Farm Management Survey - 2021 - Livestock Modules

Getting Started

Why do we conduct this survey?

The Farm Management Survey is conducted in collaboration with Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, to ensure that agriculture programs reflect the changing way resources are being managed on today's farms. The data collected contribute to the establishment of baselines and development of updates for an expanded set of agri-environmental indicators.

These indicators are needed to:

determine the present status of farm environmental management across Canada
identify areas that are most in need of programs to promote environmental management practices
generate the information to design effective and well targeted policy and program responses.

Your information may also be used by Statistics Canada for other statistical and research purposes.

Although voluntary, your participation is important so that the information collected is as accurate and complete as possible.

Other important information

Authorization to collect this information

Data are collected under the authority of the Statistics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, Chapter S-19.

Confidentiality

By law, Statistics Canada is prohibited from releasing any information it collects that could identify any person, business, or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent, or as permitted by the Statistics Act. Statistics Canada will use the information from this survey for statistical purposes only.

Record linkages

To enhance the data from this survey and to reduce the response burden, Statistics Canada may combine the acquired data with information from other surveys or from administrative sources.

Data-sharing agreements

To reduce respondent burden, Statistics Canada has entered into data-sharing agreements with provincial and territorial statistical agencies and other government organizations, which have agreed to keep the data confidential and use them only for statistical purposes. Statistics Canada will only share data from this survey with those organizations that have demonstrated a requirement to use the data.

Section 11 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with provincial and territorial statistical agencies that meet certain conditions. These agencies must have the legislative authority to collect the same information, on a mandatory basis, and the legislation must provide substantially the same provisions for confidentiality and penalties for disclosure of confidential information as the Statistics Act. Because these agencies have the legal authority to compel businesses to provide the same information, consent is not requested and businesses may not object to the sharing of the data.

For this survey, there are Section 11 agreements with the provincial and territorial statistical agencies of Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta and British Columbia. The shared data will be limited to information pertaining to business establishments located within the jurisdiction of the respective province.

Section 12 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with federal, provincial or territorial government organizations.

Under Section 12, you may refuse to share your information with any of these organizations by writing a letter of objection to the Chief Statistician, specifying the organizations with which you do not want Statistics Canada to share your data and mailing it to the following address:

Chief Statistician of Canada
Statistics Canada
Attention of the Director, Environment and Energy Statistics Division
150 Tunney's Pasture Driveway
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0T6

You may also contact us by email at statcan.esd-helpdesk-dse-bureaudedepannage.statcan@canada.ca or by fax at (613) 951-6583.

For this survey, there are Section 12 agreements with the statistical agency of Prince Edward Island, as well as the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs; Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, Manitoba Agriculture and Resource Development; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, and Environment and Climate Change Canada.

For agreements with provincial government organizations, the shared data will be limited to information pertaining to business establishments located within the jurisdiction of the respective province.

Important features

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Definitions and explanations

A help button is available for certain questions. Press this button for additional information or clarification.

Survey Purpose

The survey collects information about the management practices used on Canadian farms.

Survey results will help Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada measure the use of these practices in the agriculture industry, and will support their development of effective agricultural programs.

The information you provide may also be used by Statistics Canada for other statistical and research purposes.

Dairy inventory

The first questions are about livestock kept on this operation.

Q1. How many of the following types of dairy cattle are currently on this operation?

Include:

all cattle on this operation, regardless of ownership, including those that were boarded, custom fed, or fed under contract
all cattle kept by this operation regardless of ownership that were pastured on a community pasture, grazing co-op, or public land for part of the year.

Exclude animals owned by this operation but kept on a farm, ranch or feedlot operated by someone else.

If there are no animals for a specific type, please indicate 0.

Number of dairy cattle

Milking cows
Dry cows
Replacement heifers, one year and over
Calves, under one year

Further questions will focus on the management practices for one specific type of dairy cattle.

Q2. Please select the cattle type to be used to answer the following questions.

Milking cows
Dry cows
Replacement heifers, one year and over
Calves, under one year

Beef inventory

The first questions are about livestock kept on this operation.

Q1. How many of the following types of beef cattle are currently on this operation?

Include:

all the cattle on this operation, regardless of ownership, including those that were boarded, custom fed, or fed under contract
all cattle kept by this operation regardless of ownership that were pastured on a community pasture, grazing co-op, or public land for part of the year.

Exclude animals owned by this operation but kept on a farm, ranch or feedlot operated by someone else.

If there are no animals for a specific type, please indicate 0.

Number of beef cattle

Finishing heifers and steers
Backgrounding heifers and steers
Cows
Replacement heifers
Bulls
Calves, under one year

Additional questions will focus on the management practices for one specific type of beef cattle.

Q2. Please select the cattle type to be used to answer the following questions.

Finishing heifers and steers
Backgrounding heifers and steers
Cows
Replacement heifers
Bulls
Calves, under one year

Q3. In 2021, how many months were these [beef cattle] kept primarily in the following areas?

Number of months

An outdoor confined area
Include pens, corrals, drylots, exercise pads.
A fenced up outdoor area where livestock movement is restricted and manure deposits are eventually removed.
An open field or pasture
Natural or planted pasture or cropland used for grazing or feeding.
A building
Any fixed structure with a roof and some walls that confines or provides protection for livestock in one location.

Q4. At what reproductive stage are the majority of the [beef cattle] currently on this operation?

Cows

Lactating
Dry or pregnant

Replacement heifers

Unbred
Pregnant

Bulls

Growing immature bulls
Mature breeding bulls

Poultry inventory

The first questions are about poultry kept on this operation.

Q1. During one production cycle, how many of the following types of birds were on this operation and how many buildings were used to house each type of bird in 2021?

Include all the poultry on this operation, regardless of ownership, including those that were boarded, custom fed, or fed under contract.

Exclude animals owned by this operation but kept on a farm, ranch or feedlot operated by someone else.

If there are no birds of a specific type, please indicate 0.

Number of birds Number of buildings to house birds

Chickens for Table Eggs

Pullets less than 19 weeks
Laying hens 19 weeks and over

Birds for meat

Broilers, roasters, Cornish
Turkeys

Birds for Breeding
Include hens and pullets.

Egg layer breeders
Broilers, roasters, Cornish breeders
Turkey breeders

Other poultry

Other poultry
e.g., geese, ducks, roosters, ostriches, emus, pheasants, quail, pigeons
Specify other poultry

Pig inventory

The first questions are about livestock kept on this operation.

Q1. During one production cycle, how many of the following types of pigs were on this operation?

Include all pigs on this operation, regardless of ownership, including those that were boarded, custom fed, or fed under contract.

Exclude pigs owned by this operation but kept on a farm, ranch or feedlot operated by someone else.

If this question does not apply, please indicate 0.

Number of pigs

Weaner, nursery or starter pigs
Under 45 lb. or less than 20 kg
Grower and finishing pigs
45 lb. or 20 kg and over
Nursing pigs
Sows and gilts for breeding
Boars

Additional questions will focus on the management practices for one specific type of pig.

Q2. Please select the pig type to be used to answer the following questions.

Weaner, nursery or starter pigs
Grower and finishing pigs
Sows and gilts for breeding
Boars

Q3. Please indicate the growth stage of the majority of the [pigs] currently on this operation.

Weaner, nursery and starter pigs

Early nursery
Late nursery

Grower and finishing pigs

Grower
Finishing

Sows and gilts

Growing unbred gilts
Gestating sows
Bred gilts
Lactating sows

Boars

Growing immature boars
Mature breeding boars

Animal inventory

Q1. Did a veterinarian recently examine or is knowledgeable about the livestock on this operation?

Q2. Was a veterinarian or another professional consulted to develop a prevention-focused health program for livestock health?

Note: Press the help button (?) for additional information.

Yes
No
Don't know

What was included in this prevention-focused health program?

Select all that apply.

Biosecurity measures
e.g., disease spread prevention, like isolating new animals and checking for early symptoms of diseases.
Vaccination
Parasite control
Breeding soundness examinations
e.g., checking for safe and proper insemination and pregnancies
Ration development and supplementation adapted to livestock specific needs
Management of painful procedures
Other
Specify the other elements
OR
None of the above

Q3. Are there any other livestock or poultry currently on this operation?

Q4. How many of the following are currently on this operation?

Include:

all animals on this operation, regardless of ownership, including those that are boarded, custom fed, or fed under contract
all animals kept by this operation regardless of ownership that were pastured on a community pasture, grazing coop, or public land for part of the year.

Exclude animals owned by this operation but kept on a farm, ranch or feedlot operated by someone else.

Note: Press the help button (?) for additional information.

Number

Dairy cattle
Include all types and ages for breeding or milk production.
Beef cattle
Include all types and ages for breeding or meat production.
Pigs
Include all types and ages for breeding or meat production.
Poultry
Include all types and ages for breeding, meat, or egg production.
All other animals
Specify all other animals

Housing management (Dairy and Beef)

For the following questions, consider only the building containing the largest number of [milking cows/beef cattle].

Q1. In 2021, how many of each of the following types of dairy cattle were housed in this building containing the largest number of milking cows?

Number of dairy cattle

Milking cows
Dry cows
Replacement heifers, one year and over
Calves, under one year

Q2. In 2021, which of the following practices were used to maintain the air quality in and around this building containing the largest number of milking cows?

Select all that apply.

Forced ventilation with fans
Did this system have an air filter?
- Yes
- No
Natural ventilation
e.g., windows, curtains, exhaust vents
Was this system adjusted automatically?
- Yes
- No
Water misters or coolers
Electrostatic precipitators to reduce dust
Air exchangers
Large tree shelterbelts adjacent to the building
Other practices
Specify other practices

For the following questions, consider only the building containing the largest number of [milking cows/beef cattle].

Q3. Which of the following housing designs best describes the system used in this building?

Tie stall
Free stall
Common bedding pack area
Other system
Specify other system

Q4. In 2021, what type of milking system was used on this operation?

Milking parlour
Robotic system
Other system
Specify other system

The following questions concern practices related to the area of this building where milking cows are kept.

Q5. In 2021, what type of material was primarily used for bedding for [milking cows/beef cattle] in this building?

Sawdust, shavings, bark mulch, other forest product
Straw or crop residue
Recycled or processed manure solids
Sand, gravel, or other mineral product
Synthetic mat or mattress
e.g., rubber, foam, gel, water
Other material
Specify other material
No material used

Q6. In 2021, approximately, how often was the bedding area refreshed with new bedding material?

At least once a day
At least once every two days
At least once every three days
At least once a week
At least once every 2 weeks
At least once a month
Other frequency
Specify other frequency

Q7. What was the main base material below the bedding in this building?

Concrete
Clay layer
Sand or gravel layer
Other soil type
Specify other soil type
Other material
Specify other material

Q8. In 2021, what was the most common floor material for cattle alleys and walkways in this building?

Solid, smooth concrete
Slatted concrete over manure storage
Anti-slip concrete (grooved, stamped, etched, aggregate)
Rubber
Other floor material
Specify other floor material

Q9. In 2021, what method was used to clean manure from alleys, walkways, and gutters in this building?

Exclude holding pens used prior to milking.

Select all that apply.

Tractor or skid steer
Automated scrapers (chain or cable)
Flushed with water
Other method
Specify other method

Q10. In 2021, did the [dairy/beef] cattle in this building have access to an outdoor confined area?

Include pens, corrals, drylots and exercise pads.

An outdoor confined area is an area where livestock movement is restricted and manure deposits are eventually removed offsite.

Q11. During which seasons are the [dairy/beef] cattle from this building provided access to an outdoor area?

Select all that apply.

Spring
Summer
Fall
Winter
OR
All year

For the following questions, consider only the outdoor confined area containing the largest number of [dairy/beef] cattle.

Q12. What was the main base material of this outdoor confined area?

Concrete
Clay layer
Sand or gravel layer
Other soil type
Specify other soil type
Other material
Specify other material

Q13. In 2021, which of the following activities occurred in this outdoor confined area?

Select all that apply.

Watering
Exercising
Feeding
Provided material for bedding
e.g., sawdust, straw
Observed cattle for heat detection

Q14. In 2021, what type of material was used for bedding in this outdoor confined area?

Select all that apply.

Sawdust, shavings, bark mulch, other forest product
Straw or crop residue
Recycled or processed manure solids
Sand, gravel or other mineral product
Other material
Specify other material
OR
No material was used

Q15. In 2021, approximately, how often was the bedding area refreshed with new bedding material in this outdoor confined area?

At least once a day
At least once a week
At least once a month
Less frequently than once a month
Specify frequency

Q16. In 2021, approximately how often was manure or soiled bedding removed from this outdoor confined area?

At least once a day
At least once a week
At least once a month
Less frequently than once a month
Specify frequency
At least once a month
At least once every 3 months
At least once every 6 months
Less frequently than once every 6 months
Specify frequency

Q17. In 2021, which of the following features were present in or next to this outdoor confined area?

Select all that apply.

Protection from wind
e.g., windbreaks, trees shelterbelts, shelter structures
Roof
Diversion of upstream surface water around confined area
Containment of runoff water flowing out of the confined area
OR
None of the above

Housing management (Pig)

The next questions are about the building containing the largest number of [pigs].

Q1. In 2021, how many of the following pig types were in this building on a typical day of full production?

Weaner, nursery or starter pigs
Grower and finishing pigs
Nursing pigs
Sows and gilts for breeding
Boars

Q2. In 2021, what was the average number of weaner, nursery or starter pigs kept per pen?

Average number

Q3. What was the average pen size for these pigs?

Please indicate the unit of measure used.

Average pen size Unit of measure

Q4. In 2021, what was the average number of grower and finishing pigs kept per pen?

Average number

Q5. What was the average pen size for these pigs?

Please indicate the unit of measure used.

Average pen size Unit of measure

Q6. In 2021, what was the average number of sows and gilts kept per pen when they were gestating?

Average number

Q7. What was the average pen size for these pigs?

Please indicate the unit of measure used.

Average pen size Unit of measure

Q8. In 2021, what was the average number of boars kept per pen when not in breeding service?

Average number

Q9. What was the average pen size for these pigs?

Please indicate the unit of measure used.

Average pen size Unit of measure

Q10. In 2021, what floor material was used in this building?

Select all that apply.

Concrete
- Solid - smooth
- Solid - anti-slip
  e.g., grooved, stamped, aggregate
- Slatted
Rubber
- Solid
- Slatted
Other floor material
Specify other floor material

Q11. What type of floor slat configuration was most commonly used?

Entire pen slatted
Part of pen slatted

Q12. In 2021, what material was primarily used for bedding?

Sawdust, shavings, bark mulch, other forest product
Straw or crop residue
Synthetic mat or mattress
e.g., rubber, foam, gel, water
Other material
Specify other material
No bedding material used

Q13. In 2021, approximately how often was fresh bedding material added to the bedding area?

At least once a day
At least once a week
At least once every two weeks
At least once a month
Less frequently than once a month
Specify frequency

Q14. In 2021, what method was used to remove manure from pens?

None, manure fell through floor slats
Hand scraping or shoveling
Automated scrapers
e.g., chain or cable
Flushed floor with water
Other method
Specify other method

Q15. How often was manure removed from pens?

Every day
At least once a week
At least once every two weeks
At least once a month
Less frequently than once a month
Specify frequency

Q16. Where did the manure from pens go?

Into a shallow channel or pit below the barn
Directly into a deep pit blow the barn
Directly into a manure storage unit outside of the barn

Q17. How often was manure from the subfloor channel or shallow pit removed?

Every day
At least once a week
At least once every two weeks
At least once a month
Less frequently than once a month
Specify frequency

Q18. What method was used to remove manure from the subfloor pits or channels?

Automated channel scrapers
e.g., chain or cable
Flushed channel with water
Open drain plug to allow channel to drain
Other method
Specify other method

Q19. Were sub-floor fans or pit fans used to improve the air quality over manure?

Q20. In 2021, which of the following practices were used to maintain air quality in and around this building? Select all that apply.

Forced ventilation with fans
Did this system have an air filter?
- Yes
- No
Natural ventilation
e.g., windows, curtains, exhaust vents
Was this system adjusted automatically?
- Yes
- No
Water misters or coolers
Electrostatic precipitators to reduce dust
Air exchangers
Large tree shelterbelts adjacent to the building
Other practices
Specify other practices

Housing management (Poultry)

Q1. In 2021, what percentage of all egg laying hens were housed in each of the following?

Conventional battery cages
Enriched or furnished cages
Free run
Free range
All other housing designs
Specify all other housing designs

The questions that follow pertain to the housing of birds in cages.

Q2. For birds kept in conventional battery cages, what unit of measure will you use to report the amount of space per bird?

Square meters
Square feet
Square centimeters
Square inches

Q3. In 2021, what was the area per bird kept in conventional battery cages?

[unit of measure] per bird

Q4. In 2021, what was the average number of birds kept in a single conventional battery cage?

Average number of birds

Q5. In 2021, what was the area per bird kept in enriched or furnished cages?

[unit of measure] per bird

Q6. In 2021, what was the average number of birds kept in a single enriched or furnished cage?

Average number of birds

Q7. In 2021, which of the following methods were used to manage manure in the building containing the largest number of egg laying hens in cages?

Manure dropped from cages into a pit below the barn
Manure dropped from cages onto a conveyer belt which transported manure to storage outside the barn
Other method
Specify other method

Q8. In 2021, were pit fans used to improve air quality over the manure?

Q9. In 2021, at what frequency was manure transported by the conveyor belt to storage?

At least once every two days
At least two times per week
At least once per week
At least once every two weeks
Less frequently than once every 2 weeks
Specify other frequency

Q10. In 2021, which of the following practices were used to maintain the air quality in and around this building containing the largest number of egg laying hens in cages?

Select all that apply.

Forced ventilation with fans
Did this system have an air filter?
- Yes
- No
Natural ventilation
e.g., windows, curtains, exhaust vents
Was this system adjusted automatically?
- Yes
- No
Water misters or coolers
Electrostatic precipitators to reduce dust
Air exchangers
Large tree shelterbelts adjacent to the building
Drying fans to reduce moisture content of manure on conveyor belts or pits below barn
Additives applied to manure on conveyor belt
e.g., to reduce ammonia emissions
Specify additives
Other practice
Specify other practice

The following questions concern the housing for birds not in cages.

Q11. What unit of measure will you use to report the floor area of buildings where birds are housed?

Square meters
Square feet

The following questions will concern the type of bird selected below.

Q12. Please select which type of bird for meat should be used for the following questions.

Broilers, roasters, Cornish
Turkeys

Q13. In 2021, what was the floor area of the building used to house the largest number of [birds for meat]?

Exclude smaller enclosures used early in the birds development.

Floor area in [unit of measure]

Q14. In 2021, how many [birds for meat] are kept in this building during a typical production cycle?

Number of [birds for meat]

The following questions will concern the type of bird selected below.

Q15. Please select the type of breeding bird to be used for the following questions.

Egg layer breeders
Broilers, roasters, Cornish breeders
Turkey breeders
[other poultry]

Q16. In 2021, what was the floor area of the building used to house the largest number of [birds for breeding]?

Exclude smaller enclosures used early in the birds development.

Floor area in [unit of measure]

Q17. In 2021, how many [birds for breeding] are kept in this building during a typical production cycle?

Number of [birds for breeding]

The following questions will concern the type of bird selected below.

Q18. Please select the type of bird to be used for the following questions on housing management practices.

Broilers, roasters, Cornish
Turkeys
Egg layer breeders
Broilers, roasters, Cornish breeders
Turkey breeders
[other poultry]

Please answer the following questions for the building housing the largest number of [birds].

Q19. In 2021, what floor material was typically used in this building?

Select all that apply.

Concrete
- Solid
- Slatted
Wood
- Solid
- Slatted
Rubber
- Solid
- Slatted
Plastic or synthetic
- Solid
- Slatted
Clay layer
Other soil type
Specify other soil type
Other material
Specify other material

Q20. In 2021, what type of material was primarily used for bedding?

Sawdust
Shavings
Forest product
Specify forest product
Straw
Specify straw
Crop residue
e.g., chaff, screenings
Specify crop residue
Other material
Specify other material
No bedding material was used

Q21. In 2021, what was the thickness of the [bedding] that was applied at the start of this production cycle?

Less than three inches
Three to less than five inches
Five or more inches

Q22. In 2021, approximately how often was the bedding and poultry litter completely removed from the barn?

After each production cycle
After two production cycles
After three production cycles
After more than three production cycles

Q23. In 2021, which of the following practices were used to refresh bedding between production cycles?

Select all that apply.

Mixed underlying litter with surface manure
Added new bedding on top of litter
Specify new bedding
Other additives
e.g., lime
Specify other additives
Other practice
Specify other practice
OR
No practices were used to refresh the bedding

Q24. In 2021, which of the following practices were used to maintain the air quality in and around this building housing the largest number of [birds]?

Select all that apply.

Forced ventilation with fans
Did this system have an air filter?
- Yes
- No
Natural ventilation
e.g., windows, curtains, exhaust vents
Was this system adjusted automatically?
- Yes
- No
Water misters or coolers
Electrostatic precipitators to reduce dust
Air exchangers
Large tree shelterbelts adjacent to the building
Additives applied to litter or air space in barn during production cycle
e.g., to reduce ammonia emissions
Specify additives
Other practices
Specify other practices
OR
None of the above

Crop inventory

Q1. What unit of measure will be used to report land areas?

Acres
Hectares
Arpents

Land inventory

Q2. In 2021, how many [unit of measure] of land were used by this operation?

Include all land used by this operation, i.e., owned, rented, leased or crop-shared.

Exclude any land rented or crop-shared to others.

Q3. In 2021, how many [unit of measure] of natural ponds or wetlands were on this operation?

Include ponds, sloughs, marshes, treed swamps, lakes, etc.

Number of [unit of measure]
OR
No natural ponds or wetlands on this operation

Q4. In 2021, how many [unit of measure] of natural vegetation were on this operation?

Include natural pasture/grassland, bushes or forest.

Exclude ponds, sloughs, marshes, treed swamps, lakes, and other water surfaces.

Number of [unit of measure]
OR
No natural vegetation on this operation

Q5. In 2021, how many [unit of measure] of the following crop types were grown on this operation?

Include all land used by this operation, i.e., owned, rented, leased or crop-shared.

Exclude any land rented or crop-shared to others.

Note: Count any land areas that were used for multiple purposes only once.

Report 0 if no crops were grown in 2021.

Forage crops grown for hay, silage or seed
Include grass, clover, alfalfa mixtures, tame hay etc.
Field crops used for grain, seed, or feed
Include cereals, oilseeds, corn, pulses and other field crops.
Vegetables, fruit, berries or nuts grown for sale
Include potatoes and sugar beets.
All other crop types
Specify all other crop types

Q6. In 2021, did this operation use any land other than those reported in question 4 for pasture?

Include any tame, seeded or natural land, or woodland used for pasture.

Yes
- How many [unit of measure]?
No

Crop sales

Q1. Of the forage crops that were harvested in 2021, were any sold or will any be sold from this operation?

Include grass, clover, alfalfa mixtures and tame hay harvested for hay, silage or seed.

Yes
Approximately what percentage was or will be sold?
- Less than 25%
- 25% to less than 50%
- 50% to less than 75%
- 75% to less than 100%
- 100%
No

Q2. Of the field crops that were harvested in 2021, were any sold or will any be sold from this operation?

Include cereals, oilseeds, corn, pulses and other field crops harvested for grain, seed or feed.

Yes
Approximately what percentage was or will be sold?
- Less than 25%
- 25% to less than 50%
- 50% to less than 75%
- 75% to less than 100%
- 100%
No

Feeding practices (Dairy/Beef)

The following questions are about the feeding practices for [dairy/beef] cattle on this operation.

Q1. In 2021, was any of the forage feed consumed by [dairy/beef] cattle grown on this operation?

Include all hay, silage and green feed from forages and field crops.

Exclude pasture, grains, grain-based products and protein supplements.

Note: Press the help button (?) for additional information.

Yes
What percentage was grown on this operation?
- Less than 25%
- 25% to less than 50%
- 50% to less than 75%
- 75% to less than 100%
- 100%
No

Q2. In 2021, was grain-based feed provided to beef cattle on this operation?

Q3. In 2021, was any of the grain-based feed consumed by [dairy/beef] cattle grown on this operation?

Include all grains, grain-based products and protein supplements.

Exclude all pasture and forages.

Yes
What percentage was grown on this operation?
- Less than 25%
- 25% to less than 50%
- 50% to less than 75%
- 75% to less than 100%
- 100%
No
Which of the following best describes how this feed was purchased or provided?
- It was purchased or provided as pre-mixed feed
- It was purchased or provided as separate feed ingredients

Feeding practices (Poultry)

Q1. In 2021, was any of the feed consumed by poultry grown on this operation?

Exclude crops sold to a feed mill and then purchased as part of a total feed ration.

Yes
What percentage was grown on this operation?
- Less than 25%
- 25% to less than 50%
- 50% to less than 75%
- 75% to less than 100%
- 100%
No

Q2. In 2021, which of the following crop types were grown on this operation and provided feed to poultry?

Note: Press the help button (?) for additional information.

Select all that apply.

Corn or sorghum
Cereals
e.g., barley, oats, wheat, rye, triticale
Oilseeds
e.g., soybean, canola, sunflower
Pulses
e.g., peas, lentils, chickpeas
Other
Specify other crop types

Management of birds

Q1. In 2021, please indicate whether the following products were used to maintain or improve the health or productivity of [birds for meat] on this operation.

Antibiotics to prevent infection outbreaks
Include coccidiostats.
Antibiotics for treating infections
Include coccidiostats.
Vaccines administered or provided on farm
Extra minerals and vitamins above pre-mix
e.g., electrocytes, super booster
Probiotics
e.g., lactobacillus
Bentonite or Yeast Cell Wall
Acidifier added to water or feed
Other products

Q2. Please specify the other products used to maintain or improve the health or productivity of [birds for meat].

Other products

Q3. In 2021, please indicate whether the following products were used to maintain or improve the health or productivity of egg laying hens on this operation.

Antibiotics to prevent infection outbreaks
Include coccidiostats.
Antibiotics for treating infections
Include coccidiostats.
Vaccines
Extra minerals and vitamins above pre-mix
e.g., electrocytes, super booster
Probiotics
e.g., lactobacillus
Bentonite or Yeast Cell Wall
Acidifier added to water or feed
Other products

Q4. Please specify the other products used to maintain or improve the health or productivity of egg laying hens.

Other products

Q5. In 2021, please indicate whether the following products were used to maintain or improve the health or productivity of [birds for breeding] on this operation.

Antibiotics to prevent infection outbreaks
Include coccidiostats.
Antibiotics for treating infections
Include coccidiostats.
Vaccines administered or provided on farm
Extra minerals and vitamins above pre-mix
e.g., electrocytes, super booster
Probiotics
e.g., lactobacillus
Bentonite or Yeast Cell Wall
Acidifier added to water or feed
Other products

Q6. Please specify the other product used to maintain or improve the health or productivity of [birds for breeding].

Other product

Feeding practices (Pig)

Q1. In 2021, was any of the feed consumed by pigs grown on this operation?

Exclude crops sold to a feed mill and then purchased as part of a total feed ration.

Yes
What percentage was grown on this operation?
- Less than 25%
- 25% to less than 50%
- 50% to less than 75%
- 75% to less than 100%
- 100%
No
Which of the following best describes how this feed was purchased or provided?
- It was purchased or provided as a total pre-mixed feed
- It was purchased or provided as separate feed ingredients

Q2. In 2021, which of the following crop types grown on this operation provided feed to pigs?

Select all that apply.

Corn or sorghum
Cereals
e.g., barley, oats, wheat, rye, triticale
Oilseeds
e.g., soybean, canola, sunflower
Pulses
e.g., peas, lentils, chickpeas
Other
Specify other crop types

Q3. In 2021, what percentage of feed provided to pigs on this operation used the following methods?

Dry feeder
Wet and dry feeder
Liquid feeder
All other methods
Specify all other methods

Q4. In 2021, please indicate which of the following practices were used to maintain or improve the health or productivity of [pigs] on this operation.

Antibiotics to prevent infection outbreaks
Include coccidiostats.
Antibiotics for treating infections
Include coccidiostats.
Amino acids
Extra minerals above pre-mix
e.g., zinc, copper
Probiotics or prebiotics
Acidifier added to water or feed
Other practice

Q5. Please specify the other practices used to maintain or improve the health or productivity of [pigs].

Other practices

Feed rations (Dairy)

The following questions concern the feed ration currently fed to [dairy cattle] on this operation.

Q1. What percentage of the ration currently fed to [dairy cattle] comes from the following sources, regardless of where it was grown?

Report percentages based on actual weight.

Forages

Corn silage
Other field crop silage, greenfeed or hay
e.g., cereals, oilseeds, pulses
Grasses
e.g., timothy, fescues, wheat grasses, rye gasses, orchard grass, brome grass
Legumes
e.g., alfalfa, clover, sainfoin, trefoil, vetches
Straw
All other sources of forages
Specify all other sources of forages

Grain-based feed

Corn grain
Cereal grain
e.g., barley, wheat, oats, triticale
Protein or amino acid supplements
All other sources of grain-based feed
Specify all other sources of grain-based feed

Q2. What quantity of grain-based feed is currently fed per [dairy cattle] each day?

Quantity, Unit of measure

Q3. In 2021, please indicate whether the following products were used to maintain or improve the health or productivity of [dairy cattle].

Note: Press the help button (?) for additional information.

Buffers
e.g., sodium bicarbonate, Mag-Ox
Rumen modifiers
e.g., yeast or yeast culture, probiotics, prebiotics
Rumensin
Supplemental B-vitamins
Mycotoxin binders
e.g., bentonite, Yeast Cell Wall, glucomannan products, enzymes
Rumen stable or protected fat
e.g., palm fat
Other products

Q4. Please specify the other products used to maintain or improve the health or productivity of [dairy cattle].

Other products

Feed rations (Beef)

The following questions concern the feed ration currently fed to [beef cattle] on this operation.

Q1. Are any [beef cattle] currently being fed hay, silage, or green feed?

Note: Press the help button (?) for additional information.

Q2. What percentage of the ration currently fed to [beef cattle] comes from the following sources, regardless of where it was grown?

Report the percentage of the complete recipe.

The total for all the ingredients should not be superior to 100%.

Forages

Corn silage
Other field crop silage, greenfeed or hay
e.g., cereals, oilseeds, pulses
Grasses
e.g., timothy, fescues, wheat grasses, rye gasses, orchard grass
Legumes
e.g., alfalfa, clover, sainfoin, trefoil, vetches
Other sources of forages
Specify other source of forages

Grain-based feed

Corn grain
Cereal grain
e.g., barley, wheat, oats, triticale
Protein or amino acid supplements
Other source of grain-based feed
Specify other source of grain-based feed

Q3. What quantity of grain-based feed is currently fed per [beef cattle] each day?

Quantity, Unit of measure

Q4. In 2021, were the following products used to maintain or improve the health or productivity of [beef cattle].

Note: Press the help button (?) for additional information.

Antibiotics to prevent infection outbreaks
Antibiotics for treating infections
Ionophores
Ear implants
Ractopamine or Zilpaterol
Rumen modifiers
e.g., yeast or yeast culture, probiotics, prebiotics
Bentonite, Yeast Cell Wall, glucomannan products, or enzymes
Other product

Q5. Specify the other products used to maintain or improve the health or productivity of [beef cattle].

Other products

Feed rations (Pig)

Please complete the following question for the feed ration currently being fed to [pigs] on this operation.

Q1. What percentage of the ration fed to [pigs] consists of the following?

Corn or sorghum
Cereals
e.g., barley, oats, wheat, rye, triticale
Oilseeds
e.g., soybean, canola, sunflower
Pulses
e.g., peas, lentils, chickpeas
Animal proteins
e.g., whey, skim milk powder
All other sources
Specify all other sources

Grazing management (Dairy)

Include all land used by this operation, i.e., owned, rented, leased or crop-shared.

Exclude any land rented or crop-shared to others.

Q1. Between April and October 2021, did dairy cattle graze on this operation?

Q2. What was the total area of land grazed by dairy cattle during this time?

Area of land grazed in [unit of measure]

Q3. What type of dairy cattle grazed on this operation during this time?

Select all that apply.

Milking cows
Dry cows
Replacement heifers, one year and over
Calves, under one year

Q4. Between April and October 2021, how many weeks were the following grazing management practices used for [milking cows/replacement heifers]?

If not applicable, please answer 0.

Milking cows

Grazing on pasture, with supplemental feed provided
e.g., hay, grain
Grazing on pasture with no supplemental feed

Replacement heifers

Grazing on pasture, with supplemental feed provided
e.g., hay, grain
Grazing on pasture with no supplemental feed

Winter feeding management

Include all land used by this operation, i.e., owned, rented, leased or crop-shared.

Exclude any land rented or crop-shared to others.

Q1. Since November 2021, did any beef cattle graze or feed in an open field or pasture on this operation?

Q2. Since November 2021, which of the following types of beef cattle on this operation grazed or were fed in an open field or pasture most often?

Finishing heifers or steers
Backgrounding heifers or steers
Cows with or without calves
Replacement heifers

Q3. Since November 2021, how many weeks have the following management practices been used for [beef cattle]?

Grazing in an open field or pasture without supplemental feed brought on site
Grazing in an open field or pasture with supplemental feed brought on site
In an open field or pasture relying mostly on feed brought on site

Q4. Which of the following types of vegetation were grazed by [beef cattle] during this time?

Select all that apply.

Residues or aftermath growth from harvested field crops
Include stubble, straw, chaff, volunteer crop and weed growth.
Swathed, cut or windrowed crops
e.g., swath grazing
Standing corn
Other standing dormant vegetation
e.g., stockpiled forages, cover crops
Other type of vegetation
Specify other type of vegetation

Q5. Since November 2021, what type of feed was fed to [beef cattle] in an open field or pasture?

Select all that apply.

Whole bales of hay or straw
e.g., bale grazing
Unrolled bales of hay or straw
Processed hay, silage or straw fed on the ground in a windrow or pile
Processed hay, silage or straw fed in a trough
Grain or other supplements
Specify grain or other supplements

Q6. Which of the following statements best describes the placement of feed during this time?

Feed was provided in the same location for the entire winter feeding season
Feed was provided several times in the same location and then moved to a different location
Feed was provided only once in the same location, with subsequent feedings always in a new location
Other placement
Specify other placement

Q7. From year to year, is feed placed in the same locations for winter feeding?

Yes
How often is feed placed in the same location?
- Every year
- Every two years
- Every three to five years
- Less frequently than every five years
No

Q8. Which of the following methods were used to provide winter shelter to beef cattle while in an open field or pasture?

Select all that apply.

Natural tree bluffs and wooded areas in field
Planted shelterbelts in field
Constructed stationary windbreaks or shelters in field
Portable windbreaks or shelters, moved to different locations in field
Cattle walked to farmyard for shelter
e.g., farmstead shelterbelt, stationary windbreak, barn
Other method
Specify other method

Grazing management (Beef)

Include all land used by this operation, i.e., owned, rented, leased or crop-shared.

Exclude any land rented or crop-shared to others.

Q1. In 2021, which of the following practices were used on pasture land to achieve optimal grazing pressure or livestock distribution?

Select all that apply.

Mobile electric fencing
Strategic placement of salt, minerals, water sources
Shade or shelter
Moved beef cattle to different areas within a large field
Other practice
Specify other practice
OR
No practices were used

Q2. In 2021, which of the following practices were used on pasture land?

Select all that apply.

Irrigated
Applied fertilizer
Applied manure
Removed trees, controlled weeds or brush
Also used land for hay or silage
Reseeded for pasture use
Broke up pasture to convert to crop production
Other practice
Specify other practice
OR
No practices were used

Q3. Between April and October 2021, which of the following types of beef cattle on this operation grazed most often?

Finishing heifers or steers
Backgrounding heifers or steers
Cows with or without calves
Replacement heifers

Q4. Between April and October 2021, how many weeks were the following grazing management practices used for [beef cattle]?

Grazing on pasture, with supplemental feed provided
e.g., hay, grain
Grazing on pasture with no supplemental feed provided

The following questions concern a specific paddock; an enclosed area of pasture land, that was used for grazing primarily [beef cattle] between April and October 2021.

Q5. What was the total area of this paddock?

[unit of measure]

Q6. Between April and October 2021, on average, what was the number of [beef cattle] in this paddock when it was being grazed?

Exclude calves for cow/calf pairs.

Average number of animals

Q7. What was the average length of time [beef cattle] grazed this paddock before being moved to another [paddock, or were given access to an ungrazed area within this paddock using mobile electric fencing]?

Less than three days
Three days to less than a week
One week to less than two weeks
Two weeks to less than a month
One month to less than two months
Two months or more
Beef cattle kept in the same paddock and had access to the whole paddock for the entire grazing season

Q8. Between April and October 2021, how many times was this paddock used for grazing?

Note: To be counted as a separate grazing period, there must be a length of time in between where the paddock is not being grazed.

One time
Two times
Three times
Four times
Five or more times

Q9. What is the most common species composition in this paddock?

Mostly natural grasses
Mostly planted grasses
Mixture of tame grasses and legumes
Cereal or cover crops
e.g., barley, oats, rye
Other composition
Specify other composition

Q10. Does this paddock contain any of the following?

Select all that apply.

Trees or shrubs
Wetlands
Edible weeds
Unedible weeds

Livestock access to surface water

The following questions concern all grazing land and open field feeding areas on this operation.

Q1. In 2021, were any pastures, grazing paddocks, or open field feeding areas adjacent to surface water?

Q2. In 2021, what type of access did livestock have to surface water, in these areas?

Unlimited access
Limited access
No access

Q3. In 2021, which of the following were used to restrict access to surface water?

Select all that apply.

Fencing along shoreline
Remote or offsite water system to a trough
Access ramps for direct watering
Stream crossings
Limited or controlled grazing in riparian areas or adjacent to surface water
Feeding or bedding sites located away from water bodies
Other
Specify other restrictions

Manure management

Q1. In 2021, was manure stored on this operation?

Include manure stored in a pit, pile, tank, lagoon or other structure.

Exclude manure left in barns, pens, corrals or bedding areas.

Q2. In 2021, was most of this manure stored as

liquid manure
Include semi-solid.
solid manure
equal amounts of solid and liquid manure

Q3. In 2021, was any of the manure produced by [birds/animals] removed from this operation?

Include manure sold or given away to another operation.

Exclude any manure applied to the land or moved to another location on the operation.

Yes
What percentage of this manure was removed?
- Less than 25%
- 25% to less than 50%
- 50% to less than 75%
- 75% to less than 100%
- 100%
No

Liquid manure storage and treatment

Q1. In 2021, was there more than one structure used to store liquid manure on this operation?

Consider multi-cell structures, where one cell overflows into another cell, as one structure.

The following questions concern the structure that held the largest amount of liquid manure on the operation in 2021.

Q2. In 2021, which of the following best describes the structure that held the largest amount of liquid manure on this operation?

Multi-cell below ground lagoon, pit, or tank, where one cell overflows to another
How many cells make up this system?
Earthen lagoon or pit
Other below-ground tank or pit (outside of building)
Above-ground tank (outside of building)
Partial below ground tank or pit (outside of building)
Pit or tank below slats or floor in building
Other structure
Specify other structure

Q3. In 2021, approximately what percentage of the total amount of liquid manure stored on this operation, was stored in this storage structure?

Include what is stored in all cells of this system.

Less than 50%
50% to 75%
76% to 95%
More than 95%

Q4. How many months of manure production can this storage structure hold?

Include what is stored in all cells of this system.

Less than three months
Three to less than five months
Five months to a year
More than a year

Q5. What is the total capacity of this storage structure?

Include what is stored in all cells of this system.

Total capacity, Unit of measure

Q6. What is the depth (at the deepest part) of this storage structure?

If cells have different depths provide the average value.

Depth, Unit of measure

Q7. How would you like to report the surface measurement of this storage structure?

Provide the surface measurement for one cell. If the cells have different surface sizes, provide the average value.

Surface area
Surface area of storage structure
Surface area, Unit of measure
Diameter (round structure)
Diameter of storage structure
Diameter length, Unit of measure
Length X Width (square or rectangular structure)
Length X Width of storage structure
Length, Width, Unit of measure

Q8. In 2021, what was the covering system for this storage structure?

A cover is typically a tarp or other type of material that lies on the surface of stored manure.

Exclude naturally forming crust.

No Cover
Concrete
Structure with roof
Straw
Floating cover in contact with surface of manure
e.g., geomembrane, tarp
Other covering system
Specify other covering system

Q9. In 2021, which of the following practices were used to manage or treat all liquid manure stored on this operation?

Select all that apply.

Agitated prior to land application
Aerated to increase oxygen and facilitate decomposition
Mechanically separated coarse solids
Exclude natural separation from multi-cell lagoons.
Mixed with additives to prevent solid settling, reduce odour, modify composition, etc.
Anaerobic biodigester or methane capture from a sealed cover
Other
Specify other practice
OR
No practices used

Solid manure storage and treatment

Q1. In 2021, which of the following methods were used to store solid manure on this operation?

Select all that apply.

Storage piles in farmyard
Storage piles in field or at edge of field
Pits below barns
Other method
Specify other method

Q2. In 2021, which of the following was used to store most of the solid manure?

Storage piles in farmyard
Storage piles in field or at edge of field
Pits below barns
[Other method]

Q3. In 2021, did any of the [storage types] have a

A cover is typically a tarp or other type of material that lies on the surface of stored manure.

concrete or impermeable pad
runoff containment
roof
cover

Q4. In 2021, which of the following practices were used to manage or treat any of the solid manure stored on this operation?

Select all that apply.

Occasionally turned or mixed to encourage partial decomposition
Actively composted
i.e., ensured proper temperature, moisture, and carbon-nitrogen ratio
Mixed with additives to modify odour, pH, nutrients etc.
Added to an anaerobic digestion system
Other practice
Specify other practice
OR
No practices used

Q5. On average, how long is solid manure stored before it is applied to land or removed from the operation?

Less than six months
Six months to under a year
One to two years
More than two years

Manure land application

Q1. Between October 2020 and September 2021, was manure applied on cropland?

Q2. What type of manure was applied to this cropland?

Mostly liquid manure
Mostly solid manure
Equal amounts of liquid and solid manure

Q3. Between October 2020 and September 2021, was [solid/liquid manure] applied to land used for forage crops?
e.g., grass, alfalfa, clover

Yes
How many [unit of measure] received [solid/liquid manure]?
Area
No

Q4. Between October 2020 and September 2021, was [solid/liquid manure] applied to land used for field crops?

Yes
How many [unit of measure] received [solid/liquid manure]?
Area
No

Liquid manure land application (Field crops)

Q1. How often is liquid manure tested for nutrient content?

Every year
Every two to three years
Every four to five years
Every six years or more
Do not test liquid manure

Q2. Between October 2020 and September 2021, which field crop received liquid manure to the largest area of land?

Barley
Buckwheat
Canary seed
Canola (rapeseed)
Chick peas
Include garbanzo beans
Corn for grain
Corn for silage
Dry field peas
Exclude fresh green peas.
Dry white beans (navy and pea beans)
Flaxseed
Lentils
Mustard seed
Oats
Fall rye (seeded in late summer or fall 2021)
Spring rye
Soybeans
Sunflowers (standard and dwarf varieties)
Triticale
Spring wheat
Durum wheat
Winter wheat (seeded in late summer or fall 2021)
Other dry beans
e.g., pinto, kidney, cranberry beans, lima, great northern
[Other field crop]

Q3. Thinking of all liquid manure spread on field crops between October 2020 and September 2021, what percentage of that manure was applied during each of the following time periods?

October to December 2020
January to March 2021
April to June 2021
July to September 2021

Q4. During the last five years, approximately how often was liquid manure applied to land used to grow field crops?

If frequency varied for different fields or crop types, select all that apply.

At least once a year
Once every two years
Once every three years
Less than once every three years
Some cropland never received liquid manure

Q5. Which of the following methods were used to apply liquid manure to land used to grow field crops?

Report the most common practice for all field cropland where liquid manure was applied.

Select all that apply.

Direct injection into the soil
Narrow bands on soil surface, below crop canopy
e.g., trailing hose, sleighfoot, sidedress
Broadcast on surface and not worked into the soil
Broadcast on surface and worked into the soil
In general, when was this liquid manure worked into the soil?
- Within four hours of application
- Day of application, but more than four hours after application
- One to two days after application
- Three to five days after application
- More than five days after application

Liquid manure land application (Forage crops)

Q1. How often is liquid manure tested for nutrient content?

Every year
Every two to three years
Every four to five years
Every six years or more
Do not test liquid manure

Q2. Thinking of all liquid manure spread on forage land between October 2020 and September 2021, what percentage of that manure was applied during each of the following time periods?

October to December 2020
January to March 2021
April to June 2021
July to September 2021

Q3. During the last five years, approximately how often was liquid manure applied to land used to grow forage crops?

If this varies for different fields or forage types, select all that apply.

At least once a year
Once every two years
Once every three years
Less than once every three years
Some forage land never received liquid manure

Q4. Between October 2020 and September 2021, which of the following received more liquid manure?

Established forage stands
Land prior to seeding a new forage stand

Q5. Which of the following methods were used to apply liquid manure to [established forage stands/land prior to seeding forage crops]?

Select all that apply.

Direct injection into the soil
Narrow bands on soil surface, below crop canopy
e.g., trailing hose, sleighfoot, sidedress
Broadcast on surface and not worked into the soil
Broadcast on surface and worked into the soil
In general, when was this liquid manure worked into the soil?
- Within four hours of application
- Day of application, but more than four hours after application
- One to two days after application
- Three to five days after application
- More than five days after application

Solid manure land application (Field crops)

Q1. How often is solid manure tested for nutrient content?

Every year
Every two to three years
Every four to five years
Every six years or more
Do not test solid manure

Q2. Thinking of all solid manure spread on field crops between October 2020 and September 2021, what percent of that manure was applied during the following time periods?

October to December 2020
January to March 2021
April to June 2021
July to September 2021

Q3. Which of the following methods were used to apply solid manure to land used to grow field crops?

Select all that apply.

Broadcast on surface and not worked into the soil
Broadcast on surface and worked into the soil
In general, when was this solid manure worked into the soil?
- Within four hours of application
- Day of application, but more than four hours after application
- One to two days after application
- Three to five days after application
- More than five days after application

Q4. During the last five years, approximately how often was solid manure applied to land used to grow field crops?

If frequency varied for different fields or crop types, select all that apply.

At least once a year
Once every two years
Once every three years
Less than once every three years
Some field crops never receive solid manure

Solid manure land application (Forage crops)

Q1. How often is solid manure tested for nutrient content?

Every year
Every two to three years
Every four to five years
Every six years or more
Do not test solid manure

Q2. Thinking of all solid manure spread on forage land between October 2020 and September 2021, what percentage of that manure was applied during each of the following time periods?

October to December 2020
January to March 2021
April to June 2021
July to September 2021

Q3. During the last five years, approximately how often was solid manure applied to land used to grow forage crops?

If this varies for different fields or forage types, select all that apply.

At least once a year
Once every two years
Once every three years
Less than once every three years
Some forage land never receives solid manure

Q4. Between October 2020 and September 2021, was solid manure applied to land prior to seeding forage crops?

Q5. In general, when was this solid manure worked into the soil?

Within four hours of application
Day of application, but more than four hours after application
One to two days after application
Three to five days after application
More than five days after application

Management style and innovation

Q1. In the last five years, 2017 to 2021, were any of the following used to manage staff requirements?

Select all that apply.

Adopted improved technology with lower staff requirements
Existing staff worked overtime
Temporary Foreign Workers program
Employee training and certification programs
Restructured farm operation to reduce or eliminate certain types of farm functions
e.g., grew less feed and purchased more
Other
Specify other method
OR
Not applicable

Q2. In 2021, were custom operators used to perform farm work on this operation related to [livestock/crop] production?

Q3. In 2021, which of the following tasks were performed by a custom operator?

Select all that apply.

Cleanout of manure from barn or corral
Manure application or transport off farm
Fertilizer application
Crop or forage seeding
Crop spraying
Crop or forage harvesting
Crop or forage transport
Custom feeding or grazing animals on another operation
Processing feed grown on this operation for [birds/animals] on this operation
Carcass disposal
Catching and moving poultry (off farm or to another barn)
Application of bedding or litter
Washing or disinfection of barn or pens
Custom feeding of [birds/animals] on another operation
Tillage
Seeding or planting
Manure or compost application
Pesticide application
Manure application
Fertilizer application
Spraying
Harvesting
Transport
Other
Specify other tasks

Q4. In 2021, which of the following activities used computer technology to enhance or improve this operation's [livestock/crop] production?

Select all that apply.

Recording [animal health] and production data
Other data collection
e.g., [livestock] video surveillance, field data collection using GPS or drones, barn air quality, feed or water consumption
Specify other data collection
Controlling farm equipment
e.g., [robotics, GPS controlled field operations, barn ventilation or lighting, feed delivery]
Specify farm equipment
Recording [field/forage/vegetable, fruit, berry and nut] crop production data
Use of specialized software for improved data analysis and information processing
Specify software
Other functions to enhance [livestock/crop] production
Specify other functions
OR
No computer based technology was used

The following questions concern innovation on this operation.

Innovation is the adoption of new or significantly improved products, processes or business practices on this operation. Innovations must be new to this operation but need not be new to the industry.

Q5. In the last three years, 2019 to 2021, did this operation produce any new or significantly improved crop products?
e.g., new crop varieties, cultivars, hybrids, enhanced product characteristics

Q6. Was this a [field/forage/vegetable, fruit, berry and nut] crop product?

Q7. Briefly describe the most important new or significantly improved [field/forage/vegetable, fruit, berry and nut] crop product that has been produced over the last three years.

Product

Q8. In the last three years, 2019 to 2021, did this operation produce any new or significantly improved livestock or poultry products?
e.g., type or breed raised, improved quality traits or grade, enhanced product characteristics

Q9. Was this a [poultry/livestock] product?

Q10. Briefly describe the most important new or significantly improved [poultry/livestock] product that has been produced over the last three years.

Description of product

Q11. In the last three years, 2019 to 2021, did this operation implement any new or significantly improved production practices?

Include:

feed management, animal housing, manure storage and treatment, livestock handling, grazing, biosecurity, other animal health and productivity practices
seeding or planting, rotations, fertilizer or manure application, pest management, irrigation, harvesting, crop storage, using GPS technology, other soil, land, or crop improvement practices
water management, organic farming, halal and other production practices.

Q12. Was this production practice related to [livestock/crop] production?

Q13. Briefly describe the most important new or significantly improved [livestock/crop] production practice that has been implemented over the last three years.

Description of product

Q14. In the last three years, 2019 to 2021, did this operation implement any new or significantly improved approaches to marketing?
e.g., types of contracts, futures or options, direct marketing

Q15. In the last three years, 2019 to 2021, did this operation implement any new or significantly improved business management practices?
e.g., approaches to labour requirements, business ownership / partnerships, acquiring inputs, new processing activities, financial processes, management improvements

Q16. Briefly describe the most important new or significantly improved business management practice, that has been implemented over the last three years.

Description of the practice

Q17. In the last three years, 2019 to 2021, how important were the following activities when deciding to try something new on this operation?

Obtaining advice and information from fellow farmers based on their experiences
Attending demonstration farms and field days to observe the innovation implemented
Attending workshops, seminars, meetings, conferences
Obtaining information from input companies
e.g., seed and feed dealers
Seeking information from independent consultants
Seeking information from regional specialist / extension officers
Reading detailed technical and financial information
Relying on own experiences
Participating in producer associations

Q18. In the last three years, 2019 to 2021, how important were the following factors when deciding to try something new on this operation?

Cost reduction or increase in production
Increase in value of product
e.g., superior quality, attributes or novel products
Environmental benefits
Benefits for work / family balance
Level of financial risk of the innovation compared to current practice
Access to financial resources to implement the innovation
e.g., loans, venture capital, other financing
Availability of information to assess the value of the innovation for your farm
Available time
Technical expertise to implement the innovation
Labour requirement
Worker safety

Q19. When it comes to the introduction of new or significantly improved products, processes, or practices does this operation tend to

be among the first to try something new
wait until at least a few others have tried it first
wait until it has been well tested
be among the last to try something new

Q20. In the last three years, 2019 to 2021, were any new or significantly improved products, production processes, or business management practices related to [livestock/crop] production considered but not implemented?

Q21. Briefly describe the most important new or significantly improved product, production process, or business management practice that was considered but not implemented.

Description

Environmental farm plan

Q1. Does this operation have a formal, written environmental farm plan?

Yes, plan is developed
Yes, plan is in development and being reviewed
No

Q2. What are the reasons why no environmental farm plan was created?

Select all that apply.

Too complicated
Too time consuming
Lack of information
Already participating in other environmental initiatives
Please specify the other environmental plan
Concerned with data privacy and enforcement issues
Other
Please specify the other reason

Q3. When was this environmental farm plan developed or last updated?

Less than two years ago
Two to less than five years ago
Five to less than 10 years ago
Ten or more years ago

Q4. To what extent were the practices identified in the action plan of your environmental farm plan implemented on your operation?

Practices fully implemented
Practices partially implemented
Practices not implemented

Q5. What is the main reason that you have not fully implemented practices in the action plan of your environmental farm plan?

Economic pressures
Lack of time
Lack of information
Don't accept recommendations
Other
Please specify the other reason