charges laid by police may change at the pre-court stage or during the court process. Time lags between the various stages of the justice process also make comparisons difficult.

The Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Survey was designed to measure the incidence of crime in Canadian society and its characteristics. Presented are the data elements that are captured by the survey, and the violation codes that are used in data collection.

Data Elements

• Aboriginal Indicator
• Apparent Age
• Attempted/Completed Violation
• Charges Laid or Recommended
• Clearance Date
• Counter Frauds and Motor Vehicles
• CSC Status (Charged/Suspect - Chargeable)
• Cybercrime
• Date Charges Laid or Recommended or Processed By Other Means
• Date of Birth
• Fingerprint Section I.D. (FPS) Number
• FPS Number
• Fraud Type
• Gender
• Geocode Information
• Hate Crime
• Incident Clearance Status
• Incident Date/Time (From and To Date and Time)
• Incident File Number
• Level of Injury
• Location of Incident
• Most Serious Violation / Violations
• Most Serious Violation Against The Victim (VAV)
• Most Serious Weapon Present
• Motor Vehicle Recovery
• Name/Primary Key
• Organized Crime Peace – Public Officer Status
• Property Stolen
• Relationship of CSC, (Charged/Suspect – Chargeable), To The Victim
• Report Date
• Respondent Code
• Shoplifting Flag
• Soundex Code
• Special Survey Feature
• Target Vehicle
• Update Status
• Vehicle Type
• Weapon Causing Injury

Violation Structure for the Uniform Crime Reporting Survey

Crimes Against the Person

Violations Causing Death

• Murder 1st Degree
• Murder 2nd Degree
• Manslaughter
• Infanticide
• Criminal Negligence Causing Death
• Other Related Offences Causing Death

Attempting the Commission of a Capital Crime

• Attempted Murder
• Conspire to Commit Murder

Sexual Violations

• Aggravated Sexual Assault
• Sexual Assault With A Weapon
• Sexual Assault
• Other Sexual Crimes (expired 2008-03-31)
• Sexual Interference (effective 2008-04-01)
• Invitation To Sexual Touching (effective 2008-04-01)
• Sexual Exploitation (effective 2008-04-01)
• Sexual Exploitation of a Person with a Disability (effective 2008-05-01)
• Incest (effective 2008-04-01)
• Corrupting Children (effective 2008-04-01)
• Making Sexually Explicit Material Available to Children (effective 2012-08-09)
• Parent or Guardian Procuring Sexual Activity
• Householder Permitting Prohibited Sexual Activity
• Luring a Child via a Computer (effective 2008-04-01)
• Agreement or Arrangement - sexual offence against child
• Anal Intercourse (expired  2019-06-20)
• Bestiality - Commit or Compel Person (effective 2008-04-01)
• Bestiality in Presence of, or Incites, a Child
• Voyeurism (effective 2008-04-01)
• Non-Consensual Distribution of Intimate Images (effective 2015-03-09)
• Sexual Offence which Occurred Prior to January 4, 1983 (effective 2019-11-04)

Assaults

• Aggravated Assault Level 3
• Assault With Weapon or Causing Bodily Harm Level 2
• Assault Level 1
• Unlawfully Causing Bodily Harm
• Discharge Firearm with Intent
• Using Firearm/Imitation of Firearm in Commission of Offence (effective 2008-04-01)
• Pointing a Firearm (effective 2008-04-01)
• Assault Against Peace Public Officer
• Assault Against Peace Officer with a Weapon or Causing Bodily Harm (effective 2009-10-02)
• Aggravated Assault Against Peace Officer (effective 2009-10-02)
• Criminal Negligence Causing Bodily Harm
• Trap Likely to or Causing Bodily Harm (effective 2008-04-01)
• Other Assaults

Violations Resulting in the Deprivation of Freedom

• Kidnapping / Forcible Confinement (expired 2010-01-08)
• Kidnapping (effective 2010-01-08)
• Forcible Confinement (effective 2010-01-08)
• Hostage Taking
• Trafficking in Persons (effective 2005-11-01)
• Abduction Under 14, Not Parent/Guardian
• Abduction Under 16
• Removal of Children from Canada (effective 1998-01-01)
• Abduction Under 14 Contravening A Custody Order
• Abduction Under 14, by Parent/Guardian

Sexual Services Offences

• Obtaining Sexual Services for Consideration (effective 2014-12-06)
• Obtaining Sexual Services for Consideration from Person Under 18 Years (effective 2014-12-06)
• Receive Material Benefit from Sexual Services (effective 2014-12-06)
• Receive Material Benefit from Sexual Services Provided by a Person Under 18 Years (effective 2014-12-06)
• Procuring (effective 2014-12-06)
• Procuring - Person Under 18 Years (effective 2014-12-06)
• Advertising Sexual Services (effective 2014-12-06)

Other Violations Involving Violence or the Threat of Violence

• Robbery
• Robbery to Steal Firearm (effective 2008-05-01)
• Extortion
• Intimidation of a Justice System Participant or a Journalist (effective 2008-04-01)
• Intimidation of a Non-Justice System Participant (effective 2008-04-01)
• Criminal Harassment (effective 1994-01-01)
• Indecent/Harassing Communications (effective 2008-04-01)
• Utter Threats to Person (effective 1998-01-01)
• Explosives Causing Death/Bodily Harm (effective 1998-01-01)
• Arson – Disregard for Human Life (effective 1999-05-01)
• Failure to Comply with Mandatory Safeguards in Relation to Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID)(effective 2016-06-17)
• Forging or Destroying Documents Related to Assistance Requests with Criminal Intent (MAID)(effective 2016-06-17)
• Other Violations Against the Person

Crimes Against Property

• Arson
• Break and Enter
• Break and Enter to Steal Firearm (effective 2008-05-01)
• Break and Enter a Motor Vehicle (Firearm) (effective 2008-05-01)
• Theft Over $5,000
• Theft of a Motor Vehicle over $5,000 (effective 2004-01-01) (expired 2011-04-28)
• Theft Over $5,000 from a Motor Vehicle (effective 2004-01-01)
• Shoplifting Over $5,000 (effective 2008-04-01)
• Motor Vehicle Theft (effective 2011-04-29)
• Theft $5,000 or Under
• Theft of a Motor Vehicle $5,000 and Under (effective 2004-01-01) (expired 2011-04-28)
• Theft $5,000 or Under from a Motor Vehicle (effective 2004-01-01)
• Shoplifting $5,000 or Under (effective 2008-04-01)
• Have Stolen Goods (expired 2011-04-28)
• Trafficking in Stolen Goods over $5,000 (effective 2011-04-29)
• Possession of Stolen Goods over $5,000 (effective 2011-04-29)
• Trafficking in Stolen Goods $5,000 and under (effective 2011-04-29)
• Possession of Stolen Goods $5,000 and under (effective 2011-04-29)
• Fraud
• Identity Theft (effective 2010-01-08)
• Identity Fraud (effective 2010-01-08)
• Mischief
• Mischief over $5,000 (expired 2008-03-31)
• Mischief $5,000 or Under (expired 2008-03-31)
• Mischief in Relation to Cultural Property (effective 2014-06-19)
• Hate-Motivated Mischief Relating to Property Used by Identifiable Group (effective 2008-04-01)
• Mischief Relating to War Memorials (effective 2014-06-19)
• Altering/Destroying/Removing a Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) (effective 2011-04-29)

Other Criminal Code Violations

Prostitution

• Bawdy House (expired 2014-12-05)
• Living off the Avails of Prostitution of a Person Under 18 (effective 1998-01-01) (expired 2014- 12-05)
• Procuring (expired 2014-12-05)
• Obtains/Communicates with a Person Under 18 for Purpose of Sex (effective 1998-01-01) (expired 2014-12-05)
• Other Prostitution (expired 2014-12-05)
• Public Communication to Sell Sexual Services (effective 2014-12-06)
• Offences Related to Impeding Traffic to Buy or Sell Sexual Services (effective 2014-12-06)

Disorderly Houses, Gaming and Betting

• Betting House
• Gaming House
• Other Gaming and Betting
• Common Bawdy House (expired 2019-06-20)

Offensive Weapons

• Explosives
• Prohibited (expired 1998-12-01)
• Restricted (expired 1998-12-01)
• Firearm Transfers/Serial Numbers (expired 1998-12-01)
• Other Offensive Weapons (expired 1998-12-01)
• Using Firearms/Imitation (expired 2008-03-31)
• Weapons Trafficking (effective 1998-12-01)
• Weapons Possession Contrary to Order (effective 1998-12-01)
• Possession of Weapons (effective 1998-12-01)
• Unauthorized Importing/Exporting of Weapons (effective 1998-12-01)
• Pointing a Firearm (expired 2008-03-31)
• Firearms Documentation/Administration (effective 1998-12-01)
• Unsafe Storage of Firearms (effective 1998-12-01)

Other Criminal Code

• Failure to Comply with Order
• Counterfeiting Currency
• Disturb the Peace
• Escape Custody or Helps Escape From Lawful Custody
• Indecent Acts
• Possessing or Accessing Child pornography
• Making, or Distribution of Child Pornography
• Voyeurism (expired 2008-03-31)
• Corrupting Morals
• Luring a Child Via a Computer (expired 2008-03-31)
• Obstruct Public Peace Officer
• Prisoner Unlawfully At Large
• Trespass at Night
• Failure to Appear
• Breach of Probation
• Threatening/Harassing Phone Calls (expired 2008-03-31)
• Utter Threats Against Property or Animals (effective 2008-04-01)
• Advocating Genocide (effective 2008-04-01)
• Public Incitement Of Hatred (effective 2008-04-01)
• Unauthorized Recording of a Movie/Purpose of Sale, Rental, Commercial Distribution (2007-06- 22)
• Offences Against Public Order (Part II CC)
• Property or Services for Terrorist Activity (effective 2002-01-01)
• Freezing of Property, Disclosure, Audit (effective 2002-01-01)
• Participate in Activity of Terrorist Group (effective 2002-01-01)
• Facilitate Terrorist Activity (effective 2002-01-01)
• Instruction/Commission of Act of Terrorism (effective 2002-01-01)
• Harbor or Conceal Terrorist (effective 2002-01-01) (expired 2013-07-14)
• Hoax – Terrorism (effective 2005-01-01)
• Advocating/Promoting Terrorism Offence (effective 2015-07-18)
• Firearms and Other Offensive Weapons (Part III CC)
• Leaving Canada to Participate in Activity of Terrorist Group (effective 2013-07-15)
• Leaving Canada to Facilitate Terrorist Activity (effective 2013-07-15)
• Leaving Canada to Commit Offence for Terrorist Group (effective 2013-07-15)
• Leaving Canada to Commit Offence that is Terrorist Activity (effective 2013-07-15)
• Concealing Person who Carried Out Terrorist Activity that is a Terrorism Offence for which that Person is Liable to Imprisonment for Life (effective 2013-07-15)
• Concealing Person who Carried Out Terrorist Activity that is a Terrorism Offence for which that Person is Liable to Any Punishment Other than Life (effective 2013-07-15)
• Concealing Person who is Likely to Carry Out Terrorist Activity (effective 2013-07-15)
• Offences Against the Administration of Law and Justice (Part IV CC)
• Sexual Offences, Public Morals and Disorderly Conduct (Part V CC)
• Invasion of Privacy (Part VI CC)
• Disorderly Houses, Gaming and Betting (Part VII CC) (expired 2008-03-31)
• Offences Against the Person and Reputation (Part VIII CC)
• Failure to Comply with the Regulations/Obligations for Medical Assistance in Dying
• Offences Against the Rights of Property (Part IX CC)
• Fraudulent Transactions Relating to Contracts and Trade (Part X CC)
• Intimidation of Justice System Participant (expired 2008-03-31)
• Willful and Forbidden Acts in Respect of Certain Property (Part XI CC)
• Offences Related to Currency (Part XII CC)
• Proceeds of Crime (Part XII.2 CC) (effective 1998-01-01)
• Attempts, Conspiracies, Accessories (Part XIII CC)
• Instruct Offence for Criminal Organization (effective 2002-01-01)
• Commit Offence for Criminal Organization (effective 2002-01-01)
• Participate in Activities of Criminal Organization (effective 2002-01-01)
• Recruitment of Members by a Criminal Organization (effective 2014-09-06)
• All other Criminal Code (includes Part XII.1 CC)

Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (effective 1997-06-01)

Possession

• Heroin
• Cocaine
• Other Controlled Drugs and Substances Act
• Cannabis (Pre-legalization) (expired 2018-10-16)
• Methamphetamine (Crystal Meth) (effective 2008-04-01)
• Methylenedioxyamphetamine (Ecstasy) (effective 2008-04-01)
• Opioid (Other than Heroin)

Trafficking

• Heroin
• Cocaine
• Other Controlled Drugs and Substances Act
• Cannabis (Pre-legalization) (expired 2018-10-16)
• Methamphetamine (Crystal Meth) (effective 2008-04-01)
• Methylenedioxyamphetamine (Ecstasy) (effective 2008-04-01)
• Opioid (Other than Heroin)

Importation and Exportation

• Heroin
• Cocaine
• Other Controlled Drugs and Substances Act
• Cannabis (Pre-legalization) (expired 2018-10-16)
• Methamphetamine (Crystal Meth) (effective 2008-04-01)
• Methylenedioxyamphetamine (Ecstasy) (effective 2008-04-01)
• Opioid (Other than Heroin)

Production

• Heroin (effective 2008-04-01)
• Cocaine (effective 2008-04-01)
• Other Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (effective 2008-04-01)
• Cannabis (Pre-legalization) (expired 2018-10-16)
• Methamphetamine (Crystal Meth) (effective 2008-04-01)
• Methylenedioxyamphetamine (Ecstasy) (effective 2008-04-01)
• Opioid (Other than Heroin)

Other

• Possession, Sale, etc., for Use in Production of or Trafficking in Substance (effective 2011-06-26)
• Proceeds of Crime (CDSA) (expired 2002-02-01)

Cannabis Act (effective 2018-10-17)

Possession

• Possession of Illicit or Over 30g Dried Cannabis (or Equivalent) by Adult (effective 2018-10-17)
• Possession of Over 5g Dried Cannabis (or Equivalent) by Youth (effective 2018-10-17)
• Possession of Budding or Flowering Plants, or More than Four Cannabis Plants (effective 2018-10-17)
• Possession of Cannabis by Organization (effective 2018-10-17)

Distribution

• Distribution of Illicit, Over 30g Dried Cannabis (or equivalent), or to an Organization, by Adult (effective 2018-10-17)
• Distribution of Cannabis to Youth, by Adult (effective 2018-10-17)
• Distribution of Over 5g Dried Cannabis (or Equivalent), or to an Organization, by Youth (effective 2018-10-17)
• Distribution of Budding or Flowering Plants, or More than Four Cannabis Plants (effective 2018-10-17)
• Distribution of Cannabis by Organization (effective 2018-10-17)
• Possession of Cannabis for Purpose of Distributing (effective 2018-10-17)

Sale

• Sale of Cannabis to Adult (effective 2018-10-17)
• Sale of Cannabis to Youth (effective 2018-10-17)
• Sale of Cannabis to an Organization (effective 2018-10-17)
• Possession of Cannabis for Purpose of Selling (effective 2018-10-17)

Importation and Exportation

• Importation and Exportation of Cannabis (effective 2018-10-17)
• Possession of Cannabis for Purpose of Exportation (effective 2018-10-17)

Production

• Obtain, Offer to Obtain, Alter or Offer to Alter Cannabis (effective 2018-10-17)
• Cultivate, Propagate or Harvest Cannabis by Adult (effective 2018-10-17)
• Cultivate, Propagate or Harvest Cannabis by Youth or Organization (effective 2018-10-17)

Other Cannabis Violations

• Possess, Produce, Sell, Distribute or Import Anything for Use in Production or Distribution of Illicit Cannabis (effective 2018-10-17)
• Use of Young Person in the Commission of a Cannabis Offence (effective 2018-10-17)
• Other Cannabis Act (effective 2018-10-17)

Other Federal Statute Violations

• Bankruptcy Act
• Income Tax Act
• Canada Shipping Act
• Canada Health Act
• Customs Act
• Competition Act
• Excise Act
• Young Offenders Act (expired 2003-03-31)
• Youth Criminal Justice Act (effective 2003-04-01)
• Immigration & Refugee Protection Act
• Human Trafficking (effective 2011-04-29)
• Human Smuggling fewer than 10 persons (effective 2011-04-29)
• Human Smuggling 10 persons or more (effective 2011-04-29)
• Firearms Act (effective 1998-12-01)
• National Defence Act (effective 2002-01-01)
• Other Federal Statutes

Traffic Violations

Dangerous Operation

• Causing Death
• Causing Bodily Harm
• Operation of Motor Vehicle, Vessel or Aircraft

Flight from Peace Officer

• Causing Death (effective 2000-03-30) (expired 2018-12-17)
• Causing Bodily-Harm (effective 2000-03-30) (expired 2018-12-17)
• Flight From Peace Officer (effective 2000-03-30)

Impaired Operation/Related Violations

• Failure to Comply or Refusal (Alcohol) (expired 2018-12-17)
• Failure to Comply or Refusal (Drugs) (expired 2018-12-17)
• Failure to Provide Blood Sample (Alcohol) (expired 2018-12-17)
• Failure to Provide Blood Sample (Drugs) (expired 2018-12-17)
• Operation - Low Blood Drug Concentration
• Operation while Impaired Causing Death (Alcohol)
• Operation while Impaired Causing Death (Drugs)
• Operation while Impaired Causing Death (Alcohol and Drugs)
• Operation while Impaired Causing Death (Unspecified)
• Operation while Impaired Causing Bodily Harm (Alcohol)
• Operation while Impaired Causing Bodily Harm (Drugs)
• Operation while Impaired Causing Bodily Harm (Alcohol and Drugs)
• Operation while Impaired Causing Bodily Harm (Unspecified)
• Operation while Impaired (Alcohol)
• Operation while Impaired (Drugs)
• Operation while Impaired (Alcohol and Drugs)
• Operation while Impaired (Unspecified)
• Fail/Refuse to Comply with Demand (Alcohol)
• Fail/Refuse to Comply with Demand (Drugs)
• Fail/Refuse to Comply with Demand (Alcohol and Drugs)
• Fail/Refuse to Comply with Demand (Unspecified)
• Fail/Refuse to Comply with Demand, Accident Resulting in Bodily Harm (alcohol)
• Fail/Refuse to Comply with Demand, Accident Resulting in Bodily Harm (Drugs)
• Fail/Refuse to Comply with Demand, Accident Resulting in Bodily Harm (Alcohol and Drugs)
• Fail/Refuse to Comply with Demand, Accident Resulting in Bodily Harm (Unspecified)
• Fail/Refuse to Comply with Demand, Accident Resulting in Death (Alcohol)
• Fail/Refuse to Comply with Demand, Accident Resulting in Death (Drugs)
• Fail/Refuse to Comply with Demand, Accident Resulting in Death (Alcohol and Drug)
• Fail/Refuse to Comply with Demand, Accident Resulting in Death (Unspecified)

Other Criminal Code Traffic Violations

• Failure to Stop or Remain (unspecified) (expired 2011-04-28)
• Failure to Stop Causing Death (effective 2011-04-29)
• Failure to Stop Causing Bodily Harm (effective 2011-04-29)
• Failure to Stop or Remain (effective 2011-04-29)
• Operation While Prohibited
• Other Criminal Code (expired 2018-12-17)

Street Racing (expired 2018-12-17)

• Causing Death by Criminal Negligence While Street Racing (effective 2006-12-14) (expired 2018-12-17)
• Causing Bodily Harm by Criminal Negligence While Street Racing (effective 2006-12-14) (expired 2018-12-17)
• Dangerous Operation Causing Death While Street Racing (effective 2006-12-14) (expired 2018-12-17)
• Dangerous Operation Causing Bodily Harm While Street Racing (effective 2006-12-14) (expired 2018-12-17)
• Dangerous Operation of Motor Vehicle While Street Racing (effective 2006-12-14) (expired 2018-12-17)

For more information, contact Information and Client Services, Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics by email at: statcan.ccjs-ccsj.statcan@statcan.gc.ca.

Actual expenditures

Departmental spending trend graph

The following graph presents planned (voted and statutory spending) over time.

Statistics Canada is funded by two sources: direct parliamentary appropriations and cost-recovery activities. Statistics Canada has the authority to generate $120 million annually in respendable revenue, related to two streams: statistical surveys and related services, and custom requests and workshops. If exceeded, a request can be made to increase authority, as was the case in 2018–19 and 2019–20.

In recent years, respendable cost-recovery revenue has contributed between $112 million and $124 million annually to the agency's total resources. A large portion of this respendable revenue comes from federal departments to fund specific statistical projects.

Spending fluctuations between the years shown in the graph and table above were mainly caused by the Census Program. Voted spending decreased in 2017–18 and 2018–19 as the 2016 Census of Population and 2016 Census of Agriculture were winding down. This pattern is typical for the agency because of the cyclical nature of the Census Program. Spending will begin to ramp up and peak again in 2021–22, when the 2021 Census of Population and 2021 Census of Agriculture are conducted. The retroactive pay settlements from the ratification of new collective agreements also explain the variation.

The difference between 2019–20 actual spending and 2019–20 total authorities available for use is largely attributable to how the agency strategically manages its investments. The agency has leveraged the operating budget carry-forward mechanism to manage the cyclical nature of normal program operations toward the agency's strategic priorities, and to ensure the quality of its existing programs is maintained. Throughout the year, forecast lapses and amounts carried forward are managed centrally, by priority, within the statistical information Core Responsibility. The difference is also attributable to a Statistical Survey Operations pay equity settlement and shifts in its original payment timeline.

Internal Services' spending from 2018–19 to 2020–21 includes planned resources from temporary funding related to a new initiative approved in 2018–19 to migrate the agency's infrastructure to the cloud.

Statistics Canada has generated $120 million in respendable revenue from the sale of statistical products and services.

Actual human resources

Similar to trends seen in planned spending, FTE changes from year to year are largely explained by the cyclical nature of the Census Program. Activity decreased in 2017–18 and 2018–19 as the 2016 Census of Population and 2016 Census of Agriculture were winding down. Activity will begin to ramp up and peak again in 2021–22 when the 2021 Census of Population and 2021 Census of Agriculture are conducted.

Approximately 197 public servant FTEs based across Canada outside the National Capital Region (NCR) are included in net expenditure FTEs. Also included are approximately 862 interviewer FTEs (representing approximately 1,800 interviewers) outside the NCR. Of the 862 interviewer FTEs, 295 are working on respendable revenues. These interviewers are part-time workers whose assigned work weeks are determined by the volume of collection work available; they are hired under the Statistics Act, by the authority of the Minister of Innovation, Science and Economic Development. Interviewers are covered by two separate collective agreements and are employed through Statistical Survey Operations. Many of Statistics Canada's main outputs rely heavily on data collection and on the administration of these activities, which take place in the regional offices.

Expenditures by vote

For information on Statistics Canada's organizational voted and statutory expenditures, consult the Public Accounts of Canada 2019–2020.

Government of Canada spending and activities

Information on the alignment of Statistics Canada's spending with the Government of Canada's spending and activities is available in GC InfoBase.

Financial statements and financial statements highlights

Financial statements

Statistics Canada's financial statements (unaudited) for the year ended March 31, 2020, are available on the agency's website.

The agency uses the full accrual accounting method to prepare and present its annual financial statements, which are part of the departmental result reporting process. However, spending authorities presented in the previous sections of this report remain on an expenditure basis. A reconciliation between the bases of reporting is available in Note 3 of the financial statements.

Financial statement highlights

Statistics Canada's Future-Oriented Statement of Operations (unaudited) for the year ended March 31, 2020, is available on the agency website. The assumptions underlying the forecasts were made before the completion of the 2018–19 fiscal year.

The net cost of operations before government funding and transfers was $635.5 million, an increase of $69.5 million (12.3%) from $566.0 million in 2018–19. The increase in expenses is mainly due to increased salary costs from the ratification of several collective agreements in 2019–20, and an overall increase in the agency's activities. This is offset by a small decrease in revenue related to cost recovery projects, mainly with non-federal clients.

The difference between actual and planned net costs for 2019–20 is $36.9 million (6.2%). Expenses were $38.9 million higher than anticipated. The majority of this variance is due to the fact that planned expenses did not include new initiatives that were pending approval at the time of the preparation of the Future-Oriented Statement of Operations. New initiatives include budget items such as renewing and modernizing Statistics Canada ($13.3 million) and workload migration ($6.3 million). Increased salary costs from the ratification of collective agreements as well as higher vacation pay and compensatory leave accrual also contributed to this variance. Revenues were $1.9 million higher than anticipated because more contracts than expected were signed, mainly with federal government departments.

For more information on the distribution of expenses by program and type, please see the two charts below.

Gross expenditures by core responsibility

Total expenses, including respendable revenue and services provided without charge by federal government departments were $757.4 million in 2019-20. These expenses comprised $663.6 million (87.6%) for Statistical Information and $93.8 million (12.4%) for Internal Services.

Gross expenditures by type

Statistics Canada spent $757.4 million in 2019–20. These expenses comprised $609.5 million (80.5%) for salaries and employee benefits, $37.0 million (4.9%) for accommodations, $33.2 million (4.4%) for professional and special services, $30.2 million (4.0%) for amortization, $16.5 million (2.2%) for transportation and postage, $14.8 million (2.0%) in rentals, $13.3 million (1.8%) in materials and supplies and $2.9 million (0.4%) in other expenses.

The departmental net financial position was $108.0 million at the end of 2019–20, a decrease of $5.8 million from $113.8 million in 2018–19.

The increase in total net liabilities is mainly explained by an increase in accrued liabilities for vacation pay and compensatory leave, partially offset by a decrease in accrued salaries and wages mostly as a result of retroactive payment for executives and Statistical Survey Operations employees in 2019–20.

The decrease in total net financial assets is mainly explained by a decrease in the amount due from the Consolidated Revenue Fund as at March 31 to pay for accounts payable and accrued salaries and wages.

For more information on the distribution of the balances in the statements of financial position, please see the two charts below.

Assets by type

Total assets, including financial and non-financial assets, were $238.8 million at the end of 2019–20. Tangible capital assets represented the largest portion of assets, at $163.2 million (68.4%). They consisted of informatics software ($88.3 million), software under development ($57.6 million), leasehold improvements ($14.8 million) and other assets ($2.5 million). The remaining portion comprised $55.9 million (23.4%) for amounts due from the Consolidated Revenue Fund, $12.3 million (5.1%) for accounts receivables and advances, $5.9 million (2.5%) for prepaid expenses, and $1.5 million (0.7%) for consumable supplies.

Liabilities by type

Total liabilities were $130.8 million at the end of 2019–20. Accounts payable and accrued liabilities made up the largest portion of liabilities, at $75.0 million (57.3%). They consisted of accounts payable to external parties ($27.7 million), accounts payable to other federal government departments and agencies ($6.6 million), and accrued salaries and wages ($40.7 million). The next largest portion was vacation pay and compensatory leave, at $34.7 million (26.5%). Employee future benefits made up $20.5 million (15.7%). The remaining portion was composed of deferred revenue and the lease obligation for tangible capital assets, at $0.6 million (0.5%).