Table 2
Logistic regression model predicting the odds of being able to understand an Aboriginal language, off-reserve First Nations children aged 2 to 5, Canada, 2006

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  Odds ratio
Sociodemographic characteristics
Child's registered Indian status
Without † 1.0
With 2.0*
Child's living arrangements
Two parents † 1.0
One parent 1.0
Other (living with relatives or non-relatives only) 0.9
Parent's age (in years)
45 and over † 1.0
35 to 44 1.8
25 to 34 3.0*
24 and under 4.8*
Parent's level of education
Less than high school 1.2
High school † 1.0
Some postsecondary 0.9
Completed postsecondary 1.3
Household income (quintiles) 0.9
Household size (continuous) 1.0
Region
Atlantic 0.8
Quebec 0.9
Ontario 0.7
Manitoba 0.5*
Saskatchewan 0.7
Alberta 0.7
British Columbia 0.5*
Territories † 1.0
Home and family characteristics
Parent's mother tongue
Non-Aboriginal † 1.0
Aboriginal 2.1*
Exposure to Aboriginal languages at home
Less than daily1† 1.0
Daily2 6.6*
Parents help child to understand First Nations culture and history
No † 1.0
Yes 1.8*
Importance of speaking and understanding an Aboriginal language
Not very important / Not at all important † 1.0
Somewhat important / Very important 2.3*
Grandparents involved in raising the child
No † 1.0
Yes 1.4*
Other relatives involved in raising the child
No † 1.0
Yes 1.1
Grandparents help child to understand First Nations culture and history
No † 1.0
Yes 1.2
Uncles or aunts help child to understand First Nations culture and history
No † 1.0
Yes 1.4*
Focused attention ("talking or playing together") from grandparents
Less than daily3† 1.0
Daily2 0.9
Focused attention ("talking or playing together") from uncles or aunts
Less than daily3† 1.0
Daily2 0.9
Child care
Child care arrangements
Attends child care where Aboriginal languages are used 3.7*
Attends child care where Aboriginal languages are not used † 1.0
Does not attend any regular child care 1.5*
Teacher/child care provider helps child to understand First Nations culture and history
No † 1.0
Yes 2.3*
Community
Community as a … place with First Nations cultural activities
Fair / Poor † 1.0
Good / Very good / Excellent 1.4*
Exposure to Aboriginal languages at the home of others
Less than daily1† 1.0
Daily2 1.6*
Exposure to Aboriginal languages in the community
Less than daily1† 1.0
Daily2 0.7
Exposure to Aboriginal languages through media
Less than daily1† 1.0
Daily2 0.8
Participation in traditional activities such as singing, drum dancing, fiddling, gatherings and ceremonies
Less than monthly4† 1.0
At least monthly5 1.2
Participation in hunting, fishing, trapping, camping activities
Less than monthly4† 1.0
At least monthly5 1.4*
Participation in seasonal activities such as berry picking or gathering wild plants
Less than monthly4† 1.0
At least monthly5 0.9
† reference group
* statistically significant difference from reference group at p < 0.05
1. Includes responses of more than once a week, once a week, at least once a month, at least once a year, less than once a year and never.
2. Includes responses of more than once a day and once a day.
3. Includes responses of more than once a week, once a week, less than once a week and never.
4. Includes responses of at least once a year, less than once a year and never.
5. Includes responses of more than once a day, once a day, more than once a week, once a week and at least once a month.
Note: The analysis is based on 2,780 children with no missing values on any of the covariates included in the model. The model correctly classified 85% of cases in the sample.
Source: Statistics Canada, Aboriginal Children's Survey, 2006.