Table of contents

• Labour market activity and school attendance (ACT1)
• Support payments received (SCC1)
• Support payments paid (SCC2)
• Childcare expenses (SCC3)
• Inter-household transfers – amounts received (IHT1)
• Inter-household transfers – amounts paid (IHT2)
• Total personal income (INC1)
• Introduction to the disability screening questions (PDSQ)
• Disability screening questions (DSQ)
• Unmet health care needs (UCN)
• Financial difficulty due to disability (FDD)
• Owners and renters (DWL)
• Owners (OWN)
• Food security (FSC)

Labour market activity and school attendance (ACT1)
ACT1_R01	The next questions are about your activities between January and December 2020, as well as the activities of other members of your household.
ACT1_Q01 Q2	Did you work at a job or business in 2020?
	1. Yes
	2. No
ACT1_Q05 Q3	During 2020, how many weeks did you work at a job or business?
	Count every week worked, no matter the number of hours. Include: vacation, maternity or parental leave, illness, strikes, lock-outs
ACT1_Q10 Q4	During those weeks, how many hours did you usually work per week at all jobs?
	If the number of work hours varied from week to week, please provide an average.
ACT1_Q15 Q5	Considering all the jobs you held in 2020, did you work:
	Select all that apply.
	1. As an employee
	2. As self-employed
	3. In a family business without pay
ACT1_Q20 Q6	During 2020, how many weeks were you without work and looking for work?
	Include temporary lay-offs. Exclude weeks as a full-time student.
ACT1_Q25 Q7	What was your main activity during the weeks when you were neither working nor looking for work?
	1. Ill, or disabled and unable to work
	2. Took care of home or family
	3. Went to school
	4. Retired
	5. Other – Specify
ACT1_Q30 Q8	Did you attend a school, college, CEGEP or university at any time between January and December 2020?
	Include attendance only for courses that can be used as credit towards a certificate, diploma or degree.
	1. Yes
	2. No
ACT1_Q35 Q9	Were you enrolled as a full-time student, a part-time student or both full-time and part-time?
	1. A full-time student
	2. A part-time student
	3. Both full-time and part-time student
ACT1_Q40 Q10	Did you receive any money from a scholarship, bursary or fellowship in 2020?
	1. Yes
	2. No
ACT1_Q45 Q11	What was the total amount you received in 2020?
Support payments received (SCC1)
SCC1_R05	The next questions are about support payments and child care expenses.
SCC1_Q05 Q12	Between January and December 2020, did you receive support payments from a former spouse or partner?
	By support payments we mean a formal agreement for spousal support, alimony, separation allowance, or child support. Include only support payments actually received. Exclude gifts or additional transfers of money.
	1. Yes
	2. No
SCC1_Q10 Q13	What is your best estimate of the amount of support payments you received in 2020?
	Include only support payments actually received. Exclude gifts or additional transfers of money.
Support payments paid (SCC2)
SCC2_Q05 Q14	Between January and December 2020, did you make support payments to a former spouse or partner?
	By support payments we mean a formal agreement for spousal support, alimony, separation allowance, or child support. Include only support payments actually paid. Exclude gifts or additional transfers of money.
	1. Yes
	2. No
SCC2_Q10 Q15	What is your best estimate of the total amount you paid in support payments in 2020?
	Include only support payments actually paid. Exclude gifts or additional transfers of money.
Childcare expenses (SCC3)
SCC3_Q05 Q16	Between January and December 2020, did you pay for child care, so that you could work at your paid job(s)?
	Include child care paid during school holidays.
	1. Yes
	2. No
SCC3_Q10 Q17	What is your best estimate of the total amount you paid for child care in 2020?
	Please exclude any amount previously reported. Enter "0" if the entire amount was previously entered.
Inter-household transfers – amounts received (IHT1)
IHT1_R05	The next questions are about money transfers between people not living in the same dwelling.
IHT1_Q05 Q18	Excluding spousal and child support payments from a formal agreement, did anyone not living with you help to pay for your living expenses by giving you money or paying bills, between January and December 2020?
	1. Yes
	2. No
IHT1_Q10 Q19	Between January and December 2020, did anyone not living with you help to pay for your living expenses by giving you money or paying bills?
	1. Yes
	2. No
IHT1_Q15 Q20	In total, how much did you receive from anyone not living with you in 2020?
	Do not double-count any amounts received by the household that were already reported. Please enter "0" if the entire amount was previously entered.
Inter-household transfers – amounts paid (IHT2)
IHT2_Q05 Q21	Excluding spousal and child support payments from a formal agreement, did you help anyone not living with you pay for their living expenses by giving them money or paying their bills, between January and December 2020?
	1. Yes
	2. No
IHT2_Q10 Q22	Between January and December 2020, did you help anyone not living with you pay for their living expenses by giving them money or paying their bills?
	1. Yes
	2. No
IHT2_Q15 Q23	In total, how much did you give to anyone not living with you in 2020?
	Do not double-count any amounts paid by the household that were already reported. Please enter "0" if the entire amount was previously entered.
Total personal income (INC1)
INC1_R05	Now a question about total personal income.
INC1_Q05 Q24	What is your best estimate of your total personal income, before taxes and deductions, from all sources during the year ending December 31, 2020?
	Income can come from various sources such as from work, investments, pensions or government. Examples include Employment Insurance, social assistance, child benefits and other income such as child support, spousal support (alimony) and rental income. Capital gains should not be included in the personal income.
INC1_Q10 Q25	For the year ending December 31, 2020, can you estimate in which of the following groups your total personal income fell? Was it:
	1. Less than $30,000, including  income loss
	2. $30,000 and more
INC1_Q15 Q25	Please indicate the income range
	1. Less than $5,000
	2. $5,000 to less than $10,000
	3. $10,000 to less than $15,000
	4. $15,000 to less than $20,000
	5. $20,000 to less than $25,000
	6. $25,000 to less than $30,000
INC1_Q20 Q25	Please indicate the income range
	1. $30,000 to less than $40,000
	2. $40,000 to less than $50,000
	3. $50,000 to less than $60,000
	4. $60,000 to less than $70,000
	5. $70,000 to less than $80,000
	6. $80,000 to less than $90,000
	7. $90,000 to less than $100,000
	8. $100,000 and over
INC1_Q25 Q26	Does this amount include any social assistance payments?
	Exclude employment insurance (including for maternity leave), workers' compensation, Canada Pension Plan (CPP), Quebec Pension Plan (QPP) and child benefits.
	1. Yes
	2. No
Introduction to the disability screening questions (PDSQ)
PDSQ_R05	In order to reduce the length of the questionnaire and to obtain additional information about the relationship between income and persons with and without a disability, one person has been randomly selected in your household for the next set of questions.  In your household, you have been selected.
Disability screening questions (DSQ)
DSQ_R01	The following questions are about difficulties you may have doing certain activities. Only difficulties or long-term conditions that have lasted or are expected to last for six months or more should be considered.
DSQ_Q01 Q27	Do you have any difficulty seeing? Would you say:
	1. No
	2. Sometimes
	3. Often
	4. Always
	9. Don't know
DSQ_Q02 Q28	Do you wear glasses or contact lenses to improve your vision?
	Would you say:
	1. Yes
	2. No
	9. Don't know
DSQ_Q03 Q29	[Which/With your glasses or contact lenses, which] of the following best describes your ability to see?
	Would you say:
	1. No difficulty seeing
	2. Some difficulty seeing
	3. A lot of difficulty seeing
	4. You are legally blind
	5. You are blind
	9. Don't know
DSQ_Q04 Q30	How often does this [difficulty seeing/seeing condition] limit your daily activities?
	Would you say:
	1. Never
	2. Rarely
	3. Sometimes
	4. Often
	5. Always
	9. Don't know
DSQ_Q05 Q31	Do you have any difficulty hearing?
	Would you say:
	1. No
	2. Sometimes
	3. Often
	4. Always
	9. Don't know
DSQ_Q06 Q32	Do you use a hearing aid or cochlear implant?
	Would you say:
	1. Yes
	2. No
	9. Don't know
DSQ_Q07 Q33	[Which/With your hearing aid or cochlear implant, which] of the following best describes your ability to hear?
	Would you say:
	1. No difficulty hearing
	2. Some difficulty hearing
	3. A lot of difficulty hearing
	4. You cannot hear at all
	5. You are deaf
	9. Don't know
DSQ_Q08 Q34	How often does this [difficulty hearing/hearing condition] limit your daily activities?
	Would you say:
	1. Never
	2. Rarely
	3. Sometimes
	4. Often
	5. Always
	9. Don't know
DSQ_Q09 Q35	Do you have any difficulty walking, using stairs, using your hands or fingers or doing other physical activities?
	Would you say:
	1. No
	2. Sometimes
	3. Often
	4. Always
	9. Don't know
DSQ_R10	The following questions are about your ability to move around, even when using an aid such as a cane.
DSQ_Q10 Q36	How much difficulty do you have walking on a flat surface for 15 minutes without resting?
	This refers to your regular walking pace. If you use an aid for minimal support such as a cane, walking stick or crutches, please answer this question based on your ability to walk when using these aids.
	Would you say:
	1. No difficulty
	2. Some difficulty
	3. A lot of difficulty
	4. You cannot do at all
	9. Don't know
DSQ_Q11 Q37	How much difficulty do you have walking up or down a flight of stairs, about 12 steps without resting?
	This refers to your regular walking pace. If you use an aid for minimal support such as a cane, walking stick or crutches, please answer this question based on your ability to walk when using these aids.
	Would you say:
	1. No difficulty
	2. Some difficulty
	3. A lot of difficulty
	4. You cannot do at all
	9. Don't know
DSQ_Q12 Q38	How often [does this difficulty walking/does this difficulty using stairs/do these difficulties] limit your daily activities?
	Would you say:
	1. Never
	2. Rarely
	3. Sometimes
	4. Often
	5. Always
	9. Don't know
DSQ_Q13 Q39	How much difficulty do you have bending down and picking up an object from the floor?
	Would you say:
	1. No difficulty
	2. Some difficulty
	3. A lot of difficulty
	4. You cannot do at all
	9. Don't know
DSQ_Q14 Q40	How much difficulty do you have reaching in any direction, for example, above your head?
	Would you say:
	1. No difficulty
	2. Some difficulty
	3. A lot of difficulty
	4. You cannot do at all
	9. Don't know
DSQ_Q15 Q41	How often [does this difficulty bending down and picking up an object/'does this difficulty reaching/do these difficulties] limit your daily activities?
	Would you say:
	1. Never
	2. Rarely
	3. Sometimes
	4. Often
	5. Always
	9. Don't know
DSQ_Q16 Q42	How much difficulty do you have using your fingers to grasp small objects like a pencil or scissors?
	Would you say:
	1. No difficulty
	2. Some difficulty
	3. A lot of difficulty
	4. You cannot do at all
	9. Don't know
DSQ_Q17 Q43	How often does this difficulty using your fingers limit your daily activities?
	Would you say:
	1. Never
	2. Rarely
	3. Sometimes
	4. Often
	5. Always
	9. Don't know
DSQ_R18	The following questions are about pain due to a long-term condition that has lasted or is expected to last for six months or more.
DSQ_Q18 Q44	Do you have pain that is always present?
	Would you say:
	1. Yes
	2. No
	9. Don't know
DSQ_Q19 Q45	Do you [also] have periods of pain that reoccur from time to time?
	Would you say:
	1. Yes
	2. No
	9. Don't know
DSQ_Q20 Q46	How often does this pain limit your daily activities?
	If you have both pain that is always present and pain that reoccurs from time to time, consider the pain that bothers you the most. If your pain is controlled by medication or therapy, please answer this question based on when you are using medication or therapy.
	Would you say:
	1. Never
	2. Rarely
	3. Sometimes
	4. Often
	5. Always
	9. Don't know
DSQ_Q21 Q47	When you are experiencing this pain, how much difficulty do you have with your daily activities?
	If you have both pain that is always present and pain that reoccurs from time to time, consider the pain that bothers you the most. If your pain is controlled by medication or therapy, please answer this question based on when you are using medication or therapy.
	Would you say:
	1. No difficulty
	2. Some difficulty
	3. A lot of difficulty
	4. You cannot do most activities
	9. Don't know
DSQ_R22	Please answer only for difficulties or long-term conditions that have lasted or are expected to last for six months or more.
DSQ_Q22 Q48	Do you have any difficulty learning, remembering or concentrating?
	Would you say:
	1. No
	2. Sometimes
	3. Often
	4. Always
	9. Don't know
DSQ_Q23 Q49	Do you think you have a condition that makes it difficult in general for you to learn? This may include learning disabilities such as dyslexia, hyperactivity, attention problems, etc.
	Would you say:
	1. Yes
	2. No
	9. Don't know
DSQ_Q24 Q50	Has a teacher, doctor or other health care professional ever said that you had a learning disability?
	Would you say:
	1. Yes
	2. No
	9. Don't know
DSQ_Q25 Q51	How often are your daily activities limited by this condition?
	Would you say:
	1. Never
	2. Rarely
	3. Sometimes
	4. Often
	5. Always
	9. Don't know
DSQ_Q26 Q52	How much difficulty do you have with your daily activities because of this condition?
	Would you say:
	1. No difficulty
	2. Some difficulty
	3. A lot of difficulty
	4. You cannot do most activities
	9. Don't know
DSQ_Q27 Q53	Has a doctor, psychologist or other health care professional ever said that you had a developmental disability or disorder? This may include Down syndrome, autism, Asperger syndrome, mental impairment due to lack of oxygen at birth, etc.
	Would you say:
	1. Yes
	2. No
	9. Don't know
DSQ_Q28 Q54	How often are your daily activities limited by this condition?
	Would you say:
	1. Never
	2. Rarely
	3. Sometimes
	4. Often
	5. Always
	9. Don't know
DSQ_Q29 Q55	How much difficulty do you have with your daily activities because of this condition?
	Would you say:
	1. No difficulty
	2. Some difficulty
	3. A lot of difficulty
	4. You cannot do most activities
	9. Don't know
DSQ_Q30 Q56	Do you have any ongoing memory problems or periods of confusion?
	Exclude occasional forgetfulness such as not remembering where you put your keys.
	Would you say:
	1. Yes
	2. No
	9. Don't know
DSQ_Q31 Q57	How often are your daily activities limited by this problem?
	If the problem is controlled by medication or therapy, please answer this question based on when you are using your medication or therapy.
	Would you say:
	1. Never
	2. Rarely
	3. Sometimes
	4. Often
	5. Always
	9. Don't know
DSQ_Q32 Q58	How much difficulty do you have with your daily activities because of this problem?
	If the problem is controlled by medication or therapy, please answer this question based on when you are using medication or therapy.
	Would you say:
	1. No difficulty
	2. Some difficulty
	3. A lot of difficulty
	4. You cannot do most activities
	9. Don't know
DSQ_R33	Please remember that your answers will be kept strictly confidential.
DSQ_Q33 Q59	Do you have any emotional, psychological or mental health conditions?
	e.g., anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, substance abuse, anorexia, etc.
	Would you say:
	1. No
	2. Sometimes
	3. Often
	4. Always
	9. Don't know
DSQ_Q34 Q60	How often are your daily activities limited by this condition?
	If the condition is controlled by medication or therapy, please answer this question based on when you are using medication or therapy.
	Would you say:
	1. Never
	2. Rarely
	3. Sometimes
	4. Often
	5. Always
	9. Don't know
DSQ_Q35 Q61	When you are experiencing this condition, how much difficulty do you have with your daily activities?
	If the condition is controlled by medication or therapy, please answer this question based on when you are using medication or therapy.
	Would you say:
	1. No difficulty
	2. Some difficulty
	3. A lot of difficulty
	4. You cannot do most activities
	9. Don't know
DSQ_Q36 Q62	Do you have any other health problem or long-term condition that has lasted or is expected to last for six months or more?
	Exclude any health problems previously reported.
	Would you say:
	1. Yes
	2. No
	9. Don't know
DSQ_Q37 Q63	How often does this health problem or long-term condition limit your daily activities?
	If you have more than one other health problem or condition, please answer based on the health problem or condition that limits your daily activities the most.
	1. Never
	2. Rarely
	3. Sometimes
	4. Often
	5. Always
	9. Don't know
DSQ_R38	The following questions are about pain due to a long-term condition that has lasted or is expected to last for six months or more.
DSQ_Q38 Q64	Do you have pain that is always present?
	Would you say:
	1. Yes
	2. No
	9. Don't know
DSQ_Q39 Q65	Do you [also] have periods of pain that reoccur from time to time?
	Would you say:
	1. Yes
	2. No
	9. Don't know
DSQ_Q40 Q66	How often does this pain limit your daily activities?
	If you have both pain that is always present and pain that reoccurs from time to time, consider the pain that bothers you the most. If your pain is controlled by medication or therapy, please answer this question based on when you are using medication or therapy.
	Would you say:
	1. Never
	2. Rarely
	3. Sometimes
	4. Often
	5. Always
	9. Don't know
DSQ_Q41 Q67	When you are experiencing this pain, how much difficulty do you have with your daily activities?
	If you have both pain that is always present and pain that reoccurs from time to time, consider the pain that bothers you the most. If your pain is controlled by medication or therapy, please answer this question based on when you are using medication or therapy.
	Would you say:
	1. No difficulty
	2. Some difficulty
	3. A lot of difficulty
	4. You cannot do most activities
	9. Don't know
Unmet health care needs (UCN)
UCN_Q005 Q68	During the past 12 months, was there ever a time when you felt that you needed health care, other than homecare services, but you did not receive it?
	1. Yes
	2. No
UCN_Q010 Q69	Thinking of the most recent time you felt this way, why didn't you get care?
	Select all that apply.
	1. Care not available in the area
	2. Care not available at time required (e.g., doctor busy, away from office or no longer at that practice, inconvenient hours)
	3. Do not have a regular health care provider
	4. Waiting time too long
	5. Appointment was cancelled
	6. Felt would receive inadequate care
	7. Cost
	8. Decided not to seek care
	9. Doctor didn't think it was necessary
	10. Transportation issue
	11. Other
UCN_Q015 Q70	Again, thinking of the most recent time, what was the type of care that was needed?
	Select all that apply.
	1. Treatment of a chronic physical health condition diagnosed by a health professional
	2. Treatment of a chronic mental health condition diagnosed by a health professional
	3. Treatment of an acute infectious disease (e.g., cold, flu and stomach flu)
	4. Treatment of an acute physical condition (non-infectious)
	5. Treatment of an acute mental health condition (e.g., acute stress reaction)
	6. A regular check-up (including pre-natal care)
	7. Care of an injury
	8. Dental care
	9. Medication / Prescription refill
	10. Other
UCN_Q020 Q71	Did you actively try to obtain the health care that was needed?
	1. Yes
	2. No
UCN_Q025 Q72	Where did you try to get the service you were seeking?
	Select all that apply.
	1. A doctor's office
	2. A hospital outpatient clinic
	3. A community health centre [or CLSC]
	4. A walk-in clinic
	5. An emergency department or emergency room
	6. Other
Financial difficulty due to disability (FDD)
FDD_Q05 Q73	In 2020, have you and your household experienced significant financial difficulty because of a long term disability or health problem of a member of you household? Would you say:
	1. Yes, sometimes
	2. Yes, often
	3. No
Owners and renters (DWL)
DWL_R05	The next series of questions will be about your dwelling.
DWL_Q05 Q74	Is this dwelling part of a condominium development?
	1. Yes
	2. No
DWL_Q10 Q75	Is this dwelling in need of any repairs?
	Do not include desirable remodelling or additions.
	Would you say:
	1. No, only regular maintenance is needed, for example, painting, furnace cleaning
	2. Yes, minor repairs are needed, for example, missing or loose floor tiles, bricks or shingles, defective steps, railing or siding
	3. Yes, major repairs are needed, for example, defective plumbing or electrical wiring, structural repairs to walls, floors or ceilings
Owners (OWN)
OWN_Q05 Q76	Does anyone in your household operate a farm on this property?
	1. Yes
	2. No
OWN_Q10 Q77	Does anyone in your household operate a business from this dwelling or property?
	Property is interpreted as the land and buildings associated with the dwelling.
	1. Yes
	2. No
OWN_Q15 Q78	How many bedrooms are there in this dwelling?
	Please include all rooms designed as bedrooms even if they are now used for something else, for example, as guest rooms or television rooms. Do not count rooms used solely for business purposes. Include all rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. For a one-room dwelling or bachelor apartment, please enter zero.
OWN_Q20 Q79	Is there a mortgage on this dwelling?
	1. Yes
	2. No
OWN_Q25 Q80	Are property taxes included in your mortgage payments?
	1. Yes
	2. No
OWN_Q30 Q81	Do you have more than one mortgage on your dwelling?
	1. Yes
	2. No
OWN_Q35 Q82	How often do you make regular mortgage payments?
	1. Weekly
	2. Every two weeks
	3. Twice a month
	4. Monthly
	5. Quarterly
	6. Twice a year
	7. Annually
	8. Other – Specify
OWN_Q45 Q83	How much do you pay for each of these regular mortgage payments, including your property taxes?
	Exclude irregular and lump sum payments.
OWN_Q50 Q84	How much do you pay for each of these regular mortgage payments?
	Exclude irregular and lump sum payments.
OWN_Q55 Q85	How much do you pay monthly for all these mortgages, including your property taxes?
	Exclude irregular and lump sum payments.
OWN_Q65 Q87	What is the total annual property tax bill for this dwelling?
	Include school taxes, special service charges and local improvements.
OWN_Q70 Q88	Is water included in the payments just mentioned?
	Payments just mentioned could include mortgage payments and property taxes.
	1. Yes
	2. No
OWN_Q75 Q89	What is the regular monthly condominium fee for this dwelling?
OWN_Q80 Q90	Are any of the following items included in the payments just mentioned?
	Payments just mentioned could include mortgage payments, property taxes and condo fees. Select all that apply.
	1. Electricity
	2. Heating fuel
	3. Water
	4. None of the above
Food security (FSC)
FSC_R010	The following statements may describe the food situation for your household in the past 12 months. Please indicate if the statement was often true, sometimes true or never true for you and other household members in the past 12 months.
FSC_Q010A Q91a	You and other household members worried that food would run out before you got money to buy more
	1. Often true
	2. Sometimes true
	3. Never true
FSC_Q010B Q91b	The food that you and other household members bought just didn't last and there wasn't any money to get more
	1. Often true
	2. Sometimes true
	3. Never true
FSC_Q010C Q91c	You and other household members couldn't afford to eat balanced meals
	1. Often true
	2. Sometimes true
	3. Never true
FSC_Q010D Q91d	You or other adults in your household relied on only a few kinds of low-cost food to feed the children because you were running out of money to buy food
	1. Often true
	2. Sometimes true
	3. Never true
FSC_Q010E Q91e	You or other adults in your household couldn't feed the children a balanced meal because you couldn't afford it
	1. Often true
	2. Sometimes true
	3. Never true
FSC_Q015 Q92	The children were not eating enough because you or other adults in your household just couldn't afford enough food. Would you say:
	1. Often true
	2. Sometimes true
	3. Never true
FSC_R020	The following few questions are about the food situation in the past 12 months for you or any other adults in your household.
FSC_Q020A Q93	In the past 12 months, since last [current month], did you or other adults in your household ever cut the size of your meals or skip meals because there wasn't enough money for food?
	1. Yes
	2. No
FSC_Q020B Q93	How often did this happen? Was it:
	1. Almost every month
	2. Some months but not every month
	3. Only 1 or 2 months
FSC_Q025A Q94	In the past 12 months, did you (personally) ever eat less than you felt you should because there wasn't enough money to buy food?
	1. Yes
	2. No
FSC_Q025B Q95	In the past 12 months, were you (personally) ever hungry but didn't eat because you couldn't afford enough food?
	1. Yes
	2. No
FSC_Q025C Q96	In the past 12 months, did you (personally) lose weight because you didn't have enough money for food?
	1. Yes
	2. No
FSC_Q030 Q97	In the past 12 months, did you or other adults in your household ever not eat for a whole day because there wasn't enough money for food?
	1. Yes
	2. No
FSC_Q035 Q97	How often did this happen? Was it:
	1. Almost every month
	2. Some months but not every month
	3. Only 1 or 2 months
FSC_R040A	Now, a few questions on the food experiences for children in your household.
FSC_Q040A Q98	In the past 12 months, did you or other adults in your household ever cut the size of any of the children's meals because there wasn't enough money for food?
	1. Yes
	2. No
FSC_Q040B Q99	In the past 12 months, did any of the children ever skip meals because there wasn't enough money for food?
	1. Yes
	2. No
FSC_Q040C Q99	How often did this happen? Was it:
	1. Almost every month
	2. Some months but not every month
	3. Only 1 or 2 months
FSC_Q040D Q100	In the past 12 months, were any of the children ever hungry but you just couldn't afford more food?
	1. Yes
	2. No
FSC_Q040E Q101	In the past 12 months, did any of the children ever not eat for a whole day because there wasn't enough money for food?
	1. Yes
	2. No

1. Who needs to complete a Census of Agriculture questionnaire?

Any person responsible for operating a farm or an agricultural operation should complete a Census of Agriculture questionnaire.

2. What is the definition of an agricultural operator?

The Census of Agriculture uses the word operator to define a person responsible for the management and/or financial decisions made in the production of agricultural commodities. An agricultural operation can have more than one operator, such as a husband and wife, a father and son, two sisters, or two neighbours.

The terms "agricultural operator" and "operation" are used in the census because they are broader in scope than "farmer" and "farm", and better reflect the range of agricultural businesses from which the Census of Agriculture collects data. For example, the term "farm" would not usually be associated with operations such as maple sugar bushes, mushroom houses, ranches or feedlots.

3. How is an agricultural operation defined?

An agricultural operation is defined as a farm or agricultural holding that produces agricultural products and reports revenues or expenses for tax purposes to the Canada Revenue Agency.

Agricultural products include:

• Crops:
  • hay and field crops (hay, grains, field peas, beans, potatoes, coriander and other spices, etc.)
  • vegetables (all vegetables, herbs, rhubarb, melons, garlic, gourds, etc.)
  • sod, nursery products and Christmas trees
  • fruits, berries or nuts (apples, other fruit trees, grapes, blueberries and other berries, saskatoons, hazelnuts, etc.)
  • seed
• Poultry:
  • laying hens and pullets
  • layer and broiler breeders
  • broilers, roasters and Cornish
  • turkeys
  • other poultry (geese, ducks, roosters, ostriches, emus, pheasants, quail, pigeons, etc.)
  • commercial poultry hatcheries
• Livestock:
  • cattle and calves
  • pigs
  • sheep and lambs
  • other livestock (horses, goats, llamas, alpacas, rabbits, bison, elk, deer, wild boars, mink, fox, donkeys, mules, chinchillas, etc.)
• Animal products:
  • milk or cream
  • eggs
  • wool
  • fur
  • meat
• Other agricultural products:
  • greenhouse products
  • mushrooms
  • maple products
  • bees owned (for honey or pollination)
• Other products or activities considered agricultural operations according to the Census of Agriculture are:
  • harvesting wild rice
  • sprouting alfalfa or beans
  • growing mushrooms on logs in a controlled environment
  • wineries, if they grow any grapes or fruit
  • garden centres if they grow any of their products
  • hay processing or dehydration plants if they grow hay on land they own or lease

The following are NOT considered agricultural operations according to the Census of Agriculture:

• Operations that harvest or grow only:
  • peat moss
  • top soil
  • gravel
  • fish (wild or aquaculture)
  • silviculture products
  • wild cones, wild Christmas trees, logs, firewood, pulpwood, evergreen boughs, etc.
  • wild berries, wild plants, wild mushrooms, etc.
  • all wild animals
  • racing pigeons
  • worms
  • crickets, rats, mice, etc., for pet stores
  • laboratory animal production
  • all pets (dogs, cats, pot-bellied pigs, guinea pigs, finches, budgies, etc.), including kennels for pets

4. Are hobby farms included in the Census of Agriculture?

Yes. Farms with very low farm revenues—commonly called "hobby farms"—are included, as long as the operation produces agricultural products and reports revenues or expenses for tax purposes to the Canada Revenue Agency.

5. Why do operators of small operations have to complete the Census of Agriculture questionnaire?

The Census of Agriculture enumerates small operations because it is important that the total farm area and the total inventory of all crops, livestock and other agricultural products in Canada be counted. As a group, all the small agricultural operations contribute significantly to agricultural inventories.

6. How does the Census of Agriculture benefit farm operators?

When an agricultural operator completes and returns a Census of Agriculture questionnaire, it adds another voice to the quarter of a million answers that are reflected in census data. As a whole, they provide the only definitive statistical picture of Canada's farm sector available to farmers' own organizations and to agriculture policy-makers. The media also interpret census data, bringing current issues to the forefront of public attention.

Although Statistics Canada conducts other agriculture surveys, only the Census of Agriculture provides data at the local level. Its community-level data ensure that the issues affecting farmers, farm communities and agricultural operations are included in the decisions that affect them and their livelihood.

• Operators can use census data to make production, marketing and investment decisions.
• Producer groups and marketing agencies use census data in their non-government organizations to tell Canadians and government how they are doing economically.
• Companies supplying agricultural products and services use the data to determine locations for their service centres.
• Government policy advisors use the data to help develop programs related to safety nets and agricultural workers for the agriculture sector.
• Operators can keep abreast of trends through the analysis of Census of Agriculture data published by the agriculture media.
• Agriculture websites can target their information based on current trends and needs in the sector identified by census data.
• Governments and farm organizations use census data to evaluate the impact of natural disasters on agriculture (such as floods, drought and storms) and react appropriately.

7. What is the legal authority for the Census of Agriculture?

The mandate to conduct the Census of Agriculture every 10 years comes from the Constitution Act–1867 (formerly the British North America Act [BNA]).

Over the decades, the mandate to conduct a census in the Constitution Act–1867 was augmented by the Statistics Act–1970, which stipulates that

"A census of agriculture of Canada shall be taken by Statistics Canada

• in the year 1971 and in every tenth year thereafter; and
• in the year 1976 and in every tenth year thereafter, unless the Governor in Council otherwise directs in respect of any such year."

1970-71-72, c. 15, s. 19.

8. Is it mandatory to answer and return the questionnaire?

Yes. Under the Statistics Act, agricultural operators are required to complete a Census of Agriculture form.

9. Can a person be identified by the information they provide?

No. All published data are subject to confidentiality restrictions, and any data in which an individual or agricultural operation could be identified are not disclosed.

10. Why does Statistics Canada conduct the Census of Agriculture?

The Census of Agriculture collects a wide range of data on the agriculture industry such as number of farms and farm operators, farm area, business operating arrangements, land management practices, livestock inventories and crop area, total operating expenses and receipts, farm capital and farm machinery and equipment.

These data provide a comprehensive picture of the agriculture industry across Canada every five years at the national, provincial and sub-provincial levels.

11. Why doesn't the Census of Agriculture use sampling?

The Statistics Act requires that a census of all farm operations in Canada be conducted every five years. Since a census includes, by definition, every farm operation, sampling only a portion of operations would not honour the Act, nor would it provide the complete picture of the agricultural sector in Canada.

The Census of Agriculture is the primary source for small-area data and thereafter for survey sampling. It is important that each agricultural operation complete a Census of Agriculture questionnaire, regardless of size or geographic location. Samples are subsequently used for making agriculture estimates between census years.

12. Why aren't there different questionnaires for different types of agricultural operations?

The Census of Agriculture uses a generalized form for operators across Canada, since all respondents need to answer some questions. Using one form nation-wide ensures consistency across Canada, while tick boxes and different sections for specific types of operations allow operators to answer only those questions pertinent to their type of operation. A single form also keeps development costs down. Every effort is made to keep the questionnaire as concise as possible to minimize respondent burden.

13. How much does the Census of Agriculture cost?

The projected total cost for the 2021 Census of Agriculture over the six-year cycle is $49.4 million. An independently conducted Census of Agriculture would cost at least $12 million more in total than it does by combining it with the Census of Population.

14. Why is the Census of Agriculture conducted in May, such a busy time for farmers?

In this particularly busy period, the arrival of the 2021 Census of Agriculture questionnaire in May might seem ill-timed. But by working with the Census of Population, the Census of Agriculture is afforded an opportunity to save millions of taxpayers' dollars by sharing many aspects of collection and processing. The timing of the larger Census of Population is driven by the need to maximize the number of Canadians who are home during enumeration.

15. What about my income tax return? The census seems to be asking for similar information that I've already given the government.

In 2021, respondents must provide only total operating expenses and total sales for their agricultural operation on the Census of Agriculture questionnaire. In order to reduce the response burden for farmers, the detailed expense questions were removed from the 2021 Census of Agriculture questionnaire.

16. Why are other agriculture surveys conducted at the same time as the census?

Timely information on the agriculture industry is required by governments, other organizations and data users, therefore it is necessary to conduct sample surveys with a shorter time frame than the census. The Census of Agriculture is a national activity that involves collecting information from every agricultural operation in Canada. The collection, follow-up, quality checks, tabulation and publication of data from such an extensive operation takes about one year.

The census could not replace small-scale surveys, which have a much more rapid turnaround time. It is also more economical to collect certain types of information on a sample basis, especially if the required data are only for specific provinces or population groups. Once available, Census of Agriculture data are used to benchmark farm surveys.

17. What other agriculture surveys are being conducted during the 2021 Census window?

Between mid-April and the end of June, Statistics Canada conducts the following agriculture surveys:

• the Maple Survey (sample size approximately 600 in Ontario and New Brunswick)
• the National Potato Area and Yield Survey (sample size approximately 250 in the Atlantic Region, Manitoba, Saskatchewan and British Columbia)
• the Fur Farm Report – Mink and Foxes (sample size approximately 150 nationally)
• the June Farm Survey (Field Crop Reporting Series) (sample size approximately 24,500 nationally)
• the July Livestock Survey (sample size approximately 11,000 nationally)
• the Hay and Straw Prices Survey (Ontario only, sample size approximately 125).

18. How is response burden being reduced?

Offering farm operators choices in the way they respond to the Census of Agriculture—online, on paper with return by mail, or by telephone—can also make responding easier and faster. A toll-free help line to answer respondents' questions about the Census of Agriculture is also available. Furthermore, the collection window for agricultural operators is considerably expanded, allowing respondents the flexibility to complete the census at a time more convenient for them.

19. How many agricultural operations were counted in the last Census of Agriculture?

The 2021 Census of Agriculture recorded 189,874 census farms.

Table 1 Number of agricultural operations in 2021 and 2016, Canada and provinces

Province	2021	2016
Newfoundland and Labrador	344	407
Prince Edward Island	1,195	1,353
Nova Scotia	2,741	3,478
New Brunswick	1,851	2,255
Quebec	29,380	28,919
Ontario	48,346	49,600
Manitoba	14,543	14,791
Saskatchewan	34,128	34,523
Alberta	41,505	40,638
British Columbia	15,841	17,528
Canada	189,874	193,492
Source: Statistics Canada, Census of Agriculture.

Additionally, in 2021, there were 88 agricultural operations in Yukon and 8 in the Northwest Territories. In 2016, there were 142 agricultural operations in Yukon and 16 in the Northwest Territories.

20. How are Census of Agriculture data used?

Census of Agriculture data are used by:

• farm operators, to formulate production, marketing and investment decisions
• agricultural producer groups, to inform their members about industry trends and developments, to put the viewpoint of operators before legislators and the Canadian public, and to defend their interests in international trade negotiations
• governments, to make policy decisions concerning agricultural credit, crop insurance, farm support, transportation, market services and international trade
• Statistics Canada, to provide Canadians with annual estimates between censuses for the agriculture sector
• businesses, to market products and services and to make production and investment decisions
• academics, to conduct research on the agriculture sector
• the media, to portray the agriculture sector to the broader Canadian public.

21. What is different about the 2021 Census of Agriculture from 2016?

The 2021 Census of Agriculture questionnaire contains questions asked in 2016 as well as new ones. Some questions remain unchanged to maintain consistency and comparability of data over time. Other questions have been added or deleted to reflect changes in the agriculture industry. For example:

• Agricultural production (filter questions): This is a new step, consisting of Yes/No questions that identify the commodity questions that are relevant to the respondent. It has been added to simplify responding and reduce the time needed to complete the census.
• Direct marketing: Direct sales categories were expanded, as well as the methods of direct selling to include off-site farm stores or stands, direct deliveries to consumers, and Community Supported Agriculture/food baskets. A new question was added on percentage of gross farm receipts.
• Succession planning: The succession question was expanded to include whether a written succession plan that is not in place has been discussed or not.
• Greenhouse products: Subcategories were added for Greenhouse fruits and vegetables (greenhouse tomatoes, greenhouse cucumbers, greenhouse peppers, greenhouse herbs, and other greenhouse fruits and vegetables), cut flowers and potted plants split up into two subcategories. Examples were added of other products grown in a greenhouse.
• Renewable energy producing systems: A definition for renewable energy was added. A question was added asking for the intended use of renewable energy produced on the operation (for use on operation or for sale).
• Business information: A new step was added on the main activity.

A detailed explanation of other changes, deletions or additions to the 2021 questionnaire is available by step in the order they appear on the 2021 questionnaire. Please consult The 2021 Census of Agriculture in detail. These changes result from user consultations and scientific testing and also have the goal of reducing respondent burden. Some questions were slightly re-worded to make these questions more understandable and easier to answer.

22. Does the Census of Agriculture ask any questions that could be used to assess farming's impact on the environment?

Many of the questions on the census can contribute to forming a picture of Canadian farms and the manner in which they shape the environment.

The Census of Agriculture asks questions about farming practices that conserve soil fertility and prevent erosion, pesticide and fertilizer use, and the land features used to prevent wind or water damage. There is a section on manure use, another on irrigation, one on tillage practices and one on baling crop residue. Data from these questions present a picture of farmers' relationship with the environment and, by evaluating and comparing the data over time, analysts can assess how operators are adapting their methods and fulfilling their role as stewards of the land.

23. Where/how will Census of Agriculture questionnaires be processed?

Questionnaires submitted online to Statistics Canada are captured automatically. Paper questionnaires, once completed, are received by Canada Post. The paper questionnaires then go to a central processing centre in the National Capital Region where they are electronically captured.

Processing Census of Agriculture questionnaires includes many checks and balances to ensure high quality data. Its many steps—including several kinds of edits (clerical, subject-matter, geographic), matching and unduplicating individual farms, adjusting for missing data, validating data by comparing them to several benchmarks, and providing estimates—have evolved into a sophisticated system that ensures high-quality data. The data that emerge at the other end are stored on a database and used to generate publications and users' custom requests.

24. What steps are taken to ensure that all agricultural operations are counted?

In 2021, Canada Post delivers an invitation letter to complete a Census of Agriculture questionnaire on the internet to addresses where it is believed a farm operator lives. The addresses are determined from Statistics Canada's business register, populated from the previous census, agriculture surveys and other sources.

Respondents are able to complete their questionnaires via the Internet, or by telephone if assistance is required. Telephone follow-up will be conducted with those respondents who received invitation letters or questionnaires, but did not return them.

In addition, the data processing includes several safeguards that can find "missing" farms that were counted in 2016 but did not return a questionnaire in 2021 or, conversely, farms that did not exist in 2016 but have been identified on subsequent agriculture surveys since then.

25. When will the 2021 Census of Agriculture data be available to the public, and how can I keep track of releases?

The first release will take place on May 11, 2022 - All farm and farm operator variables for the 2021 Census of Agriculture will be released.

Statistics Canada's official release bulletin, The Daily, lists the full range of census data with highlights on major trends and findings.

Data from both the Census of Population and Census of Agriculture will appear in the general media and farm media. Users may also contact Statistics Canada general enquiries toll free number at 1-800-263-1136.

26. Why does it take a year to release results from the Census of Agriculture?

The Census of Agriculture is a national activity that involves collecting information from every agricultural operation in Canada. The collection, follow-up, quality checks, processing, validation, tabulation and publication of data from such an extensive operation take about one year.

All of these steps must be made to assure that data are accurate, even at very low levels of geography. This is critical since census data are used to benchmark estimates and draw survey samples between censuses.

27. For which geographical areas are Census of Agriculture data available?

Census of Agriculture data are available for Canada, the provinces and territories, and for areas corresponding to counties, crop districts and rural municipalities. User-defined areas are also available by calling Statistics Canada general enquiries toll free number at 1-800-263-1136. All tabulated data are subjected to disclosure control restrictions, and any data that could result in the disclosure of information concerning any particular individual or agricultural operation are suppressed.

28. Are cannabis farms included in the Census of Agriculture?

Data for cannabis operations were collected for the first time by the 2021 Census of Agriculture. Due to the complexity of these operations' organizational structure and activities, these respondents were not able to provide responses that precisely captured the agricultural activity of cannabis cultivation in its entirety and/or disassociated from non-agricultural activities. Furthermore, the response rate for cannabis operations was low, and this consequently resulted in a high imputation rate. As a result, cannabis operations were excluded from the Census of Agriculture databases and its data releases. As an alternative, the Census of Agriculture published cannabis data extracted from administrative files received from Health Canada. These data provide the number of licensed cannabis cultivators and their production areas at the national and provincial levels of geography. Separate information is available for operations growing cannabis under cover and in open fields. Cannabis operations included in this release are not included in all other Census of Agriculture releases.

Changes, additions or deletions from the 2016 questionnaire by topic in the order they appear on the 2021 questionnaire.

General stylistic changes prevalent throughout the questionnaire:

• The questionnaire was optimized for respondents to efficiently fill out on-line.
• The questionnaire is now organized in modules to facilitate the identification of relevant sections of the questionnaire for every respective respondent.
• Key words which were previously capitalized for emphasis are now bolded and lower-case.
• Questions are now re-formulated into an interrogative structure rather than an imperative one.
• Most answer fields are no longer in grid format (for each letter) and completely blank.
• "Total" questions were previously worded in a manner that explicitly instructed respondents how to calculate the answer given values provided to previous questions (e.g., TOTAL of questions 10 to 14). They now incorporate a contextual description of the components of the given "total" (e.g., the Total land question reads: "Total land area owned, leased, rented, crop-shared or used").
• Instructions to "fill in all applicable circles" were changed to "Select all that apply".

Business or organization and contact information

• This module requests information previously asked in Step 1 in 2016, with some revisions in wording:
  • "Farm name" and "Corporation name" changed to "Operating name" and "Legal name", respectively.
  • "Family name" and "Given name and initial(s)" have been replaced by "Last name" and "First name", respectively.
• Question 2 now asks for the contact information of the designated contact person who should receive the questionnaire, as opposed to the contact information of the person completing the questionnaire, as requested in 2016. It also newly requests the contact person's preferred language of communication.
• In Question 3, respondents are newly requested to indicate the current operational status of their business or organization.
• An alternate phone number is no longer requested.

Agricultural activity

• The Agricultural activity module was a new addition to the 2021 questionnaire, and is meant for respondents to indicate whether the operation fits under Statistics Canada's farm definition. It inquires whether the operation produces agricultural products, and whether the operator will be reporting sales or expenses for said products to the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA). The module consists of the following:
• Will this operation produce agricultural products in 2021?
  Examples of agricultural products include: field crops, vegetables, fruit, livestock, horses, poultry, meat, milk, eggs, maple products, honey, wool, ornamental plants, sod, Christmas trees, greenhouse products, mushrooms.
  • Yes
    • Will this operation be reporting sales or expenses for these agricultural products to the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA)?
      Include sales and expenses from:
      • agricultural products grown or raised by this operation in 2021 (e.g., field crops, vegetables, fruit, livestock, horses, poultry, meat, milk, eggs, maple products, honey, wool, ornamental plants, sod, Christmas trees, greenhouse products, mushrooms)
      • other commodities produced using agricultural products grown or raised by this operation in 2021 (e.g., wine, meat products).
        • Yes
        • No
  • No

Canada Revenue Agency Business Numbers

• This module consists of part of the former Step 1 of the 2016 questionnaire. There are two questions: Question 1 asks whether the operation has a Business Number issued by the CRA, and to provide it if yes. Question 2 is a new addition, and asks respondents who operate or own other agricultural businesses to list the legal or operating name and associated Business Numbers of said other businesses.

Agricultural operators

• Formerly Step 2.
• Some wording changes were applied to questions 5 and 6 for greater detail and specificity, with the precision of weekly average time contributions in lieu of average time contributions, and examples for what is to be included and excluded in the categories of "Farm work" and "Other work".

Paid labour

• Formerly Step 32.
• The concept of paid labour has changed from employees who were paid any wages or salaries to agricultural workers to whom the operation issued any T4 slips for the 2020 tax year.
• Descriptions of who should be counted under agricultural workers and family workers were added to the 2021 module.
• A yes/no component was added to the question 9 about family workers.

Main farm location

• Formerly Step 8.
• Questions 7 and 8 from the 2016 questionnaire have been amalgamated into this module. Province is now asked to be reported as part of the land description farms situated in British Columbia and the Prairie provinces.
• A definition of the main farm location was added to the 2021 questionnaire: "This is where the main agricultural activities take place. It can be the farm headquarters, main farm buildings, or main gate."

Unit of measure

• Formerly Step 4.
• Instruction text to "use the chosen unit to report all areas throughout the questionnaire unless otherwise specified" is no longer in the question.
• No other content changes.

Area of land

• Formerly Step 5.
• Include text for workable land is now all encompassing with the addition of maple trees tapped. The explanation of non-workable land was slightly stream-lined and is no longer in bullet-point form.
• Under total workable and non-workable land, respondents are explicitly instructed to include land that they own even if it is operated or used by others.
• An explanation of crop-sharing was added to the question: "Note: Crop-sharing is an agreement in which the operator shares investment and risk with the land owner".
• The Total area label was changed from "TOTAL of questions 10 to 14" to "Total land area owned, leased, rented, crop-shared or used" to allow for more meaning in interpretation.

Agricultural production

• This module is a new addition to the 2021 questionnaire and replaces the Yes/No component to commodity steps in the 2016 questionnaire for all types of agricultural products reported on the census, and added a Yes/No component to the Farm vehicles, machinery and equipment question. The set of filter questions are generally structured in the following manner with some variation depending on the subject of the question: "In 2021, are any [insert agricultural products] grown on this operation for sale?" with a brief explanation of what is included/excluded in the definition of the commodity/topic. In order of the questions in the module, these products or topics are:
  • Mushrooms
  • Maple trees tapped
  • Sod, nursery products and Christmas trees
  • Agricultural products grown in a greenhouse
  • Fruits, berries and nuts
  • Field vegetables
  • Field crops and hay
  • Honey bees and other pollinating bees
  • Poultry
  • Chickens and turkeys
  • Table eggs and hatching eggs
  • Commercial poultry hatchery
  • Livestock
  • Organic products
  • Farm vehicles, machinery and equipment
• The addition of this module is meant to identify more efficiently which parts of the questionnaire respondents should answer, and thus reduce completion time and respondent burden.

Hay and field crops

• Formerly Step 6
• "If applicable" was added in parentheses to the module title to direct respondents for which this category is irrelevant to skip the module.
• The Hay or Field Crops module now specifies the reference year 2021 for which this commodity should be reported. More precise instructions are given to respondents in the case where two or more crops will be harvested from the same land: to report each crop and to split the area between each in lieu of instructions to report the areas only once.
• In the Include text, Field crops and hay to be harvested, and green manure are separated into two bullet points, in order to facilitate easier comprehension.
• The Exclude text now includes summerfallow, pasture, woodlands and other lands. The instruction to exclude land used by others was taken out.
• Respondents are now advised to report smaller land areas using decimals, and are given an example of converting an area from fraction form to decimal form.
• An explanation of "Mixed Grains" was added to that category of field crops. Instructions to exclude certain varieties of a crop are more explicitly stated, in lieu of solely instructing respondents on where to report other varieties.
• The following modifications were made to the 2021 hay and field crops categories:
  • New categories were created for faba beans and hemp.
  • Desi and kabuli bean varieties were added to the Include text for chickpeas.
  • The varieties of timothy, ryegrass and orchard grass were added to the Include text for "all other tame hay and fodder crops for hay and silage".
  • The replacement of "standard varieties" to "sunola varieties" for the "sunflower seeds" category.
  • An Include text for canary seeds specifying the inclusion of hairless (canario) varieties.
  • Precision of total seeded and harvested area to be reported for ginseng.
  • The removal of caraway seeds, hemp, and other spices, and the addition of quinoa to the examples of "Other field crops".

Field vegetables

• Formerly Step 7.
• The name of the module was changed from "Vegetables" to "Field vegetables" to distinguish greenhouse vegetables from field-grown vegetables.
• "If applicable" was added in parentheses to the module title to direct respondents for which this category is irrelevant to skip the module.
• Instructions were added for how to report in the cases of double-cropping or inter-cropping.
• The split fraction format of the area fields was changed to single answer boxes.
• Explicit Exclude text for certain varieties have been added on top of instructions on where to report these varieties, in order to prevent misreporting and double-reporting of areas.
• The following modifications were made to the 2021 field vegetables categories:
  • The addition of Include text for Chinese cabbage, specifying that areas of bok choy and napa be reported in the field.
  • Due to increased prominence of these vegetables, new stand-alone categories have been created for garlic, kale and rhubarb, which respondents were previously instructed to report in "Other field vegetables".
  • Sweet potatoes were added to the list of examples listed for "Other field vegetables".

Fruits, berries and nuts

• Formerly Step 8.
• "If applicable" was added in parentheses to the module title to direct respondents for which this category is irrelevant to skip the module.
• Include text was added to inform respondents that fruits and berries used to produce wine, and all producing and non-producing vines, bushes and trees should be reported in this module.
• The following modifications were made to the 2021 fruits, berries and nuts categories:
  • "Blackcurrants, redcurrants and whitecurrants" and haskaps have moved from the "Other fruits, berries or nuts" category to stand-alone ones.
  • Blueberries were split into two categories: high bush and low bush, with an added specification for lowbush blueberries ("Include wild blueberries grown on managed land").
  • Include text has been added to the categories of Sour cherries, Sweet cherries, peaches and low bush blueberries.
  • Walnuts and gooseberries were added as examples for "Other fruits, berries or nuts".
  • Instruction text to "specify" the other fruits, berries or nuts was taken out, the spatial re-organization of the answering field made the correct reporting of names and areas for this category more intuitive to respondents.

Sod, nursery products and Christmas trees

• Formerly Step 9.
• "If applicable" was added in parentheses to the module title to direct respondents for which this category is irrelevant to skip the module.
• The reference year for which respondents are reporting their commodities is now included the question. Include/Exclude text was ensure accurate reporting in this module.
• No other content changes.

Land use

• Formerly Step 10.
• "If applicable" was added in parentheses to the module title to direct respondents for which this category is irrelevant to skip the module.
• The module has been re-formatted so that the Net Area total is only asked for once at the end of the module, meaning that question 89 of Step 10 in the 2016 questionnaire was removed.
• The question corresponding to cropland area was reworded for concision.
• Sugarbush has been moved from the examples listed for "Woodlands and wetlands" to the title of the category, so that the 2021 category reads: "Woodland, sugarbush and wetlands".
• Under "Natural land for pasture", shared land where livestock graze based on a permit or licence was added to the Include text.
• Farm buildings was bolded for emphasis in the example list under "All other land".

Summerfallow

• Formerly Step 11.
• "If applicable" was added in parentheses to the module title to direct respondents for which this category is irrelevant to skip the module.
• Some wording changes were applied so that the question no longer directly references the summerfallow reported in the module above, under the assumption that it is already reasonably assumed given the placement and vocabulary in the question. The Exclude text was slightly revised for concision.

Tillage and seeding practices

• Formerly Step 12.
• "If applicable" was added in parentheses to the module title to direct respondents for which this category is irrelevant to skip the module.
• The question has been slightly re-formatted for easier comprehension and now incorporates the reference year.

Land practices and features

• Formerly Step 13.
• This module re-formatted the content in Step 13 of the 2016 questionnaire by separating the previous list of land practices and features into 2 larger questions containing sub-components:
  • One for land practices with sub-questions inquiring into:
    • In-field winter grazing or feeding
    • Rotational grazing
    • Plowing down green crops
    • Planting winter cover crops
  • One for land features including shelterbelts or windbreaks
• The wording of the questions has been modified for improved concision.
• No other content changes.

Crop residue

• Formerly Step 14.
• Option to report no crop residue was added to the module, while the 2016 Step only provided an answer field for area from which crop residue was baled the previous year.
• No other content changes.

Inputs or manure

• This module combines Steps 15 and 16 of the 2016 questionnaire. The module now asks: "In 2020, did this agricultural operation use any inputs or manure?" For those who answer yes, they are asked to provide the areas on which various inputs or manure were used.
• Treated seed is now included as an input.
• Examples for Trace minerals and nutrients were removed.
• An instruction to exclude manure spread by livestock was added in the manure question.
• The spatial layout of the module was re-organized since 2016 to streamline reporting.

Irrigation

• Formerly Step 17.
• The drip method of irrigation was taken out of the examples of irrigation methods.
• The question was slightly re-formatted, with the Yes option and its corresponding irrigated area field coming before the No option.

Mushrooms

• Formerly Step 20.
• "If applicable" was added in parentheses to the module title to direct respondents for which this category is irrelevant to skip the module.
• This module was considerably expanded in order to align with the format of other agricultural surveys which collect similar information.
• The module now collects information on Agaricus mushrooms and specialty mushrooms separately. Agaricus mushroom production is reported in square feet and square meters. For specialty mushrooms, the questionnaire first asks for the type of production system used for specialty mushrooms:
  • Bags
  • Natural wood logs
  • Other (e.g., beds, shelves, trays)

For bags and natural wood log systems, the number of each (bags and wood logs) as well as the dimensions of the bag and natural wood log systems are collected, in either feet or meters. Respondents are instructed to estimate the average dimensions if dimensions vary across bags or natural wood logs.

For other production systems, the total growing area of specialty mushrooms is collected in square feet or square meters.

Greenhouses

• Formerly Step 19.
• "If applicable" was added in parentheses to the module title to direct respondents for which this category is irrelevant to skip the module.
• This module was considerably expanded in order to align with the format of other Greenhouse, Sod and Nursery Survey which collects similar information. Include/Exclude text was added to provide a more detailed description of which products should be reported in the module, in particular, controlled environments which encapsulate more than greenhouses. Accordingly, the Exclude text was modified to instruct respondents not to report areas and structures used for storage to account eggplants for any misunderstandings of the "controlled environment" concept. The Exclude text in 2021 also specifically instructs respondents not to report tree seedlings grown solely for reforestation, instead of the more general instruction in 2016 to report sod, nursery and Christmas trees elsewhere in the questionnaire.
• Data on greenhouse products are more extensively collected, with respondents being asked to report areas for the following:
  • Greenhouse fruits and vegetables
    • Greenhouse tomatoes
    • Greenhouse cucumbers
    • Greenhouse peppers
    • Greenhouse herbs
    • Other greenhouse fruits and vegetables
  • Cut flowers
  • Potted plants—indoor or outdoor
  • Other products grown in a greenhouse
• Descriptive examples of products to include in the above categories were added:
  • For "Other greenhouse fruits and vegetables":
    • e.g., lettuce, strawberries, sprouts, microgreens, shoots, eggplants
  • For "Potted plants—indoor or outdoor":
    • e.g., potted flowers, potted herbs, potted vegetable plants
  • For "Other products grown in a greenhouse":
    • e.g., ornamental tree seedlings, cuttings, bedding plants, transplants or plugs

Maple tree taps

• Formerly Step 21.
• "If applicable" was added in parentheses to the module title to direct respondents for which this category is irrelevant to skip the module.
• The question is slightly re-formulated. The reference period has been changed to the spring of the reference year instead of solely the reference year. Include/Exclude text has been added to prevent misreporting of tree taps made on other trees than maple, as well as maple products that are not for sale.

Bees

• Formerly Step 22.
• "If applicable" was added in parentheses to the module title to direct respondents for which this category is irrelevant to skip the module.
• Directions to exclude honey production for home or personal use were added.
• No other content changes.

Poultry

• Formerly Step 24.
• "If applicable" was added in parentheses to the module title to direct respondents for which this category is irrelevant to skip the module.
• "Broiler, roaster and Cornish breeders (pullets and hens)" moved from the "Layer and broiler breeders" under "Chickens for eggs" to their own subcategory under "Chickens for meat".
• Turkeys, ducks and geese have moved from the "Other poultry" category to separate ones.
• Roosters, guinea fowl, peacocks and partridges were added to the examples of "Other poultry."
• No other content changes.

Chicken and turkey production

• Formerly Step 25.
• "If applicable" was added in parentheses to the module title to direct respondents for which this category is irrelevant to skip the module.
• This module has been re-formatted so that respondents can report chickens and turkeys using different units of measure.
• Include/Exclude text has been incorporated, respondents are newly instructed to exclude chickens or turkeys for personal use.
• The reference year has been added to elements of the module for further emphasis of reporting production within the given timeframe.
• No other content changes.

Eggs

• Formerly Step 26.
• "If applicable" was added in parentheses to the module title to direct respondents for which this category is irrelevant to skip the module.
• Directions to exclude eggs for personal use have been added. The format of the question has been slightly revised to be more succinct.

Commercial poultry hatcheries

• Formerly Step 27.
• "If applicable" was added in parentheses to the module title to direct respondents for which this category is irrelevant to skip the module.
• The term "commercial poultry hatcheries" was taken out of the question, which has been reformulated instead to: "In 2020, how many chicks or other poultry were hatched?"
• Include text has been added to specifies that only hatcheries registered with the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA), and that all types of poultry hatched in 2020 are to be reported in this module.

Livestock

• Formerly Step 28.
• "If applicable" was added in parentheses to the module title to direct respondents for which this category is irrelevant to skip the module.
• Instructions on what and what not to report in the 2016 step were reorganized into Include/Exclude text, the contents of which have remained consistent between both questionnaires.
• No changes in the cattle categories.
• In pigs, the previous "Boars" category was narrowed to "Boars kept for breeding" and placed below "Sows and gilts kept for breeding". The "Nursing pigs" category was re-named "Suckling pigs, less than 15 lb (7 kg)", and "Weaner pigs" to "Weanling, nursery or starter pigs, 15 to 49 lb (7 to 22 kg)", "Grower and finishing pigs" to "Market pigs, 50 lb (23 kg) and over".
• For the "Rams" category, the text now specifies that the reported lambs must be "1 year or over" in age.
• In "Other livestock", Donkeys and Mules now constitute a separate category instead of being designated to the "Other livestock" subcategory.

Technologies

• Formerly Step 23.
• This question has been reformatted such that respondents answer Yes/No for every listed technology instead of filling in bubbles for the applicable listed technologies.
• The following categories have been deleted/added from the 2016 step:
  • Deletions:
    • Computers/laptops for farm management
    • Smartphones/tablets for farm management
    • GPS technology
    • Automated environmental controls for animal housing
    • Automated animal feeding
  • Additions:
    • Variable-rate input application
    • Drones
    • Soil sample test
    • Slow-release fertilizer
• The following changes have been applied to categories below:
  • Automated steering (auto-steer) has been expanded into Automated guidance steering systems (auto-steer) on farm equipment.
  • GIS mapping is now spelled out in full with the abbreviation in parentheses. The list of examples has grown to include soil quality mapping, yield mapping and NDVI mapping.
  • Greenhouse automation has been renamed to Robotic greenhouse equipment.
  • Robotic milking has been renamed to Fully-robotic milking, with the specification: "i.e., no manual intervention required" added below.

Renewable energy

• Formerly Step 36.
• A definition of renewable energy was added under the question.
• The "include" instruction replaces "systems that produce energy" with "renewable energy produced". Instructions were added to exclude petroleum (gas or diesel) and coal products.
• The wording of the categories were modified to be more broad and encompassing:
  • "Wind Turbines" to "Wind"
  • "Solar panels" to "Solar", with a list of examples of systems underneath
  • "Bioenergy", which includes "Anaerobic biodigester (biogas or methane)" and "Biodiesel production systems" 2016 categories, was formed with the following subcategories:
    • Biomass combustion, e.g., straw, wood, wood pellets, perennial grasses
    • Biomethane, e.g., renewable natural gas
    • Other biogas, e.g., gasification
      • Exclude biomethane.
    • Biofuel, e.g., biodiesel, bioethanol
  • "Geothermal electric power" to "Geothermal", with a list of examples of energy systems following.
• There was a new question added to this module which requests respondents to identify the purpose of the renewable energy produced on a given operation. The two options are:
  • For use on this operation
    • e.g., using solar energy to heat livestock buildings or biomass heating for greenhouses
  • For sale
    • e.g., selling electricity onto the grid

Market value

• Formerly Step 29.
• Include/exclude directions have been edited for concision and readability.
• The headings for the answer fields have been changed from "Present market value (dollars only)" to "Present market value rounded to the nearest CAN$"

Farm vehicles, machinery and equipment

• Formerly Step 30.
• The previous instruction to "Report fixed machinery in Step 29" was changed to "Exclude fixed (i.e., immobile) equipment (the value of which was reported in the previous question)" to better prevent double-reporting of fixed machinery.
• The example calculation was described in more detail in the 2021 module.
• The respective headings for the answer fields: "Number owned and leased" and "Present market value (owned and leased) (dollars only)" to "Number of farm vehicles, machinery and equipment owned and leased" to "Present market value rounded to the nearest CAN$"
• In the Tractors category, the "Over 149 p.t.o. hp" has been split into the two categories "150 to 249 p.t.o. hp" and "Over 249 p.t.o. hp" to accommodate increased intensity of machinery use in the farming business over the years.
• No other major content changes.

Gross farm receipts and operating expenses

• Formerly Step 31.
• The Include text now lists program and insurance payments, and custom work receipts as two separate bullet points.
• The question has been re-worded, mentioning the exclusion of purchases of commodities resold and any expenses from non-farming activities directly in the wording of the question as well as in the Include/Exclude instructions.
• Inventory adjustment has been added to the list of expenses to exclude.

Direct marketing

• Formerly Step 33.
• Respondents are instructed to "Include sales directly at a market or on farm"
• In the instruction, a further clarification "to intermediaries such as marketers and wholesales" has been added in parentheses, to the instruction to exclude sales of any goods purchased for resale. Respondents are now asked to exclude sales directly to a store (to intermediaries such as retail and grocery stores, restaurants and bakeries).
• Cider and pies have been added as examples of Value added products.
• On-site farm stores have been added to the prior category: "Farm gate sales, stands, kiosks, U-pick" and food baskets to the category of Community-Supported Agriculture (CSA)
• The following new categories have been created:
  • Off-site farm stores or stands
  • Direct deliveries to consumers
• The instruction to "Specify Other Methods" has been added under the "Other Methods" category
• The following new question has been added to the module:
  • In 2020, what percentage of the total gross farm receipts was from the sale of agricultural products directly to consumers for human consumption?
  • Exclude:
    • sales of any goods purchased for resale (to intermediaries such as marketers and wholesalers)
    • sales directly to a store (to intermediaries such as retail and grocery stores, restaurants and bakeries).
      • Percentage [Answer field] %

Succession plan

• Formerly Step 35.
• The definition given within the module was slightly modified between 2016 and 2021. In 2016, a succession plan was described as a "formalized plan that ensures the future continuity". This was replaced by "A written succession plan, also referred to as a transition plan, is a formalized plan and agreement that details the orderly transfer of the farm business from the current owners and operators to the future owners and operators of the farm business". The three elements remained consistent and are now listed in bullet-point form following the definition. The subsequent distinction was also added: "A will is not a written succession plan, unless it includes the three main elements noted above".
• Under the "No, a written succession plan is not in place" category, the following response options allow respondents to indicate the existence of informal arrangements or discussion of succession plans:
  • "A succession plan has been discussed but has not been formalized in a written agreement"
  • "No succession plan has been discussed as of May 11, 2021"
• No other content changes

Contact person

• This module is new. It now gives respondents the option of providing the information of the best person to contact for questionnaire follow-up, who is not the respondent himself. This module was designed to streamline the follow up process, and is structured the following way:
  • Statistics Canada may need to contact the person who completed this questionnaire for further information.
    Is the contact person provided on the cover page the best person to contact?
    • Yes – Go to "Comments" section
    • No
      • Who is the best person to contact about this questionnaire?
      • First name
      • Last name
      • Title
      • Email address
        Example: user@example.gov.ca
      • Telephone number (including area code) Extension number
        Example: 123-123-1234 (if applicable)
      • Fax number (including area code)
        Example: 123-123-1234

Comments

There is now a full page dedicated to comments by respondents, while in 2016, the comments section was limited to three lines on the back page of the questionnaire. The instruction on this page reads: "We invite your comments about this questionnaire."

Back page

No content changes other than the removal of the Comments section, which as indicated above, now has its own separate page.

COVID-19 timeline

• The Government of the Northwest Territories announced on December 3rd it had extended the State of Emergency in the City of Yellowknife until December 18th. On December 8th, the Government extended the territory-wide Public Health Emergency until December 22nd. On December 22nd, the territory-wide Public Health Emergency was extended until January 5, 2021, and on December 31st, the State of Emergency in the City of Yellowknife was extended until January 14, 2021.
• The Government of Manitoba announced on December 4th that it would extend the provincial state of emergency for a period of 30 days. On December 8th, the Government announced it had extended public health orders until January 8, 2021. The Government also said the existing Critical (red) level restrictions had been extended.
• The Government of Yukon announced on December 8th it was extending the state of emergency for 90 days.
• The Government of British Columbia announced on December 8th that it had formally extended the provincial state of emergency until December 22nd. On December 22nd, the state of emergency was extended to January 5, 2021.
• The Government of Nunavut announced on December 10th it had extended the territory's public health emergency until December 24th. On December 24th, the Government extended the public health emergency until January 7, 2021.
• The Government of Canada announced on December 11th that the current restrictions on all non-essential travel between Canada and the United States will remain in effect until January 21, 2021.
• The Government of Nova Scotia announced on December 11th that it was renewing the state of emergency until December 27th. On December 23rd, the Government announced it was renewing the state of emergency until January 10, 2021.

Selected COVID-19 responses

• The Government of Quebec announced on December 2nd that in anticipation of the holiday shopping season, a tightening of measures will come into effect and that operators of commercial establishments will be required to reduce the number of customers that may be permitted in their establishments. The Government also announced that measures limiting gatherings will continue to apply for the New Year period.
• The Government of Canada announced on December 4th the expansion of the Canadian Emergency Business Account (CEBA) whereby eligible businesses facing financial hardship as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic are able to access a second CEBA loan of up to $20,000—on top of the initial $40,000 that was available to small businesses. The Government also confirmed that the deadline for CEBA had been extended to March 31, 2021.
• The Government of Nova Scotia announced on December 4th that the current restrictions in areas of Halifax Regional Municipality (HRM) and Hants County were extended until at least December 16th. On December 16th, the Government announced that these restrictions were extended until December 20th and that the closure of restaurants and licensed establishments for dine-in service was extended to January 10, 2021. The Government also said that, as of December 21st, the following restrictions are in place provincewide:
  • Gatherings in the home can have 10 people total;
  • People can have a close social group of 10 without physical distancing;
  • Social events, festivals, special events, arts/cultural events, and sports events are not permitted;
  • Restaurants and licensed establishments outside of HRM and Hants County must stop service by 10:00 p.m. and close by 11:00 p.m.;
  • Fitness facilities like gyms and yoga studios can operate at 50% capacity;
  • Retail and shopping mall rules currently in place for areas of HRM and Hants County will extend to the entire province, including operating at 25% capacity.
• The Government of Prince Edward Island announced on December 7th that it was transitioning to a COVID-19 circuit breaker phase for two weeks. The Government said restrictions include:
  • No personal gatherings;
  • Each household can associate with two other consistent individuals;
  • Organized gatherings of no more than 10 people indoors and outdoors;
  • Recreational facilities, including gyms, fitness facilities, bingo halls, casinos, museums, and libraries are closed;
  • Retail stores and markets must reduce the number of people to approximately 50% of the standard operating capacity;
  • No in-room dining—take-out and delivery only; and
  • Full-time classroom learning for K to grade 12 with public health measures in place and a contingency plan for remote learning.
• The Government of Alberta announced on December 8th that expanded health measures would be in effect provincewide for a minimum of four weeks. Measures that took immediate effect included:
  • All indoor and outdoor social gatherings prohibited;
  • Festivals, parades, events, concerts, exhibitions, competitions, sport and performance remained prohibited.

  Measures that commenced December 13th included:

  • Retail services must reduce customer capacity to 15% of fire code occupancy;
  • Restaurants, pubs, bars, lounges and cafes will be closed to in-person service;
  • Casinos, bingo halls, gaming entertainment centres, racing entertainment centres, horse tracks, raceways, bowling alleys, pool halls, legions, and private clubs are closed;
  • Recreational facilities, including fitness centres, recreation centres, pools, spas, gyms, studios, day and overnight camps, indoor rinks and arenas are closed;
  • Libraries, science centres, museums, galleries are closed;
  • Community halls and centres, indoor children's play centres and indoor playgrounds, theatres, auditoriums, concert halls, and community theatres, nightclubs, banquet halls and conference centres, and tradeshows are closed.
• The Government of Canada announced on December 9th that it had determined that the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine meets Health Canada's safety, efficacy and quality requirements for use in Canada.
• The Government of Ontario announced on December 10th that it was extending all orders currently in force under the Reopening Ontario (A Flexible Response to COVID-19) Act, 2020 until January 20, 2021. On December 11th, the Government announced it was moving Windsor-Essex County Health Unit and York Region Public Health into Lockdown. On December 18th, the Government announced it was moving the City of Hamilton Public Health Services to Lockdown.
• The Government of Quebec announced on December 15th that, effective December 17th to January 11, 2021, all heath regions in Quebec would move to the maximum alert level (red), with the exception of Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Northern Quebec, North Coast, Grosse-Île and Îles-de-la-Madeleine, Nunavik, and Terres-Cries-de-la Baie James.
• The Government of Prince Edward Island announced on December 17th new, eased restrictions for the province, including:
  • Personal gatherings (indoor and outdoor) are permitted with up to 10 additional people;
  • Organized gatherings, such as concerts, worship services and movie theatres, can operate with a total of 50 people;
  • Gyms/fitness facilities, museums, and libraries may operate at 50% capacity;
  • Retail stores, markets and craft fairs may operate at 50% capacity;
  • Restaurants and licensed premises may re-open in-room dining with a closing time of 11:00 p.m. and a maximum table size of ten people.
• The Government of Canada announced on December 20th that it had suspended all commercial and private passenger flights from the United Kingdom for 72 hours in response to the new variant of COVID-19 identified in the U.K. The Government on December 23rd extended the temporary suspension until January 6th.
• On December 21st, the Government of Ontario announced it was imposing a Provincewide Shutdown effective December 26th. Measures include:
  • Restricting indoor organized public events and social gatherings;
  • Prohibiting in-person shopping in most retail settings;
  • Restricting indoor access to shopping malls;
  • Prohibiting indoor and outdoor dining;

  The Government said the impacts of these measures would be evaluated throughout the 14 days in Northern Ontario and 28 days in Southern Ontario to determine if it is safe to lift any restrictions.

• The Government of Canada announced on December 23rd that it had authorized the second COVID-19 vaccine in Canada, manufactured by Moderna.
• The Government of Canada announced on December 31st that, effective January 7, 2021, all air passengers five years of age or older will be required to test negative for COVID-19 before travelling from another country to Canada. The Government also said that anyone who receives a negative test result and is authorized to enter Canada must still complete the full, mandatory 14-day quarantine period under the Quarantine Act.

Resources

• Calgary-based Suncor Energy Inc. announced that its 2021 capital program is expected to be between $3.8 billion and $4.5 billion. The company said the capital program is largely focused on sustaining capital ($2.9 billion to $3.4 billion) given the major planned maintenance programs in Oil Sands upgrading operations, Syncrude and Downstream refineries.
• Calgary-based Imperial Oil Limited announced it no longer plans to develop a significant portion of its unconventional portfolio in Alberta, resulting in an after-tax charge of approximately $0.9 billion to $1.2 billion in the company's fourth quarter 2020 results.
• Calgary-based Crescent Point Energy Corporation announced a 2021 capital expenditures budget of $475 million to $525 million, a reduction in comparison to 2020. The company said its capital expenditures budget is allocated to its key focus areas in Viewfield, Shaunavon, and Flat Lake.
• Calgary-based Baytex Energy Corp. announced a 2021 capital budget of $225 million to $275 million, with approximately 85% of the capital program directed to high netback light oil assets in the Viking and Eagle Ford, and 10% directed to heavy oil assets at Peace River and Lloydminster.
• Calgary-based Canadian Natural Resources Limited announced a 2021 capital budget of approximately $3.205 billion, of which $1.345 billion is allocated to conventional and unconventional assets and $1.860 billion is allocated to long life low decline assets.
• Calgary-based InterPipeline Ltd. announced a $1 billion capital expenditure program for 2021. The company said approximately $930 million of total capital expenditures will be for organic growth initiatives, including approximately $800 million for the final stages of the Heartland Petrochemical Complex, with the remainder invested in sustaining capital projects.
• Calgary-based Enbridge Inc. announced that the Line 3 Replacement Project can now start construction in Minnesota after receiving all necessary permits and approvals.
• Calgary-based TC Energy Corporation announced it had entered into a definitive agreement and plan of merger to acquire all the outstanding common units of TC PipeLines, LP of Texas for approximately USD $1.68 billion. The company said the transaction is expected to close late in the first quarter or early in the second quarter of 2021, subject to shareholder and customary regulatory approvals.
• Calgary-based Pembina Pipeline Corporation announced that it and its partner, Petrochemical Industries Company K.S.C. of Kuwait, through their joint venture Canada Kuwait Petrochemical Limited Partnership, were suspending execution of the integrated propane dehydration plant and polypropylene upgrading facility indefinitely due to significant risks arising from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
• Saskatoon-based Cameco Corp. announced on December 14th it would be temporarily suspending production at its Cigar Lake uranium mine in northern Saskatchewan over the coming weeks due to the increasing risks posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. The company said that as a result of this decision, it would be placing the mine in a state of care and maintenance and that there would be a significant reduction in personnel.

Transportation

• The Atlantic Canada Airports Association announced that it had been advised by Air Canada that effective January 11, 2021, the company will be suspending all flights until further notice in Sydney and Saint John and suspending four routes until further notice in Deer Lake, Charlottetown, Fredericton, and Halifax.
• The Government of Canada announced that aviation safety experts had completed their review of the design changes to the Boeing 737 MAX aircraft recently certified by the United States Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and have now validated these changes. The Government said this validation is an important first step in the eventual return to service of this aircraft in Canadian airspace.

Other news

• The Bank of Canada announced it was maintaining its target for the overnight rate at the effective lower bound of 0.25%. The target for the overnight rate was reduced by 150 basis points in March 2020. The Bank also said it was maintaining its forward guidance, reinforced and supplemented by its quantitative easing (QE) program, which continues at its current pace of at least $4 billion per week.
• The Government of Canada announced on December 11th its plan titled A Healthy Environment and a Healthy Economy, which builds on the Pan-Canadian Framework on Clean Growth and Climate Change. The Government said the plan includes 64 new measures and $15 billion in investments, in addition to the Canada Infrastructure Bank's $6 billion for clean infrastructure announced this fall.
• Leamington, Ontario-based Aphria Inc. and Tilray, Inc. of Nanaimo, British Columbia, announced they had entered into a definitive agreement to combine their businesses. The companies said the implied pro forma equity value of the Combined Company is approximately $5.0 billion and that the transaction is expected to close in the second quarter of 2021, subject to shareholder, regulatory, and court approvals, and other customary closing conditions.
• Mississauga-based Walmart Canada announced that all active store, distribution centre and fleet associates in Canada would receive a new appreciation bonus, with full-time associates receiving $250 and part-time associates $150. Walmart said more than 85,000 associates were included.
• The Government of Nova Scotia announced on December 11th that the Eden Valley Poultry Inc. processing plant in Berwick would be closed for at least two weeks due to an outbreak of COVID-19.

United States and other international news

• The U.S. Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) maintained the target range for the federal funds rate at 0.00% to 0.25%. The last change in the target range was a 100 basis points decrease announced in March 2020. The FOMC also said the Federal Reserve would continue to increase its holdings of Treasury securities by at least $80 billion per month and of agency mortgage-backed securities by at least $40 billion per month until substantial further progress has been made toward the Committee's maximum employment and price stability goals.
• The European Central Bank (ECB) announced that in view of the economic fallout from the resurgence of the pandemic, the Governing Council recalibrated its monetary policy instruments as follows:
  • The interest rate on the main refinancing operations and the interest rates on the marginal lending facility and the deposit facility will remain unchanged at 0.00%, 0.25% and -0.50% respectively;
  • Increase the envelope of the pandemic emergency purchase programme (PEPP) by €500 billion to a total of €1,850 billion and extend the horizon for net purchases under the PEPP to at least the end of March 2022;
  • Further recalibrate the conditions of the third series of targeted longer-term refinancing operations by extending the period over which considerably more favourable terms will apply by twelve months, to June 2022;
  • Net purchases under the asset purchase programme (APP) will continue at a monthly pace of €20 billion.
• The Bank of England's Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) voted to maintain the Bank Rate at 0.1%. The MPC also voted to maintain the stock of sterling non-financial investment-grade corporate bond purchases at £20 billion, to continue with the existing programme of £100 billion of UK government bond purchases, and to commence the previously announced programme of £150 billion of UK government bond purchases, maintaining the target for the stock of these government bond purchases at £875 billion.
• The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) maintained the targets for the cash rate and the yield on 3-year Australian Government bonds at 0.10%. The last change in the target for the cash rate was a 15 basis points reduction in November 2020. The RBA also maintained the parameters of the Term Funding Facility and the government bond purchase program.
• The Bank of Japan (BoJ) announced it will apply a negative interest rate of -0.1% to the Policy-Rate Balances in current accounts held by financial institutions at the BoJ and that it will purchase a necessary amount of Japanese government bonds (JGBs) without setting an upper limit so that 10-year JGB yields will remain at around zero percent. The BoJ also said it would extend the duration of additional purchases of CP and corporate bonds and of the Special Funds-Supplying Operations to Facilitate Financing in Response to the Novel Coronavirus by 6 months until the end of September 2021.
• The Executive Board of Norway's Norges Bank decided to keep the policy rate unchanged at 0.0%. The last change in the policy rate was a 25 basis points reduction in May 2020.
• On December 3rd, OPEC and non-OPEC members announced that Declaration of Cooperation (DOC) participating countries decided to voluntary adjust production by 0.5 mb/d (from 7.7 mb/d to 7.2 mb/d) and to hold monthly OPEC and non-OPEC ministerial meetings to assess market conditions and decide on further production adjustments.
• The Government of the United Kingdom announced on December 24th that it had completed a comprehensive Canada style free trade deal with the European Union (EU) that will allow UK goods and components to be sold without tariffs and without quotas in the EU market.
• California-based Chevron Corporation announced a 2021 organic capital and exploratory spending program of USD $14 billion and lowered its longer-term guidance to USD $14 billion to USD $16 billion annually through 2025, from a previous guidance of USD $19 billion to USD $22 billion.
• Texas-based Exxon Mobil Corporation announced capital and exploration investments of USD $16 billion to USD $19 billion in 2021 and USD $20 billion to USD $25 billion annually to 2025. The company also announced ongoing business line reorganizations that include a global workforce reduction of 15% by year-end 2021 and removal of less strategic assets from its development plan, including certain dry gas resources in Western Canada.

Financial market news

• West Texas Intermediate crude oil closed at USD $48.52 per barrel on December 31st, up from a closing value of USD $45.34 at the end of November. Western Canadian Select crude oil traded in the USD $32 to $35.50 per barrel range throughout December. The Canadian dollar closed at 78.54 cents U.S. on December 31st, up from 77.13 cents U.S. at the end of November. The S&P/TSX composite index closed at 17,433.36 on December 31st, up from 17,190.25 at the end of November.

• Background documentation
• Preliminary releases, cycle 1
• Cycle 1 (2007 to 2009)
• Cycle 2 (2009 to 2011)
• Cycle 3 (2012 to 2013)
• Cycle 4 (2014 to 2015)
• Cycles 1 and 2 combined (2007 to 2011)
• Cycles 1 and 3 combined (2007 to 2009, 2012 to 2013)
• Cycles 1, 2 and 3 combined (2007 to 2013)
• Cycles 2 and 3 combined (2009 to 2013)
• Cycles 2, 3 and 4 combined (2009 to 2015)
• Cycles 3 and 4 combined (2012 to 2015)
• Cycles 1, 2, 3 and 4 combined (2007 to 2015)

Background documentation

Health Reports articles

Bryan, Shirley, Marc St-Denis and Dana Wojtas. 2007. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Clinic operations and logistics." Health Reports. Supplement to Vol. 18. December. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-SPE. pp. 53 to 70.

Day, Brent, Renée Langlois, Mark Tremblay and Bartha-Maria Knoppers. 2007. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Ethical, legal and social issues." Health Reports. Supplement to Vol. 18. December. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-SPE. pp. 37 to 51.

Garriguet, Didier. 2008. "Impact of identifying plausible respondents on the under-reporting of energy intake in the Canadian Community Health Survey." Health Reports. Vol. 19, no. 4. October. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 47 to 55.

Giroux, Suzelle. 2007. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Sampling strategy overview." Health Reports. Supplement to Vol. 18. December. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-SPE. pp. 31 to 36.

Shields, Margot, Sarah Conner Gorber and Mark S. Tremblay. 2008. "Estimates of obesity based on self-report versus direct measures." Health Reports. Vol. 19, no. 2. June. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 61 to 76.

Tremblay, Mark S., Michael Wolfson and Sarah Connor Gorber. 2007. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Rationale, background and overview." Health Reports. Supplement to Vol. 18. December. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-SPE. pp. 7 to 20.

Tremblay, Mark, Renée Langlois, Shirley Bryan, Dale Esliger and Julienne Patterson. 2007. "Canadian Health Measures Survey Pre-test: Design, methods, results." Health Reports. Supplement to Vol. 18. December. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003- SPE. pp. 21 to 30.

External articles and publications

Canadian Institute for Health Information. 2004. "The Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health of the Nation. Vol. 1. Winter. p. 7.

Castle, David and Nola M. Ries. 2007. "Ethical, legal and social issues in nutrigenomics: the challenges of regulating service delivery and building health professional capacity." Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis. Vol. 622, no. 1-2. September. pp. 138 to 143.

Connor Gorber, Sarah, Mark Tremblay, D. Moher and B. Gorber. 2007. "A comparison of direct vs. self-report measures for assessing height, weight and body mass index: a systemic review." Obesity Reviews. Vol. 8, no. 4. pp. 307 to 326.

Dietitians of Canada. 2006. "New Statistics Canada survey to take direct physical measures of nutritional health." Members in Action. November. pp. 4 to 5.

Équipe de l'Enquête canadienne sur les mesures de la santé. 2008. "Biosurveillance des substances chimiques de l'environnement." Bulletin d'information en santé environnementale. Vol. 19, no. 2. March-June. pp. 7 to 8.

Esliger, Dale W., Adam Probert, Sarah Connor Gorber, Shirley Bryan, Manon Laviolette and Mark S. Tremblay. 2007. "Validity of the Actical accelerometer step-count function." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. Vol. 39, no. 7. pp. 1200 to 1204.

Journal of the Canadian Dental Association. 2007. "Canadian Health Measures Survey Gets Underway." Journal of the Canadian Dental Association. Vol. 73, no. 2. March. p. 116.

---. 2009. "The JCDA Interview: Dr. Peter Cooney: Canada's Chief Dental Officer." Journal of the Canadian Dental Association. Vol. 75, no. 1. February. pp. 29 to 31.

Office of the Chief Dental Officer. 2007. "Statistics Canada's Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS)." Canadian Journal of Dental Hygiene. Vol. 41, no. 3. May-June. pp. 151 to 153.

Probert, Adam W., Mark S. Tremblay and Sarah Conner Gorber. 2008. "Desk Potatoes—The Importance of Occupational Physical Activity on Health." Canadian Journal of Public Health. Vol. 99, no. 4. July-August. pp. 311 to 318.

Sommerfeld, J. and A. M. Oduola. 2007. "Health-related biotechnologies for infectious disease control in Africa: Ethical, Legal and Social Implications (ELSI) of transfer and development." African Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences. Vol. 36, no. 1-5.

Spence, John C. 2004. "The Canadian Health Measures Survey: Introduction: Why Should We Give a Hoot about this Survey?" WellSpring. Vol. 15, no. 3. October. p. 1.

Tremblay, Mark. 2004a. "The Canadian Health Measures Survey: Background to the Canadian Health Measures Survey" WellSpring. Vol. 15, no. 3. October. pp. 2 to 4.

---. 2004b. "The Need for Directly Measured Health in Canada." Canadian Journal of Public Health. Vol. 95, no. 3. May-June. pp. 165 to 166.

Tremblay, Mark S. and Sarah Connor Gorber. 2007. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Brief overview." Canadian Journal of Public Health. Vol. 98, no. 6. November- December. pp. 453 to 456.

Preliminary releases, cycle 1

Health Reports articles

Wong, Suzy and Ellen J.D. Lye. 2008. "Lead, mercury and cadmium levels in Canadians." Health Reports. Vol. 19, no. 4. December. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 31 to 36.

The Daily releases

Statistics Canada. 2008. "Study: Lead, mercury and cadmium levels in Canadians." The Daily. November 19. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

---. 2009. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Vitamin D blood plasma concentrations in the population." The Daily. July 2. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

Cycle 1 (2007 to 2009)

Health Reports articles

Bryan, Shirley, Mathieu Saint-Pierre Larose, Norm Campbell, Janine Clarke and Mark S. Tremblay. 2010. "Resting blood pressure and heart rate measurement in the Canadian Health Measures Survey, cycle 1." Health Reports. Vol. 21, no. 1. March. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 71 to 78.

Bushnik, Tracey, Douglas A. Haines, Patrick Levallois, Johanne Levesque, Jay Van Oostdam and Claude Viau. 2010. "Lead and bisphenol A concentrations in the Canadian population." Health Reports. Vol. 21, no. 3. September. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 7 to 18.

Colapinto, Cynthia K., Deborah L. O'Connor, Lise Dubois and Mark S. Tremblay. 2012. "Prevalence and correlates of folic acid supplement use in Canada." Health Reports. Vol. 23, no. 2. June. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 39 to 44.

Colley, Rachel C., Didier Garriguet, Ian Janssen, Cora L. Craig, Janine Clarke and Mark S. Tremblay. 2011a. "Physical activity of Canadian adults: Accelerometer results from the 2007 to 2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Reports. Vol. 22, no. 1. March. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 7 to 14.

---. 2011b. "Physical activity of Canadian children and youth: Accelerometer results from the 2007 to 2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Reports. Vol. 22, no. 1. March. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 15 to 23.

Colley, Rachel C., Sarah Connor Gorber and Mark S. Tremblay. 2010. "Quality control and data reduction procedures for accelerometry-derived measures of physical activity." Health Reports. Vol. 21, no. 1. March. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 63 to 69.

Colley, Rachel C., Suzy L. Wong, Didier Garriguet, Ian Janssen, Sarah Connor Gorber and Mark S. Tremblay. 2012. "Physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep in Canadian children: Parent-report versus direct measures and relative associations with health risk." Health Reports. Vol. 23, no. 2. June. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 45 to 52.

Evans, Jessica, Yue Chen, Pat G. Camp, Dennis M. Bowie and Louise McRae. 2014. "Estimating the prevalence of COPD in Canada: Reported diagnosis versus measured airflow obstruction." Health Reports. Vol. 25, no. 3. March. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 3 to 11.

Garriguet, Didier and Rachel C. Colley. 2012. "Daily patterns of physical activity among Canadians." Health Reports. Vol. 23, no. 2. June. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 27 to 32.

Langlois, Kellie, Linda Greene-Finestone, Julian Little, Nick Hidiroglou and Susan Whiting. 2010. "Vitamin D status of Canadians as measured in the 2007 to 2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Reports. Vol. 21, no. 1. March. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 47 to 54.

Paradis, Gilles, Mark S. Tremblay, Ian Janssen, Arnaud Chiolero and Tracey Bushnik. 2010. "Blood pressure in Canadian children and adolescents." Health Reports. Vol. 21, no. 2. June. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 15 to 22.

Shields, Margot, Mark S. Tremblay, Manon Laviolette, Cora L. Craig, Ian Janssen and

Sarah Connor Gorber. 2010. "Fitness of Canadian adults: Results from the 2007-2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Reports. Vol. 21, no. 1. March. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 21 to 35.

Shields, Margot, Sarah Connor Gorber, Ian Janssen and Mark S. Tremblay. 2011a. "Bias in self-reported estimates of obesity in Canadian health surveys: An update on correction equations for adults." Health Reports. Vol. 22, no. 3. September. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 35 to 45.

---. 2011b. "Obesity estimates for children based on parent-reported versus direct measures." Health Reports. Vol. 22, no. 3. September. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 47 to 58.

---. 2012a. "Abdominal obesity and cardiovascular disease risk factors within body mass index categories." Health Reports. Vol. 23, no. 2. June. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 7 to 15.

---. 2012b. "Measures of abdominal obesity within body mass index categories, 1981 and 2007 to 2009." Health Reports. Vol. 23, no. 2. June. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 33 to 38.

Tremblay, Mark S., Margot Shields, Manon Laviolette, Cora L. Craig, Ian Janssen and Sarah Connor Gorber. 2010. "Fitness of Canadian children and youth: Results from the 2007-2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Reports. Vol. 21, no. 1. March. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 7 to 20.

Wilkins, Kathryn, Marianne Gee and Norm Campbell. 2012. "The difference in hypertension control between older men and women." Health Reports. Vol. 23, no. 4. December. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 33 to 40.

Wilkins, Kathryn, Norman Campbell, Michel R. Joffres, Finlay A. McAlister, Marianne Nichol, Susan Quach, Helen L. Johansen and Mark S. Tremblay. 2010. "Blood pressure in Canadian adults." Health Reports. Vol. 21, no. 1. March. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 37 to 46.

Wong, Suzy L., Margot Shields, Scott Leatherdale, Eric Malaison and David Hammond. 2012. "Assessment of validity of self-reported smoking status." Health Reports. Vol. 23, no. 1. February. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 37 to 46.

The Daily releases

Statistics Canada. 2010a. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Body composition and fitness, 2007 to 2009." The Daily. January 13. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001- X.

---. 2010b. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Blood pressure in adults, 2007 to 2009." The Daily. February 17. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

---. 2010c. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Cholesterol and vitamin D levels, 2007 to 2009." The Daily. March 23. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

---. 2010d. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Blood pressure in children and adolescents, 2007 to 2009." The Daily. May 19. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

---. 2010e. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Lead, bisphenol A and mercury, 2007 to 2009." The Daily. August 16. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

---. 2010f. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: data on physical activity, 2007 to 2009." The Daily. November 23. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

---. 2011a. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Physical activity of youth and adults, 2007 to 2009." The Daily. January 19. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

---. 2011b. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Adult obesity prevalence in Canada and the United States, 2007 to 2009." The Daily. March 2. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

Health fact sheets

---. 2010g. "Aerobic fitness in Canada 2007 to 2009." Health Fact Sheets. January 13. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2010h. "Body composition of Canadian adults 2007 to 2009." Health Fact Sheets. January 13. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2010i. "Body mass index (BMI) for children and youth 2007 to 2009." Health Fact Sheets. January 13. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2010j. "Lung function results 2007 to 2009." Health Fact Sheets. January 13. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2010k. "Muskuloskeletal fitness in Canada 2007 to 2009." Health Fact Sheets. January 13. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2010l. "Oral health: Edentulous people in Canada 2007 to 2009." Health Fact Sheets. January 13. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2010m. "Heart health and cholesterol levels of Canadians 2007 to 2009." Health Fact Sheets. March 23. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2010n. "Vitamin D status of Canadians 2007 to 2009." Health Fact Sheets. March 23. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2010o. "Bisphenol A concentrations in the Canadian population, 2007 to 2009." Health Fact Sheets. August 16. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2010p. "Lead concentrations in the Canadian population, 2007 to 2009." Health Fact Sheets. August 16. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2010q. "Mercury concentrations in the Canadian population, 2007 to 2009." Health Fact Sheets. August 16. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2011c. "Adult obesity prevalence in Canada and the United States." Health Fact Sheets. March 2. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2011d. "Physical activity levels of Canadian adults, 2007 to 2009." Health Fact Sheets. September 28. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2011e. "Physical activity levels of Canadian children and youth, 2007 to 2009." Health Fact Sheets. September 28. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

Data tables

---. 2010r. Canadian Health Measures Survey: Cycle 1 Data Tables, 2007 to 2009 (table). Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-623-X.Ottawa, Ontario. 70 p.

External articles and publications

Adamo, Kristi B., Kellie A. Langlois, Kendra E. Brett and Rachel C. Colley. 2012. "Young children and parental physical activity levels: Findings from the Canadian Health Measures Survey." American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Vol. 43, no. 2. August. pp. 168 to 175.

Allison, P. J., T. Bailey, L. Beattie, S. Birch, L. Dempster and N. Edwards. 2014. "Improving access to oral health care for vulnerable people living in Canada." Ottawa, ON: Canadian Academy of Health Sciences.

Angerer, Jurgen, Lesa L. Aylward, Sean M. Hays, Birger Heinzow and Michael Wilhelm. 2011. "Human biomonitoring assessment values: Apporaches and data requirements." International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. Vol. 214, no. 5. September. pp. 348 to 360.

Arbuckle, TE., Davis, K., Boylan, K., Fisher, M., Fu, J. 2016 "Bisphenol A, phthalates and lead and learning and behavioral problems in Canadian children 6–11 years of age: CHMS 2007–2009" Elsevier, NeuroToxicology, Vol. 54, May 2016, pp. 89-98.

Arbuckle, TE., Davis, K., Boylan, K., Fisher, M., Fu, J. "Proceed data for CHMS 2007-2009: Bisphenol A, phthalates and lead and learning and behavioral problems in Canadian children 6–19 years of age" Elsevier, NeuroToxicology, Vol. 8, September 2016, pp. 784-802.

Arora, Paul, Priya Vasa, Darren Brenner, Karl Iglar, Phil McFarlane, Howard Morrison and Alaa Badawi. 2013. "Prevalence estimates of chronic kidney disease in Canada: Results of a nationally representative survey." Canadian Medical Association Journal. Vol. 185, no. 9. June. pp. E417 to E423.

Atwood, Kristin M., Cynthia J. Robitaille, Kim Reimer, Sulan Dai, Helen L. Johansen and Mark J. Smith. 2013. "Comparison of diagnosed, self-reported, and physically-measured hypertension in Canada." Canadian Journal of Cardiology. Vol. 29, no. 5. May. pp. 606 to 612.

Aylward, Lesa L., Evan Green, Miquel Porta, Leisa-Maree Toms, Elly Den Hond, Christine Schulz, Magda Gasull, Jose Pumarega, André Conrad, Marike Kolossa- Gehring, Greet Schoeters and Jochen F. Mueller. 2014. "Population variation in biomonitoring data for persistent organic pollutants (POPs): an examination of multiple population-based datasets for application to Australian pooled biomonitoring data." Environment International. Vol. 68. July. pp. 127 to 138.

Bonnet, Colin, Rasheda Rabbani, Michael E. K. Moffatt, Anastasia Kelekis-Cholakis and Robert Schroth. 2019. "The relation between periodontal disease and vitamin D." Journal of the Canadian Dental Association. Vol. 85. pp. 1 to 9.

Brenner, Darren R., Paul Arora, Bibiana García-Bailo, Howard Morrison, Ahmed El- Sohemy, Mohamed Karmali and Alaa Badawi. 2011. "The relationship between inflammation, metabolic syndrome and markers of cardiometabolic disease among Canadian adults." Journal of Diabetes & Metabolism. Vol. 2, no. 9. December.

Brenner, Darren R., Paul Arora, Bibiana García-Bailo, Thomas M.S. Wolever, Howard Morrison, Ahmed El-Sohemy, Mohamed Karmali and Alaa Badawi. 2011. "Plasma vitamin D levels and risk of metabolic syndrome in Canadians." Clinical and Investigative Medicine. Vol. 34, no. 6. December. pp. E377 to E384.

Cakmak, Sabit, Robert Dales, C. Hebbern and G. Saravanabhavan. 2014. "The association between urinary phthalates and lung function." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Vol. 56, no. 4. April. pp. 376 to 381.

Cakmak, Sabit, Robert Dales, Judith Leech and Ling Liu. 2011. "The influence of air pollution on cardiovascular and pulmonary function and exercise capacity: Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS)." Environmental Research. Vol. 111, no. 8. November. pp. 1309 to 1312.

Clarke, Janine and Ian Janssen. 2014. "Sporadic and bouted physical activity and the metabolic syndrome in adults." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. Vol. 46, no. 1. January. pp. 76 to 83.

Colapinto, Cynthia K., Deborah L. O'Connor and Mark S. Tremblay. 2011. "Folate status of the population in the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Canadian Medical Association Journal. Vol. 183, no. 2. February. pp. E100 to E106.

Colapinto, Cynthia K., Deborah L. O'Connor, L. Dubois and Mark S. Tremblay. 2012. "Folic acid supplement use is the most significant predictor of folate concentrations in Canadian women of childbearing age". Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism. Vol. 37, no. 2. pp. 284 to 292.

Colapinto, Cynthia K., Mark S. Tremblay, Susanne Aufreiter, Tracey Bushnik, Christine M. Pfeiffer and Deborah L. O'Connor. 2014. "The direction of the difference between Canadian and American erythrocyte folate concentrations is dependent on the assay method employed: a comparison of the Canadian Health Measures Survey and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey". British Journal of Nutrition. August. pp. 1 to 9.

Colley, Rachel C., Didier Garriguet, Ian Janssen, Suzy L. Wong, Travis J. Saunders, Valerie Carson and Mark S. Tremblay. 2013. "The association between accelerometer- measured patterns of sedentary time and health risk in children and youth: results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey." BMC Public Health. Vol. 13, no. 200. March.

Colley, Rachel C., Didier Garriguet, Kristi B. Adamo, Valerie Carson, Ian Janssen, Brian W. Timmons and Mark S. Tremblay. 2013. "Physical activity and sedentary behavior during the early years in Canada: a cross-sectional study." International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. Vol. 10, no. 54.

Colley, Rachel C., Ian Janssen and Mark S. Tremblay. 2012. "Daily step target to measure adherence to physical activity guidelines in children." Medicine & Science in Sport & Exercise. Vol. 44, no. 5. May. pp. 977 to 982.

Colley, Rachel C. and Mark S. Tremblay. 2011. "Moderate and vigorous physical activity intensity cut-points for the Actical accelerometer." Journal of Sports Sciences. Vol. 29, no. 8. May. pp. 783 to 789.

Collins, Kelsey H., Behnam Sharif, Claudia Sanmartin, Raylene A. Reimer, Walter Herzog, Rick Chin and Deborah A. Marshall. 2016. "Association of body mass index (BMI) and percent body fat among BMI-defined non-obese middle-aged individuals: Insights from a population-based Canadian sample." Canadian Journal of Public Health. Vol. 107, no. 6. November. pp. e520 to e525.

Craig, Cora L., Margot Shields, Allana G. Leblanc and Mark S. Tremblay. 2012. "Trends in aerobic fitness among Canadians, 1981 to 2007–2009." Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism. Vol. 37, no. 3. pp. 511 to 519.

Crane, Connie Jeske. 2014. "Getting girls to stay in the game." Herizons. Vol. 27, no. 3. Winter. pp. 7 to 9.

Curren, Meredith. 2017. "Special analysis of metals in adults from Cycle 1 of the CHMS and which excludes children (18-79)". NCP CACAR IV Report. May.

Cushman, Reid, A. Michael Froomkinb, Anita Cavac, Patricia Abrilc and Kenneth W. Goodman. 2010. "Ethical, legal and social issues for personal health records and applications." Journal of Biomedical Informatics. Vol. 43, no. 5. October. pp. S51 to S55.

Czoli, Christine D. and David Hammond. 2014. "TSNA exposure: Levels of NNAL among Canadian tobacco users." Nicotine and Tobacco Research. Vol. 17, no. 7. July. pp. 825 to 830.

Da Costa, Laura A., Paul Arora, Bibiana García-Bailo, Mohamed Karmali, Ahmed El- Sohemy and Alaa Badewi. 2012. "The association between obesity, cardiometabolic disease biomarkers, and innate immunity-related inflammation in Canadian adults." Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy. Vol. 2012, no. 5. October. pp. 347 to 355.

Dales, Robert E., Sabit Cakmak, Judith Leech and Ling Liu. 2013. "The association between personal care products and lung function." Annals of Epidemiology. Vol. 23, no. 2. February. pp. 49 to 53.

Duncan, L. and Ashley Bonner. 2014. "Effects of income and dental insurance coverage on need for dental care in Canada." Journal of Canadian Dental Association. Vol. 80, no. 6. pp. 1 to 9.

Elani, Hawazin W., Sam Harper, P.J. Allison, C. Bedos and J.S. Kaufman. 2012."Socio- economic inequalities and oral health in Canada and the United States." Journal of Dental Research. Vol. 9, no. 91. September. pp. 865 to 870.

Elani, Hawazin W., Sam Harper, William Murray Thomson, Iris L. Espinoza, Gloria C. Mejia, Xiangqun Ju, Lisa M. Jamieson, Ichiro Kawachi and Jay S. Kaufman. 2017. "Social inequalities in tooth loss: A multinational comparison." Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology. Vol. 45, no. 3. February. pp. 266 to 274.

Farmer, Julie. 2015. "Measuring the magnitude of oral health inequalities within and between Canada the United States from 1970 to 2009. Graduate Department of Dentistry." Toronto, ON: University of Toronto.

Fernandez, Lois, Penny Jee, Mari-Jill Klein, Peter Fischer, Sherry L. Perkins and Stephen P.J. Brooks. 2013. "A comparison of glucose concentration in paired specimens collected in serum separator and fluoride/potassium oxalate blood collection tubes under survey 'field' conditions." Clinical Biochemistry. Vol. 46, no. 4 to 5. March. pp. 285 to 288.

Fisher, Mandy, Tye E. Arbuckle, Mike Wade and Douglas A. Haines. 2013. "Do perfluoroalkyl substances affect metabolic function and serum lipids?—Analysis of the 2007–2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) Cycle 1." Environmental Research. Vol. 121. February. pp. 95 to 103.

Galloway, Tracey, Kue. Young and Grace M. Egeland. 2010. "Emerging obesity among preschool-aged Canadian Inuit children: results from the Nunavut Inuit Child Health Survey." International journal of circumpolar health. Vol. 69, no. 2. March. pp. 151 to 157.

García-Bailo, Bibiana, Laura Da Costa, Paul Arora, Mohamed Karmali, Ahmed El- Sohemy and Alaa Badewi. 2013. "Plasma vitamin D and biomarkers of cardiometabolic disease risk in adult Canadians, 2007-2009." Preventing Chronic Disease. Vol. 10.

Gee, Marianne E., Asako Bienek, Finlay A. McAlister, Cynthia Robitaille, Michel Joffres, Mark S. Tremblay, Helen Johansen and Norman R.C. Campbell. 2012. "Factors associated with lack of awareness and uncontrolled high blood pressure among Canadian adults with hypertension." Canadian Journal of Cardiology. Vol. 28, no. 3. May. pp. 375 to 382.

Gee, Marianne E., Ian Janssen, William Pickett, Finlay A. McAlister, Christina M. Bancej, Michel Joffres, Helen Johansen and Norman R.C. Campbell. 2012. "Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension Among Canadian Adults With Diabetes, 2007 to 2009." Canadian Journal of Cardiology. Vol. 28, no. 3. May. pp. 367 to 374.

Gibson, Lindsay Ellen. 2014. "Beverage consumption patterns and oral health outcomes: Do milk and water confer protective benefits against sugary- or acidic- beverage consumption?" Health Studies and Gerontology. Waterloo, ON: Waterloo University.

Gravel, Sabrina, Jérôme Lavoué and France Labrèche. 2017. "Workers' exposure to brominated flame retardants: A glance at American and Canadian population databases." Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Vol. 74, no. 1. pp. A128 to A129.

Gravel, Sabrina, Jérôme Lavoué and France Labrèche. 2018. "Exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in American and Canadian workers: Biomonitoring data from two national surveys." Science of the Total Environment. Vol. 631 to 632. August. pp. 1465 to 1471.

Greene-Finestone, Linda S., Kellie A. Langlois and Susan J. Whiting. 2013. "Characteristics of users of supplements containing vitamin D in Canada and associations between dose and 25-hydroxvitamin D." Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism. Vol. 38, no. 7, July. pp. 707 to 715.

Greenfield, Jamie, Philip S. Park, Ellie Farahani, Suneil Malik, Reinhold Vieth, Norman A McFarlane, Theodore G. Shepherd and Julia A Knight. 2012. "Solar ultraviolet-B radiation and vitamin D: a cross-sectional population-based study using data from the 2007 to 2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey." BMC Public Health. Vol. 12, no. 1. pp. 660 to 669.

Grenon, Gordon Lee. 2013. "Persistent organic pollutants and type II diabetes mellitus." Faculty of Health Sciences. Burnaby, BC: Simon Fraser University.

Gurusankar, Saravanabhavan, Mireille Guay, Éric Langlois, Suzelle Giroux, Janine Murray and Douglas Haines. 2013. "Biomonitoring of phthalate metabolites in the Canadian population through the Canadian Health Measures Survey (2007-2009)." International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. Vol. 216, no. 6. November. pp. 652 to 661.

Gurusankar, Saravanabhavan, Mireille Guay, Mike Walker, Lesa Aylward. 2014. "Urinary excretion and daily intake rates of diethyl phthalate in the general Canadian population." Science of the Total Environment. Vol. 500-501, December. pp. 191 to 198.

Haines, Douglas A. and Janine Murray. 2012. "Human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals—Early results of the 2007-2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey for males and females." International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. Vol. 215, no. 2. February. pp. 133 to 137.

Haines, Douglas A., Tye E. Arbuckle, Ellen Lye, Melissa Legrand, Mandy Fisher, Renée Langlois and William Fraser. 2011. "Reporting results of human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals to study participants: a comparison of approaches followed in two Canadian studies." Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health. Vol. 65, no. 3. March. pp. 191 to 198.

Haines, Douglas A., Melissa Legrand, Tye E. Arbuckle, Jay Van Oosldam, Robert W. Dabeka, Constantine Tikhonov et William Fraser. 2012. "Examples of Ongoing International Surveys: Canada". Biomarkers and Human Biomonitoring. Vol. 1. pp. 79- 106.

Hajna, Samantha, Kaberi Dasgupta and Nancy A. Ross. 2018. "Laboratory-assessed markers of cardiometabolic health and associations with GIS-based measures of active- living environments." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. Vol. 15, no. 10. July. pp. 1 to 11.

Hajna, Samantha, Nancy A. Ross, Lawrence Joseph, Sam Haper and Kaberi Dasgupta. 2015. "Neighbourhood walkability, daily steps and utilitarian walking in Canadian adults." BMJ Open. vol. 5, no. 11. November. pp. 1 to 10.

Hayes, Alyssa, Amir Azarpazhooh, Laura Dempster, Vahid Ravaghi and Carlos Quiñonez. 2013. "Time loss due to dental problems and treatment in the Canadian population: analysis of a nationwide cross-sectional survey." BMC Oral Health. Vol.13, April.

Health Canada. 2010a. Overview of the Report on Human Biomonitoring of Environmental Chemicals in Canada. Ottawa, Ontario. Minister of Health. 7 p.

---. 2010b. Report on Human Biomonitoring of Environmental Chemicals in Canada Results of the Canadian Health Measures Survey Cycle 1 (2007– 2009). Ottawa, Ontario. Minister of Health. 283 p.

---. 2010c. Report on the Findings of the Oral Health Component of the Canadian Health Measures Survey 2007– 2009. Ottawa, Ontario. Minister of Health. 111 p.

---. 2010d. Summary Report on the Findings of the Oral Health Component ofthe Canadian Health Measures Survey 2007– 2009. Ottawa, Ontario. Minister of Health. 19 p.

---. 2013a. Final Human Health State of the Science Report on Lead. Ottawa, Ontario. Minister of Health. 101 p.

---. 2013b. Risk Management Strategy for Lead. Ottawa, Ontario. Minister of Health. 63 p.

Héroux, M., V. Onywera, Mark. S. Tremblay, K. B. Adamo, J. L. Taylor, E. J. Ulloa and I Janssen. 2013. "The relation between aerobic fitness, muscular fitness and obesity in children from three countries at different stages of the physical activity transition." ISRN Obesity. Vol. 2013. 10 p.

Higgins, Benjamin Roscoe. 2013. "Exploring relationships between socio-economic status and the health correlates of excess weight among Canadians." Department of Sociology. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary.

Jamieson, L. M., H.W. Elani, G. C. Mejia, X. Ju, I. Kawachi, S. Harper, W. M. Thomson and J. S. Kaufman. 2016. "Inequalities in Indigenous oral health: Findings from Australia, New Zealand, and Canada." Journal of Dental Research. Vol. 95, no. 12. November. pp. 1375 to 1380.

Janssen, Ian. 2012. "Health care costs of physical inactivity in Canadian adults." Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism. Vol. 37, no. 4. pp. 803 to 806.

Janssen, Ian, Margot Shields, Cora L. Craig and Mark S. Tremblay. 2011. "Prevalence and secular changes in abdominal obesity in Canadian adolescents and adults, 1981 to 2007-2009." Obesity Reviews. Vol. 12, no. 6. June. pp. 397 to 405.

---. 2012. "Changes in the obesity phenotype within Canadian children and adults, 1981 to 2007-2009." Obesity. Vol. 20, no. 4. April. pp. 916 to 919.

Janssen, Ian, Suzy L. Wong, Rachel Colley and Mark S. Tremblay. 2013. "The fractionalization of physical activity throughout the week is associated with the cardiometabolic health of children and youth." BMC Public Health. Vol. 13. June.

Joffres, Michel, Margot Shields, Mark S. Tremblay and Sarah Connor Gorber. 2013. "Dyslipidemia prevalence, treatment, control, and awareness in the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Canadian Journal of Public Health. Vol. 104, no. 3. May-June. pp. E252 to E257.

Keboya, Solange Feseke. 2014. "L'association entre les niveaux d'arsenic urinaire et la prévalence du diabète de type 2 au Canada." Épidémiologie. Québec, QC: Université Laval.

Khan, Sara, Julian Little and Yue Chen. 2014. "Relationship between adiposity and pulmonary function in school-aged Canadian children." Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonology. Vol. 27, no. 3. September. pp. 126 to 132.

Khan, Sarah, Xiao-Mei Mai and Yue Chen. 2013. "Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D associated with pulmonary function in Canadian adults with excess adiposity." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Vol. 98, no. 1. pp. 174 to 179.

---. 2014. "The link between plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and lung function in general and asthmatic children." Pediatric allergy, immunology and pulmonology. Vol. 27, no. 2. June. pp. 87 to 91.

Kuhle, Stefan, Christina Fung and Paul J. Veugelers. 2013. "Medication use in normal weight and overweight children in a nationally representative sample of Canadian children." Archives of Diseases in Childhood. Vol. 97, no. 9. September. pp. 842 to 847.

L'Abbe, Mary R., Ying Qi, Marcia Cooper and Wendy Lou. 2011. "Iron bioavailability of the diets of Canadians." The FASEB Journal. Vol. 25, no. 1.

LaKind, Judy S., Johanne Levesque, Pierre Dumas, Shirley Bryan, Janine Clarke and Daniel Q. Naiman. 2012. "Comparing United States and Canadian population exposures from national biomonitoring surveys: Bisphenol A intake as a case study." Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. Vol. 22, no. 3. May. pp. 219 to 226.

Landry, Denise. 2013. "Interrelationships between vitamin D and body mass index and waist circumference in Canada." Epidemiology & Community Medicine. Ottawa, ON: University of Ottawa. 120 p.

Larouche, Richard, G. E. J. Faulkner, M. Fortier and Mark S. Tremblay. 2014. "Active transportation and adolescents' health: The Canadian Health Measures Survey." American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Vol. 46, no. 5. pp. 507 to 515.

Larouche, Richard, Louis Laurencelle, Roy J. Shephard and François Trudeau. 2012. "Life transitions in the waning of physical activity from childhood to adult life in the Trois- Rivières study." Journal of Physical Activity and Health. Vol. 9, no. 4. May. pp. 516 to 524.

Larouche, Richard, Meghann Lloyd, Emily Knight and Mark S. Tremblay. 2011. "Relationship between active school transport and body mass index in grades 4 to 6 children." Pediatric Exercise Science. Vol. 23, no. 3. August. pp. 322 to 330.

Lye, Ellen, Melissa Legrand, Janine Clarke and Adam Probert. 2013. "Blood total mercury concentrations in the Canadian population: Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1, 2007-2009." Canadian Journal of Public Health. Vol. 104, no. 3. May-June. pp. E246 to E251.

MacFarlane, Amanda J., Linda S. Greene-Finestone and Yipu Shi. 2011. "Vitamin B-12 and homocysteine status in a folate-replete population: results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Vol. 94, no. 4. October. pp. 1079 to 1087.

Maximova, Katerina, Stefan Kuhle, Zachary Davidson, Christina Fung and Paul J. Veugelers. 2013. "Cardiovascular risk factor profiles of normal and overweight children and adolescents: insights from the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Canadian Journal of Cardiology. Vol. 29, no. 8. August. pp. 976 to 982.

McAlister, Finlay A., Cynthia Robitaille, Cathleen Gillespie, Keming Yuan, Deepa P. Rao, Steven Grover, Sulan Dai, Helen Johansen, Michel Joffres, Fleetwood Loustalot and Norm Campbell. 2013. "The impact of cardiovascular risk-factor profiles on blood pressure control rates in adults from Canada and the United States." Canadian Journal of Cardiology. Vol. 29, no. 5. May. pp. 598 to 605.

McAlister, Finlay A., Kathryn Wilkins, Michel Joffres, Frans H.H. Leenen, George Fodor, Marianne Gee, Mark S. Tremblay, Robin Walker, Helen Johansen and Norm Campbell. 2011. "Changes in the rates of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in Canada over the past two decades." Canadian Medical Association Journal. Vol. 183, no. 9. June. pp. 1007-1013.

Nicolae, Alexandra, Harry Ames and Carlos Quiñonez. 2013. "Dental amalgam and urinary mercury concentrations: a descriptive study ." BMC Oral Health. Vol. 13, no. 44. September.

Niruban, Selvanayagam John. 2014. "Association between asthma and vitamin D in children, adolescents and adults." Department of Public Health Sciences. Edmonton, AB: University of Alberta.

Niruban, Selvanayagam John, K. Alagiakrishnan, J. Beach and A. Senthilselvan. 2014. "Association of vitamin D with respiratory outcomes in Canadian children."European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Vol. 68, no. 12. July.

Onywera, V. O., M. Héroux, E. J. Ulloa, K. B. Adamo, J. L. Taylor, I. Janssen and Mark S. Tremblay. 2013. "Adiposity and physical activity among children in countries at different stages of the physical activity transition: Canada, Mexico and Kenya." African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance. Vol. 19, no. 1. pp. 134 to 144.

Ordre des dentistes du Québec. 2010. "Rapport des résultats du module sur la santé buccodentaire de l'Enquête canadienne sur les mesures de la santé 2007-2009." Journal de l'Ordre des dentistes du Québec. Vol. 47, no. 3. June-July. pp. 24.

Ornek, Mustafa. 2016. "The BMI: Measurement, physician costs and distributional decomposition. Health Policy PhD Program." Hamilton, ON: McMaster University.

Oulhote, Youssef, Jonathan Chevrier and Maryse F. Bouchard. 2015. "Exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hypothyroidism in Canadian women." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. Vol. 101, no. 2. pp. 590 to 598.

Oulhote, Youssef and Maryse Bouchard. 2013a. "Pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides and behavioral problems, CHMS." American Journal of Epidemiology. Vol. 177. June.

---. 2013b. "Urinary metabolites of organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides and behavioral problems in Canadian children." Environmental Health Perspectives. Vol. 121, no. 11-12. November-December. pp. 1378 to 1384.

Padwal, Raj S., Hsui-Ju Chang, Scott Klarenbach, Arya M. Sharma and Sumit R. Majumdar. 2012. "Characteristics of the population eligible for and receiving publicly funded bariatric surgery in Canada." International Journal for Equity in Health. Vol. 11. September.

Ramraj, Chantel. 2012. "Dental treatment needs in the Canadian population." Faculty of Dentistry. Toronto, ON: University of Toronto. pp. 1 to 103.

Ramraj, Chantel, Amir Azarpazhooh, Laura Dempster, Vahid Ravaghi and Carlos Quiñonez. 2012. "Dental treatment needs in the Canadian population: analysis of a nationwide cross-sectional survey." BMC Oral Health. Vol. 12. October.

Ramraj, Chantel, L. Sadeghi, H.P. Lawrence, L. Dempster, and C. Quiñonez. 2013. "Is accessing dental care becoming more difficult? Evidence from Canada's middle-income population." PLOS ONE. Vol. 8, no. 2. February.

Rao, Deepa P, Dai, Sulan, Claudia Lagacé and Daniel Krewski. 2014. "Metabolic Syndrome and Chronic Disease." Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada. Vol. 34, no. 1. February.

Ravaghi, Vahid, Carlos Quiñonez and Paul J. Allison. 2013a. "Comparing inequalities in oral and general health: Findings of the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Canadian Journal of Public Health. Vol. 104, no. 7. pp. E466 to E471.

---. 2013b. "The magnitude of oral health inequalities in Canada: Findings of the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology. Vol. 41, no. 6. pp. 490 to 498.

---. 2013c. "Oral pain and its covariates: findings of a Canadian population-based study." Journal of the Canadian Dental Association. Vol. 79, no. (d3). pp. 1 to 9.

Rawn, Dorothea F.K., J. Jake Ryan, Amy R. Sadler, Wing-Fun Sun, Douglas Haines, Kristin Macey and Jay Van Oostdam. 2012. "PCDD/F and PCB concentrations in sera from the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) from 2007 to 2009." Environment International. Vol. 47, no. 15. October. pp. 48 to 55.

Rawn, Dorothea F.K., J. Jake Ryan, Amy R. Sadler, Wing-Fun Sun, Douglas Haines, Kristin Macey and Jay Van Oostdam. 2012. "PCDD/F and PCB concentrations in sera from the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) from 2007 to 2009." Environment International. Vol. 47, no. 15. October. pp. 48 to 55.

Rawn, Dorothea F.K., J. Jake Ryan, Amy R. Sadler, Wing-Fun Sun, Dorcas Weber, Patrick Laffey, Douglas Haines, Kristin Macey and Jay Van Oostdam. 2014. "Brominated flame retardant concentrations in sera from the Canadian Health Measures survey (CHMS) from 2007 to 2009." Environment International. Vol. 63. February. pp. 26 to 34

Richardson, G. Mark. 2012. "Evidence that bisphenol-a exposure is not associated with composite resin dental fillings." Pediatrics. Vol. 130, no. 2. pp. 1.

---. 2013. "2013 Canadian exposure factors handbook: Life expectancy, body dimensions, inhalation, time-activity, and soil ingestion." Saskatoon, SK: University of Saskatchewan, Toxicology Centre. 60 p.

---. 2014. "Mercury exposure and risks from dental amalgam in Canada: The Canadian Health Measures Survey 2007-2009." Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal. Vol.20, no. 2. pp. 433 to 447.

Riediger, Natalie D. and Ian Clara. 2011. "Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in the Canadian adult population." Canadian Medical Association Journal. Vol. 183, no. 15. October. pp. E1127 to E1134.

Ries, Nola M., Jane LeGrandeur and Tomothy Caulfield. 2010. "Handling ethical, legal and social issues in birth cohort studies involving genetic research: responses from studies in six countries." BMC Med Ethics. Vol. 11, no. 4. March.

Saravanabhavan, Gurusankar and J. Murray. 2012. "Human biological monitoring of diisononyl phthalate and diisodecyl phthalate: a review." Journal of Environmental and Public Health. Vol. 2012. 11 p.

Schroth, R. J., R. Rabbani, G. Loewen and M. E. Moffatt. 2016. "Vitamin D and dental caries in children." Journal of Dental Research. Vol. 95, no. 2. November. pp. 173 to 179.

Setayeshgar, Solmaz, Susan J. Whiting and Hassanali Vatanparast. 2012. "Metabolic syndrome in Canadian adults and adolescents: Prevalence and associated dietary intake." ISRN Obesity. Vol. 2012. pp. 1 to 8.

---. 2013. "Prevalence of 10-year risk of cardiovascular diseases and associated risks in Canadian adults: The contribution of cardiometabolic risk assessment introduction." International Journal of Hypertension. Vol. 2013. pp. 1 to 8.

Shi, Yipu, Margaret de Groh and Howard Morrison. 2012. "Increasing blood pressure and its associated factors in Canadian children and adolescents from the Canadian Health Measures Survey."BMC Public Health. Vol. 12, no. 388. May.

---. 2013. "Perinatal and early childhood factors for overweight and obesity in young Canadian children." Canadian Journal of Public Health. Vol. 104, no. 1. January- February. pp. e69 to e74.

Shields, Margot, Margaret D. Carroll and Cynthia L. Ogden. 2011. "Adult Obesity Prevalence in Canada and the United States." NCHS Data Brief. no. 56. March. 7 p.

Singh, Kavita, Subramanian Karthikeyan, and Annie St-Amand. 2018. "Factors associated with plasma concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) in the Canadian population." International Journal of Environmental Health Research. Vol. 29, no. 3. November. pp. 326-347.

Sluggett, Larine. 2012. "Associations between sleep duration and indicators of cardio- metabolic disease in Canadian children and adolescents." School of Health Sciences. Prince George, BC: University of Northern British Columbia.

Sluggett, Larine, Shannon Wagner, Cindy Hardy and R. Luke Harris. 2016. "Associations between sleep duration and indicators of cardiometabolic disease in Canadian children and adolescents: Analyses of the 2007-2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey." Childhood Obesity. Vol. 12, no. 5. October. pp. 325 to 333.

Stone, M.R., G.E. Faulkner and R.N. Buliung. 2013. "How active are children in Toronto? A comparison with accelerometry data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey". Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada. Vol. 33, no. 2. March. pp. 61 to 68.

Theis, Beth, Roxana Raut, Elisa Candido, Stephanie Young, and Loraine D. Marrett. 2011. "Risk factor and screening report, national and provincial, incorporating sociodemographic variables." Colorectal Cancer Network (CRCNet), Cancer Care Ontario. September. pp. 1 to 122.

Theis, Beth, Roxana Raut, J.P.K. Chan, Elisa Candido, and Loraine D. Marrett. 2011. "Risk factors and screening by age and sex, national and provincial." Colorectal Cancer Network (CRCNet), Cancer Care Ontario. June. pp. 1 to 84.

Thompson, Brandy. 2012. "Cost barriers to dental care in Canada." Department of Dentistry. Toronto, ON: University of Toronto.

Thompson, Brandy, P. Cooney, H. Lawrence, V. Ravaghi and C. Quiñonez. 2014. "Cost as a barrier to accessing dental care: findings from a Canadian population-based study." Journal of Public Health Dentistry. Vol. 74, no. 3. January.

Votova, Kristine M.E, Régis Blais, Margaret J. Penning, and Malcolm K. Maclure. 2013 "Polypharmacy meets polyherbacy: Pharmaceutical, over-the-counter and natural health product use among Canadian adults." Canadian Journal of Public Health. Vol. 104, no. 3. May-June. pp. 222 to 228.

Whiting, Susan J., Kellie A. Langlois, Hassanali Vatanparast and Linda S. Greene- Finestone. 2011. "The vitamin D status of Canadians relative to the 2011 Dietary Reference Intakes: an examination in children and adults with and without supplement use." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Vol. 93, no. 7. July. 8 p.

Wong, Suzy Lai, Eric Malaison, David Hammond and Scott T. Leatherdale. 2013. "Secondhand smoke exposure among Canadians: Cotinine and self-report measures from the Canadian Health Measures Survey 2007–2009." Nicotine & Tobacco Research. Vol. 15, no. 3. March. pp. 693 to 700.

Wong, Suzy Lai, Rachel Colley, Sarah Connor Gorber and Mark Tremblay. 2011. "Actical accelerometer sedentary activity thresholds for adults." Journal of Physical Activity and Health. Vol. 8, no. 4. May. pp. 587 to 591.

Yao, Chao Shu and Michael I. MacEntee. 2013. "Inequity in Oral Health Care for Elderly Canadians: Part 1. Oral Health Status." Journal of the Canadian Dental Association. Vol. 79. December

Ye, Ming, Jeremy Beach, Jonahtan W. Martin and Ambikaipakan Senthilselvan. 2015a. "Associations between dietary factors and urinary concentrations of organophosphate and pyrethroid metabolites in a Canadian general population." International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. Vol. 218, no. 7. October. pp. 616 to 626.

---. 2015b. "Association between Lung Function in Adults and Plasma DDT and DDE Levels Results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Environmental Health Perspectives. Vol. 123, no. 5. May, pages 422 to 427.

---. 2016. "Urinary dialkyl phosphate concentrations and lung function parameters in adolescents and adults: Results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Environmental Health Perspectives. Vol. 124, no. 4. April. pp. 491 to 497.

---. 2017. "Pesticide exposures and respiratory health in general populations." Journal of Environmental Sciences. Vol. 51. January. pp. 361 to 370.

Zinck, John, Margaret de Groh and Amanda MacFarlane. 2015. "Genetic modifiers of folate, vitamin B-12, and homocysteine status in a cross-sectional study of the Canadian population." The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Vol. 202, no. 6.

Zuk, Aleksandra, Carlos Quiñonez, Michael Lebenbaum and Laura C. Rosella. 2017. "The association between undiagnosed glycaemic abnormalities and cardiometabolic risk factors with periodontitis: results from 2007-2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey." Journal of Clinical Periodontology. Vol. 44, no. 2. December. pp. 132 to 141.

Cycle 2 (2009 to 2011)

Health at a Glance articles

Janz, Teresa and Caryn Pearson. 2013. "Vitamin D blood levels of Canadians." Health at a Glance. January 10. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-624-X.

Health Reports articles

Cooper, Marcia, Linda Greene-Finestone, Hélène Lowell, Johanne Levesque and Stacey Robinson. 2012. "Iron sufficiency of Canadians." Health Reports. Vol. 23, no. 4. December. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 41 to 48.

Patry-Parisien, Jennifer, Jiping Zhu and Suzy L. Wong. 2013. "Implementation of the indoor air component of cycle 2 of the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Reports. Vol. 24, no. 5. May. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 3 to 10.

Patry-Parisien, Jennifer, Margot Shields and Shirley Bryan. 2012. "Comparison of waist circumference using the World Health Organization and National Institutes of Health protocols." Health Reports. Vol. 23, no. 3. September. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 53 to 60.

Roberts, Karen C., Margot Shields, Margaret de Groh, Alfred Aziz and Jo-Anne Gilbert. 2012. "Overweight and obesity in children and adolescents: Results from the 2009 to 2011 Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Reports. Vol. 23, no. 3. September. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 37 to 41.

Rotermann, Michelle, Kellie A. Langlois, Alberto Severini and Stephanie Totten. 2013. " Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and herpes simplex virus type 2: Results from the 2009 to 2011 Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Reports. Vol. 24, no. 4. April. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 10 to 15.

Wheeler, Amanda J., Suzy L. Wong, Cheryl Khoury and Jiping Zhu. 2013. "Predictors of indoor BTEX concentrations in Canadian residences." Health Reports. Vol. 24, no. 5. May. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 11 to 17.

The Daily releases

Statistics Canada. 2012a. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Household and physical measures data, 2009 to 2011." The Daily. September 20. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

---. 2012b. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Select laboratory, activity monitor and indoor air data, 2009 to 2011." The Daily. November 21. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

---. 2012c. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Fact sheets and tables related to select laboratory data, 2009 to 2011." The Daily. November 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

---. 2013a. "Study: Vitamin D blood levels of Canadians, 2009-2011." The Daily. January 10. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

---. 2013b. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Laboratory environmental data, 2009 to 2011." The Daily. April 17. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

Health fact sheets

---. 2012d. "Aerobic fitness of Canadians, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. October 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2012e. "Blood pressure of Canadian adults, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. October 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2012f. "Blood pressure of Canadian children and youth, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. October 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2012g. "Body composition of Canadian adults, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. October 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2012h. "Body mass index of Canadian children and youth, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. October 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2012i. "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Canadians, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. October 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2012j. "Muscular strength of Canadians, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. October 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2012k. "Cholesterol levels of Canadians, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. November 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2012l. "Iodine status of Canadians, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. November 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2012m. "Iron sufficiency of Canadians, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. November 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2012n. "Metabolic syndrome in Canadians, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. November 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2012o. "Vitamin B12 status of Canadians, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. November 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2013c. "Bisphenol A concentrations in Canadians, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. April 17. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2013d. "Blood lead concentrations in Canadians, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. April 17. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

Data tables

---. 2012p. Canadian Health Measures Survey: Cycle 2 Data Tables, 2009 to 2011 (table). Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-626-X. Ottawa, Ontario. 80 p.

External articles and publications

Asada, Yukiko, Jeremiah Hurley, Michel Grignon and Susan Kirkland. 2018. "Health inequalities and inequities by age: Stability for the Health Utilities Index and divergence for the Frailty Index." Social Science and Medicine - Population Health. Vol. 5. August. pp. 17 to 32.

Aylward, Lesa L., Stephanie Hays, Anne Vézina, Michelle Deveau, Annie St-Amand and A.B. Nong. 2015. "Biomonitoring Equivalents for interpretation of urinary fluoride." Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. Vol. 72, no. 1. April. pp. 158 to 167.

Betancourt, Marisol T, K.C. Roberts, T-L Bennett, E.R. Driscoll, G. Jayaraman and L. Pelletier. 2014. "Monitoring chronic diseases in Canada: the chronic diseases indicator framework." Chronic diseases and injuries in Canada. Vol. 34, no.1. February. 34 p.

Cakmak, Sabit and Bob Dales. 2018. "The associations between phthalate exposure and insulin resistance, β-cell function and blood glucose control in a population-based sample." Science of the Total Environment. Vol. 612, no. 15. January. pp. 1287-1292.

Health Canada. 2013. Second report on human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals in Canada: Results of the Canadian Health Measures Survey Cycle 2 (2009- 2011). Ottawa, Ontario. Minister of Health. 434 p.

Jayawardene, Innocent F., Kristin Macey, Jean-Francois Paradis, Stephane Belisle, Devika Poddalgoda, Sabit Cakmak, Marie-Pier Lafontaine, Noureen Lalji and Robert Dales. 2018. "Accessing Biobanks to Obtain Human Biomonitoring Data." Environmental Health Perspectives.

Jee, Penny, Lois Fernandez, Sherry L. Perkins and Stephen P.J. Brooks. 2014. "Effect of storage and repeated freeze/thaw on (S) vitamin B12." Clinical Biochemistry. Vol. 47, no. 18. December. pp. 344.

Katz, Sherri, Jean-Philippe Vaccani, Janine Clarke, Lynda Hoey, Rachel C. Coley and Nicholas J. Barrowman. 2014. "Creation of a reference dataset of neck sizes in children: standardizing a potential new tool for prediction of obesity-associated diseases?" BioMed Central. Vol. 14, no. 23. June.

MacFarlane, Amanda J., Yipu Shi and Linda S. Greene-Finestone. 2014. "High dose compared to low dose vitamin B12 supplement use is not associated with higher vitamin B12 status in children, adolescents and older adults." The Journal of Nutrition. Vol. 144, no. 6. June. pp. 915 to 920.

MacPherson, M., M. de Groh, L. Loukine, D. Prud'homme and L. Dubois. 2016. "Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its risk factors in Canadian children and adolescents: Canadian Health Measures Survey Cycle 1 (2007-2009) and Cycle 2 (2009-2011)." Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada: Research, Policy and Practice. Vol. 36, no. 2. February. pp. 32 to 40.

McLaren, Lindsay. 2016. "Fluoridation exposure status based on location of data collection in the Canadian Health Measures Survey: Is it valid?" Journal of the Canadian Dental Association. Vol. 82, no. g17. pp. 1 to 7.

Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion (Public Health Ontario). "Child and youth health data sources project: summary of processes and findings." Toronto, ON: Queen's Printer for Ontario; 2015.

Parent, Marianne. 2018. "An exposure assessment study of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in residential indoor environment using the Canadian Health Measures Survey (Cycle 2: 2009-2011) and a multi-receptors based approach." Department of Community Health and Epidemiology. Halifax, NS: Dalhousie University.

Roberts, Karen C. and G. Jayaraman. 2014. "Childhood Obesity – FPT Framework." Shi, Yipu, Margaret de Groh and Amanda J. MacFarlane. 2014. "Sociodemographic and lifestyle factors associated with folate status among non-supplement-consuming Canadian women of child-bearing age." Canadian Journal of Public Health. Vol 105, no. 3. pp. e166 to e171.

Tai, Xiaochen and Yue Chen. 2016. "Urinary bisphenol A concentrations positively associated with glycated hemoglobin and other indicators of diabetes in Canadian men." Environmental Research. Vol. 147. May. pp. 172 to 178.

Thakkar, Niels, Veronica Jamnik and Chris I. Ardern. 2018. "Cross-associations between physical activity and sedentary time on metabolic health: a comparative assessment using self-reported and objectively measured activity." Journal of Public Health. Vol. 40, no. 4. December. pp. e464 to e473.

Zhu, Jiping, Suzy L. Wong and Sabit Cakmak. 2013. "Nationally representative levels of selected volatile organic compounds in Canadian residential indoor air: Population- based survey." Environmental Science & Technology. Vol. 47, no. 23. October. pp. 13276 to 13283.

Jennifer L. A. Keir, Sabit Cakmak, Jules M. Blais & Paul A. White "The influence of demographic and lifestyle factors on urinary levels of PAH metabolites —empirical analyses of Cycle 2 (2009–2011) CHMS data" Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology February 17, 2020

Cycle 3 (2012 to 2013)

Health Reports articles

Feder, Katya, David Michaud, Pamela Ramage-Morin, James McNamee and Yves Beauregard. 2015. " Prevalence of hearing loss among Canadians aged 20 to 79: Audiometric results from the 2012/2013 Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Reports. Vol. 25, no. 7. July. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 18 to 25.

Langlois, Kelli, Marcia Cooper and Cynthia K. Colapinto. 2016. "Vitamin C status of Canadian adults: Findings from the 2012/2013 Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Reports. Vol. 27, no. 5. May. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 8 p.

Larouche, Richard, Didier Garriguet, Katie E. Gunnell, Gary S. Goldfield and Mark S. Tremblay. 2016. "Outdoor time, physical activity, sedentary time, and health indicators at ages 7 to 14: 2012/2013 Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Reports. Vol. 27, no. 9. September. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 11 p.

The Daily releases

Statistics Canada. 2014a. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Household and physical masures data, 2012 to 2013." The Daily. October 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

---. 2014b. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Selected laboratory and activity monitor data, 2012 and 2013." The Daily. December 16. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

---. 2015a. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Directly measured physical activity of Canadians, 2012 and 2013." The Daily. February 18. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

---. 2015b. "Canadian Health Measures Suvey: Hearing loss of Canadians, 2012 and 2013." The Daily. April 15. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

---. 2015c. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Laboratory environmental data, 2012 and 2013." The Daily. July 15. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

---. 2015d. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Indoor air volatile organic compound data 2012 and 2013." The Daily. September 16. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

---. 2015e. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Medication use and nutrient intake, 2012 and 2013." The Daily. October 20. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

Health fact sheets

---. 2014c. "Body composition of adults, 2012 to 2013." Health Fact Sheets. October 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2014d. "Body mass index of children and youth, 2012 to 2013." Health Fact Sheets. October 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2014e. "Blood pressure of adults, 2012 to 2013." Health Fact Sheets. October 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2014f. "Blood pressure of children and youth, 2012 to 2013." Health Fact Sheets. October 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2014g. "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults, 2012 to 2013." Health Fact Sheets. October 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2014h. "Cholesterol levels of adults, 2012 to 2013." Health Fact Sheets. December 16. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2014i. "Metabolic syndrome in adults, 2012 to 2013." Health Fact Sheets. December 16. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2014j. "Vitamin D levels of Canadians, 2012 to 2013." Health Fact Sheets. December 16. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2014k. "Vitamin C levels of Canadians, 2012 to 2013." Health Fact Sheets. December 16. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2015f. "Directly measured physical activity of adults, 2012 and 2013." Health Fact Sheets. February 18. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2015g. "Directly measured physical activity of children and youth, 2012 and 2013." Health Fact Sheets. February 18. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2015h. "Hearing loss of Canadians, 2012 and 2013." Health Fact Sheets. April 15. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2015i. "Tobacco use of Canadians, 2012 and 2013." Health Fact Sheets. July 15. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2015j. "Lead, mercury and cadmium concentrations in Canadians, 2012 and 2013." Health Fact Sheets. July 15. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2015k. "Bisphenol A concentrations in Canadians, 2012 and 2013." Health Fact Sheets. July 15. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2015l. "Omega-3 fatty acid levels of adults, 2012 and 2013." Health Fact Sheets. November 18. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

External Releases

Brooks, Stephen, L. Green-Finestone, and S. Whiting. 2017. "An Analysis of Factors Associated with 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels in White and Non-White Canadians." Journal of AOAC International. Vol 100, no. 5. October. pp. 1345-1354.

Czoli, Christine D. and David Hammond. 2018. "Carcinogen exposure among Canadian tobacco users: Changes in NNK Exposure from 2007–2009 through 2012–2013." Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. Vol. 27, no. 3. March. pp. 262 to 267.

Feder, Katya, David Michaud, Yves Beauregard; Elizabeth Fitzpatrick, James McNamee, Hugh Davies, Tony Leroux. 2017. "Prevalence of hazardous occupational noise exposure, hearing loss, and hearing protection usage among a representative sample of working Canadians." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Vol. 59, no. 1. pp. 92-113.

Fleet, Kristen. 2017. "Proinflammatory food consumption and chronic kidney disease in a Canadian nationally representative sample." Human Nutritional Sciences. Winnipeg, MB: University of Manitoba.

Jones, Amanda C., J. Lennert Veerman and David Hammond. 2017. "The health and economic impact of a tax on sugary drinks in Canada." Waterloo, ON: Canadian Cancer Society, Diabetes Canada, Childhood Obesity Foundation, Chronic Disease Prevention A.

Levy, Emile, Mariia Samoilenko, Sophia Morel, Jade England, Devendra Amre, Laurence Bertout, Simon Drouin, Caroline Laverdière, Maja Krajinovic, Daniel Sinnett, Geneviève Lefebvre and Valérie Marcil. 2017. "Cardiometabolic risk factors in childhood, adolescent and young adult survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia - A Petale cohort." Scientific Reports. Vol 7. December. pp. 1 to 9.

Malin, Ashley, Julie Riddell, Hugh McCague and Christine Till. 2018. "Fluoride exposure and thyroid function among adults living in Canada: Effect modification by iodine status." Environment International. Vol. 121, no. 1. December. pp. 667 to 674.

Munasinghe, Lalani L., Noreen Willows, Yan Yuan and Paul J Veugelers. 2015. "The prevalence and determinants of use of vitamin D supplements among children in Alberta, Canada: A cross-sectional study." BMC Public Health. Vol. 15, no. 1. pp. 1 to 7.

Munasinghe, Lalani L., Yan Yuan, Noreen D. Willows, Erin L. Faught, John P. Ekwaru and Paul J. Veugelers. 2017. "Vitamin D deficiency and sufficiency among Canadian children residing at high latitude following the revision of the RDA of vitamin D intake in 2010." British Journal of Nutrition. Vol. 117, no. 3. March. pp. 457 to 465.

ParticipACTION. 2016. "Are Canadian Kids Too Tired to Move?" The 2016 ParticipACTION Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth. Vol. 16. June.

Statistics Canada's Canadian Health Measures Survey Team. 2015. "The Canadian Health Measures Survey: A Source of Nationally Representative Hearing Data." Communiqué. August.

Brenda M. Y. Leung & Chinenye Nwoke "Association between C-reactive protein and mood disorder in a representative sample of the Canadian population: analysis of CHMS data 2013–2014" Canadian Journal of Public Health. March 4, 2020

Data tables

Statistics Canada. Anthropometry measures of the household population (table). CANSIM (database).

Cycle 4 (2014 to 2015)

Health Reports articles

Colley, Rachel C., Gregory Butler, Didier Garriguet, Stephanie A. Prince and Karen C. Roberts. 2018. "Comparison of self-reported and accelerometer-measured physical activity in Canadian adults." Health Reports. Vol. 29, no. 12. December. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 13 p.

Daily Releases

Statistics Canada. 2016. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Household and physical measures data, 2014 and 2015." The Daily. October 13.

Statistics Canada 2017 "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Spirometry 2012 to 2015." The Daily. January 12.

Statistics Canada. 2017. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Tap water and urine concentration level, 2014 and 2015." The Daily. February 22.

Statistics Canada. 2017. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Activity monitor data, 2014 and 2015." The Daily. April 19.

Statistics Canada. 2017. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Medication data, 2014 and 2015." The Daily. July 6.

Statistics Canada. 2017. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Environmental laboratory data, 2014 and 2015." The Daily. August 24.

Statistics Canada. 2017. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Indoor air volatile organic compound data, 2014 and 2015." The Daily. October 31.

Statistics Canada. 2018. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Arsenic and Paraben concentrations in Canadians, 2014 and 2015." The Daily. February 22.

StatCan Blog: "Ten years of measuring physical activity – What have we learned? "November 24, 2017.

Health Reports articles

Colley, Rachel C., Gregory Butler, Didier Garriguet, Stephanie A. Prince and Karen C. Roberts. 2018. "Comparison of self-reported and accelerometer-measured physical activity in Canadian adults." Health Reports. Vol. 29, no. 12. December. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 13 p.

Health fact sheets

Statistics Canada. 2018a. "Inorganic-related arsenic concentrations in Canadians, 2014 and 2015." Health Fact Sheets. February 22. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625- X.

---. 2018b. "Parabens concentrations in Canadians, 2014 and 2015." Health Fact Sheets. February 22. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

Internal Publications

2018c. "Concentrations of selected environmental chemicals adjusted for creatinine in the Canadian population." Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-627-X.

External articles and publications

Bertinato, Jesse, Kuan Chiao Wang and Stephen Hayward. 2017. "Serum Magnesium Concentrations in the Canadian Population and Associations with Diabetes, Glycemic Regulation, and Insulin Resistance." Nutrients. Vol. 9, no. 3. March. 13 p.

Health Fact Sheets

"Sleep Apnea in Canada, 2016 and 2017." Health Fact Sheets. October 24. Statistics Canada Catalogue number 82-625-X).

"Physical activity and screen time among Canadian children and youth, 2016 and 2017" Health Fact Sheets. April 17. Statistics Canada (Catalogue number 82-625-X.

Health Reports Articles

Bushnik, Tracey; Clarke, Janine; Deguire, Jason; Rouleau, Kaitlyn; Roy, Joel. "Blood pressure and hypertension." Health Reports. Vol. 30, no. 2 (82-003-X). February 2019. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X201900200002.

Carson, V., Langlois. K., and Colley, R. "Assocations between parent and child sedentary behaviour and physical activity in early childhood". Health Reports. (82-003-X). February 2020. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003X.

Data Tables

"Distribution of household population by vision status sex and age group". Table: 13100754-01, October 2, 2019.

"Overweight and obesity based on measured body mass index, by age group and sex". Table: 13-10-0324-01, October 16, 2019, October 16, 2019

"Physical fitness measures of the household population". Table: 13-10-0324-01, October 16, 2019.

Infographics

"Obesity in Canadian Adults, 2016 and 2017." Infographics. October 24. Statistics Canada – (Catalogue number11-627-M).

"Hypertension: Prevalence and leading risk factors." Infographics. February 20. Statistics Canada – (Catalogue number11-627-M).

"Lead and bisphenol A (BPA) concentrations in the Canadian population," Infographics. November 13. (Catalogue number11-627-M).

Cycles 1 and 2 combined (2007 to 2011)

Health at a Glance articles

Clarke, Janine, Victoria Higgins and Khosrow Adeli. 2016. "Understanding your health by using reference ranges." Health at a glance. June. Statistics Canada Catalogue no.82-624-X. 6 p.

Health Reports articles

Bushnik, Tracey, Patrick Levallois, Monique D'Amour, Todd J. Anderson and Finlay A. McAlister. 2014. "Association between blood lead and blood pressure: Results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey (2007 to 2011)." Health Reports. Vol. 25, no. 7. July. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 13 p.

Findlay, Leanne and Dafna Kohen. 2015. "Bisphenol A and child and youth behaviour: Canadian Health Measures Survey 2007 to 2011." Health Reports. Vol. 26, no. 08. August. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X.

Fowles, Jonathon, Joel Roy, Janine Clarke and Shilpa Dogra. 2014. "Are the fittest Canadian adults also the healthiest?" Health Reports. Vol. 25, no. 5. May. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 8 p.

Garner, Rochelle and Patrick Levallois. 2016. "Cadmium levels and sources of exposure among Canadian adults." Health Reports. Vol. 27, no. 2. February. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 9 p.

Garriguet, Didier and Rachel C. Colley. 2014. "A comparison of self-reported leisure- time physical activity and measured moderate to vigorous physical activity in adolescents and adults." Health Reports. Vol. 25, no. 7. July. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 11 p.

Hennessy, Deirdre A., Peter Tanuseputro, Meltem Tuna, Carol Bennett, Richard Perez, Margot Shields, Dennis T. Ko, Jack Tu and Douglas G. Manuel. 2016. "Population health impact of statin treatment in Canada." Health Reports. Vol. 27, no. 1. January. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 9 p.

Larouche, Richard, Guy Faulkner and Mark S. Tremblay. 2016a. "Active travel and adults' health: The 2007-2011 Canadian Health Measures Surveys." Health Reports. Vol. 27, no. 4. April. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X.

---. 2016b. "Active travel and adults' health: Canadian Health Measures Survey 2007 to 2011." Health Reports. Vol. 27, no. 4. April. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 9 p.

Ng, Edward. 2015. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: A tool for immigrant health research?" Health Reports. Vol. 26, no. 3. March. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 9 p.

Rotermann, Michelle, Claudia Sanmartin, Deirdre Hennessy and Michele Arthur. 2014. "Prescription medication use by Candians aged 6 to 79." Health Reports. Vol. 25, no. 6. June. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 9 p.

Rotermann, Michelle, Kellie Langlois, Anton Andonov and Maxim Trubnikov. 2013. "Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C virus infections: Results from the 2007 to 2009 and 2009 to 2011 Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Reports. Vol. 24, no. 11. November. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 3 to 13.

Wong, Suzy L., Allan L. Coates and Teresa To. 2016. "Exposure to industrial air pullutant emissions and lung function in children: Canadian Health Measures Survey, 2007 to 2011."Health Reports. Vol. 27, no. 2. February. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 7 p.

The Daily releases

Statistics Canada. 2013d. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Directly measured physical activity of Canadians, 2007 to 2011." The Daily. May 30. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

Health fact sheets

---. 2013e. "Directly measured physical activity of Canadian adults, 2007 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. May 30. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2013f. "Directly measured physical activity of Canadian children and youth, 2007 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. May 30. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

External articles and publications

Adeli, Khosrow, Victoria Higgins, Michelle Nieuwesteegl, Joshua Raizman, Yungi Chen, Suzy Wong and David Blais. 2015. "Biochemical Marker Reference Values across Pediatric, Adult, and Geriatric Ages: Establishment of Robust Pediatric and Adult Reference Intervals on the Basis of the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Clinical Chemistry. Vol. 61, no. 8. August.

Adeli, Khosrow, Victoria Higgins, Michelle Nieuwesteegl, Joshua Raizman, Yungi Chen, Suzy Wong, David Blais and M. Abdelhaleem. 2015a. "Complex biological profile of hematologic markers across pediatric, adult, and geriatric ages: establishment of robust pediatric and adult reference intervals on the basis of the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Clinical Chemistry. Vol. 61, no. 8. August. pp. 1075 to 1086.

---. 2015b. "Complex reference values for endocrine and special chemistry biomarkers across pediatric, adult, and geriatric ages: establishment of robust pediatric and adult reference intervals on the basis of the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Clinical Chemistry. Vol. 61, no. 8. August. pp. 1063 to 1074.

Aranda-Rodriquez, Rocio, Ashley Cabecinha, Jeromy Harvie, Zhiyun Jin, Axelle Marchand, Robert Tardif, Andy Nong and Sami Haddad. 2015. "A method for quantification of volatile organic compounds in blood by SPME-GC-MS/MS with broader application: From non-occupational exposure population to exposure studies."Journal of Chromatography B. Vol. 992. June. pp. 76 to 85.

Ata, Nicole. 2014. "Cardiovascular disease risk factors in Canadian-born and immigrant children and youth in the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Department of Public Health Sciences, Edmonton, AB: University of Alberta.

Betancourt, Marisol T., K.C. Roberts, T-L Bennett, E.R. Driscoll and G. Jayaraman. 2014. "Monitoring Chronic Diseases in Canada: Chronic Disease Indicator Framework." Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada. Vol. 34, no. 1. February.

Billette, Jean-Michel. 2013. "Obesity in Canada: how survey data can inform public policy."

Carson, Valerie, Suzy Wong, E. Winkler, G.N. Healy, R. C. Colley and Mark S. Tremblay. 2014. "Patterns of sedentary time and cardiometabolic risk among Canadian adults." Preventative Medicine. Vol. 65, no. 23. August. pp 23 to 27.

Chao, Yi-Sheng, Hsing-Chien Wu, Chao-Jung Wu and Wei-Chih Chen. 2018. "Stages of biological development across Age: An analysis of Canadian Health Measure Survey 2007–2011." Frontiers in Public Health. Vol. 5, no. 355. January. pp. 1 to 9.

Clarke, Janine J. Roy, J. Fowles and S. Dogra. 2013. "Should qualified exercise professionals measure skinfolds when assessing health-related fitness in the general population?" Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. Vol. 38, no. 10. October. pp. 1032.

Clarke, Janine and Ian Janssen. 2013. "Is the frequency of weekly moderate-to- vigorous physical activity associated with the metabolic syndrome in Canadian adults?" Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. Vol. 38, no. 7. July. pp. 773 to 778.

Coates, Allan L., Suzy L. Wong, Christopher Tremblay and John L. Hankinson. 2016. "Reference Equations for Spirometry in the Canadian Population." Annals of the American Thoracic Society. Vol. 13, no. 6. June. pp. 833 to 841.

Coonghe, Warnakulasuriya Verginia Lalantha. 2018. "Respiratory health and occupations among Canadian adolescents and adults." School of Public Health. Edmonton, AB: University of Alberta.

Copeland, Jennifer L., Janine Clarke and Shilpa Dogra. 2015. "Objectively measured and self-reported sedentary time in older Canadians." Preventive Medicine Reports. Vol. 2. pp. 90 to 95.

Do, Minh T., Vicky C. Chang, Michelle A. Mendez and Margaret de Groh. 2017. "Urinary bisphenol A and obesity in adults: results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada: Research, Policy and Practice. Vol. 37, no. 12. December.

Dogra, Shilpa, Janine Clarke, Joel Roy and Jonathan Fowles. 2015. "BMI-specific waist circumference is better than skinfolds for health-risk determination in the general population." Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism. Vol. 40, no. 2. pp. 134 to 141.

Feder, Katya Polena, David Michaud, James McNamee, Elizabeth Fitzpatrick, Pamela Ramage-Morin and Yves Beauregards. 2017. "Prevalence of Hearing Loss Among a Representative Sample of Canadian Children and Adolescents, 3 to 19 Years of age." Ear and Hearing. Vol. 36, no. 1. January. pp. 7 to 20.

Gaston, Anca, Amy Doelman, Sarah A. Edwards and Jo Ann Tober. 2014. "The impact of parenthood on Canadians' objectively measured physical activity." BMC Public Health. Vol. 14, no. 1127. November.

Greene-Finestone, L. S., D. Garriguet, S. P. J. Brooks, K. Langlois and S. J. Whiting. 2017. "Overweight and obesity are associated with lower vitamin D status in Canadian children and adolescents." Paediatrics & Child Health. Vol. 22, no. 8. December. pp. 438 to 444.

Gunaratna, Hasantha. 2018. "Hepatitis B vaccination coverage among foreign-born Canadians: Data from the Community Health Measures Survey." Department of Community Health Sciences. Winnipeg, MB: University of Manitoba.

Hosseini, Zeinab, Susan J. Whiting and Hassan Vatanparast. 2019. "Canadians' Dietary Intake from 2007 to 2011 and across Different Sociodemographic/Lifestyle Factors Using the Canadian Health Measures Survey Cycles 1 and 2." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism. Vol. 2019. February. 80p.

Hu, Xue Feng and Hing Man Chan. 2018. "Factors associated with the blood and urinary selenium concentrations in the Canadian population: Results of the Canadian Health Measures Survey (2007-2011)." International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. Vol. 221, no. 7. August. pp. 1023 to 1031.

Jackson, B. and P. Huston. 2016 "Commentary – Advancing health equity to improve health: the time is now." Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada: Research, Policy and Practice. Vol. 36, no. 2. February. pp. 17 to 20.

Kuhle, Stefan, Bryan Maguire, Nicole Ata and David Hamilton. 2015. "Percentile curves for anthropometric measures for Canadian children and youth." PLoS ONE. Vol. 10, no. 7. pp. 1 to 16.

Kuhle, Stefan, Jillian Ashley-Martin, Bryan Maguire and David C. Hamilton. 2016. "Percentile curves for skinfold thickness for Canadian children and youth." PeerJ. Vol. 4. July. pp. 1 to 22.

Kuhle, Stefan, Nicole Ata, Bryan Maguire, Natasha MacInnis and Linda Dodds. 2017. "Birth weight for gestational age, anthropometric measures, and cardiovascular disease markers in children." Journal of Pediatrics. Vol. 182. March. pp. 99 to 106.

Langlois, É, G. Saravanabhavan G, T.E. Arbuckle and S. Giroux. 2014. "Correction and comparability of phthalate metabolite measurements of Canadian biomonitoring studies (2007-2012)." Environment International. Vol. 64. March. pp. 129 to 133.

Levallois, Patrick, Alhadji Anassour-Laouan, Sidi, Pierre Ayotte. 2018. "Exposition à l'arsenic et prevalence du diabète de type 2 dans l'Enquête canadienne sur les mesures de la santé – Rapport de recherche." Institut national de santé publique. February.

MacPherson, M., Margaret de Groh, L. Loukine, D. Prud'homme and L. Dubois. 2016. "Release notice – Strengthening the evidence base on social determinants of health: measuring everyday discrimination through a CCHS rapid response module." Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada: Research, Policy and Practice. Vol. 36, no. 2. February. p. 41.

Neil-Sztramko, Sarah E., Carolyn C. Gotay, Paul A. Demers and Kristin L. Campbell. 2016. "Physical activity, physical fitness, and body composition of Canadian shift workers: Data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey cycles 1 and 2." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Vol. 58, no. 1. January. pp. 94 to 100.

Ngueta, Gerard. 2016. "Assessing the influence of age and ethnicity on the association between iron status and blood lead concentration in blood: Results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey (2007-2011)." Biological Trace Element Research. Vol. 171, no. 2. pp. 301 to 307.

Ngueta, Gerard and André Pascal Kengne. 2017. "Low-Level environmental lead exposure and dysglycemia in adult individuals: Results from the Canadian Health and Measure Survey 2007–2011." Biological Trace Element Research. Vol. 175, no. 2. February. pp. 278 to 286.

Nguyen, Hai V. and Paul Grootendorst. 2014. "Does the child fitness tax credit make children more active?"

Perks, Thomas Alexander. 2015. "Obesity and its relation to employment income: Does the bias in self-reported BMI matter?" Canadian Studies in Population. Vol. 42, no. 3-4. pp. 39 to 48.

Proceedings of the Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology Annual General Meeting. 2013. "Extreme Human Physiology: From Pathology to Performance." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. October

Public Health Agency of Canada. 2016. "Other PHAC publications." Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada: Research, Policy and Practice. Vol. 36, no. 2. February. pp. 42.

Rao, Deepa Prema. 2016. "Metabolic syndrome and chronic disease in Canada: The role of material, psychosocial, and behavioural factors."

Department of Population Health. Ottawa, ON: University of Ottawa.

Rao, Deepa P., Heather Orpana and Daniel Krewski. 2016. "Physical activity and non- movement behaviours: Their independent and combined associations with metabolic syndrome." International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. Vol. 13, no. 26. pp. 1 to 11.

Rodd, Celia, Allison Feely, Allison Dart, Atul Sharma and Jon McGavock. 2018. "Biological and socioeconomic determinants of prediabetes in youth: An analysis using 2007 to 2011 Canadian Health Measures Surveys." Pediatric Research. Vol. 84, no. 2. pp. 248 to 253.

Rowe, Ashley. 2015. "The relationship between body composition and lung function, and the effect of physical fitness." Department of Epidemiology. Halifax, NS: Dalhousie University.

Rowe, Ashley, P. Hernandez, S. Kuhle and S. Kirkland. 2017. "The association between anthropometric measures and lung function in a population-based study of Canadian adults." Respiratory Medicine. Vol. 131. October. pp. 199 to 204.

Roy, J., J. Clarke, S. Dogra and J. Fowles. 2013. "The health of Canadian adults across fitness categories." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. Vol. 38, no. 10. October. p. 1074.

Sarafin, Kurtis, Ramón Durazo-Arvizu, Lu Tian, Karen W. Phinney, Susan Tai, Johanna E. Camara, Joyce Merkel, Evan Green, Christopher T. Sempos and Stephen P. J. Brooks. 2015. "Standardizing 25-hydroxyvitamin D values from the Canadian Health Measures Survey." The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Vol. 102, no. 5. November. pp. 1044 to 1050.

Shi, Y., Margaret de Groh and C. Bancej. 2016. "Socioeconomic gradients in cardiovascular risk in Canadian children and adolescents." Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada: Research, Policy and Practice. Vol. 36, no. 2. February. pp. 21 to 31.

St-Amand, A., K. Werry, L. Aylward, S. Hayes and A. Nong. 2014. "Screening of population level biomonitoring data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey in a risk-based context." Toxicology Letters. Vol. 232, no. 2. December. pp. 126-134.

Thielman, Justin, Heather Manson, Maria Chiu, Ray Copes and Laura C. Rosella. 2016. "Residents of highly walkable neighbourhoods in Canadian urban areas do substantially more physical activity: A cross-sectional analysis." Canadian Medical Association Journal (CMAJ) Open. Vol. 4, no. 4. pp. E720 to E728.

Cycles 1 and 3 combined (2007 to 2009, 2012 to 2013)

External articles and publications

Hu, Xue Feng, Kavita Singh, Tiff-Annie Kenny and Hing Man Chan. 2019. "Prevalence of heart attack and stroke and associated risk factors among Inuit in Canada: A comparison with the general Canadian population." International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. Vol. 222, no. 2. March. pp. 319 to 326.

Munasinghe, Lalani L., Noreen D. Willows, Yan Yuan, John Paul Ekwaru and Paul J. Veugelers. 2017. "Vitamin D sufficiency of Canadian children did not improve following the 2010 revision of the dietary guidelines that recommended higher intake of vitamin D: An analysis of the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Nutrients. Vol. 9, no. 9. August. pp. 1 to 11.

Cycles 1, 2 and 3 combined (2007 to 2013)

Health Reports articles

Bushnik, Tracey, Didier Garriguet and Rachel Colley. 2017. "Parent-Child association in body weight status." Health Reports. Vol. 28, no. 6. June. Statistics Canada catalogue no. 82-003X.

Garriguet, Didier. 2016. "Using a Betabinomial distribution to estimate the prevalence of adherence to physical activity guidelines among children and youth." Health Reports. Vol. 27, no. 4. April. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 7 p.

Garriguet, Didier, Tracey Bushnik and Rachel Colley. 2017. "Parent-Child association in physical activity and sedentary behaviour." Health Reports. Vol. 28, no. 6. June. Statistics Canada catalogue no. 82-003X.

Thomson, Errol, Harun Kalayci and Mike Walker. 2019. "Cumulative toll of exposure to stressors in Canada: An allostatic load profile." Health Reports. Vol. 30, no. 6. June. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 14-21.

Wong, Suzy. 2016a. "Grip strength reference values for Canadians aged 6 to 79: Canadian Health Measures Survey, 2007 to 2013." Health Reports. Vol. 27, no. 10. October. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 8 p.

---. 2016b. "Reduced muscular strength among Canadians aged 60 to 79: Canadian Health Measures Survey, 2007 to 2013." Health Reports. Vol. 27, no.10. October. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 7 p.

External articles and publications

Ashley-Martin, Jillian, Regina Ensenauer, Bryan Maguire and Stefan Kuhle. 2019. "Predicting cardiometabolic markers in children using tri-ponderal mass index: a cross- sectional study." Archives of Disease in Childhood. Vol. 103, no. 6.

Ata, Nicole, Bryan Maguire, David C. Hamilton and Stefan Kuhle. 2018. "Percentile curves for cardiometabolic disease markers in Canadian children and youth: a cross- sectional study." BMC Pediatrics. Vol. 18, no. 1. September. pp. 1 to 11.

Bernard, Paquito, G. Hains-Monfette, S. Atoui and C. Kingsbury. 2018. "Differences in daily objective physical activity and sedentary time between women with self-reported fibromyalgia and controls: Results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Clinical Rheumatology. Vol. 37, no. 8. August. pp. 2285 to 2290.

Bernard, Paquito, G. Hains-Monfette, S. Atoui and G. Moullec. 2018. "Daily objective physical activity and sedentary time in adults with COPD using spirometry data from Canadian Measures Health Survey." Canadian Respiratory Journal. Vol. 2018. December. pp. 1 to 9.

Bernard, Paquito, Isabelle Doré, Ahmed-Jérôme Romain, Gabriel Hains-Monfette, Celia Kingsbury and Catherine Sabiston. 2018. "Dose response association of objective physical activity with mental health in a representative national sample of adults: A cross-sectional study." PLoS ONE. Vol. 13, no. 10. October. pp. 1 to 16.

Carson, Valerie, Jean-Philippe Chaput, Ian Janssen and Mark S. Tremblay. 2017. "Health associations with meeting new 24-hour movement guidelines for Canadian children and youth," Preventive Medicine. Vol 95. February. pp. 7 to 13.

Carson, Valerie, Mark S. Tremblay, Jean-Philippe Chaput and Sebastien F. M Chastin. 2016. "Associations between sleep duration, sedentary time, physical activity, and health indicators among Canadian children and youth using compositional analyses." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. Vol. 41, no. 6. June. pp. S294 to S302.

Chao, Yi-Sheng, Chao-Jung Wu, Hsing-Chien Wu and Wei-Chih Chen. 2018. "Principal component approximation and interpretation in health survey and biobank data." Frontiers in Digital Humanities. Vol. 5, no. 11.

Chu, Filmer, Arto Ohinmaa, Scott Klarenbach, Zing-Wae Wong and Paul Veugeler. 2017. "Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and indicators of mental health: An analysis of the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Nutrients. Vol. 9, no. 10. October. pp. 1116 to 1123.

Garner, Rochelle and Patrick Levallois. 2017 "Associations between cadmium levels in blood and urine, blood pressure and hypertension among Canadian adults." Environmental Research. Vol. 155. May. pp. 64 to 72.

Gibson, Deborah. 2015. "Nutrition Biomarkers, Cycle 1 – Canadian Health measures Survey – Food and Nutrition Surveilance – Health Canada." Health Canada.

Gravel, Sabrina, Jérôme Lavoué and France Labrèche. 2017. "Industry, occupation and sex differences in workers' exposure to endocrine disrupting metals in an American and a Canadian survey." Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Vol. 74, no. 1, pp. A129.

Hains-Monfette, Gabriel, Sarah Atoui, Kelsey Dancause and Paquito Bernard. 2018. "Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behaviors in a representative sample of Canadian adults with chronic disease(s): a cross-sectional study." Department of Physical Activity Sciences. Montréal, Québec: Université du Québec à Montréal.

Hajna, Samantha, Nancy A. Ross and Kaberi Dasgupta. 2018. "Steps, moderate-to- vigorous physical activity, and cardiometabolic profiles." Preventive Medicine. Vol. 107. February. pp. 69 to 74.

Harris, Anne, Trevor Van Ingen, Joanne Kim and Paul Demers. 2015. "Using the CHMS to explore the health effects of shift work."

Haywood, Nicole. 2018. "Physical activity, sedentary time, sleep duration, and self-rated health in older adults: A compositional analysis." Department of Public Health Sciences. Kingston, ON: Queen's University.

Hirsch, Lauren Elizabeth. 2016. "Second-generation antipsychotics and metabolic side effects in the Canadian population." Calgary, AB: University of Calgary.

Hirsch, Lauren, Scott B. Patten, Lauren Bresee, Nathalie Jetté and Tamara Pringsheim. 2018. "Second-generation antipsychotics and metabolic side-effects: Canadian population-based study." BJPsych Open. Vol. 4, no. 4. July. pp. 256 to 261.

Kehler, Dustin Scott, Thomas Ferguson, Andrew N. Stammers, Clara Bohm, Rakesh C.

Arora, Todd A. Duhamel and Navdeep Tangri. 2017. "Prevalence of frailty in Canadians 18-79 years old in the Canadian Health Measures Survey." BMC Geriatrics. Vol. 17, no. 28. pp. 1 to 8.

Khanam, Ulfat Ara. 2018. "Are dietary factors associated with lung function in Canadian adults?" Community Health and Epidemiology. Saskatoon, SK: University of Saskatchewan.

Kim, G.J., Christopher Newth, Allan Coates, Patrick Ross and Suzy Wong. 2018. "Does Size Matter When Calculating the "Correct" Tidal Volume for Pediatric Mechanical Ventilation?: A Hypothesis Based on FVC." Chest. Vol. 154, no.1. July. pp. 77 to 83.

Lamontagne, Patricia and Denis Hamel. 2016. "Surveillance du statut pondéral mesuré chez les jeunes du Québec : état de situation jusqu'en 2013." Institut national de santé publique du Québec (INSPQ).

Leung, Alexander A., Hsiu-Ju Chang, Finlay A. McAlister, Nadia A. Khan, Doreen M. Rabi, Hude Quan and Raj S. Padwal. 2018. "Applicability of the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) to the Canadian population." Canadian Journal of Cardiology. Vol. 34, no. 5. May. pp. 670 to 675.

Maguire, Bryan. 2016. "Comparison of methods for growth chart construction in the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Halifax, NS: Dalhousie University.

Mudryj, Adriana N., Margaret de Groh, Harold M. Aukema and Nancy Yu. 2016. "Folate intakes from diet and supplements may place certain Canadians at risk for folic acid toxicity." British Journal of Nutrition. Vol. 116, no. 7. pp. 1236 to 1245.

Qureshi, Hena. 2017. "The economic impact of dietary sodium reduction in Canada." Cumming School of Medicine. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary.

Salami, Bukola, Maryna Yaskina, Kathleen Hegadoren, Esperanza Diaz, Salima Meherali, Anu Rammohan and Yoav Ben-Shlomo. 2017. "Migration and social determinants of mental health: Results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Canadian Journal of Public Health. Vol. 108, no. 4. July. pp. e362-e357.

Thielman, Justin, Daniel Harrington, Laura Rosella and Heather Manson. 2018. "Prevalence of age-specific and sex-specific overweight and obesity in Ontario and Quebec, Canada: a cross-sectional study using direct measures of height and weight." BMJ Open. Vol. 8, no. 9. pp. 1 to 8.

Cycles 2 and 3 combined (2009 to 2013)

Health Reports articles

Garriguet, Didier, Valerie Carson, Rachel C. Colley, Ian Janssen, Brian W. Timmons and Mark S. Tremblay. 2016. "Physical activity and sedentary behaviour of Canadian children aged 3 to 5." Health Reports. Vol. 27, no. 9. September. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 10 p.

External articles and publications

Barberio, Amanda M. 2016. "A Canadian population-based study of the relationship between fluoride exposure and indicators of cognitive and thyroid functioning; Implications for community water fluoridation." Calgary, AB: University of Calgary.

Barberio, Amanda M., Carlos Quiñonez, F. Shaun Hosein and Lindsay McLaren. 2017. "Fluoride exposure and reported learning disability diagnosis among Canadian children: Implications for community water fluoridation." Canadian Journal of Public Health. Vol. 108, no. 3. pp. e229 to e239.

Barberio, Amanda M., F. Shaun Hosein, Carlos Quiñonez and Lindsay McLaren. 2017. "Fluoride exposure and indicators of thyroid functioning in the Canadian population: Implications for community water fluoridation." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. Vol. 71, no. 10. pp. 1019 to 1025.

Carson, Valerie, Mark S. Tremblay and Sebastien F. M. Chastin. 2017. "Cross-sectional associations between sleep duration, sedentary time, physical activity and adiposity indicators among Canadian preschool children using compositional analyses." BMC Public Health. Vol. 17, no. 5. November. pp. 123 to 121.

Dales, Robert E., Sabit Cakmak, Chris Hebbern and Jasmine D. Cakmak. 2017. "The influence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on lung function in a representative sample of the Canadian population." Environmental Pollution. Vol. 228. September. pp. 1 to 7.

Juric, Amanda, Kavita Singh, Xue Feng Hu and Hing Man Chan. 2019. "Exposure to triclosan among the Canadian population: Results of the Canadian Health Measures Survey (2009–2013)." Environment International. Vol. 120. pp. 29 to 38.

Rodd, Celia and Atul K. Sharma. 2016. "Recent trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Canadian children." Canadian Medical Association Journal (CMAJ). Vol. 188, no. 13. September. pp. E313 to E320.

Rodd, Celia and Atulm K. Sharma. 2017. "Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Canadian children, 2004 to 2013: Impact of socioeconomic determinants." Paediatrics and Child Health. Vol. 22, no. 3. June. pp. 153 to 158.

Data table

Distribution of household population by infection marker
Statistics Canada. Table: 13-10-0335-01 (formerly: CANSIM 117-0017). Release date: 2018-07-10

Cycles 2, 3 and 4 combined (2009 to 2015)

Data tables

Distribution of the household population by musculoskeletal fitness classification, inactive Table: 13-10-0325-01(formerly CANSIM 117-0007), Archived, Statistics Canada

Lung capacity measures of the household population. Table: 13-10-0328-01 (formerly: CANSIM 117-0010). Release date: 2018-07-10, Statistics Canada

Cycles 3 and 4 combined (2012 to 2015)

Health Reports articles

DeGuire, Jason, Janine Clarke, Kaitlyn Rouleau, Joel Roy and Tracey Bushnik. 2019. "Blood Pressure and Hypertension in Canada." Health Reports. Vol. 30, no. 2. February. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 8 p.

Ramage-Morin, Pamela L and Marc Gosselin. 2016. "Canadians vulnerable to workplace noise." Health Reports. Vol. 29, no. 8. August. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X.

Ramage-Morin, Pamela L., Rex Banks, Dany Pineault and Maha Atrach. 2019. "Tinnitus in Canada." Health Reports. Vol. 30, no. 3. March. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 9 p.

The Daily

Statistics Canada. "Canadian Health Measures Survey:  Selected Laboratory data 2012 to 2015." December 9. 2016, Statistics Canada

Statistics Canada. "Canadian Health Measures Survey:  Spirometry data 2012 to 2015." January 12, 2017, Statistics Canada

Health fact sheets

Statistics Canada. 2016a. "Blood pressure of adults, 2012 to 2015." Health Fact Sheets. October 13. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2016b. "Blood pressure of children and youth, 2012 to 2015." Health Fact Sheets. October 13. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2016c. "Hearing loss of Canadians, 2012 to 2015." Health Fact Sheets. October 13. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2017. "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease under-diagnosed in Canadian adults: Results from cycles 3 and 4 (2012 to 2015) of the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Fact Sheets. January 12. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

External articles and publications

Feder, Katya, David Michaud, James McNamee, Leonora Marro and Elizabeth Fitzpatrick. 2017 "Prevalence of hazardous leisure noise exposure, hearing loss and hearing protection usage among a representative sample of Canadians, aged 6 to 79." Plos One Journal. Vol. 59, no. 1. January.

Statler, Julie. 2018. "Exploring the influence of childcare enrollment on physical activity and sedentary time of a nationally representative sample of Canadian preschoolers." Health and Rehabilitation Sciences. London, ON: University of Western Ontario.

Cycles 1, 2, 3 and 4 combined (2007 to 2015)

Health Reports articles

Bushnik, Tracey, Deirdre Hennessy, Finlay A. McAlister and Douglas G. Manuel. 2018. "Factors associated with hypertension control among older Canadians." Health Reports. Vol. 29, no. 6. June. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 8 p.

Leung, Alexander A., Bushnik, Tracey, Deirdre Hennessy, Finlay A. McAlister, Alexander A. Leung and Douglas G. Manuel. 2019. "Risk Factors for Hypertension in Canada." Health Reports. Vol. 30, no. 2. February. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 11 p.

Michaud, Isabelle, Jean-Philippe Chaput and Suzy Wong. 2017. "Duration and quality of sleep among Canadians aged 18 to 79." Health Reports. Vol. 28, no. 9. September. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X.

External articles and publications

Chao, Yi-Sheng, Chao-Jung Wu, Hsing-Chien Wu and Wei-Chih Chen. 2018. "Trend analysis for national surveys: Application to all variables from the Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 to 4." PLoS ONE. Vol. 13, no. 8. August. pp. 1 to 15.