COVID-19 timeline

• The Government of British Columbia announced on July 7^th that it had formally extended the provincial state of emergency until July 21^st. On that date, the Government further extended the state of emergency until August 4^th.
• The Government of the Northwest Territories announced on July 7^th that it had extended the territory-wide Public Health Emergency under the Northwest Territories' Public Health Act and that it would not be extending the State of Emergency under the Emergency Management Act. On July 23^rd, the Government of Northwest Territories extended the territory-wide Public Health Emergency.
• The Government of Ontario announced on July 9^th that it had extended all emergency orders currently in force that were made under s.7.0.2(4) of the Emergency Management and Civil Protection Act (EMCPA) to July 22^nd. On July 16^th, the Government of Ontario announced it had extended most emergency orders until July 29^th.
• The Government of Nunavut announced on July 9^th that it had extended the territory's public health emergency until July 23^rd. On July 23^rd, the Government of Nunavut announced it had extended the territory's public health emergency until August 6^th.
• The Government of Nova Scotia announced on July 10^th that it was renewing the state of emergency until July 26^th.
• The Government of Manitoba announced on July 14^th it was extending the provincewide state of emergency under The Emergency Measures Act for a period of 30 days.

Selected COVID-19 responses

• The Government of Alberta announced on July 7^th that it had introduced Bill 33, the Alberta Investment Attraction Act, which, if passed, would create the Invest Alberta Corporation, an arms-length agency that will promote investment in the province's primary sectors – energy, agriculture, and tourism. The Government said it would provide $6 million annually for the next three years for its operation.
• The Government of Canada announced on July 16^th a federal investment of more than $19 billion through the Safe Restart Agreement to help provinces and territories restart their economies. The Government said the investment will help address the key priorities, agreed upon by Canada's First Ministers, for the safe restart of Canada's economy over the next six to eight months, including measures to increase testing and contact tracing, support the capacity of health care systems, and assist with the procurement of personal protective equipment to help essential workers.
• The Government of Canada announced on July 17^th proposed changes to the Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy (CEWS), including allowing the extension of the CEWS until December 19, 2020; making the subsidy accessible to a broader range of employers; and introducing a top-up subsidy of up to an additional 25% for employers that have been most adversely affected by the pandemic.
• The Government of Canada announced on July 31^st that the Canada Emergency Commercial Rent Assistance (CECRA) will be extended by one month to help eligible small businesses pay rent for August. The Government said all provinces and territories continue to participate in this initiative.
• The Government of Canada announced on July 31^st that it intends to transition everyone on the Canadian Emergency Response Benefit (CERB) to Employment Insurance, and that more details will be made available before the end of August.

Resources

• Calgary-based TC Energy Corporation announced it had officially begun construction of the Keystone XL Pipeline project in Alberta. The company said 269 kilometres of pipeline will be constructed and commissioned in Albert over the next three years and that approximately 2,000 constructions workers will be hired in Alberta over that period. TC Energy said that Keystone XL is expected to be complete and operational in 2023.
• TC Energy announced that the U.S. Supreme Court partially denied a request from the U.S. Justice Department to stay a lower court's order which vacated Nationwide Permit 12. The company said the Supreme Court stayed the decision, except as it applied to Keystone XL, which means the project will not be able to obtain authorization under Nationwide Permit 12 for dredge and fill activities in wetlands or waterbodies. TC Energy said this ruling continues to delay large portions of construction on the Keystone XL project. The company said that it will continue to evaluate its 2020 U.S. scope and that its work in Canada in 2020 remains unchanged.
• St. John's-based Hibernia Management and Development Company Ltd. (HMDC) announced on July 20^th that it had shut in Hibernia production after it observed a sheen 2.5 kilometres from the Hibernia production platform. On July 22^nd, HMDC announced it was gradually resuming production.
• Saint John-based Irving Oil announced it was reducing its workforce by 250 individuals, totaling approximately 6% of its workforce across operations in Canada, the United States, Ireland and the UK.
• Calgary-based Kelt Exploration Ltd. announced it had entered into an agreement to sell its Inga/Fireweed/Stoddart assets in British Columbia to ConocoPhillips of Texas for cash proceeds of $510 million. Kelt said the transaction is expected to close on or around August 21, 2020, subject to customary closing conditions, including receipt of regulatory approvals.
• Toronto-based Alamos Gold Inc. announced it is proceeding with an expansion of operations at its Island Gold mine in Ontario to 2,000 tonnes per day (tpd) from the current rate of approximately 1,200 tpd. Alamos said growth capital for the Shaft Expansion is expected to total USD $514 million.
• Toronto-based IAMGOLD Corporation, together with its joint venture partner Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd. of Japan, announced its decision to proceed with the construction of the Côté Gold Project located in northern Ontario. The company said the decision enables construction to start in Q3 2020 with activities ramping up into Q4 2020, and that the Project is anticipated to generate over 1,000 jobs during construction and 450 jobs during operations.
• Toronto-based Kirkland Lake Gold Ltd. announced that the suspension of operations at the company's Holt Complex, in effect since April 2, 2020 as part of its COVID-19 protocols, will be extended until further notice. The company said the Holt Complex was designated as non-core by the company on February 19, 2020.

Transportation

• Montreal-based VIA Rail Canada announced it was temporarily laying off approximately 1,000 unionized employees. VIA said the layoffs would take effect on July 24, 2020.
• The Greater Toronto Airports Authority (GTAA) announced a workforce reduction of approximately 500 positions, or 27%, reflecting a significant decrease in global air traffic. The GTAA said the reductions come into effect beginning July 14^th and will be achieved through the elimination of approximately 200 unfilled positions, together with voluntary departures and layoffs totalling approximately 300 employees.
• Calgary-based WestJet Airlines Ltd. announced that between July 15^th through to September 4, 2020, it will increase domestic frequencies and offer operations to 48 destinations including 39 in Canada, five in the U.S., two in Europe, one in the Caribbean, and one in Mexico. The company said the August schedule reflects approximately a 10% increase in flying from July, but a decrease of 75% from August 2019.
• Montreal-based Transat A.T. Inc. announced it was gradually resuming flight operations after a 112-day shutdown. Transat said there will be three international flights and three domestic flights and that its entire reduced summer schedule of 24 routes to some 20 destinations will be up and running by August 2^nd.
• Montreal-based Canadian National Railway Company (CN) announced that it plans to acquire 1,500 new generation, high-capacity, grain hopper cars with delivery starting in January of 2021.

Retail

• Mississauga-based Walmart Canada announced a $3.5 billion investment over the next five years, which includes renovating over 150 stores over the next three years, accelerating digitization to create "smarter stores", and building two new distribution centres in Vaughan, Ontario and Surrey, British Columbia.
• Nova Scotia-based Empire Company Limited announced its capital spend is expected to average approximately $700 million annually over the next three years as part of the company's new three-year growth strategy, which includes investing in the store network, improving store space productivity, and improving efficiency and cost competitiveness.
• Montreal-based DAVIDsTEA Inc. announced it was implementing a restructuring plan under the Companies' Creditors Arrangement Act (Canada) and that it intends to apply for similar orders for its wholly-owned U.S. subsidiary under Chapter 15 of the United States Bankruptcy Code. The company said it would continue to operate its online business and its wholesale distribution channel. Subsequently, DAVIDsTEA announced it was sending notices to terminate leases for 82 of its stores in Canada and all 42 of its stores in the United States and that the lease terminations would take effect in 30 days.
• New Jersey-based ascena retail group, inc. announced it had entered into a restructuring support agreement and filed voluntary Chapter 11 petitions in the United States Bankruptcy Court. Ascena said it will optimize its brand portfolio and strategically reduce its footprint with the closing of a significant number of Justice stores and a select number of Ann Taylor, LOFT, Lane Bryant and Lou & Grey stores, including the exit of all stores across brands in Canada.

Other news

• The Bank of Canada announced it was maintaining its target for the overnight rate at the effective lower bound of 0.25% and that it will maintain the current level of the policy rate until its inflation objective is achieved. The target for the overnight rate was reduced by 150 basis points in March 2020. The Bank also said it was continuing its quantitative easing (QE) program, with large-scale asset purchases of at least $5 billion per week of Government of Canada bonds and that the provincial and corporate bond purchase programs will continue as announced.
• On July 8^th, the Government of Canada presented its Economic and Fiscal Snapshot 2020, which included an overview of Canada's COVID-19 Economic Response Plan that delivered an economic response equivalent to nearly 14% of Canada's GDP. The Government forecasts a deficit of $343.2 billion in 2020-2021 and a contraction in real GDP of 6.8% in 2020.
• The Government of Canada announced that the new NAFTA entered into force on July 1^st.
• On July 14^th, the Government of British Columbia presented its Economic and Fiscal Update, which noted $6.26 billion in COVID-19 supports to people and businesses to date. The Government forecasts an estimated operating deficit of $12.5 billion in 2020-2021 and a contraction in real GDP of 6.8% in 2020.
• On July 24^th, the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador presented its 2020-21 fiscal update. The government forecasts a deficit of $2.1 billion in 2020-2021 and a reduction in real GDP of $1.8 billion.
• On July 29^th, the Government of Nova Scotia released its update on Budget 2020-21. The Government forecasts an $852.9 million deficit in 2020-2021 and a contraction in real GDP of 6.0% in 2020.
• Fitch Ratings, Inc. announced it had downgraded the Province of Alberta's Long-term Foreign Currency Issuer Default Rating and Long-term Local Currency Issuer Default Rating to 'AA-' from 'AA'.
• Montreal-based SNC-Lavalin Group Inc. announced it was transforming its Resources Business and that its geographic footprint will be reduced from 30 to 9 countries. The company also said that its headcount is expected to be reduced from approximately 15,000 to 8,000 by the end of 2020 and to 6,000 by the end of 2021.

United States and other international news

• The U.S. Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) maintained the target range for the federal funds rate at 0.00% to 0.25%. The last change in the target range was a 100 basis points decrease announced in March 2020. The FOMC also said that to support the flow of credit to households and businesses, the Federal Reserve over the coming months will increase its holdings of Treasury securities and agency residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities at least at the current pace to sustain smooth market functioning.
• The Federal Reserve Board announced separately an extension through December 31^st of its lending facilities that were scheduled to expire on or around September 30^th. The Federal Reserve said the extensions apply to the Primary Dealer Credit Facility, the Money Market Mutual Fund Liquidity Facility, the Primary Market Corporate Credit Facility, the Secondary Market Corporate Credit Facility, the Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility, the Paycheck Protection Program Liquidity Facility, and the Main Street Lending Program.
• The European Central Bank (ECB) announced that (i) the interest rate on the main refinancing operations and the interest rates on the marginal lending facility and the deposit facility will remain unchanged at 0.00%, 0.25% and -0.50% respectively; (ii) net purchases under the asset purchase programme (APP) will continue at a monthly pace of €20 billion, together with the purchases under the additional €120 billion temporary envelope until the end of the year; and (iii) the Governing Council will continue its purchases under the pandemic emergency purchase programme (PEPP) with a total envelope of €1.35 trillion until at least the end of June 2021.
• The Bank of Japan (BoJ) announced it will apply a negative interest rate of minus 0.1% to the Policy-Rate Balances in current accounts held by financial institutions at the BoJ and that it will purchase a necessary amount of Japanese government bonds (JGBs) without setting an upper limit so that 10-year JGB yields will remain at around zero percent. The BoJ also said it will actively purchase exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and Japan real estate investment trusts (J-REITs) for the time being and that it will maintain CP and corporate bonds outstanding at about ¥2 trillion and about ¥3 trillion, respectively. In addition, the BoJ said that, until the end of March 2021, it will conduct additional purchases with the upper limit of the amounts outstanding of ¥7.5 trillion for each asset.
• The Executive Board of Sweden's Riksbank left the main interest rate, the repo rate, unchanged at 0.00%. The Board also decided to extend the framework for government, municipal, and mortgage bonds from SEK 300 billion to SEK 500 billion up to the end of June 2021 and will begin purchasing corporate bonds in September. The Board also decided to cut interest rates and extend maturities for lending to banks.
• On July 21^st, the European Council announced that European Union (EU) leaders have agreed on a €750 billion recovery package to help the EU tackle the crisis caused by the pandemic.
• Virginia-based Dominion Energy, Inc. and Duke Energy of North Carolina announced the cancellation of the Atlantic Coast Pipeline due to ongoing delays and increasing cost uncertainty. Dominion Energy also announced it had executed a definitive agreement to sell substantially all of its Gas Transmission & Storage segment to an affiliate of Nebraska-based Berkshire Hathaway Inc. in a transaction valued at USD $9.7 billion. Dominion said the transaction is expected to close during the fourth quarter and requires Hart-Scott-Rodino clearance as well as approval from the U.S. Department of Energy.
• California-based Chevron Corporation announced it had entered into a definitive agreement with Noble Energy, Inc. of Texas to acquire all of the outstanding shares of Noble Energy in an all-stock transaction valued at USD $5.0 billion. Chevron said the transaction is expected to close in the fourth quarter of 2020, subject to regulatory and Noble Energy shareholder approval and other customary closing conditions.
• California-based eBay Inc. and Norway-based Adevinta ASA, a global online classifieds company, announced they had entered into a definitive agreement for eBay to transfer its Classified business to Adevinta for a total consideration valued at approximately USD $9.2 billion. The companies said the transaction is expected to close by the first quarter of 2021, subject to regulatory and shareholder approvals and customary closing conditions.
• UK-based Noble Corporation plc announced it had entered into a restructuring support agreement and that to implement the restructuring transaction, the company and selected subsidiaries had filed voluntary petitions for relief under chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code. Noble said it plans to continue to operate as normal and without interruption for the duration of the restructuring.
• Texas-based J.C. Penney Company, Inc. announced it had identified 152 store closures following an evaluation of store performance and that it will reduce its workforce by approximately 1,000 corporate, field management, and international positions.
• Texas-based Schlumberger Limited announced it was reducing its workforce by more than 21,000 employees.
• Wisconsin-based Harley-Davidson, Inc. announced an overhaul of its global operating model, which requires approximately 700 fewer positions across the company's global operations with approximately 500 employees expected to exit the organization through 2020.
• California-based Levi Strauss & Co. announced it was reducing its non-retail, non-manufacturing workforce by about 700 positions, or roughly 15%.

Financial market news

• West Texas Intermediate crude oil closed at USD $40.27 per barrel on July 31^st, up from a closing value of USD $39.27 at the end of June. Western Canadian Select crude oil traded in the USD $30 to $35 per barrel range throughout July. The Canadian dollar closed at 74.60 cents U.S. on July 31^st, up from 73.38 cents U.S. at the end of June. The S&P/TSX composite index closed at 16,169.20 on July 31^st, up from 15,515.22 at the end of June.

1.0 Description

The Canadian Perspectives Survey Series (CPSS) is a set of short, online surveys beginning in March 2020 that will be used to collect information on the knowledge and behaviours of residents of the 10 Canadian provinces. All surveys in the series will be asked of Statistics Canada's probability panel. The probability panel for the CPSS is a new pilot project initiated in 2019. An important goal of the CPSS is to directly collect data from Canadians in a timely manner in order to inform policy makers and be responsive to emerging data needs. The CPSS is designed to produce data at a national level (excluding the territories).

The survey program is sponsored by Statistics Canada. Each survey in the CPSS is cross sectional. Participating in the probability panel and the subsequent surveys of the CPSS is voluntary.

The second survey of the CPSS is CPSS2 – Monitoring the Effects of COVID-19. It was administered from May 4, 2020 until May 10, 2020.

Any question about the survey, the survey series, the data or its use should be directed to:

Statistics Canada

Client Services
Centre for Social Data Integration and Development
Telephone: 613-951-3321 or call toll-free 1-800-461-9050
Fax: 613-951-4527
E-mail: statcan.csdidclientservice-ciddsservicealaclientele.statcan@statcan.gc.ca

2.0 Survey methodology

Target and survey population

The target population for the Canadian Perspectives Survey Series (CPSS) is residents of the 10 Canadian provinces 15 years of age or older.

The frame for surveys of the CPSS is Statistics Canada's pilot probability panel. The probability panel was created by randomly selecting a subset of the Labour Force Survey (LFS) respondents. Therefore the survey population is that of the LFS, with the exception that full-time members of the Canadian Armed Forces are included. Excluded from the survey's coverage are: persons living on reserves and other Aboriginal settlements in the provinces; the institutionalized population, and households in extremely remote areas with very low population density. These groups together represent an exclusion of less than 2% of the Canadian population aged 15 and over.

The LFS sample is drawn from an area frame and is based on a stratified, multi-stage design that uses probability sampling. The LFS uses a rotating panel sample design. In the provinces, selected dwellings remain in the LFS sample for six consecutive months. Each month about one-sixth of the LFS sampled dwellings are in their first month of the survey, one-sixth are in their second month of the survey, and so on. These six independent samples are called rotation groups.

For the probability panel used for the CPSS, four rotation groups from the LFS were used from the provinces: the rotation groups answering the LFS for the last time in April, May, June and July of 2019. From these households, one person aged 15+ was selected at random to participate in the CPSS - Sign-Up. These individuals were invited to Sign-Up for the CPSS. Those agreeing to join the CPSS were asked to provide an email address. Participants from the Sign-Up that provided valid email addresses formed the probability panel. The participation rate to the panel was approximately 23%. The survey population for all surveys of the CPSS is the probability panel participants. Participants of the panel are 15 years or older as of July 31, 2019.

Sample Design and Size

The sample design for surveys of the CPSS is based on the sample design of the CPSS – Sign-Up, the method used to create the pilot probability panel. The raw sample for the CPSS – Sign-Up had 31, 896 randomly selected people aged 15+ from responding LFS households completing their last interview of the LFS in April to July of 2019. Of these people, 31,626 were in-scope at the time of collection for the CPSS - Sign-Up in January to March 2020. Of people agreeing to participate in the CPSS, that is, those joining the panel, 7,242 had a valid email address. All panel participants are invited to complete the surveys of the CPSS.

Sample Design and Size
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

Stages of the Sample	n
Raw sample for the CPSS – Sign-Up	31,896
In-scope Units from the CPSS – Sign-Up	31,628
Panelists for the CPSS (with valid email addresses)	7,242
Raw sample for surveys of the CPSS	7,242

3.0 Data collection

CPSS – Sign-Up

The CPSS- Sign-Up survey used to create Statistics Canada's probability panel was conducted from January 15th, 2020 until March 15th, 2020. Initial contact was made through a mailed letter to the selected sample. The letter explained the purpose of the CPSS and invited respondents to go online, using their Secure Access Code to complete the Sign-Up form. Respondents opting out of joining the panel were asked their main reason for not participating. Those joining the panel were asked to verify basic demographic information and to provide a valid email address. Nonresponse follow-up for the CPSS-Sign-Up had a mixed mode approach. Additional mailed reminders were sent to encourage sampled people to respond. As well, email reminders (where an email address was available) and Computer Assisted Telephone Interview (CATI) nonresponse follow-up was conducted.

The application included a standard set of response codes to identify all possible outcomes. The application was tested prior to use to ensure that only valid question responses could be entered and that all question flows would be correctly followed. These measures ensured that the response data were already "clean" at the end of the collection process.

Interviewers followed a standard approach used for many StatCan surveys in order to introduce the agency. Selected persons were told that their participation in the survey was voluntary, and that their information would remain strictly confidential.

CPSS2 – Monitoring the Effects of COVID-19

All participants to the pilot panel for the CPSS, minus those who opted out after CPSS1, were sent an email invitation with a link to the survey CPSS2 – COVID 19 and a Secure Access Code to complete the survey online. Collection for the survey began on May 4th, 2020. Reminder emails were sent on May 5th, May 7th and May 9th. The application remained open until May 10th, 2020.

3.1 Disclosure control

Statistics Canada is prohibited by law from releasing any data which would divulge information obtained under the Statistics Act that relates to any identifiable person, business or organization without the prior knowledge or the consent in writing of that person, business or organization. Various confidentiality rules are applied to all data that are released or published to prevent the publication or disclosure of any information deemed confidential. If necessary, data are suppressed to prevent direct or residual disclosure of identifiable data.

4.0 Data quality

Survey errors come from a variety of different sources. They can be classified into two main categories: non-sampling errors and sampling errors.

4.1 Non-sampling errors

Non-sampling errors can be defined as errors arising during the course of virtually all survey activities, apart from sampling. They are present in both sample surveys and censuses (unlike sampling error, which is only present in sample surveys). Non-sampling errors arise primarily from the following sources: nonresponse, coverage, measurement and processing.

4.1.1 Nonresponse

Nonresponse errors result from a failure to collect complete information on all units in the selected sample.

Nonresponse produces errors in the survey estimates in two ways. Firstly, non-respondents often have different characteristics from respondents, which can result in biased survey estimates if nonresponse bias is not fully corrected through weighting. Secondly, it reduces the effective size of the sample, since fewer units than expected answered the survey. As a result, the sampling variance increases and the precision of the estimate decreases. The response rate is calculated as follows:

[ Responding units / (Selected units – out-of-scope units) ] x 100%

The following table summarize the response rates experienced for the CPSS2 – Monitoring the Effects of COVID-19. Response rates are broken down into two stages. Table 4.1.1a shows the take-up rates to the panel in the CPSS- Sign-Up and Table 4.1.1b shows the collection response rates for the survey CPSS2 – Monitoring the Effects of COVID-19.

Table 4.1.1a Participation to the Pilot Probability Panel for the CPSS – Sign-Up
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	Stages of the Sample for the CPSS – Sign-Up
	Raw sample for the CPSS – Sign-Up	In-scope Units from the CPSS – Sign-Up	Panelists for the CPSS (with valid email addresses)	Participation Rate to the Panel for CPSS
n	31,896	31,628	7,242	22.9%

Table 4.1.1b Response Rates to the CPSS2 – Monitoring the Effects of COVID-19
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	Stages of the Sample for the CPSS2 – Monitoring the Effects of COVID-19
	Panelists for the CPSS (with valid email addresses)	Respondents to CPSS2 – Monitoring the Effects of COVID-19	Collection Response Rate to CPSS2 – Monitoring the Effects of COVID-19	Cumulative Response Rate
n	7,242	4,600	63.5%	14.5%

As shown in Table 4.1.1b, the collection response rate for the CPSS2 – Monitoring the Effects of COVID-19 is 63.5%. However, when nonparticipation in the panel is factored in, the cumulative response rate to the survey is 14.5%. This cumulative response rate is lower than the typical response rates observed in social surveys conducted at Statistics Canada. This is due to the two stages of nonresponse (or participation) and other factors such as the single mode used for surveys of the CPSS (emailed survey invitations with a link to the survey for online self-completion), respondent fatigue from prior LFS response, the inability of the offline population to participate, etc.,.

Given the additional nonresponse experienced in the CPSS2 – Monitoring the Effects of COVID-19 there is an increased risk of bias due to respondents being different than nonrespondents. For this reason, a small bias study was conducted. Please see Section 6.0 for the results of this validation.

4.1.2 Coverage errors

Coverage errors consist of omissions, erroneous inclusions, duplications and misclassifications of units in the survey frame. Since they affect every estimate produced by the survey, they are one of the most important type of error; in the case of a census they may be the main source of error. Coverage errors may cause a bias in the estimates and the effect can vary for different sub-groups of the population. This is a very difficult error to measure or quantify accurately.

For the CPSS, the population covered are those aged 15+ as of July 31, 2019. Since collection of the CPSS2 – Monitoring the Effects of COVID-19 was conducted from May 4th-10th, 2020, there is an undercoverage of residents of the 10 provinces that turned 15 since July 31, 2019. There is also undercoverage of those without internet access. This undercoverage is greater amongst those age 65 years and older.

4.1.3 Measurement errors

Measurement errors (or sometime referred to as response errors) occur when the response provided differs from the real value; such errors may be attributable to the respondent, the questionnaire, the collection method or the respondent's record-keeping system. Such errors may be random or they may result in a systematic bias if they are not random. It is very costly to accurately measure the level of response error and very few surveys conduct a post-survey evaluation.

4.1.4 Processing errors

Processing error is the error associated with activities conducted once survey responses have been received. It includes all data handling activities after collection and prior to estimation. Like all other errors, they can be random in nature, and inflate the variance of the survey's estimates, or systematic, and introduce bias. It is difficult to obtain direct measures of processing errors and their impact on data quality especially since they are mixed in with other types of errors (nonresponse, measurement and coverage).

4.2 Sampling errors

Sampling error is defined as the error that results from estimating a population characteristic by measuring a portion of the population rather than the entire population. For probability sample surveys, methods exist to calculate sampling error. These methods derive directly from the sample design and method of estimation used by the survey.

The most commonly used measure to quantify sampling error is sampling variance. Sampling variance measures the extent to which the estimate of a characteristic from different possible samples of the same size and the same design differ from one another. For sample designs that use probability sampling, the magnitude of an estimate's sampling variance can be estimated.

Factors affecting the magnitude of the sampling variance for a given sample size include:

1. The variability of the characteristic of interest in the population: the more variable the characteristic in the population, the larger the sampling variance.
2. The size of the population: in general, the size of the population only has an impact on the sampling variance for small to moderate sized populations.
3. The response rate: the sampling variance increases as the sample size decreases. Since non-respondents effectively decrease the size of the sample, nonresponse increases the sampling variance.
4. The sample design and method of estimation: some sample designs are more efficient than others in the sense that, for the same sample size and method of estimation, one design can lead to smaller sampling variance than another.

The standard error of an estimator is the square root of its sampling variance. This measure is easier to interpret since it provides an indication of sampling error using the same scale as the estimate whereas the variance is based on squared differences.

The coefficient of variation (CV) is a relative measure of the sampling error. It is defined as the estimate of the standard error divided by the estimate itself, usually expressed as a percentage (10% instead of 0.1). It is very useful for measuring and comparing the sampling error of quantitative variables with large positive values. However, it is not recommended for estimates such as proportions, estimates of change or differences, and variables that can have negative values.

It is considered a best practice at Statistics Canada to report the sampling error of an estimate through its 95% confidence interval. The 95% confidence interval of an estimate means that if the survey were repeated over and over again, then 95% of the time (or 19 times out of 20), the confidence interval would cover the true population value.

5.0 Weighting

The principle behind estimation in a probability sample such as those of the CPSS, is that each person in the sample "represents", besides himself or herself, several other persons not in the sample. For example, in a simple random 2% sample of the population, each person in the sample represents 50 persons in the population. In the terminology used here, it can be said that each person has a weight of 50.

The weighting phase is a step that calculates, for each person, his or her associated sampling weight. This weight appears on the microdata file, and must be used to derive estimates representative of the target population from the survey. For example, if the number of individuals who smoke daily is to be estimated, it is done by selecting the records referring to those individuals in the sample having that characteristic and summing the weights entered on those records. The weighting phase is a step which calculates, for each record, what this number is. This section provides the details of the method used to calculate sampling weights for the CPSS2 – Monitoring the Effects of COVID-19.

The weighting of the sample for the CPSS2 – Monitoring the Effects of COVID-19 has multiple stages to reflect the stages of sampling, participation and response to get the final set of respondents. The following sections cover the weighting steps to first create the panel weights, then the weighting steps to create the survey weights for CPSS2 – Monitoring the Effects of COVID-19.

5.1 Creating the Panel Weights

Four consecutive rotate-out samples of households from the LFS were the starting point to form the panel sample of the CPSS. Since households selected from the LFS samples are the starting point, the household weights from the LFS are the first step to calculating the panel weights.

5.1.1 Household weights

Calculation of the Household Design Weights – HHLD_W0, HHLD_W1

The initial panel weights are the LFS subweights (SUBWT). These are the LFS design weights adjusted for nonresponse but not yet calibrated to population control totals. These weights form the household design weight for the panel survey (HHLD_W0).

Since only four rotate-outs were used, instead of the six used in a complete LFS sample, these weights were adjusted by a factor of 6/4 to be representative. The weights after this adjustment were called HHLD_W1.

Calibration of the Household Weights – HHLD_W2

Calibration is a step to ensure that the sum of weights within a certain domain match projected demographic totals. The SUBWT from the LFS are not calibrated, thus HHLD_W1 are also not calibrated. The next step is to make sure the household weights add up to the control totals by household size. Calibration was performed on HHLD_W1 to match control totals by province and household size using the size groupings of 1, 2, or 3+.

5.1.2 Person Panel weights

Calculate Person Design Weights – PERS_W0

One person aged 15 or older per household was selected for the CPSS – Sign-Up, the survey used to create the probability panel. The design person weight is obtained by multiplying HHLD_W2 by the number of eligible people in the dwelling (i.e. number of people aged 15 years and over).

Removal of Out of Scope Units – PERS_W1

Some units were identified as being out-of-scope during the CPSS – Sign-Up. These units were given a weight of PERS_W1 = 0. For all other units, PERS_W1 = PERS_W0. Persons with a weight of 0 are subsequently removed from future weight adjustments.

Nonresponse/Nonparticipation Adjustment – PERS_W2

During collection of the CPSS – Sign-Up, a certain proportion of sampled units inevitably resulted in nonresponse or nonparticipation in the panel. Weights of the nonresponding/nonparticipating units were redistributed to participating units. Units that did not participate in the panel had their weights redistributed to the participating units with similar characteristics within response homogeneity groups (RHGs).

Many variables from the LFS were available to build the RHG (such as employment status, education level, household composition) as well as information from the LFS collection process itself. The model was specified by province, as the variables chosen in the model could differ from one province to the other.

The following variables were kept in the final logistic regression model: education_lvl (education level variable with 10 categories), nameissueflag (a flag created to identify respondents not providing a valid name), elg_hhldsize (number of eligible people for selection in the household) and age_grp (age group of the selected person). RHGs were formed within provinces. An adjustment factor was calculated within each response group as follows:

$\frac{\text{Sum of weights of respondents and nonrespondents }}{\text{Sum of weights of respondents}}$

The weights of the respondents were multiplied by this factor to produce the PERS_W2 weights, adjusted for panel nonparticipation. The nonparticipating units were dropped from the panel.

5.2 Creating the CPSS2 weights

Surveys of the CPSS start with the sample created from the panel participants. The panel is comprised of 7,242 individuals, each with the nonresponse adjusted weight of PERS_W2.

Calculation of the Design Weights – WT_DSGN

The design weight is the person weight adjusted for nonresponse calculated for the panel participants (PERS_W2). No out-of-scope units were identified during the survey collection of CPSS2 – Monitoring the Effects of COVID-19. Since all units were in-scope, WT_DSGN =PERS_W2 and no units were dropped.

Nonresponse Adjustment – WT_NRA

Given that the sample for CPSS was formed by people having agreed to participate in a web panel, the response rates to the survey were relatively high. Additionally, the panel was designed to produce estimates at a national level, so sample sizes by province were not overly large. As a result, nonresponse was fairly uniform in many provinces. This resulted in having only one response homogeneity group (RHG) in each of Newfoundland, Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick. For the other provinces, the RHGs were formed by education level and/or age group. An adjustment factor was calculated within each response group as follows:

$\frac{\text{Sum of weights of respondents and nonrespondents }}{\text{Sum of weights of respondents}}$

The weights of the respondents were multiplied by this factor to produce the WT_NRA weights, adjusted for survey response. The nonresponding units were dropped from the survey.

Calibration of Person-Level Weights – WT_FINL

Control totals were computed using LFS demography projection data. During calibration, an adjustment factor is calculated and applied to the survey weights. This adjustment is made such that the weighted sums match the control totals. Most social surveys calibrate the person level weights to control totals by sex, age group and province. For CPSS2, calibration by province was not possible, since there were very few respondents in some categories in the Atlantic and Prairie Provinces. For this reason, the control totals used for CPSS2 – Monitoring the Effects of COVID-19 were by age group and sex by geographic region. The next section will include recommendations for analysis by geographic region.

5.3 Bootstrap Weights

Bootstrap weights were created for the panel and the CPSS2 – Monitoring the Effects of COVID-19 survey respondents. The LFS bootstrap weights were the initial weights and all weight adjustments applied to the survey weights were also applied to the bootstrap weights.

6.0 Quality of the CPSS and Survey Verifications

The probability panel created for the CPSS is a pilot project started in 2019 by Statistics Canada. While the panel offers the ability to collect data quickly, by leveraging a set of respondents that have previously agreed to participate in multiple short online surveys, and for whom an email address is available to expedite survey collection, some aspects of the CPSS design put the resulting data at a greater risk of bias. The participation rate to the panel is lower than typically experienced in social surveys conducted by Statistics Canada which increases the potential nonresponse bias. Furthermore, since the surveys of the CPSS are all self-complete online surveys, people without internet access do not have the means to participate in the CPSS and therefore are not covered.

When the unweighted panel was compared to the original sample targeted to join the panel, in particular there was an underrepresentation of those aged 15-24, those aged 65 and older, and those with less than a high school degree. These differences were expected due to the nature of the panel and the experience of international examples of probability panels. Using LFS responding households as the frame for the panel was by design in order to leverage the available LFS information to correct for the underrepresentation and overrepresentation experienced in the panel. The nonresponse adjustments performed in the weighting adjustments of the panel and the survey respondents utilised the available information to ensure the weights of nonresponding/nonparticipating units went to similar responding units. Furthermore, calibration to age and sex totals helped to adjust for the underrepresentation by age group.

Table 6.1 shows the slippage rates by certain domains post-calibration of CPSS2 – Monitoring the Effects of COVID-19. The slippage rate is calculated by comparing the sum of weights in the domain to that of the control total based off of demographic projections. A positive slippage rate means the sample has an over-count for that domain. A negative slippage rate means the survey has an under-count for that domain. Based on the results shown in Table 6.1, it is recommended to only use the data at the geographical levels where there is 0 slippage. That is nationally, and by geographic region (Maritime Provinces, Quebec, Ontario, Prairie Provinces, and British Columbia).

Table 6.1 Slippage rates by geographic region
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

Area	Domain	n	Slippage Rate
Geography	CanadaTable 6.1 Footnote 1	4600	0%
	Prince Edward Island	110	13.5%
	Newfoundland and Labrador	136	-5.4%
	Nova Scotia	267	-0.6%
	New Brunswick	207	1.7%
	Quebec	771	0%
	Ontario	1339	0%
	Manitoba	366	-0.4%
	Saskatchewan	312	4.0%
	Alberta	509	-0.9%
	British Columbia	583	0%
Footnote 1 Based on the 10 provinces; the territories are excluded Return to table 6.1 footnote 1 referrer

After the collection of CPSS2 – Monitoring the Effects of COVID-19, a small study was conducted to assess the potential bias due to the lower response rates and the undercoverage of the population not online. The LFS data was used to produce weighted estimates for the in-scope sample targeted to join the probability panel (using the weights and sample from PERS_W1). The same data was used to produce weighted estimates based on the set of respondents from the CPSS2 survey and the weights WT_FINL. The two set of estimates were compared and are shown in Table 6.2. The significant differences are highlighted.

Table 6.2 Changes in estimates due to nonparticipation in the CPSS and the COVID-19 survey
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

Subject	Recoded variables from 2019 LFS	Estimate for in-scope population (n=31,628)	Estimate for W2 of CPSS (n=4,600)	% Point Difference
Education	Less than High School	15.5%	14.0%	-1.4%
	High School no higher certification	25.9%	25.9%	-0.0%
	Post-secondary certification	58.6%	60.1%	1.4%
Labour Force Status	Employed	61.2%	62.9%	1.8%
	Unemployed	3.4%	3.5%	0.1%
	Not in Labour Force	35.3%	33.4%	-1.8%
Country of Birth	CanadaTable 6.2 Footnote 1	71.7%	76.0%	4.3%
Marital Status	Married/Common-lawTable 6.2 Footnote 1	60.4%	62.8%	2.4%
	Divorced, separated, widowedTable 6.2 Footnote 1	12.8%	10.2%	-2.6%
	Single, never married	26.9%	27.0%	0.2%
Kids	Presence of childrenTable 6.2 Footnote 1	31.7%	34.5%	2.8%
Household Size	Single person	14.4%	13.7%	-0.8%
	Two person HH	34.8%	35.9%	1.1%
	Three or more people	18.4%	19.6%	1.2%
Eligible people for panel	One eligible person aged 15+	15.9%	15.4%	-0.5%
	Two eligible peopleTable 6.2 Footnote 1	49.3%	51.6%	2.3%
	Three or more eligible people	34.8%	33.0%	-1.8%
Dwelling	Apartment	12.1%	11.1%	-1.0%
	RentedTable 6.2 Footnote 1	24.8%	21.3%	-3.5%
Footnote 1 Estimates that are significantly different at α= 5%. Return to first table 6.2 footnote 1 referrer

While many estimates do not show significant change, the significant differences show that some bias remains in the CPSS2 – Monitoring the Effects of COVID-19. There is an underrepresentation of those that are divorced/separated/widowed and those that rent. And there is an overrepresentation of people born in Canada, those that are married, those with kids in the household, and those where there were two eligible participants for the panel. These small differences should be kept in mind when using the CPSS2 – Monitoring the Effects of COVID-19 survey data. Investigation about differences in estimates is ongoing, and as evidence of differences are identified, strategies are being tested to improve the methodology from one wave of the survey to the next.

The road to AgZero (PDF, 816.94 KB)

Information for respondents

This information is collected under the authority of the Statistics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, Chapter S-19. Completion of this questionnaire is a legal requirement under this Act.

Survey purpose

This survey collects the financial and operating data which are essential to assure the availability of pertinent statistical information to monitor science and technology related activities in Canada and to support the development of science and technology policy. The data collected are used by federal and provincial science policy analysts and are also part of the gross domestic expenditures on research and development (GERD). Your information may also be used by Statistics Canada for other statistical and research purposes.

Fax or e-mail transmission disclosure

Statistics Canada advises you that there could be a risk of disclosure during the transmission of information by facsimile or e-mail. However, upon receipt, Statistics Canada will provide the guaranteed level of protection afforded all information collected under the authority of the Statistics Act.

Confidentiality

Statistics Canada is prohibited by law from releasing any information it collects which could identify any person, business, or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent or as permitted by the Statistics Act. Statistics Canada will use the information from this survey for statistical purposes.

Data sharing agreements

To reduce respondent burden, Statistics Canada has entered into data-sharing agreements with provincial and territorial statistical agencies and other government organizations, which have agreed to keep the data confidential and use them only for statistical purposes.

Information on data-sharing agreements and record linkages can be found at the end of this questionnaire.

Authority to publish

I hereby authorize Statistics Canada to disclose any or all portions of the data supplied on this questionnaire that could identify this department after the tabling of the forecast year Main Estimates.

• Yes
• No

Respondent Information

• Name of person authorized to sign
• Signature
• Official position
• Program
• Department or agency
• E-mail address
• Telephone number

Enquiries to be directed to:

• Name
• Date
• Position title
• Telephone number
• E-mail address
• Fax number

Question 1A. Expenditures by activity and performer - fiscal year A (reference year)

Please indicate expenditures (measured in thousands of Canadian dollars) by activity and/or performer.

In this question both intramural and extramural expenditures are requested for research and development (R&D) and for related scientific activities (RSA). Extramural expenditures are allocated to the following sectors: business enterprise, higher education, Canadian non-profit institutions, Provincial and municipal governments, and foreign performers.

Definitions of natural sciences and engineering, scientific and technological (S&T) activities, R&D, RSA and Extramural performers can be found in the Respondent Guide following the survey questions.

Activity and/or performer are requested for the following categories:

I. Research and experimental development (R&D) - Current expenditures

1. In-house R&D
2. R&D contracts
3. R&D grants and contributions
4. Research fellowships
5. Administration of extramural programs
6. Capital expenditures

II. Related scientific activities (RSA) - Current expenditures

7. In-house RSA
8. RSA contracts
9. RSA grants and contributions
10. Administration of extramural programs
11. Capital expenditures

Question 1B. Expenditures by activity and performer – fiscal year B (planned expenditures)

Please indicate expenditures (measured in thousands of Canadian dollars) by activity and/or performer.

In this question both intramural and extramural expenditures are requested for research and development (R&D) and for related scientific activities (RSA). Extramural expenditures are allocated to the following sectors: business enterprise, higher education, Canadian non-profit institutions, Provincial and municipal governments, and foreign performers.

Activity and/or performer are requested for the following categories:

I. Research and experimental development (R&D) - Current expenditures

1. In-house R&D
2. R&D contracts
3. R&D grants and contributions
4. Research fellowships
5. Administration of extramural programs
6. Capital expenditures

II. Related scientific activities (RSA) - Current expenditures

7. In-house RSA
8. RSA contracts
9. RSA grants and contributions
10. Administration of extramural programs
11. Capital expenditures

Question 1C. Expenditures by activity and performer – fiscal year C (intentions)

Please indicate expenditures (measured in thousands of Canadian dollars) by activity and/or performer.

In this question both intramural and extramural expenditures are requested for research and development (R&D) and for related scientific activities (RSA). Extramural expenditures are allocated to the following sectors: business enterprise, higher education, Canadian non-profit institutions, Provincial and municipal governments, and foreign performers.

Activity and/or performer are requested for the following categories:

I. Research and experimental development (R&D) - Current expenditures

1. In-house R&D
2. R&D contracts
3. R&D grants and contributions
4. Research fellowships
5. Administration of extramural programs
6. Capital expenditures

II. Related scientific activities (RSA) - Current expenditures

7. In-house RSA
8. RSA contracts
9. RSA grants and contributions
10. Administration of extramural programs
11. Capital expenditures

Question 2A. Personnel in full-time equivalent for intramural scientific and technological activities in the social sciences, humanities and the arts, fiscal year A (reference year)

Please indicate personnel, measured in full-time equivalents, engaged in R&D, RSA, or in the administration of extramural R&D and/or RSA programs for the following categories:

• Scientific and professional (include executive)
• Technical
• Other

Note that definitions of full-time equivalents and personnel categories are located in the Respondent Guide following the survey questions.

Question 2B. Personnel in full-time equivalent for intramural scientific and technological activities in the social sciences, humanities and the arts, fiscal year B (planned)

Please indicate personnel, measured in full-time equivalents, engaged in R&D, RSA, or in the administration of extramural R&D and/or RSA programs for the following categories:

• Scientific and professional (include executive)
• Technical
• Other

Question 2C. Personnel in full-time equivalent for intramural scientific and technological activities in the social sciences, humanities and the arts, fiscal year C (intentions)

Please indicate personnel, measured in full-time equivalents, engaged in R&D, RSA, or in the administration of extramural R&D and/or RSA programs for the following categories:

• Scientific and professional (include executive)
• Technical
• Other

Question 3A (i). Transfers for social sciences, humanities and the arts activities – fiscal year A (reference year)

In this question, transfers for science and technology (S&T) expenditures (measured in thousands of Canadian dollars) are requested – note that the sum of R&D and RSA represents the total S&T. Two types of transfers are requested: "Into" the program (dollar amounts originating from other federal department or agencies) and "From" the program (dollar amounts toward other federal department or agencies).

Question 3A (ii). Sources of funds for total scientific and technological activities in the social sciences, humanities and the arts, fiscal years A, B and C

Please indicate the sources of funds by year from the following:

1. Departmental S&T budget (operating and capital and grants and contributions)
2. Revenues to / from other federal departments
   1. Total transferred into this program
   2. Total transferred from this program
3. Provincial government departments
4. Business enterprises
5. Other (please specify)

Question 4. Scientific and technological expenditures by socio-economic objective - fiscal year A (reference year)

Please categorize S&T expenditures by socio-economic objective (measured in thousands of Canadian dollars), for both Intramural and Extramural performers and by R&D and RSA. The total must equal the total expenditures in question 1A.

Socio-economic objectives are divided into the following 12 categories:

1. Exploration and exploitation of the Earth
2. Environment
3. Exploration and exploitation of space
4. Transport, telecommunication and other infrastructures
5. Energy
6. Industrial production and technology
7. Health
8. Agriculture (include forestry and fisheries)
9. Education
10. Culture, recreation, religion and mass media
11. Political and social systems, structures and processes
12. Defence

Question 5. Expenditures and personnel of scientific and technological establishments engaged in activities in the social sciences, humanities and the arts, fiscal year A (reference year)

In this question, expenditures (measured in thousands of Canadian dollars) and personnel data (measured in full-time equivalents) are requested for intramural R&D and RSA by Canadian regions. Intramural expenditures are separated into current and capital. Personnel is separated into scientific and professional and total.

Sums must equal total intramural expenditures and personnel of questions 1A and 2A (reference year).

Payments to extramural performers for scientific activities -Annex to Question 1A (reference year) – Detailed Extramural listing

Departments and agencies of the federal government are asked to identify the extramural payment (payments made outside of the federal government administration) recipients for scientific activities.

We are requesting a detailed listing of the recipients of federal payments made in connection with a scientific activity.

Expenditures reported on this submission should be equal to the extramural expenditures declared in question 1A, by sector and activity, reported on the current Federal science expenditures and personnel (FSEP) questionnaire.

Please provide us with a list of science payments, including:

1. Name and address of the organization or individual receiving the payment;
2. Field of science: social or natural;
3. Type of payment: contract or grant/contribution;
4. Activity carried out by the performer: research and experimental development (R&D) or related scientific activity (RSA);
5. Performing sectors include business enterprise (BE), higher education (HE), Canadian non-profit institutions (NP), provincial and municipal governments (GO) and foreign performers (FP);
6. Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars;
7. Business number

Note: the purchase of goods and services to support in-house R&D or RSA are to be treated as an in-house intramural expenditure.

Some Guidelines:

(1) Support or service contracts

Support or service contracts should not be included with extramural payments. They are defined as contracts to an outside institution or individual to provide goods or services necessary to support in-house R&D programs and should be reported as an in-house R&D or in-house RSA expenditure in this questionnaire. Examples are contracts with data processing firms for computing services, maintenance contracts for R&D facilities, or procurement contracts for specialized equipment which is not considered capital.

(2) Discrepancies

Reasons for significant fluctuations in expenditures or personnel between the years reported for this survey are requested to be explained in the 'change report'. Also written explanation is requested if the reference year data is significantly different from what was reported in the previous Federal Science Expenditure and Personnel survey.

Please forward the completed questionnaire and listing of extramural performers through the Electronic File Transfer service (EFT)

For further inquiries:
Phone Number: toll free at 1-888-659-8229
Fax number: toll free at 1-800-755-5514
E-mail: statcan.fsepsurv-enqdmsf.statcan@statcan.gc.ca

Your participation is greatly appreciated and will contribute to providing useful information on federal S&T expenditures. You will be able to access the results through "The Daily" and Tables 27-10- 0005-01 to 27-10-0014-01 and Tables 27-10-0026-01 to 27-10- 0029-01 on Statistics Canada's web site. The data will also be available on Science.gc.ca.

Thank you for your co-operation

End of questionnaire

Respondent Guide

Introduction

This introduction is intended to provide an overview of the process of collecting science expenditure data; definitions of and explanatory notes on natural sciences and engineering, social sciences, humanities and the arts, scientific and technological activities, performance sectors, and other terms used are given in subsequent sections.

The collection of science expenditure data is organized by the Investment, Science and Technology Division (ISTD) of Statistics Canada. This exercise was formerly conducted under the aegis of the Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat but is now solely a Statistics Canada survey.

Collection is undertaken to gather essential data describing the recent, current and proposed state of the federal resources allocated to science. Federal science expenditures data are provided to Innovation, Science and economic Development Canada who in turn use the data in the development of advice to the Assistant Deputy Ministers' Steering Committee on the Management of S&T, their Minister and the Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat, as well as in policy development and in monitoring the implementation of science policies. Statistics Canada maintains historical expenditure series in natural sciences and engineering dating back to 1963 and to 1971 in the social sciences, humanities and the arts. These data are available through the Investment, Science and Technology Division (ISTD) or through special requests.

The basic reporting unit is the budgetary program of a department or agency. Each budgetary program forms the subject of separate scientific expenditure reports for the natural and for the social science activities within it. Both the program and the program activities within it may be scientific in whole or in part only. Only expenditures on the scientific components of a program or its activity are reported. In some programs it will be difficult to distinguish between the natural and social sciences. However, some allocation must be made and in determining this allocation, the dominant orientation of the projects and the area of expertise of the personnel involved must be considered. Detailed definitions are given lower.

On the questionnaires, the identified expenditures are looked at from several different viewpoints and in various subdivisions. Expenditures on research and development (R&D) and related scientific activities (RSA) are subdivided to provide an indication of the "what" of a department's scientific effort. Expenditures in each category of scientific activity are further subdivided into "current" and "capital" segments. Current expenditures are additionally subdivided by sector, to indicate the "where" and "by whom" the activity is performed (e.g., in business enterprise, in higher education).

The human resources allocated to scientific activities are summarized in terms of the involved categories of personnel (scientific and professional, technical, etc.) and the principal focus of their efforts (R&D, RSA and, administration of extramural programs).

When completed, checked for consistency with previous reports, entered into the database and totaled along the various dimensions, these data provide snapshots of the federal resources allocated to science, supporting not only the work of central agencies but also the submissions of departments and agencies requesting resources.

General

This guide consists of definitions/explanations for terms used in the questionnaire.

The social sciences, humanities and the arts consists of disciplines involving the study of human actions and conditions and the social, economic and institutional mechanisms affecting humans. Included are such disciplines as arts, economics and business, education, history and archeology, law, language and linguistics, media and communications, philosophy, ethics and religion, psychology and cognitive sciences, social and economic geography and, sociology.

The natural sciences and engineering consist of disciplines concerned with understanding, exploring, developing or utilizing the natural world. Included are the engineering and technology, mathematical, computer and information sciences, physical sciences, medical and health science, and agricultural sciences, veterinary sciences and forestry.

1. Expenditures by activity and performer

The questionnaire covers three consecutive fiscal years and the headings of all three are identical. One set of definitions/explanations therefore suffices.

Actual and planned expenditures on scientific and technological activities are to be classified according to the type of scientific activity and the performance sector in which the activities were or will be conducted.

Scientific and technological (S&T) activities can be defined as all systematic activities which are closely concerned with the generation, advancement, dissemination and application of scientific and technical knowledge in all fields of science and technology, that is, the natural sciences and engineering, and the social sciences, humanities and the arts. The central activity is scientific research and experimental development (R&D). In addition there are a number of activities closely related to R&D, and are termed related scientific activities (RSA). Those identified as being appropriate for the federal government in the natural sciences and engineering are: scientific data collection, information services, special services and studies and education support.

The performer is equivalent to the sector in which the scientific activity is conducted. The basic distinction is between intramural and extramural performance. Extramural payments are classified on the basis of the performance sectors to which they are made. The appropriate extramural performers are business enterprise, higher education, Canadian non-profit institutions, provincial and municipal governments, and foreign performers.

I. Performers

Intramural activities include all current expenditures incurred for scientific activities carried out by in-house personnel of units assigned to the program; the related gross fixed capital expenditures (acquisition of land, buildings, machinery and equipment for scientific activities); the administration of scientific activities by program employees; and the purchase of goods and services to support in-house scientific activities (include royalties or licences for the use of patents and other intellectual property rights, the lease of capital goods (machinery and equipment, etc.) and the rental of buildings to support scientific activities performed by the statistical unit in the reference year).

The intramural expenditures reported for scientific activities are those direct costs, including salaries, associated with scientific programs. The costs should include that portion of a program's contribution to employee benefit plans (e.g., superannuation and compensation) which is applicable to the scientific personnel within the program. The summation of intramural R&D activity is synonymous with the performance of R&D for the entire economy (GERD).

Extramural performers are groups being funded by the federal government sector for S&T activities. In this survey the extramural performers include:

Business enterprise – business and government enterprises including public utilities and government-owned firms. Both financial and non-financial corporations are included. Incorporated consultants or unincorporated individuals providing scientific and engineering services are also included. Industrial research institutes located at Canadian universities are considered to be in the higher education sector.

Higher education – comprises all universities, colleges of technology and other institutes of post-secondary education, whatever their source of finance or legal status. It also includes teaching hospitals (non-teaching hospitals are in the Canadian non-profit sector) all research institutes, centers, experimental stations and clinics that have their scientific activities under the direct control of, or administered by, or associated with, the higher education establishments.

Canadian non-profit institutions – charitable foundations, voluntary health organizations, scientific and professional societies, non-teaching hospitals (teaching hospitals are in the higher education sector) and other organizations not established to earn profits. Non-profit institutions primarily serving or controlled by another sector should be included in the controlling sector.

Provincial and municipal governments – departments and agencies of these governments as well as provincial research organizations. Government enterprises, such as provincial utilities are included in the business enterprise sector, and non-teaching hospitals in the Canadian non-profit institutions sector.

Foreign performers – all foreign government agencies, foreign companies (including foreign subsidiaries of Canadian firms), international organizations, non-resident foreign nationals and Canadians studying or teaching abroad.

II. Research and experimental development

Research and experimental development (R&D) – comprises creative and systematic work undertaken in order to increase the stock of knowledge – including knowledge of humankind, culture and society – and to devise new applications of available knowledge.

R&D activities may be aimed at achieving either specific or general objectives. R&D is always aimed at new findings, based on original concepts (and their interpretation) or hypotheses. It is largely uncertain about its final outcome (or at least about the quantity of time and resources needed to achieve it), it is planned for and budgeted (even when carried out by individuals), and it is aimed at producing results that could be either freely transferred or traded in a marketplace.

For an activity to be an R&D activity, it must satisfy five core criteria:

1. To be aimed at new findings (novel);
2. To be based on original, not obvious, concepts and hypothesis (creative);
3. To be uncertain about the final outcome (uncertainty);
4. To be planned and budgeted (systematic);
5. To lead to results that could be possibly reproduced (transferable/or reproducible).

Examples of R&D:

• A review of theories on the factors determining regional disparities in economic growth.
• Understanding the fundamental dynamics of spatial interactions.
• Comparative evaluations of national education programs aimed at reducing the learning gap experienced by disadvantaged communities.
• Research studies analyzing the spatial-temporal patterns in the transmission and diffusion of an infectious disease outbreak.

Both "research" and "development" are often used with different meanings in the government. For example, it is increasingly common to hear that a person is "researching" something (i.e. the person is looking for information about something). Similarly, there are many units with either "research" or "development" or both terms in their titles which are concerned primarily with information gathering, speech writing and preparation of position papers. These should be excluded from the scientific activity of R&D. On the other hand, a case study on unemployment in a specific region, if applying original techniques in interviewing survey respondents could include such data collection in its R&D effort.

From a broad perspective, to the extent that the social sciences are using empirical data, the same guidelines have to be applied as for the natural sciences (although excluding the testing of their results on an experimental basis).

Many social scientists perform work in which they bring the established methodologies and facts of the social sciences and humanities to bear upon a particular problem, but which cannot be classified as research. The following are examples of work which might be included in this category and are not R&D: interpretative commentary on the probable economic effects of a change in the tax structure using existing economic data; forecasting future changes in the pattern of the demand for social services within a given area arising from an altered demographic structure; operations research as a contribution to decision-making, e.g. planning the optimal distribution system for a factory; the use of standard techniques in applied psychology to select and classify industrial and military personnel, students, etc., and to test children with reading or other disabilities.

Item 1. In-house R&D – R&D performed by personnel of the reporting program. It may include R&D carried out on behalf of another program or federal government department.

In-house R&D activities include all current expenditures incurred for scientific activities carried out by in-house personnel of units assigned to the program, the purchase of goods and services to support in-house scientific activities (include royalties or licences for the use of patents and other intellectual property rights, and the rental of buildings to support scientific activities performed by the statistical unit in the reference year). Also include expenses of persons who provide ancillary services such as security, cleaning and maintenance work, finance and administration that are related and proportional to the R&D being conducted. However, the personnel providing these services are not to be included in the in-house personnel counts (see Section 2. Personnel).

Include the costs of self-employed individuals, consultants and researchers not employed by the statistical unit's R&D activities, who are working on-site on the departments' R&D projects.

The intramural expenditures reported to R&D are those direct costs, including salaries, associated with scientific programs. The cost should include that portion of a program's contribution to employee benefit plans (e.g., superannuation and compensation) which is applicable to the scientific personnel within the program.

Item 2. R&D contracts – R&D contracts to an outside institution or individual to fund R&D performed by the institution or individual. The criterion is: would the performer report the R&D contract as in-house (intramural) R&D that is government-funded? If the answer is yes the activity would be an R&D contract. If no, and the funding is to provide goods and services necessary to support the in-house R&D of the federal government it should be reported as In-house R&D (Item 1).

Contracts to other federal government departments should be reported as a transfer of funds in question 3A (i) and 3A (ii) of the questionnaire.

Item 3. R&D grants and contributions – awards to organizations or individuals for the conduct of R&D and intended to benefit the recipients rather than provide the program with goods, services or information. These funds are normally identical to that portion of the budgetary "grants and contributions" line object of expenditure which is devoted to R&D activities.

Item 4. Research fellowships – awards to individuals for advanced research training and experience. Awards intended primarily to support the education of the recipients should be reported as "education support".

Item 5. Administration of extramural programs – the costs of identifiable units engaged in the administration of contracts and grants and contributions for scientific activities that are to be performed outside the federal government. These expenditures should be broken down by the type of scientific activity supported, i.e. R&D or RSA.

Item 6. Capital expenditures – the annual gross amount paid for the acquisition of fixed assets that are used repeatedly or continuously in the performance of scientific activities for more than one year. They should be reported in full for the period when they took place, whether acquired or developed in house, and should not be registered as an element of depreciation.

The most relevant types of assets used for capital expenditures are:

• Land and buildings
• Machinery and equipment
• Capitalized computer software
• Other intellectual property products

III. Related scientific activities

Related scientific activities (RSA) are all systematic activities which are closely concerned with the generation, advancement, dissemination and application of scientific and technological knowledge. The types of related scientific activities for the natural sciences and engineering are described below.

General purpose data collection – the routine gathering, processing, collating and analyzing and publication of information on human phenomena using surveys, regular and special investigations and compilations of existing records. It excludes data collected primarily for internal administrative purposes (e.g. departmental personnel statistics) as well as the collection of data as part of an R&D project.

Data collected as part of an existing or proposed research project are charged to research. Similarly, the costs of analyzing existing data as part of a research project are R&D costs, even when the data were originally collected for some other purpose. The development of new techniques for data collection is also to be considered a research activity. The institutions involved are generally the statistical bureaus of Canadian governments and the statistical sections of departments and agencies. If there are units whose principal activity is R&D, their costs and personnel should be assigned to R&D; specialized libraries with separate budgets should be assigned to information services.

Information services – all work directed to collecting, coding, analyzing, evaluating, recording, classifying, translating and disseminating scientific and technological information as well as museum services. Included are the operations of scientific and technical libraries, S&T consulting and advisory services, the Patent Office, the publication of scientific journals and monographs, and the organizing of scientific conferences. Grants for the publication of scholarly works are also included.

General purpose information services or information services directed primarily towards the general public are excluded, as are general departmental and public libraries. When individual budgets exist, the costs of libraries which belong to institutions otherwise entirely classified to another activity, such as R&D, should be assigned to information services. The costs of printing and distributing reports from another activity, such as R&D, are normally attributed to that activity.

Sub category under Information services:

Museum services – the collecting, cataloguing and displaying of specimens of the natural world or of representations of natural phenomena. The activity involves a systematic attempt to preserve and display items from the natural world; in some ways it could be considered an extension of information services. The scientific activities of natural history museums, zoological and botanical gardens, aquaria, planetaria and nature reserves are included. Parks which are not primarily restricted reserves for certain fauna or flora are excluded. In all cases the costs of providing entertainment and recreation to visitors should be excluded (e.g. restaurants, children's gardens and museums).

When a museum also covers not only natural history but also aspects of human cultural activities, the museum's resources should be appropriated between the natural and social sciences. However, museums of science and technology, war, etc., which display synthetic or artificial objects and may also illustrate the operations of certain technologies, should be considered as engaged in museum services in social sciences.

Special services and studies – work directed towards the establishment of national and provincial standards for materials, devices, products and processes; the calibration of secondary standards; non-routine quality testing; feasibility studies and demonstration projects.

Sub categories under Special services and studies include:

Economic and feasibility studies – the investigation of the socio-economic characteristics and implications of specific situations. In the social sciences, feasibility studies are investigations of the socio-economic characteristics and implications of specific situations (e.g. a study of the variability of a petrochemical complex in a certain region). note that feasibility studies on research projects are part of R&D.

Operations and policy-related studies – covers a range of activities, such as the analysis and assessment of the existing programs, policies and operations of government departments and other in institutions; the work of units concerned with the continuing analysis and monitoring of external phenomena (e.g. defence and security analysis); and the work of legislative commissions of inquiry concerned with general government or departmental policy or operations.

Any activity aimed at providing close support to policy actions, as well as to legislative activity, should be included as a related scientific activity (RSA). This includes policy advice and relations with the media, legal advice, public relations or even technical support for the administrative activity (e.g. accounting).

Research activities aimed at providing the decision makers with a thorough knowledge of social, economic or natural phenomena have to be included in R&D. These R&D activities are usually performed by skilled personnel – researchers – in small teams of experts and consultants and meet the standard academic criteria for scientific work (in addition to the R&D criteria).

Education support – grants to individuals or institutions on behalf of individuals which are intended to support the post-secondary education of students in technology and the natural sciences. General operating or capital grants are excluded. The activity includes the support of foreign students in their studies of the natural sciences at Canadian or foreign institutions. Grants intended primarily to support the research of individuals at universities are either R&D grants or research fellowships.

Awards intended primarily to support the education of the recipients should be reported as "education support".

Item 7. In-house RSA – RSA performed by personnel of the reporting program. It may include RSA carried out on behalf of another program or federal government department.

In-house RSA activities include all current expenditures incurred for scientific activities carried out by in-house personnel of units assigned to the program; the purchase of goods and services to support in-house scientific activities (include royalties or licences for the use of patents and other intellectual property rights, and the rental of buildings to support scientific activities performed by the statistical unit in the reference year). Also include expenses of persons who provide ancillary services such as security, cleaning and maintenance work, finance and administration that are proportional to the RSA being conducted. However, the personnel providing these services are not to be included in the in-house personnel counts (see Section 2. Personnel).

The intramural expenditures reported to RSA are those direct costs, including salaries, associated with scientific programs. The cost should include that portion of a program's contribution to employee benefit plans (e.g., superannuation and compensation) which is applicable to the scientific personnel within the program. Also include the costs of self-employed individuals, consultants and researchers who are working on-site on the departments' RSA projects.

Item 8. RSA contracts – contracts to an outside institution or individual to fund RSA performed by the institution or individual. The criterion is: would the performer report the RSA contract as in-house (intramural) RSA that is government-funded? If the answer is yes the activity would be an RSA contract. If no, and the funding is for the purchase goods and services to support the in-house RSA of the federal government department, it should be reported as In-house RSA (Item 7).

Contracts to other federal government departments should be reported as a transfer of funds in question 3A (i) and 3A (ii) of the questionnaire.

Item 9. RSA grants and contributions – awards to organizations or individuals for the conduct of RSA and intended to benefit the recipients rather than provide the program with goods, services or information. These funds are normally identical to that portion of the budgetary "grants and contributions" line object of expenditure which is devoted to RSA.

Item 10. Administration of extramural programs – the costs of identifiable units engaged in the administration of contracts and grants and contributions for scientific activities that are to be performed outside the federal government. These expenditures should be broken down by the type of scientific activity supported, i.e. R&D or RSA.

Item 11. Capital expenditures – the annual gross amount paid for the acquisition of fixed assets that are used repeatedly or continuously in the performance of scientific activities for more than one year. They should be reported in full for the period when they took place, whether acquired or developed in house, and should not be registered as an element of depreciation.

The most relevant types of assets used for capital expenditures are:

• Land and buildings
• Machinery and equipment
• Capitalized computer software
• Other intellectual property products

2. Personnel

Personnel data are collected for intramural scientific activities only. A head count of personnel working on intramural scientific activities is not requested, rather the amount of time a worker dedicates to scientific and technological activities during a specific reference period as a percentage of the total number of hours conventionally worked in the same period. This is noted as full-time equivalent research and development personnel or full-time equivalent related scientific activity personnel. For example, an employee who is engaged in scientific activities for half a year has a full-time equivalence of 0.5. Personnel data reported should be consistent with expenditure data.

Most intramural scientific activities are performed primarily by persons employed by the department or agency. Extramural personnel contributing directly to the intramural scientific activities of the department or agency that are located on site should also be included in the personnel counts.

Not all of the personnel contributing to or facilitating the performance of scientific activities are to be included in the personnel totals. Individuals undertaking indirect support or ancillary activities are excluded. For example specific services to R&D or RSA provided by central computer department and libraries; services by central finance and human resources departments dealing with R&D or RSA projects; provision of services for security, cleaning, maintenance, canteens, etc. to R&D or RSA performing units. These services are not included in the intramural scientific activities personnel totals, however their related costs should be included with in-house expenditures.

Scientific and professional – researchers and professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge. They conduct research and improve or develop concepts, theories, models, techniques instrumentation, software or operational methods. They require at least one academic degree or nationally recognized professional qualification, as well as those with equivalent experience.

Technical – technicians and equivalent staff are persons whose main tasks require technical knowledge and experience in one or more fields of engineering, the physical and life sciences, or the social sciences, humanities and the arts. They perform scientific and technical tasks involving the application of concepts and operational methods and the use of research equipment, normally under the supervision of researchers.

Other – other supporting staff include skilled and unskilled craftsmen, and administrative, secretarial and clerical staff participating in science and technology projects or directly associated with such projects.

3A (i). Transfers for social sciences, humanities and the arts activities

Include payments or recipients for contracts, transfers and joint programs from/to other federal government departments. Please identify the amount and names of the origination and recipient programs.

3A (ii). Sources of funds for total scientific and technological activities

This question identifies the sources of funds for expenditures on scientific activities reported for all three years. It will help to ensure that work funded from outside the department is not overlooked.

Departmental S&T budget – that portion of the total departmental budget which was spent on natural science and engineering activities.

Revenues to / from other federal departments – money transferred from this program to another federal department or money transferred into this program from another federal department for activities in the natural sciences and engineering.

Provincial government departments – all funds from the provincial government used for natural science and engineering activities. The funds are referred to as payments, contributions, transfers, etc. Also include provincial portions of federal-provincial cost sharing programs performed by the department program.

Business enterprises – all funds from business enterprises used for natural science and engineering activities performed by the department.

Other – all funds for natural sciences and engineering activities from other sources not specified above.

4. Scientific and technological expenditures by socio-economic objectives

Socio-economic objectives allow departments to classify their S&T resource allocations according to the purpose for which the expenditure is intended. In many cases, projects have multiple objectives and a department should assign its expenditures consistent with the stated objectives of the department. Care must be taken to avoid "double counting".

The objectives are based on the European Union classification adopted by Eurostat for the Nomenclature for the Analysis and Comparison of Scientific Programmes and Budgets (NABS) at the one-digit level.

1. Exploration and exploitation of the Earth

Exploration and exploitation of the Earth - covers scientific activities with objectives related to the exploration of the Earth's crust and mantle, seas, oceans and atmosphere, as well as for scientific activities on their exploitation. It also includes climatic and meteorological research, polar exploration and hydrology. It does not include scientific activities related to soil improvement (objective 4), land use or fishing (objective 8), or pollution (objective 2).

2. Environment

Environment - covers scientific activities aimed at improving the control of pollution, including the identification and analysis of the sources of pollution and their causes, and all pollutants, including their dispersal in the environment and the effects on humans, species (fauna, flora, micro-organisms) and the biosphere.

The development of monitoring facilities for the measurement of all kinds of pollution is included, as is scientific activities for the elimination and prevention of all forms of pollution in all types of environment.

3. Exploration and exploitation of space

Exploration and exploitation of space - covers all civil space scientific activities relating to the scientific exploration of space, space laboratories, space travel and launch systems. Although civil space scientific activities is not in general concerned with particular objectives, it frequently has a specific goal, such as the advancement of knowledge (e.g. astronomy) or relates to particular applications (e.g. telecommunications satellites or earth observation). This chapter does not include corresponding scientific activities for defence purposes.

4. Transport, telecommunication and other infrastructures

Transport, telecommunication and other infrastructures - covers scientific activities aimed at infrastructure and land development, including the construction of buildings. More generally, this objective covers all scientific activities relating to the general planning of land use. This includes scientific activities into protection against harmful effects in town and country planning but not research into other types of pollution (objective 2). This objective also includes scientific activities related to transport systems; telecommunication systems; general planning of land use; the construction and planning of buildings; civil engineering; and water supply.

5. Energy

Energy - covers scientific activities aimed at improving the production, storage, transportation, distribution and rational use of all forms of energy. It also includes scientific activities on processes designed to increase the efficiency of energy production and distribution, and the study of energy conservation. It does not include scientific activities related to prospecting (objective 1) or scientific activities into vehicle and engine propulsion (objective 6).

6. Industrial production and technology

Industrial production and technology - covers scientific activities aimed at the improvement of industrial production and technology, including scientific activities on industrial products and their manufacturing processes, except where they form an integral part of the pursuit of other objectives (e.g. defence, space, energy, agriculture).

7. Health

Health - covers scientific activities aimed at protecting, promoting and restoring human health broadly interpreted to include health aspects of nutrition and food hygiene. It ranges from preventive medicine, including all aspects of medical and surgical treatment, both for individuals and groups, and the provision of hospital and home care, to social medicine and paediatric and geriatric research.

8. Agriculture (include forestry and fisheries)

Agriculture - covers all scientific activities aimed at the promotion of agriculture, forestry, fisheries and foodstuff production, or furthering knowledge on chemical fertilisers, biocides, biological pest control and the mechanisation of agriculture, as well as concerning the impact of agricultural and forestry activities on the environment. This also covers scientific activities aimed at improving food productivity and technology. It does not include the development of rural areas; on the construction and planning of buildings; on the improvement of rural rest and recreation amenities and agricultural water supply (objective 4); on energy measures (objective 5); or on the food industry (objective 6).

9. Education

Education - includes scientific activities aimed at supporting general or special education, including training, pedagogy, didactics, and targeted methods for specially gifted persons or those with learning disabilities. This objective applies to all levels of education, from pre- and primary school through to tertiary education, as well as to subsidiary services to education.

10. Culture, recreation, religion and mass media

Culture, recreation, religion and mass media - includes scientific activities aimed at improving the understanding of social phenomena related to cultural activities, religion and leisure activities so as to define their impact on life in society, as well as to racial and cultural integration and on socio-cultural changes in these areas. The concept of "culture" covers the sociology of science, religion, art, sport and leisure, and also comprises inter alia scientific activities on the media, the mastery of language and social integration, libraries, archives and external cultural policy.

This objective also includes scientific activities related to: recreational and sporting services; cultural services; broadcasting and publishing services; and religious and other community services.

11. Political and social systems, structures and processes

Political and social systems, structures and processes - includes scientific activities aimed at improving the understanding of and supporting the political structure of society; public administration issues and economic policy; regional studies and multi-level governance; social change, social processes and social conflicts; the development of social security and social assistance systems; and the social aspects of the organisation of work. This objective also includes scientific activities related to gender-related social studies, including discrimination and familiar problems; the development of methods of combating poverty at local, national and international level; the protection of specific population categories on the social level (immigrants, delinquents, "drop outs", etc.), on the sociological level, i.e. with regard to their way of life (young people, adults, retired people, disabled people, etc.) and on the economic level (consumers, farmers, fishermen, miners, the unemployed, etc.); and methods of providing social assistance when sudden changes (natural, technological or social) occur in society.

This objective does not include scientific activities related to industrial health, the health control of communities from the organisational and socio-medical point of view, pollution at the place of work, the prevention of industrial accidents and the medical aspects of the causes of industrial accidents (objective 7).

12. Defence

Defence - covers scientific activities for military purposes. It may also include basic research and nuclear and space research when financed by ministries of defence. Civil research financed by ministries of defence, for example in the fields of meteorology, telecommunications and health, should be classified in the relevant objectives.

5. Expenditures and personnel of scientific and technological establishment engaged in activities in the social sciences, humanities and the arts, by region

Since 1978, Statistics Canada has been collecting detailed expenditure and person year data on intramural scientific activities of federal government departments and agencies by region. These data, coupled with data from other surveys, have been used by policy planners in federal and provincial governments, research managers and the media to assess the provincial distribution of science activities in Canada.

We are asking for the information at the regional level. We are also asking for information in both natural science and engineering establishments as well as those performing activities in the social sciences, humanities and the arts, as international gross domestic expenditures on research and development (GERD) statistics include activities in both science fields.

The Canada total expenditures and personnel reported for the actual year must be consistent with data reported on intramural expenditures in question 1A, and total personnel in question 2A.

General information

Data-sharing agreements

To reduce respondent burden, Statistics Canada has entered into data-sharing agreements with provincial and territorial statistical agencies and other government organizations, which have agreed to keep the data confidential and use them only for statistical purposes. Statistics Canada will only share data from this survey with those organizations that have demonstrated a requirement to use the data.

Section 11 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with provincial and territorial statistical agencies that meet certain conditions. These agencies must have the legislative authority to collect the same information, on a mandatory basis, and the legislation must provide substantially the same provisions for confidentiality and penalties for disclosure of confidential information as the Statistics Act. Because these agencies have the legal authority to compel businesses to provide the same information, consent is not requested and businesses may not object to the sharing of the data.

For this survey, there are Section 11 agreements with the provincial and territorial statistical agencies of Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia, and the Yukon.

The shared data will be limited to information pertaining to federal departments and agencies located within the jurisdiction of the respective province or territory.

Section 12 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with federal, provincial or territorial government organizations. Under section 12, you may refuse to share your information with any of these organizations by writing a letter of objection to the Chief Statistician and returning it with the completed questionnaire. Please specify the organizations with which you do not want to share your data.

For this survey, there are Section 12 agreements with the statistical agencies of Prince Edward Island, the Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada (ISED), as well as the Office of the Chief Science Advisor (OCSA) of ISED.

The shared data will be limited to information pertaining to federal departments and agencies located within the jurisdiction of the respective province or territory.

Record linkages

To enhance the data from this survey and to minimize the reporting burden, Statistics Canada may combine it with information from other surveys or from administrative sources.

Please forward the completed questionnaire and listing of extramural performers through the Electronic File Transfer service (EFT).

For further inquiries:

Phone Number: toll free at 1-888-659-8229

Fax number: toll free at 1-800-755-5514

Email: statcan.fsepsurv-enqdmsf.statcan@statcan.gc.ca

Your participation is greatly appreciated and will contribute to providing useful information on federal S&T expenditures. You will be able to access the results through "The Daily" and Tables 27-10- 0005-01 to 27-10-0014-01 and Tables 27-10-0026-01 to 27-10- 0029-01 on Statistics Canada's web site. The data will also be available on Science.gc.ca.

Thank you for your co-operation

Information for Respondents

This information is collected under the authority of the Statistics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, Chapter S-19. Completion of this questionnaire is a legal requirement under this Act.

Survey purpose

This survey collects the financial and operating data which are essential to assure the availability of pertinent statistical information to monitor science and technology related activities in Canada and to support the development of science and technology policy. The data collected are used by federal and provincial science policy analysts and are also part of the gross domestic expenditures on research and development (GERD). Your information may also be used by Statistics Canada for other statistical and research purposes.

Fax or e-mail transmission disclosure

Statistics Canada advises you that there could be a risk of disclosure during the transmission of information by facsimile or e-mail. However, upon receipt, Statistics Canada will provide the guaranteed level of protection afforded all information collected under the authority of the Statistics Act.

Confidentiality

Statistics Canada is prohibited by law from releasing any information it collects which could identify any person, business, or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent or as permitted by the Statistics Act. Statistics Canada will use the information from this survey for statistical purposes.

Data sharing agreements

To reduce respondent burden, Statistics Canada has entered into data-sharing agreements with provincial and territorial statistical agencies and other government organizations, which have agreed to keep the data confidential and use them only for statistical purposes.

Information on data-sharing agreements and record linkages can be found at the end of this questionnaire.

Authority to publish

I hereby authorize Statistics Canada to disclose any or all portions of the data supplied on this questionnaire that could identify this department after the tabling of the forecast year Main Estimates.

• Yes
• No

Respondent Information

• Name of person authorized to sign
• Signature
• Official position
• Program
• Department or agency
• E-mail address
• Telephone number

Enquiries to be directed to:

• Name
• Date
• Position title
• Telephone number
• Email address
• Fax number

Question 1A. Expenditures by activity and performer - fiscal year A (reference year)

Please indicate expenditures (measured in thousands of Canadian dollars) by activity and/or performer.

In this question both intramural and extramural expenditures are requested for research and development (R&D) and for related scientific activities (RSA). Extramural expenditures are allocated to the following sectors: business enterprise, higher education, Canadian non-profit institutions, Provincial and municipal governments, and foreign performers.

Definitions of natural sciences and engineering, scientific and technological (S&T) activities, R&D, RSA and Extramural performers can be found in the Respondent Guide following the survey questions.

Activity and/or performer are requested for the following categories:

I. Research and experimental development (R&D) - Current expenditures

1. In-house R&D
2. R&D contracts
3. R&D grants and contributions
4. Research fellowships
5. Administration of extramural programs
6. Capital expenditures

II. Related scientific activities (RSA) - Current expenditures

7. In-house RSA
8. RSA contracts
9. RSA grants and contributions
10. Administration of extramural programs
11. Capital expenditures

Question 1B. Expenditures by activity and performer – fiscal year B (planned expenditures)

Please indicate expenditures (measured in thousands of Canadian dollars) by activity and/or performer.

In this question both intramural and extramural expenditures are requested for research and development (R&D) and for related scientific activities (RSA). Extramural expenditures are allocated to the following sectors: business enterprise, higher education, Canadian non-profit institutions, Provincial and municipal governments, and foreign performers.

Activity and/or performer are requested for the following categories:

I. Research and experimental development (R&D) - Current expenditures

1. In-house R&D
2. R&D contracts
3. R&D grants and contributions
4. Research fellowships
5. Administration of extramural programs
6. Capital expenditures

II. Related scientific activities (RSA) - Current expenditures

7. In-house RSA
8. RSA contracts
9. RSA grants and contributions
10. Administration of extramural programs
11. Capital expenditures

Question 1C. Expenditures by activity and performer – fiscal year C (intentions)

Please indicate expenditures (measured in thousands of Canadian dollars) by activity and/or performer.

In this question both intramural and extramural expenditures are requested for research and development (R&D) and for related scientific activities (RSA). Extramural expenditures are allocated to the following sectors: business enterprise, higher education, Canadian non-profit institutions, Provincial and municipal governments, and foreign performers.

Activity and/or performer are requested for the following categories:

I. Research and experimental development (R&D) - Current expenditures

1. In-house R&D
2. R&D contracts
3. R&D grants and contributions
4. Research fellowships
5. Administration of extramural programs
6. Capital expenditures

II. Related scientific activities (RSA) - Current expenditures

7. In-house RSA
8. RSA contracts
9. RSA grants and contributions
10. Administration of extramural programs
11. Capital expenditures

Question 2A. Personnel in full-time equivalent for intramural scientific and technological activities in the natural sciences and engineering, fiscal year A (reference year)

Please indicate personnel, measured in full-time equivalents, engaged in R&D, RSA, or in the administration of extramural R&D and/or RSA programs for the following categories:

• Scientific and professional (include executive)
• Technical
• Other

Note that definitions of full-time equivalents and personnel categories are located in the Respondent Guide following the survey questions.

Question 2B. Personnel in full-time equivalent for intramural scientific and technological activities in the natural sciences and engineering, fiscal year B (planned)

Please indicate personnel, measured in full-time equivalents, engaged in R&D, RSA, or in the administration of extramural R&D and/or RSA programs for the following categories:

• Scientific and professional (include executive)
• Technical
• Other

Question 2C. Personnel in full-time equivalent for intramural scientific and technological activities in the natural sciences and engineering, fiscal year C (intentions)

Please indicate personnel, measured in full-time equivalents, engaged in R&D, RSA, or in the administration of extramural R&D and/or RSA programs for the following categories:

• Scientific and professional (include executive)
• Technical
• Other

Question 3A (i). Transfers for natural science and engineering activities – fiscal year A (reference year)

In this question, transfers for science and technology (S&T) expenditures (measured in thousands of Canadian dollars) are requested – note that the sum of R&D and RSA represents the total S&T. Two types of transfers are requested: "Into" the program (dollar amounts originating from other federal department or agencies) and "From" the program (dollar amounts toward other federal department or agencies).

Question 3A (ii). Sources of funds for total scientific and technological activities in the natural sciences and engineering, fiscal years A, B and C

Please indicate the sources of funds by year from the following:

1. Departmental S&T budget (operating and capital and grants and contributions)
2. Revenues to / from other federal departments
   1. Total transferred into this program
   2. Total transferred from this program
3. Provincial government departments
4. Business enterprises
5. Other (please specify)

Question 4. Scientific and technological expenditures by socio-economic objective - fiscal year A (reference year)

Please categorize S&T expenditures by socio-economic objective (measured in thousands of Canadian dollars), for both Intramural and Extramural performers and by R&D and RSA. The total must equal the total expenditures in question 1A.

Socio-economic objectives are divided into the following 12 categories:

1. Exploration and exploitation of the Earth
2. Environment
3. Exploration and exploitation of space
4. Transport, telecommunication and other infrastructures
5. Energy
6. Industrial production and technology
7. Health
8. Agriculture (include forestry and fisheries)
9. Education
10. Culture, recreation, religion and mass media
11. Political and social systems, structures and processes
12. Defence

Question 5. Expenditures and personnel of scientific and technological establishments engaged in activities in the natural sciences and engineering, fiscal year A (reference year)

In this question, expenditures (measured in thousands of Canadian dollars) and personnel data (measured in full-time equivalents) are requested for intramural R&D and RSA by Canadian regions. Intramural expenditures are separated into current and capital. Personnel is separated into scientific and professional and total.

Sums must equal total intramural expenditures and personnel of questions 1A and 2A (reference year).

Payments to extramural performers for scientific activities -Annex to Question 1A (reference year) – Detailed Extramural listing

Departments and agencies of the federal government are asked to identify the extramural payment (payments made outside of the federal government administration) recipients for scientific activities.

We are requesting a detailed listing of the recipients of federal payments made in connection with a scientific activity.

Expenditures reported on this submission should be equal to the extramural expenditures declared in question 1A, by sector and activity, reported on the current Federal science expenditures and personnel (FSEP) questionnaire.

Please provide us with a list of science payments, including:

1. Name and address of the organization or individual receiving the payment;
2. Field of science: social or natural;
3. Type of payment: contract or grant/contribution;
4. Activity carried out by the performer: research and experimental development (R&D) or related scientific activity (RSA);
5. Performing sectors include business enterprise (BE), higher education (HE), Canadian non-profit institutions (NP), provincial and municipal governments (GO) and foreign performers (FP);
6. Amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars;
7. Business number

Note: the purchase of goods and services to support in-house R&D or RSA are to be treated as an in-house intramural expenditure.

Some Guidelines:

(1) Support or service contracts

Support or service contracts should not be included with extramural payments. They are defined as contracts to an outside institution or individual to provide goods or services necessary to support in-house R&D programs and should be reported as an in-house R&D or in-house RSA expenditure in this questionnaire. Examples are contracts with data processing firms for computing services, maintenance contracts for R&D facilities, or procurement contracts for specialized equipment which is not considered capital.

(2) Discrepancies

Reasons for significant fluctuations in expenditures or personnel between the years reported for this survey are requested to be explained in the 'change report'. Also written explanation is requested if the reference year data is significantly different from what was reported in the previous Federal Science Expenditure and Personnel survey.

Please forward the completed questionnaire and listing of extramural performers through the Electronic File Transfer service (EFT)

For further inquiries:
Phone Number: toll free at 1-888-659-8229
Fax number: toll free at 1-800-755-5514
E-mail: statcan.fsepsurv-enqdmsf.statcan@statcan.gc.ca

Your participation is greatly appreciated and will contribute to providing useful information on federal S&T expenditures. You will be able to access the results through "The Daily" and Tables 27-10- 0005-01 to 27-10-0014-01 and Tables 27-10-0026-01 to 27-10- 0029-01 on Statistics Canada's web site. The data will also be available on Science.gc.ca.

Thank you for your co-operation

End of questionnaire

Respondent guide

Introduction

This introduction is intended to provide an overview of the process of collecting science expenditure data; definitions of and explanatory notes on natural sciences and engineering, social sciences, humanities and the arts, scientific and technological activities, performance sectors, and other terms used are given in subsequent sections.

The collection of science expenditure data is organized by the Investment, Science and Technology Division (ISTD) of Statistics Canada. This exercise was formerly conducted under the aegis of the Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat but is now solely a Statistics Canada survey.

Collection is undertaken to gather essential data describing the recent, current and proposed state of the federal resources allocated to science. Federal science expenditures data are provided to Innovation, Science and economic Development Canada who in turn use the data in the development of advice to the Assistant Deputy Ministers' Steering Committee on the Management of S&T, their Minister and the Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat, as well as in policy development and in monitoring the implementation of science policies. Statistics Canada maintains historical expenditure series in natural sciences and engineering dating back to 1963 and to 1971 in the social sciences, humanities and the arts. These data are available through the Investment, Science and Technology Division (ISTD) or through special requests.

The basic reporting unit is the budgetary program of a department or agency. Each budgetary program forms the subject of separate scientific expenditure reports for the natural and for the social science activities within it. Both the program and the program activities within it may be scientific in whole or in part only. Only expenditures on the scientific components of a program or its activity are reported. In some programs it will be difficult to distinguish between the natural and social sciences. However, some allocation must be made and in determining this allocation, the dominant orientation of the projects and the area of expertise of the personnel involved must be considered. Detailed definitions are given lower.

On the questionnaires, the identified expenditures are looked at from several different viewpoints and in various subdivisions. Expenditures on research and development (R&D) and related scientific activities (RSA) are subdivided to provide an indication of the "what" of a department's scientific effort. Expenditures in each category of scientific activity are further subdivided into "current" and "capital" segments. Current expenditures are additionally subdivided by sector, to indicate the "where" and "by whom" the activity is performed (e.g., in business enterprise, in higher education).

The human resources allocated to scientific activities are summarized in terms of the involved categories of personnel (scientific and professional, technical, etc.) and the principal focus of their efforts (R&D, RSA and, administration of extramural programs).

When completed, checked for consistency with previous reports, entered into the database and totaled along the various dimensions, these data provide snapshots of the federal resources allocated to science, supporting not only the work of central agencies but also the submissions of departments and agencies requesting resources.

General

This guide consists of definitions/explanations for terms used in the questionnaire.

The natural sciences and engineering consist of disciplines concerned with understanding, exploring, developing or utilizing the natural world. Included are the engineering and technology, mathematical, computer and information sciences, physical sciences, medical and health science, and agricultural sciences, veterinary sciences and forestry.

The term social sciences, humanities and the arts consists of disciplines involving the study of human actions and conditions and the social, economic and institutional mechanisms affecting humans. Included are such disciplines as arts, economics and business, education, history and archeology, law, language and linguistics, media and communications, philosophy, ethics and religion, psychology and cognitive sciences, social and economic geography and, sociology.

1. Expenditures by activity and performer

The questionnaire covers three consecutive fiscal years and the headings of all three are identical. One set of definitions/explanations therefore suffices.

Actual and planned expenditures on scientific and technological activities are to be classified according to the type of scientific activity and the performance sector in which the activities were or will be conducted.

Scientific and technological (S&T) activities can be defined as all systematic activities which are closely concerned with the generation, advancement, dissemination and application of scientific and technical knowledge in all fields of science and technology, that is, the natural sciences and engineering, and the social sciences, humanities and the arts. The central activity is scientific research and experimental development (R&D). In addition there are a number of activities closely related to R&D, and are termed related scientific activities (RSA). Those identified as being appropriate for the federal government in the natural sciences and engineering are: scientific data collection, information services, special services and studies and education support.

The performer is equivalent to the sector in which the scientific activity is conducted. The basic distinction is between intramural and extramural performance. Extramural payments are classified on the basis of the performance sectors to which they are made. The appropriate extramural performers are business enterprise, higher education, Canadian non-profit institutions, provincial and municipal governments, and foreign performers.

I. Performers

Intramural activities include all current expenditures incurred for scientific activities carried out by in-house personnel of units assigned to the program; the related gross fixed capital expenditures (acquisition of land, buildings, machinery and equipment for scientific activities); the administration of scientific activities by program employees; and the purchase of goods and services to support in-house scientific activities (include royalties or licences for the use of patents and other intellectual property rights, the lease of capital goods (machinery and equipment, etc.) and the rental of buildings to support scientific activities performed by the statistical unit in the reference year).

The intramural expenditures reported for scientific activities are those direct costs, including salaries, associated with scientific programs. The costs should include that portion of a program's contribution to employee benefit plans (e.g., superannuation and compensation) which is applicable to the scientific personnel within the program. The summation of intramural R&D activity is synonymous with the performance of R&D for the entire economy (GERD).

Extramural performers are groups being funded by the federal government sector for S&T activities. In this survey the extramural performers include:

Business enterprise – business and government enterprises including public utilities and government-owned firms. Both financial and non-financial corporations are included. Incorporated consultants or unincorporated individuals providing scientific and engineering services are also included. Industrial research institutes located at Canadian universities are considered to be in the higher education sector.

Higher education – comprises all universities, colleges of technology and other institutes of post-secondary education, whatever their source of finance or legal status. It also includes teaching hospitals (non-teaching hospitals are in the Canadian non-profit sector) all research institutes, centers, experimental stations and clinics that have their scientific activities under the direct control of, or administered by, or associated with, the higher education establishments.

Canadian non-profit institutions – charitable foundations, voluntary health organizations, scientific and professional societies, non-teaching hospitals (teaching hospitals are in the higher education sector) and other organizations not established to earn profits. Non-profit institutions primarily serving or controlled by another sector should be included in the controlling sector.

Provincial and municipal governments – departments and agencies of these governments as well as provincial research organizations. Government enterprises, such as provincial utilities are included in the business enterprise sector, and non-teaching hospitals in the Canadian non-profit institutions sector.

Foreign performers – all foreign government agencies, foreign companies (including foreign subsidiaries of Canadian firms), international organizations, non-resident foreign nationals and Canadians studying or teaching abroad.

II. Research and experimental development

Research and experimental development (R&D) – comprises creative and systematic work undertaken in order to increase the stock of knowledge – including knowledge of humankind, culture and society – and to devise new applications of available knowledge.

R&D activities may be aimed at achieving either specific or general objectives. R&D is always aimed at new findings, based on original concepts (and their interpretation) or hypotheses. It is largely uncertain about its final outcome (or at least about the quantity of time and resources needed to achieve it), it is planned for and budgeted (even when carried out by individuals), and it is aimed at producing results that could be either freely transferred or traded in a marketplace.

For an activity to be an R&D activity, it must satisfy five core criteria:

1. To be aimed at new findings (novel);
2. To be based on original, not obvious, concepts and hypothesis (creative);
3. To be uncertain about the final outcome (uncertainty);
4. To be planned and budgeted (systematic);
5. To lead to results that could be possibly reproduced (transferable/or reproducible).

Examples of R&D:

• A special investigation of a particular mortality in order to establish the side effects of certain cancer treatment is R&D.
• The investigation of new methods of measuring temperature is R&D, as is the study and development of new models for weather prediction.
• Investigation on the genetics of the species of plants in a forest in an attempt to understand natural controls for disease or pest resistance.
• The development of new application software and substantial improvements to operating systems and application programs.

R&D is generally carried out by specialized R&D units. However, an R&D project may also involve the use of non R&D facilities (e.g., testing grounds), the purchase or construction of specialized equipment and materials, and the assistance of other units. Costs of such items, attributable to the project, are to be considered R&D costs.

R&D may also be carried out by units normally engaged in other functions (e.g. a marine survey ship used for hydrological research, a geological survey team may be directed to work in a certain area in order to provide data for a geophysical research project). Such effort is part of an R&D project and, again, so far as is practical, the costs should be assigned to R&D expenditures.

On the other hand, R&D units may also be engaged in non R&D activities such as technical advisory services, testing, and construction of special equipment for other units. So far as is practical, the effort devoted to such operations should be included in the related scientific activities (RSA).

Item 1. In-house R&D – R&D performed by personnel of the reporting program. It may include R&D carried out on behalf of another program or federal government department.

In-house R&D activities include all current expenditures incurred for scientific activities carried out by in-house personnel of units assigned to the program, the purchase of goods and services to support in-house scientific activities (include royalties or licences for the use of patents and other intellectual property rights, and the rental of buildings to support scientific activities performed by the statistical unit in the reference year). Also include expenses of persons who provide ancillary services such as security, cleaning and maintenance work, finance and administration that are related and proportional to the R&D being conducted. However, the personnel providing these services are not to be included in the in-house personnel counts (see Section 2. Personnel).

Include the costs of self-employed individuals, consultants and researchers not employed by the statistical unit's R&D activities, who are working on-site on the departments' R&D projects.

The intramural expenditures reported to R&D are those direct costs, including salaries, associated with scientific programs. The cost should include that portion of a program's contribution to employee benefit plans (e.g., superannuation and compensation) which is applicable to the scientific personnel within the program.

Item 2. R&D contracts – R&D contracts to an outside institution or individual to fund R&D performed by the institution or individual. The criterion is: would the performer report the R&D contract as in-house (intramural) R&D that is government-funded? If the answer is yes the activity would be an R&D contract. If no, and the funding is to provide goods and services necessary to support the in-house R&D of the federal government it should be reported as In-house R&D (Item 1).

Contracts to other federal government departments should be reported as a transfer of funds in question 3A (i) and 3A (ii) of the questionnaire.

Item 3. R&D grants and contributions – awards to organizations or individuals for the conduct of R&D and intended to benefit the recipients rather than provide the program with goods, services or information. These funds are normally identical to that portion of the budgetary "grants and contributions" line object of expenditure which is devoted to R&D activities.

Item 4. Research fellowships – awards to individuals for advanced research training and experience. Awards intended primarily to support the education of the recipients should be reported as "education support".

Item 5. Administration of extramural programs – the costs of identifiable units engaged in the administration of contracts and grants and contributions for scientific activities that are to be performed outside the federal government. These expenditures should be broken down by the type of scientific activity supported, i.e. R&D or RSA.

Item 6. Capital expenditures – the annual gross amount paid for the acquisition of fixed assets that are used repeatedly or continuously in the performance of scientific activities for more than one year. They should be reported in full for the period when they took place, whether acquired or developed in house, and should not be registered as an element of depreciation.

The most relevant types of assets used for capital expenditures are:

• Land and buildings
• Machinery and equipment
• Capitalized computer software
• Other intellectual property products

III. Related scientific activities

Related scientific activities (RSA) are all systematic activities which are closely concerned with the generation, advancement, dissemination and application of scientific and technological knowledge. The types of related scientific activities for the natural sciences and engineering are described below.

Scientific data collection – the gathering, processing, collating and analyzing of data on natural phenomena. These data are normally the results of surveys, routine laboratory analyses or compilations of operating records.

Data collected as part of an existing or proposed research project are charged to research. Similarly, the costs of analyzing existing data as part of a research project are R&D costs, even when the data were originally collected for some other purpose. The development of new techniques for data collection is also to be considered a research activity. Examples of RSA scientific data collection are: routine geological, hydrographic, oceanographic and topographic surveys; routine astronomical observations; maintenance of meteorological records; and wildlife and fisheries surveys.

Information services – all work directed to collecting, coding, analyzing, evaluating, recording, classifying, translating and disseminating scientific and technological information as well as museum services. Included are the operations of scientific and technical libraries, S&T consulting and advisory services, the Patent Office, the publication of scientific journals and monographs, and the organizing of scientific conferences. Grants for the publication of scholarly works are also included.

General purpose information services or information services directed primarily towards the general public are excluded, as are general departmental and public libraries. When individual budgets exist, the costs of libraries which belong to institutions otherwise entirely classified to another activity, such as R&D, should be assigned to information services. The costs of printing and distributing reports from another activity, such as R&D, are normally attributed to that activity.

Sub category under Information Services:

Museum services – the collecting, cataloguing and displaying of specimens of the natural world or of representations of natural phenomena. The activity involves a systematic attempt to preserve and display items from the natural world; in some ways it could be considered an extension of information services. The scientific activities of natural history museums, zoological and botanical gardens, aquaria, planetaria and nature reserves are included. Parks which are not primarily restricted reserves for certain fauna or flora are excluded. In all cases the costs of providing entertainment and recreation to visitors should be excluded (e.g. restaurants, children's gardens and museums).

When a museum also covers not only natural history but also aspects of human cultural activities, the museum's resources should be appropriated between the natural and social sciences. However, museums of science and technology, war, etc., which display synthetic or artificial objects and may also illustrate the operations of certain technologies, should be considered as engaged in museum services in social sciences.

Special services and studies – work directed towards the establishment of national and provincial standards for materials, devices, products and processes; the calibration of secondary standards; non-routine quality testing; feasibility studies and demonstration projects.

Sub categories under Special Services and Studies include:

Testing and standardization – concerns the maintenance of national standards, the calibration of secondary standards and the non-routine testing and analysis of materials, components, products, processes, soils, atmosphere, etc. These activities are related scientific activities (RSA). The development of new measures for standards, or of new methods of measuring or testing, is R&D. Exclude routine testing such as monitoring radioactivity levels or soil tests before construction.

Feasibility studies – technical investigations of proposed engineering projects to provide additional information required to reach decisions on implementation. Besides feasibility studies, the related activity of demonstration projects are to be included. Demonstration projects involve the operation of scaled-up versions of a facility or process, or data on factors such as costs, operational characteristics, market demand and public acceptance. Projects called "demonstration projects" but which conform to the definition of R&D should be considered R&D. Once a facility or process is operated primarily to provide a service or to gain revenue, rather than as a demonstration, it should no longer be included with feasibility studies. In all demonstration projects, only the net costs should be considered.

Education support – grants to individuals or institutions on behalf of individuals which are intended to support the post-secondary education of students in technology and the natural sciences. General operating or capital grants are excluded. The activity includes the support of foreign students in their studies of the natural sciences at Canadian or foreign institutions. Grants intended primarily to support the research of individuals at universities are either R&D grants or research fellowships.

Awards intended primarily to support the education of the recipients should be reported as "education support".

Item 7. In-house RSA – RSA performed by personnel of the reporting program. It may include RSA carried out on behalf of another program or federal government department.

In-house RSA activities include all current expenditures incurred for scientific activities carried out by in-house personnel of units assigned to the program; the purchase of goods and services to support in-house scientific activities (include royalties or licences for the use of patents and other intellectual property rights, and the rental of buildings to support scientific activities performed by the statistical unit in the reference year). Also include expenses of persons who provide ancillary services such as security, cleaning and maintenance work, finance and administration that are proportional to the RSA being conducted. However, the personnel providing these services are not to be included in the in-house personnel counts (see Section 2. Personnel).

The intramural expenditures reported to RSA are those direct costs, including salaries, associated with scientific programs. The cost should include that portion of a program's contribution to employee benefit plans (e.g., superannuation and compensation) which is applicable to the scientific personnel within the program. Also include the costs of self-employed individuals, consultants and researchers who are working on-site on the departments' RSA projects.

Item 8. RSA contracts – contracts to an outside institution or individual to fund RSA performed by the institution or individual. The criterion is: would the performer report the RSA contract as in-house (intramural) RSA that is government-funded? If the answer is yes the activity would be an RSA contract. If no, and the funding is for the purchase goods and services to support the in-house RSA of the federal government department, it should be reported as In-house RSA (Item 7).

Contracts to other federal government departments should be reported as a transfer of funds in question 3A (i) and 3A (ii) of the questionnaire.

Item 9. RSA grants and contributions – awards to organizations or individuals for the conduct of RSA and intended to benefit the recipients rather than provide the program with goods, services or information. These funds are normally identical to that portion of the budgetary "grants and contributions" line object of expenditure which is devoted to RSA.

Item 10. Administration of extramural programs – the costs of identifiable units engaged in the administration of contracts and grants and contributions for scientific activities that are to be performed outside the federal government. These expenditures should be broken down by the type of scientific activity supported, i.e. R&D or RSA.

Item 11. Capital expenditures – the annual gross amount paid for the acquisition of fixed assets that are used repeatedly or continuously in the performance of scientific activities for more than one year. They should be reported in full for the period when they took place, whether acquired or developed in house, and should not be registered as an element of depreciation.

The most relevant types of assets used for capital expenditures are:

• Land and buildings
• Machinery and equipment
• Capitalized computer software
• Other intellectual property products

2. Personnel

Personnel data are collected for intramural scientific activities only. A head count of personnel working on intramural scientific activities is not requested, rather the amount of time a worker dedicates to scientific and technological activities during a specific reference period as a percentage of the total number of hours conventionally worked in the same period. This is noted as full-time equivalent research and development personnel or full-time equivalent related scientific activity personnel. For example, an employee who is engaged in scientific activities for half a year has a full-time equivalence of 0.5. Personnel data reported should be consistent with expenditure data.

Most intramural scientific activities are performed primarily by persons employed by the department or agency. Extramural personnel contributing directly to the intramural scientific activities of the department or agency that are located on site should also be included in the personnel counts.

Not all of the personnel contributing to or facilitating the performance of scientific activities are to be included in the personnel totals. Individuals undertaking indirect support or ancillary activities are excluded. For example specific services to R&D or RSA provided by central computer department and libraries; services by central finance and human resources departments dealing with R&D or RSA projects; provision of services for security, cleaning, maintenance, canteens, etc. to R&D or RSA performing units. These services are not included in the intramural scientific activities personnel totals, however their related costs should be included with in-house expenditures.

Scientific and professional – researchers and professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge. They conduct research and improve or develop concepts, theories, models, techniques instrumentation, software or operational methods. They require at least one academic degree or nationally recognized professional qualification, as well as those with equivalent experience.

Technical – technicians and equivalent staff are persons whose main tasks require technical knowledge and experience in one or more fields of engineering, the physical and life sciences, or the social sciences, humanities and the arts. They perform scientific and technical tasks involving the application of concepts and operational methods and the use of research equipment, normally under the supervision of researchers.

Other – other supporting staff include skilled and unskilled craftsmen, and administrative, secretarial and clerical staff participating in science and technology projects or directly associated with such projects.

3A (i). Transfers for natural sciences and engineering activities

Include payments or recipients for contracts, transfers and joint programs from/to other federal government departments. Please identify the amount and names of the origination and recipient programs.

3A (ii). Sources of funds for total scientific and technological activities

This question identifies the sources of funds for expenditures on scientific activities reported for all three years. It will help to ensure that work funded from outside the department is not overlooked.

Departmental S&T budget – that portion of the total departmental budget which was spent on natural science and engineering activities.

Revenues to / from other federal departments – money transferred from this program to another federal department or money transferred into this program from another federal department for activities in the natural sciences and engineering.

Provincial government departments – all funds from the provincial government used for natural science and engineering activities. The funds are referred to as payments, contributions, transfers, etc. Also include provincial portions of federal-provincial cost sharing programs performed by the department program.

Business enterprises – all funds from business enterprises used for natural science and engineering activities performed by the department.

Other – all funds for natural sciences and engineering activities from other sources not specified above.

4. Scientific and technological expenditures by socio-economic objectives

Socio-economic objectives allow departments to classify their S&T resource allocations according to the purpose for which the expenditure is intended. In many cases, projects have multiple objectives and a department should assign its expenditures consistent with the stated objectives of the department. Care must be taken to avoid "double counting".

The objectives are based on the European Union classification adopted by Eurostat for the Nomenclature for the Analysis and Comparison of Scientific Programmes and Budgets (NABS) at the one-digit level.

1. Exploration and exploitation of the Earth

Exploration and exploitation of the Earth - covers scientific activities with objectives related to the exploration of the Earth's crust and mantle, seas, oceans and atmosphere, as well as for scientific activities on their exploitation. It also includes climatic and meteorological research, polar exploration and hydrology. It does not include scientific activities related to soil improvement (objective 4), land use or fishing (objective 8), or pollution (objective 2).

2. Environment

Environment - covers scientific activities aimed at improving the control of pollution, including the identification and analysis of the sources of pollution and their causes, and all pollutants, including their dispersal in the environment and the effects on humans, species (fauna, flora, micro-organisms) and the biosphere.

The development of monitoring facilities for the measurement of all kinds of pollution is included, as is scientific activities for the elimination and prevention of all forms of pollution in all types of environment.

3. Exploration and exploitation of space

Exploration and exploitation of space - covers all civil space scientific activities relating to the scientific exploration of space, space laboratories, space travel and launch systems. Although civil space scientific activities is not in general concerned with particular objectives, it frequently has a specific goal, such as the advancement of knowledge (e.g. astronomy) or relates to particular applications (e.g. telecommunications satellites or earth observation). This chapter does not include corresponding scientific activities for defence purposes.

4. Transport, telecommunication and other infrastructures

Transport, telecommunication and other infrastructures - covers scientific activities aimed at infrastructure and land development, including the construction of buildings. More generally, this objective covers all scientific activities relating to the general planning of land use. This includes scientific activities into protection against harmful effects in town and country planning but not research into other types of pollution (objective 2). This objective also includes scientific activities related to transport systems; telecommunication systems; general planning of land use; the construction and planning of buildings; civil engineering; and water supply.

5. Energy

Energy - covers scientific activities aimed at improving the production, storage, transportation, distribution and rational use of all forms of energy. It also includes scientific activities on processes designed to increase the efficiency of energy production and distribution, and the study of energy conservation. It does not include scientific activities related to prospecting (objective 1) or scientific activities into vehicle and engine propulsion (objective 6).

6. Industrial production and technology

Industrial production and technology - covers scientific activities aimed at the improvement of industrial production and technology, including scientific activities on industrial products and their manufacturing processes, except where they form an integral part of the pursuit of other objectives (e.g. defence, space, energy, agriculture).

7. Health

Health - covers scientific activities aimed at protecting, promoting and restoring human health broadly interpreted to include health aspects of nutrition and food hygiene. It ranges from preventive medicine, including all aspects of medical and surgical treatment, both for individuals and groups, and the provision of hospital and home care, to social medicine and paediatric and geriatric research.

8. Agriculture (include forestry and fisheries)

Agriculture - covers all scientific activities aimed at the promotion of agriculture, forestry, fisheries and foodstuff production, or furthering knowledge on chemical fertilisers, biocides, biological pest control and the mechanisation of agriculture, as well as concerning the impact of agricultural and forestry activities on the environment. This also covers scientific activities aimed at improving food productivity and technology. It does not include the development of rural areas; on the construction and planning of buildings; on the improvement of rural rest and recreation amenities and agricultural water supply (objective 4); on energy measures (objective 5); or on the food industry (objective 6).

9. Education

Education - includes scientific activities aimed at supporting general or special education, including training, pedagogy, didactics, and targeted methods for specially gifted persons or those with learning disabilities. This objective applies to all levels of education, from pre- and primary school through to tertiary education, as well as to subsidiary services to education.

10. Culture, recreation, religion and mass media

Culture, recreation, religion and mass media - includes scientific activities aimed at improving the understanding of social phenomena related to cultural activities, religion and leisure activities so as to define their impact on life in society, as well as to racial and cultural integration and on socio-cultural changes in these areas. The concept of "culture" covers the sociology of science, religion, art, sport and leisure, and also comprises inter alia scientific activities on the media, the mastery of language and social integration, libraries, archives and external cultural policy.

This objective also includes scientific activities related to: recreational and sporting services; cultural services; broadcasting and publishing services; and religious and other community services.

11. Political and social systems, structures and processes

Political and social systems, structures and processes - includes scientific activities aimed at improving the understanding of and supporting the political structure of society; public administration issues and economic policy; regional studies and multi-level governance; social change, social processes and social conflicts; the development of social security and social assistance systems; and the social aspects of the organisation of work. This objective also includes scientific activities related to gender-related social studies, including discrimination and familiar problems; the development of methods of combating poverty at local, national and international level; the protection of specific population categories on the social level (immigrants, delinquents, "drop outs", etc.), on the sociological level, i.e. with regard to their way of life (young people, adults, retired people, disabled people, etc.) and on the economic level (consumers, farmers, fishermen, miners, the unemployed, etc.); and methods of providing social assistance when sudden changes (natural, technological or social) occur in society.

This objective does not include scientific activities related to industrial health, the health control of communities from the organisational and socio-medical point of view, pollution at the place of work, the prevention of industrial accidents and the medical aspects of the causes of industrial accidents (objective 7).

12. Defence

Defence - covers scientific activities for military purposes. It may also include basic research and nuclear and space research when financed by ministries of defence. Civil research financed by ministries of defence, for example in the fields of meteorology, telecommunications and health, should be classified in the relevant objectives.

5. Expenditures and personnel of scientific and technological establishment engaged in activities in the natural sciences and engineering, by region

Since 1978, Statistics Canada has been collecting detailed expenditure and person year data on intramural scientific activities of federal government departments and agencies by region. These data, coupled with data from other surveys, have been used by policy planners in federal and provincial governments, research managers and the media to assess the provincial distribution of science activities in Canada.

We are asking for the information at the regional level. We are also asking for information in both natural science and engineering establishments as well as those performing activities in the social sciences, humanities and the arts, as international gross domestic expenditures on research and development (GERD) statistics include activities in both science fields.

The Canada total expenditures and personnel reported for the actual year must be consistent with data reported on intramural expenditures in question 1A, and total personnel in question 2A.

General information

Data-sharing agreements

To reduce respondent burden, Statistics Canada has entered into data-sharing agreements with provincial and territorial statistical agencies and other government organizations, which have agreed to keep the data confidential and use them only for statistical purposes. Statistics Canada will only share data from this survey with those organizations that have demonstrated a requirement to use the data.

Section 11 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with provincial and territorial statistical agencies that meet certain conditions. These agencies must have the legislative authority to collect the same information, on a mandatory basis, and the legislation must provide substantially the same provisions for confidentiality and penalties for disclosure of confidential information as the Statistics Act. Because these agencies have the legal authority to compel businesses to provide the same information, consent is not requested and businesses may not object to the sharing of the data.

For this survey, there are Section 11 agreements with the provincial and territorial statistical agencies of Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia, and the Yukon.

The shared data will be limited to information pertaining to federal departments and agencies located within the jurisdiction of the respective province or territory.

Section 12 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with federal, provincial or territorial government organizations. Under section 12, you may refuse to share your information with any of these organizations by writing a letter of objection to the Chief Statistician and returning it with the completed questionnaire. Please specify the organizations with which you do not want to share your data.

For this survey, there are Section 12 agreements with the statistical agencies of Prince Edward Island, the Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada (ISED), as well as the Office of the Chief Science Advisor (OCSA) of ISED.

The shared data will be limited to information pertaining to federal departments and agencies located within the jurisdiction of the respective province or territory.

Record linkages

To enhance the data from this survey and to minimize the reporting burden, Statistics Canada may combine it with information from other surveys or from administrative sources.

Please forward the completed questionnaire and listing of extramural performers through the Electronic File Transfer service (EFT).

For further inquiries:
Phone Number: toll free at 1-888-659-8229
Fax number: toll free at 1-800-755-5514
E-mail: statcan.fsepsurv-enqdmsf.statcan@statcan.gc.ca

Your participation is greatly appreciated and will contribute to providing useful information on federal S&T expenditures. You will be able to access the results through "The Daily" and Tables 27-10- 0005-01 to 27-10-0014-01 and Tables 27-10-0026-01 to 27-10- 0029-01 on Statistics Canada's web site. The data will also be available on Science.gc.ca.

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Resources

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