Extracting Temporal Trends from Satellite Images

By: Kenneth Chu, Statistics Canada

The Data Science Division of Statistics Canada recently completed a number of research projects to evaluate the effectiveness of a statistical technique called functional principal component analysis (FPCA) as a feature engineering method in order to extract temporal trends from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite time series data.

These projects were conducted in collaboration with the Agriculture Division and the Energy and Environment Statistics Division of Statistics Canada, as well as the National Wildlife Research Centre (NWRC) of Environment and Climate Change Canada. These projects used Sentinel-1 data. Sentinel-1 is a radar satellite constellation of the European Space Agency’s Copernicus program. It collects SAR imagery data that captures information about Earth’s surface structures of the imaged area. Sentinel-1 provides global year-round coverage under all weather conditions of the imaged area. The data are unaffected by day and night, have high spatial resolution (approximately 10m x 10m) and a fixed data capture frequency of one data captured every 12 days, for each imaged area. Consequently, Sentinel-1 data are highly suitable for scientific studies as the Earth’s surface structures hold important information.

Our results suggest that FPCA could be a very effective tool to numerically extract seasonal temporal trends captured in a Sentinel-1 image time series, in a large-scale and high-granular fashion. This article gives a summary of the FPCA-based method and its feature extraction results from Sentinel-1 seasonal time series data.

Motivation

I will focus on one of the study areas of research, namely the Bay of Quinte area in Ontario, located near Belleville. The objective of this project is to give a more accurate wetland classification. The following is an optical satellite image (rather than a radar satellite image) of the Bay of Quinte area, downloaded from Google Maps.

Figure 1: Optimal satellite image of Bay of Quinte, Ontario. Downloaded from Google Maps. — Description - Figure 1

Optimal satellite image of Bay of Quinte, Ontario, located in the center at the top of the image. The rest shows a generally rural sprawl of the surrounding area and includes several townships and the highways that connect them. The townships pictured include (clockwise from the top left): Rossmore, Fenwood Gardens, Mountain View, Crofton, Elmbrook, Picton, Gilbert Mills, Huff’s Corners, Bowermans and Allisonville.

In Figure 1, note the large body of water at the top-centre of the image and the rectangular agricultural fields. Also note the island near the top-centre and the waterway that separates it from the mainland.

Next, examine Figure 2, which is a land cover map of the Bay of Quinte area.

Figure 2: Land cover map of Bay of Quinte, ON. — Description - Figure 2

Land cover map of Bay of Quinte, ON, from 2019 RADARSAT-2 time series data. The colours indicate different land cover types. The Bay of Quinte is blue, indicating water and is mostly at the top centre of the image. The outline of the Bay of Quinte is in Cyan, which denotes marsh area, and includes a few pink spots within it, indicating shallow water. The surrounding land area is mainly red, which denotes forest area, and two semi large spots in the lower centre of the image are green, highlighting a swamp area.

Figure 3 is a red, green, blue (RGB) rendering of the first three functional principal component (FPC) scores computed from 2019 Sentinel-1 time series data for the Bay of Quinte area. Note the remarkable granularity and the high-concordance level with the land cover map in Figure 2.

Figure 3: RGB rendering of the first three FPC scores computed from 2019 Sentinel-1 time series data for the Bay of Quinte area. — Description - Figure 3

Land cover map of Bay of Quinte. The colours indicate different land cover types. The Bay of Quinte is blue, indicating water. The outline of the Bay of Quinte is pink, and the surrounding land area is mainly orange. This image is similar to the rendering from Figure 2.

The land cover map in Figure 2 was created from RADARSAT-2 (one of Canadian Space Agency’s SAR Earth Observation satellites) time series data from 2019, using the methodology described in Banks et al. (2019). It’s well corroborated with ground truth collected via field observations. A notable observation here is that the waterway separating the island in the top-centre of the image and the mainland, in fact contains two types of wetland – marsh in cyan and shallow water in pink. These two wetland types are not easily distinguishable in Figure 1. The article reported that SAR seasonal time series data contain sufficient information f or wetland classification, but the methodology described involved a high degree of manual decision-making informed by expert knowledge (e.g., data captures for which dates or statistics to use, etc.). It was labour-intensive and it wasn’t clear on how to automate that methodology and scale it to a regional, provincial or pan-Canada scale.

The motivation behind the Bay of Quinte project was to seek an automatable and effective methodology for numerically extracting temporal trends from seasonal SAR time series data in order to facilitate downstream land cover classification tasks.

Main results: Visualization of FPCA-based extracted features

FPCA has the potential to be a powerful methodology for extracting dominant trends from a collection of time series (Wang et al. 2016). Therefore, we carried out a feasibility study on the use of FPCA as a feature extraction technique for the pixel-level SAR seasonal time series data. The resulting features are FPC scores, at the pixel-level. Our preliminary results suggest that the FPCA-based methodology could be remarkably effective. Figure 3 is the RGB rendering of the first three FPC scores (first FPC score is the red channel, second FPC score is green, third FPC score is blue (Wikipedia 2022); computed from the 2019 Sentinel-1 time series data for Bay of Quinte. Note the remarkable granularity of Figure 3 and its high level of concordance with Figure 2. This strongly suggests that these FPCA-based extracted features may significantly facilitate downstream land cover classification tasks. The rest of this article will explain how Figure 3 was generated from Sentinel-1 time series data.

Overview of FPCA-based feature extraction procedure

A quick overview of the procedure is as follows:

A subset of locations/pixels were carefully and strategically selected from the Bay of Quinte study area.
Their respective Sentinel-1 time series were used to train an FPCA-based feature extraction engine.
The trained FPCA-based feature extraction engine was then applied to the Sentinel-1 time series of each location/pixel of the entire Bay of Quinte area. The output of each time series is an ordered sequence of numbers called FPC scores for the corresponding location/pixel. The order of these scores is in descending order of variability explained by their corresponding FPC.
Figure 3 above is the RGB rendering of the first three FPC scores of the 2019 Sentinel-1 time series data.

The training data

The collection of training data (from the locations/pixels from the Bay of Quinte area) were carefully and strategically chosen to contain specific properties.

The training locations were distributed throughout the Bay of Quinte study area.
The land cover types were known based on prior field observations.
There were six land cover types represented in the training collection: water, shallow water, marsh, swamp, forest, and agriculture land.
The training collection were well-balanced across land cover types as each land cover type contained exactly 1000 locations/pixels (except for shallow water, which had 518).
The six land cover types represented in the training collection are comprehensive as every location/pixel in the Bay of Quinte study area are covered by one of these six land cover types.

The Sentinel-1 data have two polarizations – vertical transmit and vertical receive (VV), and vertical transmit and horizontal receive (VH). These two polarizations can be regarded as two observed variables measured by the Sentinel-1 satellites.

Different Earth surface structures are detected with different sensitivities in polarizations. For example, rough surface scattering, such as those caused by bare soil or water, is most easily detected in the VV polarization. On the other hand, volume scattering, commonly caused by leaves and branches in a forest canopy, is most easily detected in VH and HV polarizations. Finally, a type of scattering called double bounce, commonly caused by buildings, tree trunks, or inundated vegetation, is most easily detected in the HH polarization (NASA 2022). For the rest of this article, we will focus on VV polarization.

Sentinel-1 VV time series data of the training locations and corresponding ribbon plots for easy temporal trend visualization. — Description - Figure 4

Each panel corresponds to one of the six wetland types for 2017, 2018 and 2019 – marsh, swamp, water, forest, agriculture and shallow water. Each panel contains 1000 training time series, corresponding to 1000 distinct training locations, except for the bottom panel, which has only 518 time series. The horizontal axis shows the observation dates. They are 12 days apart, except the occasional gaps. The following four points are observed for the 2017, 2018 and 2019 time series data:

Observation 1: The collection of observation dates can change from year to year, and so can the gaps.

Observation 2: Water and Shallow water on average have lower values than the rest of the wetland types.

Observation 3: From the Shallow Water ribbon plot, one sees that Shallow Water shows a distinct trend, starting low early in the growing season and then peaking in late August.

Observation 4: From the Marsh ribbon plot, one sees that Marsh exhibits roughly the opposite trend as the Shallow Water, namely starting high and then coming down later in the season.

Functional principal component analysis

We give a conceptual explanation of FPCA via a comparison to the familiar ordinary principal component analysis (OPCA).

The OPCA is:

Suppose a finite set $D = {x_{1}, x_{2}, \dots, x_{n}} \subset ℝ^{d}$ (of data points) is given.
Find $d$ orthogonal directions, more precisely, one-dimensional subspaces in $ℝ^{d}$ along which $D$ exhibits the most variability, the second most, the third most, and so on. Here, orthogonality is defined via the standard inner product (dot product) on $ℝ^{d}$ . For each orthogonal one-dimensional subspace, choose a unit vector within that subspace. The resulting $d$ mutually orthogonal unit vectors are the ordinary principal components, and they form an orthonormal basis for $ℝ^{d}$ .
Rewrite each $x_{i}, i = 1, 2, \dots, n$ , in terms of the ordinary principal components. The coefficients of this linear combination are the ordinary principal component scores of $x_{i}$ with respect to the ordinary principal components.

How does FPCA (more precisely, the particular flavour of FPCA we used) differ from OPCA ?

The finite-dimensional vector space $ℝ^{d}$ is replaced with a (possibly infinite-dimensional) sub-space $F$ of the $L^{2}$ -integrable functions defined on a certain (time) interval $[a, b]$ .
The standard inner product on $ℝ^{d}$ is replaced with the $L^{2}$ inner product $⟨ \cdot, \cdot ⟩$ on F, i.e., for $f, g \in F \subset L^{2} [a, b]$ , $⟨ f, g ⟩ : = \int_{a}^{b} f (z) g (z) d z$

Why can FPCA capture temporal trends ?

This is because the “geometry” of the interval $[a, b]$ is incorporated in the very definition of the $L^{2}$ inner product. More concretely put, the integration process of functions over $[a, b]$ incorporates information about the ordering and distance between every pair of time points.
This “awareness” of the geometry of the interval $[a, b]$ in turn allows the $L^{2}$ inner product to capture information about temporal trends.

General procedure to apply FPCA to time series data

Suppose a finite set $D$ of $n$ observed time series is defined on a common set of time points within a certain time interval $[a, b]$ (e.g., within the growing season of a certain calendar year), where $a$ and $b$ are respectively the initial and final common timepoints.
Interpolate each given time series in $D$ to obtain a function defined on $[a, b]$ . This yields a finite set $B (D)$ of $n$ functions defined on the common interval $[a, b]$ , each of which is an interpolation of one of the original observed time series in $D$ .
Note: B-splines are a common choice of interpolation techniques for this purpose (Schumaker, 2022).
Compute the global mean function and an ordered sequence of functional principal components for the collection $B (D)$ of functions (interpolations of time series in $D$ as a whole. Note that each FPC is itself a function defined on $[a, b]$ 2016).

Then, for each function in $B (D)$ , express it as a linear combination of the FPC. The coefficients of this linear combination are the FPC scores of the given function with respect to the FPC.

Consequently, the functions in $B (D)$ , the FPC, and the FPC scores can be organized as follows:

$\begin{array}{ccccccccccccc} {(\begin{array}{c} interpolation \\ of a given \\ time series \end{array})}_{1} & \approx & (\begin{array}{c} global \\ mean \\ function \end{array}) & + & {score}_{11} & \cdot & {(\begin{array}{c} functional \\ principal \\ component \end{array})}_{1} & + & {score}_{12} & \cdot & {(\begin{array}{c} functional \\ principal \\ component \end{array})}_{2} & + & \dots \\ {(\begin{array}{c} interpolation \\ of a given \\ time series \end{array})}_{2} & \approx & (\begin{array}{c} global \\ mean \\ function \end{array}) & + & {score}_{21} & \cdot & {(\begin{array}{c} functional \\ principal \\ component \end{array})}_{1} & + & {score}_{22} & \cdot & {(\begin{array}{c} functional \\ principal \\ component \end{array})}_{2} & + & \dots \\ ⋮ & ⋮ & ⋮ & ⋮ & ⋮ \\ {(\begin{array}{c} interpolation \\ of a given \\ time series \end{array})}_{n} & \approx & (\begin{array}{c} global \\ mean \\ function \end{array}) & + & {score}_{n 1} & \cdot & {(\begin{array}{c} functional \\ principal \\ component \end{array})}_{1} & + & {score}_{n 2} & \cdot & {(\begin{array}{c} functional \\ principal \\ component \end{array})}_{2} & + & \dots \end{array}$

As more FPCs are included, the approximations above should increase in accuracy.

We consider the global mean function and the ordered sequence of FPCs to be what has been learned from the functions in $B (D)$ using the FPCA machinery.
Lastly, note that once the global mean function and the FPCs of $B (D)$ have been computed ( or “learned”), they can be used to compute scores for new functions defined on $[a, b]$ , in particular for interpolations of new time series. It is this observation that enables the FPCA machinery to be used as a feature engineering technique.

FPCA-based feature extraction workflow

We explain how the FPC scores that underlie Figure 3 were computed in the Bay of Quinte project.

As described earlier, a collection $T$ of “training” locations/pixels from the Bay of Quinte study area were meticulously chosen, as described earlier.
The 2017, 2018, 2019 Sentinel-1 time series data were extracted for each training location/pixel in $T$ . We denote the resulting collection of time series by $D$ .
Each time series in $D$ was interpolated using B-splines. We denote the resulting collection of functions by $B (D)$ .
The global mean function and the set of functional principal components were computed (“learned”) from $B (D)$ using the FPCA machinery. This FPCA machinery has been implemented in the form of the R package fpcFeatures (currently, only for internal use at NWRC and Statistics Canada).
The 2017 Sentinel-1 time series for each of the non-training location/pixel from the Bay of Quinte study area was interpolated with B-splines. For each of the resulting B-spline interpolations, the FPC scores with respect to the learned functional principal components were computed. Similarly for the 2018 and 2019 non-training Sentinel-1 time series.
The resulting FPC scores are regarded as the extracted features for each location/pixel. These extracted features may be used for downstream analytical or processing tasks, such as visualization (such as RGB rendering), land cover classification, land use change detection, etc.

This FPCA-based feature extraction workflow is illustrated in Figure 5.

Schematic of FPCA-based feature extraction workflow. — Description - Figure 5

FPC Features diagram begins with a square for New Time Series Data that feeds into the R package, which contains FPC 1, FPC 2, etc. A square for Training Time Series Data also feeds up to the R package. From there, the R package points to the next step which is are the Features or FPC Score. And from there extracted features are generated, which can be used in downstream processing or analytical tasks, e.g., visualization via RGB rendering, land use classification, land use change Detection.

The computed functional principal components

If you recall, the so-called “trained FPCA-based feature extraction engine” is really just the global mean function and the ordered sequence of FPCs (functions defined on a common time interval) computed from the training data. Figure 6 displays the first seven FPCs computed from the 2017, 2018 and 2019 training Sentinel-1 VV time series data from the Bay of Quinte study area.

Figure 6: Graphical representations of the first seven functional principal components as functions of time. — Description - Figure 6

Seven FPC line graphs computed from the 2017, 2018 and 2019 training Sentinel-1 time series data. In each panel, the horizontal axis represents the “date index,” where 1 refers to New Year’s Day, 2 refers to January 2, and so on. The vertical axis represents the value of the respective FPC scores. FPC 1 – Variability captured = 85.044%; FPC 2 – Variability captured = 7.175%; FPC 3 – Variability captured = 2.229%; FPC 4 – Variability captured = 1.677%; FPC 5 – Variability captured = 1.407%; FPC 6 – Variability captured = 1.162%; FPC 7 – Variability captured = 0.917%. A further explanation is below.

These are graphical representations of the first seven FPCs as functions of time. The $k^{t h}$ (counting from top) panel visualizes the $k^{t h}$ FPC. Recall that each FPC is, first and foremost, a (continuous) function of time, viewed as a vector $u_{k} \in F$ in a certain vector space $F$ of ( $L^{2}$ -integrable) functions defined on a certain time interval.

In each panel, the grey curve indicates the mean curve of the spline interpolations of all the VV time series (across all training locations and across years 2017, 2018 and 2019). The FPC turn out to be eigen vectors of a certain linear map (related to the “vari ance” of the training data set) from $F$ to itself (Wang et al. 2016). In each panel, the orange curve is the function obtained by adding to the mean curve (in gray) the scalar multiple $\sqrt λ_{k} \cdot u_{k}$ of the $k^{t h}$ functional principal component $u_{k}$ , where $λ_{k} \geq 0$ is the eigenvalue corresponding to $u_{k}$ . The blue curve is obtained by subtracting the same multiple of $u_{k}$ from the mean curve. Note as well that the first principal component explains about 85.04% of the variability in the training data (VV time series), the second component explains about 7.18%, and so on.

Next, note that the first functional principal component resembles a horizontal line (orange curve in top panel); it captures the most dominant feature in the training time series, which turns out to be the large near-constant difference in VV values between the Water/Shallow Water time series and those of the rest of the (non-water) land cover types. This large near-constant difference is clearly observable in the line and ribbon plots in Figures 4, 5, and 6.

Lastly, note that the second functional principal component (orange curve in second panel) has an early-season trough and a late-season peak, which captures the Shallow Water trend, as observable in the Shallow Water ribbon plots in Figures 4, 5, and 6.

The first two FPC scores of the training data

We show here the scatter plots of the first FPC score against the second for the training data. Note the well separation of the water and shallow water training locations from those of the other land cover types, and note the consistency across years of this well separation.

Figure 7: 2017 FPC scores - training — Description - Figure 7

Scatter plots of the first FPC score against the second for the 2017, 2018 and 2019 training time series data. The FPC scores are regarded as the extracted features. Each data point in this plot corresponds to a training location, with its colour indicating its wetland type. The horizontal and vertical axes correspond respectively to the first and second FPC scores derived from the VV time series. We emphasize that, while each plot shows only the scores of their corresponding training time series year, the FPC scores were computed simultaneously for all VV time series across all years and all wetland types.

The data points are partially clustered by wetland type; in particular, the water and shallow water separate very well from the rest of the wetland types. The horizontal (which is the dimension corresponding to the first FPC) separation between water/shallow water from the rest. This is a manifestation of the large vertical difference between water/shallow water and the rest of the non-water wetland types in terms of the original VV values (refer to figures 4). The first FPC captures this large vertical difference consistent throughout the growing season, and this explains why the first FPC resembles a flat line (orange curve that would appear in the top panel of Figure 6).

Also recalling that the second FPC has a trend that resembles that of the shallow water (as noted in the ribbon plots in the bottom panels of figure 4 against the orange curve in the second panel in Figure 6). Recall also that the marsh roughly exhibits the opposite trend (as noted in the top panel of figures 4 against the blue curve in the second panel in Figure 6). The second FPC captures the trend exhibited by shallow water, and accordingly, in this scatter plot is the shallow water training locations (red) that extend significantly in the positive vertical direction. Conversely, since the marsh exhibits roughly the opposite trend, the marsh training locations (black) extend significantly downward in the present scatter plot.

Figure 7: 2018 FPC scores - training — Description - Figure 7

Scatter plots of the first FPC score against the second for the 2017, 2018 and 2019 training time series data. The FPC scores are regarded as the extracted features. Each data point in this plot corresponds to a training location, with its colour indicating its wetland type. The horizontal and vertical axes correspond respectively to the first and second FPC scores derived from the VV time series. We emphasize that, while each plot shows only the scores of their corresponding training time series year, the FPC scores were computed simultaneously for all VV time series across all years and all wetland types.

The data points are partially clustered by wetland type; in particular, the water and shallow water separate very well from the rest of the wetland types. The horizontal (which is the dimension corresponding to the first FPC) separation between water/shallow water from the rest. This is a manifestation of the large vertical difference between water/shallow water and the rest of the non-water wetland types in terms of the original VV values (refer to figures 4). The first FPC captures this large vertical difference consistent throughout the growing season, and this explains why the first FPC resembles a flat line (orange curve that would appear in the top panel of Figure 6).

Also recalling that the second FPC has a trend that resembles that of the shallow water (as noted in the ribbon plots in the bottom panels of figure 4 against the orange curve in the second panel in Figure 6). Recall also that the marsh roughly exhibits the opposite trend (as noted in the top panel of figures 4 against the blue curve in the second panel in Figure 6). The second FPC captures the trend exhibited by shallow water, and accordingly, in this scatter plot is the shallow water training locations (red) that extend significantly in the positive vertical direction. Conversely, since the marsh exhibits roughly the opposite trend, the marsh training locations (black) extend significantly downward in the present scatter plot.

Sanity check: approximation of original training time series via FPCA

Given that the FPCA hinges on approximating individual training data time series as linear combinations of a sequence of FPCs (themselves functions) that are learned from the training data time series as a group:

$\begin{array}{ccccccccccccc} {(\begin{array}{c} interpolation \\ of a given \\ time series \end{array})}_{i} & \approx & (\begin{array}{c} global \\ mean \\ function \end{array}) & + & {score}_{i 1} & \cdot & {(\begin{array}{c} functional \\ principal \\ component \end{array})}_{1} & + & {score}_{i 2} & \cdot & {(\begin{array}{c} functional \\ principal \\ component \end{array})}_{2} & + & \dots \end{array}$

To assess the suitability of FPCA to a specific given time series data set, it is prudent to examine how well the FPCA-based approximations can actually approximate the original given time series data.

Figure 12 displays six randomly chosen Sentinel-1 training data time series and their FPCA approximations to give an impression of the goodness-of-fit of the FPCA approximations.

Figure 8. FPCA approximations of six training data time series. — Description - Figure 8

FPCA approximations of six training data time series. In each panel, the horizontal axis represents the “date index,” where 1 refers to New Year’s Day, 2 refers to January 2, and so on. The vertical axis represents the value of the VV variable in the Sentinel-1 data. The black dots are the original time series data points. The blue curve is the B-spline interpolation. The red curve is the seven-term FPCA approximation of the B-spline interpolation (blue curve), where “seven-term” here means that the FPCA approximation is the sum of the global mean function and a linear combination. Panel 1 – year 2017, location: -77.210217019792_43.8920257051607; Panel 2 – year 2017, location: -77.2997875102733_44.0678018892809; Panel 3 – year 2018, location: -77.2373431411184_44.1006434402341; Panel 4 – year 2018, location: -77.2691161641941_43.9610969253399; Panel 5 – year 2019, location: -77.2663596884513_43.950887882021; Panel 6 – year 2019, location: -77.3141305185843_44.1218009272802

Future work

This article showcases the FPCA-based feature engineering technique for seasonal Sentinel- 1 time series data. Recall however, that the ultimate goal is classification of wetland. The immediate follow-up research is to apply some “basic” (e.g., random forest) classification techniques to the FPCA-based extracted features (i.e., FPC scores) and examine the resulting accuracies.
Most basic classification techniques such as the random forest, would ignore the spatial relationships among the locations/pixels. If the basic techniques turn out to yield insufficient accuracies, you consider more sophisticated classification techniques that attempt to take into account the spatial relationships, e.g., by essentially imposing constraints that favour nearby locations/pixels to have the same predicted land cover type. One such technique is the hidden Markov random field, treating the land cover classification task as an unsupervised image segmentation problem.
Figure 3 took approximately 45 minutes to generate, running in 16 parallel threads on a single x86 64-conda-linux-gnu (64-bit) virtual computer, on a commercial computing cloud, with 28 GB of memory, using the Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS operating system, and R version 4.0.3 (2020- 10-10). However, Figure 3 covers only the Bay of Quinte study area, which is a tiny area compared to the province of Ontario, or to all of Canada. Using the same computing resources mentioned above to execute the FPCA-based feature extraction workflow would require about three weeks for Ontario, and several months for all of Canada. Several years’ worth of Sentinel- 1 data for all of Canada will have a storage footprint of dozens of terabytes. On the other hand, ultimately, one would indeed like to implement a (nearly fully) automated pan-Canada wetland classification system. Distributed computing (cloud computing or high-performance computing clusters) will be necessary to deploy such a workflow that can process such volumes of data within in a reasonable amount of time. A follow-up study is well underway to deploy this workflow on Google Cloud Platform (GCP) for all of British Columbia. We expect the execution time of the GCP deployment for all of British Columbia, divided into hundreds of simultaneous computing jobs, to be under 3 hours. In addition, we mention that, due to the vectorial nature of the FPCA calculations, a GPU implementation should in theory be feasible, which could further speed up the computations dramatically. A scientific article on the results and methodologies of this series of projects is in preparation and will be published in a peer-reviewed journal shortly.
As mentioned, seasonal changes in Earth surface structures, captured as temporal trends in Sentinel-1 time series data, are useful predictor variables for wetland classification. However, in order to use the data correctly and in a large scale, one must be cognizant of a number of potential issues. For example, data users must be well-informed of measurement artifacts that might be present in such data, how to detect their presence, and how to correct for them, if necessary. We also anticipate that temporal trends do vary (e.g., due to natural variations, climate cycles, climate change), both across years and across space. It remains an open research question as to how to take into account the spatiotemporal variations of Sentinel-1 time trends, when we design and implement a pan-Canada workflow.
Recall that we focused exclusively on the VV polarization in the Sentinel- 1 data, though we already mentioned that Sentinel-1 data have one more polarization, namely VH. Different polarizations are sensitive to different types of ground-level structures (NASA 2022). In addition, Sentinel-1 is a C-band SAR (i.e., radar signal frequency at about 5.4 GHz) satellite constellation, which in particular implies that Sentinel-1 measures, very roughly, ground-level structures of size of about 5.5cm. However, there are other SAR satellites that have different signal frequencies, which therefore target ground-level structures of different sizes (NASA 2022). It will be very interesting to examine whether SAR data with different signal frequencies, and measured in different polarizations, could be combined in order to significantly enhance the utility of these data.

References

BANKS, S., WHITE, L., BEHNAMIAN, A., CHEN, Z., MONTPETIT, B., BRISCO, B., PASHER, J., AND DUFFE, J. Wetland classification with multi-angle/temporal sar using random forests. Remote Sensing 11, 6 (2019).
EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY. Sentinel-1 Polarimetry. https://sentinel.esa.int/web/sentinel/user-guides/sentinel-1-sar/product-overview/polarimetry. Accessed: 2022-02-10.
NASA. What is Synthetic Aperture Radar? https://earthdata.nasa.gov/learn/ backgrounders/what-is-sar. Accessed: 2022-02-10.
SCHUMAKER, L. Spline Functions: Basic Theory, third ed. Cambridge Mathematical Library. Cambridge Mathematical Library, 2007.
WANG, J.-L., CHIOU, J.-M., AND MU¨LLER, H.-G. Functional data analysis. Annual Review of Statistics and Its Application 3, 1 (2016), 257–295.
WIKIPEDIA. RGB color model. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB_color_model. Accessed: 2022-02-10.

All machine learning projects at Statistics Canada are developed under the agency's Framework for Responsible Machine Learning Processes that provides guidance and practical advice on how to responsibly develop automated processes.

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The operating name is a name the business or organization is commonly known as if different from its legal name. The operating name is synonymous with trade name.

Current main activity of the business or organization

This question verifies the business or organization's current main activity as classified by the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) is an industry classification system developed by the statistical agencies of Canada, Mexico and the United States. Created against the background of the North American Free Trade Agreement, it is designed to provide common definitions of the industrial structure of the three countries and a common statistical framework to facilitate the analysis of the three economies. NAICS is based on supply-side or production-oriented principles, to ensure that industrial data, classified to NAICS, are suitable for the analysis of production-related issues such as industrial performance.

The target entity for which NAICS is designed are businesses and other organizations engaged in the production of goods and services. They include farms, incorporated and unincorporated businesses and government business enterprises. They also include government institutions and agencies engaged in the production of marketed and non-marketed services, as well as organizations such as professional associations and unions and charitable or non-profit organizations and the employees of households.

The associated NAICS should reflect those activities conducted by the business or organizational unit(s) targeted by this questionnaire only, as identified in the 'Answering this questionnaire' section and which can be identified by the specified legal and operating name. The main activity is the activity which most defines the targeted business or organization's main purpose or reason for existence. For a business or organization that is for-profit, it is normally the activity that generates the majority of the revenue for the entity.

The NAICS classification contains a limited number of activity classifications; the associated classification might be applicable for this business or organization even if it is not exactly how you would describe this business or organization's main activity.

Please note that any modifications to the main activity through your response to this question might not necessarily be reflected prior to the transmitting of subsequent questionnaires and as a result they may not contain this updated information.

Farm operating revenue and expenses

Question 1, 2

The Canada Revenue Agency has a requirement that Statistics Canada keep a record of the name of the person who gave consent to share the farm operation's revenue and expenses data. As stated, your name will not be shared with Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada or your provincial agriculture agency.

With the respondent's consent, the following data (20 questions) will be obtained from the Canada Revenue Agency and shared with AAFC and your provincial ministry of agriculture:

Total gross farm revenue in 2021
The gross farm revenue in 2021 from the following:
- sale of grains, oilseeds, pulse crops and forage seeds
- sale of horticulture products
- sale of cattle
- sale of pigs
- sale of poultry
- sale of milk, cream and other dairy products
- agriculture custom of contract work or machine rentals
- all other farm revenue
- total amount received for program payments.
Total farm operating expenses in 2021
The operating expenses in 2021 for the following:
- fertilizer and lime
- herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, etc.
- seed and plants
- feed, supplements and hay
- fuel for machinery, trucks and automobiles
- total interest paid on farm debt
- land rentals
- heating fuel
- electricity

Note: In the case of sharing data with provincial agriculture ministries, the data shared will be limited to information pertaining to farm operations within the jurisdiction of the province.

Reporting period information

Question 3

Fiscal year-end refers to the last day of the twelve-month period a business uses as its income tax year.

If this operation's fiscal year-end is close to the survey date, e.g., April 30, 2021, and the current financial statements are not yet available, use the most recent financial statements, e.g., April 30, 2020.

Characteristics of the operators and operation

Question 4

A farm operator is an individual responsible for the day-to-day operation of the farm, who participates in the decisions to borrow money, to rent, buy or sell assets and to manage debts.

Include farm owner-operators and hired managers.

Legal operating arrangement

Question 11

Definitions:

A sole proprietorship is a farming business in which there is one person that makes the business decisions, takes the risks and makes the profits.

A corporation is a farming business that has been registered with a province as a legal entity.

A partnership is an agreement to share the profits and losses of the business and is formally registered as such with the Canada Revenue Agency for tax purposes.

The partners jointly own the operation's property and share a joint bank account, joint accounting, single financing, use of the partnership name, etc.

A cooperative and communal operations is a farming business that is operated by a community of people. (All Hutterite colonies are considered to be cooperatives even if they are incorporated).

A joint venture is similar to a partnership, but is not exactly the same. The parties in a joint venture are usually separate businesses, which join together to accomplish a project. Each party contributes assets to the joint venture. Often, one of the partners is an operator and the others provides the use of capital for the operation.

A trust is when management and decision making powers of an investment or business is held by a third party. Therefore, the owners cannot make decisions concerning the business. However, the actual owners still receive the profits generated by the trust.

Family's percent ownership for corporations and partnerships:

if the partnership is husband and wife only, enter 100%
if the partnership is owned by siblings, enter only the share belonging to the family of the selected operator.

Land use

Question 21

Rounding procedures for this section:

round all areas of land to the nearest whole number, e.g., for "17.5 acres" round-up to "18 acres"
if the area of land is less than half an acre, round-up to 1 acre.

Workable land includes all arable or cleared land including area in field crops, vegetables, sod, nursery, fruits, berries and nuts, summerfallow, and tame or seeded pasture land.

Non-workable land includes land that is not or cannot be used for agricultural purposes plus land on which all farm buildings are located:

all idle land (land not used for agricultural purposes) includes woodlots, sugarbush, tree windbreaks, bush, ponds, bogs, marshes, sloughs, buffer zones, etc.
land on which farm buildings are located including, farm houses, barns, lanes, etc.

Question 22

Cropland is land which has not been left in its natural state. It is workable land which is tilled either annually or periodically to produce agricultural products. This includes field crops, land used to produce fruits and vegetables, greenhouses, sod and nursery production, etc.

Cropland

Question 23

Market value is the most probable price an asset would bring in a competitive and open market under all conditions required for a fair sale, with buyer and seller each acting prudently and knowledgeably.

Sources for market value:

assessment on a property tax bill
estimate based on recent land sales in the area
if money has been borrowed from a lending institution, the real estate value has likely been estimated.

Question 24

Cropland rented from others is workable land that you rented in order to cultivate and produce agricultural products.

Include land rented for field crops, e.g., tame hay, wheat, canola, potatoes, sugar beets, land used to produce fruits and vegetables, greenhouses, sod and nursery production, etc.

Capital investments

Question 25 - 27

Capital investments are expenditures for long-term assets, generally expensed using capital cost allowance/depreciation. Although not depreciable, land and living things such as trees, shrubs and animals are capital investments.

Question 28

b) Construction and renovation of building and other structures includes construction of a new farmhouse or any renovations to the existing farmhouse or to any other farm building.

d) Land improvements include:

shelterbelts and windbreaks: bands of trees and shrubs designed to shelter crops, livestock, soil and buildings and to control snow accumulation
buffer strips: strips of vegetation which protect natural areas (especially watercourses) from surrounding land uses
fences for waterways protection: fencing exclusively to restrict livestock from watercourses in order to prevent erosion and water contamination.

If this operation incurred expenses to create an environmental plan, these expenses should be reported as operating expenses.

f) Quota is an entitlement or right to sell or deliver a certain amount of an agricultural product. This pertains to six products: milk, table eggs, hatching eggs, chicken, turkey, and tobacco.

Capital sales

Question 30, 31

Capital sales arise from the sale or trade-in of capital assets, such as machinery, land, buildings, breeding and replacement livestock, and quota. This is opposed to farm revenue, which is the sale of products produced on the farm, such as livestock or crops.

Where farmland and farm buildings have been foreclosed on or transferred to a lender, use best estimate of the market value of the property. This might be obtained from: an assessment on a property tax bill, an estimate based on recent land sales in the area, or if money has been borrowed from a lending institution, the real estate value has likely been estimated.

Quota is an entitlement or right to sell or deliver a certain amount of an agricultural product. This pertains to six products: milk, table eggs, hatching eggs, chicken, turkey, and tobacco.

Breeding and replacement livestock includes the value of breeding and replacement livestock sold, excluding culls. Culls are female or male breeding stocks that are no longer productive. Do not report culls sold for slaughter as a capital sale (this is considered revenue).

Farm assets of this operation

Question 32

Assets refer to all tangible and intangible items of value owned by this operation. They are the sum of current assets, breeding and replacement livestock, market livestock, machinery and equipment, quota, land and buildings, and financial investments.

Please report market value — the most probable price an asset would bring in a competitive and open market under all conditions required for a fair sale, with buyer and seller each acting prudently and knowledgeably. If the exact market value is unknown, please give the best estimation.

Livestock and poultry assets

a) Breeding and replacement livestock are animals that are expected to be on the operation for more than one year – animals acquired or raised for the production of progeny, or for the production of a livestock product.

b) Market livestock are animals that are expected to be on the operation for less than one year. Include all poultry as market livestock.

Short-term farm assets are cash and any other asset that, in the normal course of operations, is expected to be converted into cash or consumed in the production process within one year or within the normal operating cycle (where the cycle is longer than a year).

c) Accounts receivable are monies which are owed to the operation usually arising from the sale of goods or services, such as crops, livestock or custom work, and from program payments, to be paid to the operation within 12 months. If the money is to be repaid after 12 months or over a series of years, it is considered a long-term note receivable and should be reported as "other long-term farm assets" (section "l").

d) Cash and short-term investments include surplus cash (usually arising from the sale of crops or livestock) which is invested for a short period of time until such time as the cash is again required in the farm business, usually to purchase new inputs such as fertilizer or feeder livestock. Included are certificates of deposits with a maturity of less than 12 months; if the maturity is 12 months or more, the amount should be reported as a "long-term investment" (section "k").

e) Inventory – Supplies on hand (inputs) refer to farm supplies that are to be used in the farm business. Crops for sale are not considered inputs and should be reported as "crops for sale" (section "f").

f) Inventory – Crops for sale include all harvested crops destined for market and greenhouse and nursery horticulture products for market.

g) Other short-term farm assets includes notes receivable, which are claims issued as evidence of debt e.g., promissory note. Only report here the amount expected to be repaid within 12 months. Amounts to be repaid after 12 months should be reported as "other long-term farm assets" (section "l").

Long-term farm assets have a useful life of greater than one year. Such an asset, which can be either a tangible or an intangible item, is usually not purchased for resale, but is to be used over time to produce saleable products.

h) Sources for the market value of farmland and buildings:

assessment on a property tax bill
estimate based on recent sales in the area
if money has been borrowed from a lending institution, the real estate value has likely been estimated.

j) Quota is the right to sell an agricultural product such as milk, poultry, eggs and tobacco. A quota can be a separate asset or can be attached to the land and buildings (poultry).

Quota has a market value and is considered an asset. Please ensure that the market value of quota is reported e.g., what the operation would have been able to sell its quota for on this operation's fiscal year-end date. It may help to multiply quota per animal by the number of animals owned by the operation on this operation's fiscal year-end date.

l) Other long-term farm assets include:

drying facilities
grocery store, shop or market, or fruit stand owned by this operation
long-term greenhouse and nursery products such as trees and shrubs
onion/potato/carrot/apple storage
rental unit / rental property owned by this operation
retail business owned by this operation (not including distinct companies)
sawmills
notes receivable expected to be repaid after 12 months.

Farm debt outstanding

Question 33 - 36

Money owed to banks, caisses populaires, credit unions, trust companies, treasury branches, credit card debt, suppliers or government agencies.

Long-term includes mortgages and long-term loans. Also include long-term loans guaranteed by governments but obtained through a financial institution.

Financière agricole du Québec is considered a financial institution and amounts owed to it should be reported here.

Short-term includes balances on operating lines of credit, short-term loans, credit card balances, cash advances, and any overdue payments. Also include short-term loans guaranteed by governments but obtained through a financial institution and the short-term portion, due within one year of fiscal year-end date, of long-term liabilities.

Money owed to the Advance Payments Program (APP) – short-term only

The APP provides cash advances (up to $1,000,000) guaranteed by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC). Some APP loans may have 18-month repayment periods, however, for this survey, please record all money owed to APP as short-term debt.

Please record loans from the Commodity Loan Program (CLP) from the Agricultural Credit Corporation (ACC) here as well (Ontario only).

Money owed to machinery and supply companies or feed companies

Debts which are owed for the purchase of inputs, also referred to as accounts payable.

Include seed grain (input), fertilizer (input), feed (input), fuel for machinery, heating fuel, propane, purchase of vehicles or agricultural equipment financed by the dealer, monies owed to poultry suppliers (breeder-hatcheries or breed flock operations).

Money owed to family members or private individuals

Include parents, spouse, siblings, parent company, previous owner of the operation, another farm, e.g., for land rental or custom work, in-laws, sister company.

Amount of money owed to provincial agencies

Include agricultural credit / lending agencies, farm loan board.

Exclude:

deferred taxes
loans guaranteed by provincial governments or agencies, e.g., Investissement Québec, should be reported as debts to banks, caisses populaires, credit unions, trust companies or treasury branches).

All other short or long-term debt

Include:

accounts payable (other than to machinery and supply companies or feed companies)
agricultural co-operative
Business Development Bank of Canada
Canadian Mortgage & Housing Corporation
freight bill
income tax to be paid (provincial and federal)
meat packing plant / abattoir
over-payment or claw-back, e.g., if the government asks for a portion of a previous payment to be repaid to them
property tax
public utilities, e.g., electricity or telephone
Société d'aide au développement des collectivités (SADC)
other (enter in comments).

Exclude amounts to be paid for:

leased vehicles or agricultural equipment
accounts payable to machinery and supply companies or feed companies.

Question 37

Loans guaranteed by provincial governments or agencies, e.g., Financière agricole du Québec and Investissement Québec, should be reported with the institutions (banks, caisses populaires, credit unions, trust companies or treasury branches) which disbursed the loans and not as government loans.

Custom or contract feeding

Question 38

Custom or contract feeding is where livestock or poultry are fed and raised by the operation for somebody else.

Question 39

Include revenue received for the total number of livestock and poultry custom or contract fed for the whole year.

Question 41

Report the total number of livestock fed for the whole year.

Include custom or contract grazing.

Exclude animals owned by this operation.

Please report for all cycles of livestock and poultry custom or contract fed. For example, a broiler producer could have five cycles of 10,000 broilers in the barns in one year. In this case, report the total number of broilers for the year (10,000 broilers X 5 cycles = 50,000).

Wages and salaries

Question 42

Dividends paid by a farm corporation to its owners are not farm operating expenses like wages and salaries. Dividends are paid after tax, while wages and salaries are deducted before tax.

Question 43

Wages and salaries paid to family

The operator's family is defined as an operator, an operator's spouse or common-law partner and children residing in the same dwelling. Children are included regardless of age or marital status as long as they do not have their own spouse, common-law partner or child living in the same dwelling.

Include children studying away from the home whose main address is still the farm address.

Exclude:

operator's parents
operator's siblings
operator's family members residing in a different dwelling on the farm land.

Farm operating revenue

Question 44

Gross farm revenue represents the income received from the sale of agricultural commodities, as well as direct program payments made to support or subsidize the agriculture sector.

Please report the gross revenue before any deductions.

Question 45

g) Total amount received for program payments represent payments from government agencies to farm operations in the form of rebates, subsidies and stabilization payments.

AgriStability provides support when you experience a large margin decline. You may be able to receive an AgriStability payment when your current year program margin falls below 70% of your reference margin.

AgriInsurance (also known as provincial crop or production insurance) is a federal-provincial-producer cost-shared program that stabilizes a producer's income by minimizing the economic effects of production losses caused by natural hazards. AgriInsurance is a provincially delivered program.

i) All other farm revenue includes all farm revenue for this operation that does not fall into the other categories provided.

Include Patronage dividends - payments that a cooperative make to its members.

Agritourism - display gardens (flowers, herbs, etc.), food processing facilities, historical museums and displays, working farm/ranch, barn dances, corn mazes, corporate picnics, educational tours / workshops, entertainment/music, fairs, festivals, on-farm accommodations (guest ranch, picnic areas, restaurant, sugar shack, farm / ranch holidays), tours, retail sales, leisure/recreation (fishing, gardening, hiking, horseback riding, U-pick crops).

Farm operating expenses

Question 46

Operating expenses are the business costs, generating a cash outlay, incurred by farm operators for goods and services used in the production of agricultural commodities in the fiscal year.

Operating expenses are reported on the operation's income statement and normally includes both direct and indirect production costs.

Include veterinary fees, medicine and breeding fees, e.g., artificial insemination.

Question 47

a) Fertilizer and lime expenses include all costs associated with the purchase of fertilizer and lime including spreading, if it is part of the cost.

b) Include all farm expenditures for pesticides (herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, etc.). If the application of pesticides is part of the cost, it is also included.

c) Seed and plants expenses include the value of seed and seedlings purchased by farmers through nurseries, elevators, seed houses, seed dealers and other farmers. The value of home-grown seed and the value of seed bought for resale are excluded. Seed cleaning and treatment costs are included if they are part of the purchase cost.

d) Feed, supplements and hay purchased by farmers, including hay and straw costs. The value of home-grown feed is excluded.

e) Fuel for machinery, trucks and automobiles expenses include petroleum, diesel oil and lubricants used for all types of machinery and equipment from tractors and combines to generators and irrigation pumps. Only the farm business share of automobiles and trucks is included.

f) Total interest paid on farm debt loans such as mortgages or credit from suppliers and private individuals.

g) Land rentals includes all land rented for cash, from others including land rented from governments and other sources.

h) Heating fuel is the cost of all heating fuels (natural gas, propane, furnace oil, etc.). Only the farm business portion of heating fuel is included.

i) Electricity is the cost of electricity for the farm business portion only.

Financial information for sources other than this operation

Question 48

The operator's family is defined as an operator, an operator's spouse or common-law partner and children residing in the same dwelling. Children are included regardless of age or marital status as long as they do not have their own spouse, common-law partner or child living in the same dwelling.

Include children studying away from the home whose main address is still the farm address.

Exclude:

operator's parents
operator's siblings
operator's family members residing in a different dwelling on the farm land.

a) Employment Income

Include the amount of money for the gross wages and salaries (before deductions) for all family members. If an operator is involved in a second independent farm operation, the gross wages or salaries earned from that second farm should be reported here as well.

b) Net self-employment income

Business income includes income from any activity done for profit, for example, income from a service business. Exclude employment income as business income.

Professional fees are fees received for goods or services provided, whether money, something the same as money (such as credit units that have a notional monetary value), or something from bartering was received or will be received.

Fishing income includes income earned whether payable in cash, property or services from fishing for or catching shellfish, crustaceans or marine animals.

Fishing income does not include income earned from working as an employee in a fishing business.

f) Other examples of other income not from this operation include income from snow plowing or cutting weeds along a roadway.

On-farm innovation

Question 75

If this operation has innovated, but has not yet seen the results, mark the question as "yes"; the impact of the innovation is not relevant to this question.

Innovation means implementing a new or significantly improved product, practice or process on your farming operation. Innovations must be new to your operation but need not be new to the industry.

a) Crop products innovation involves new or significantly improved crops produced, varieties planted and cultivars created.

b) Livestock products innovation involves new or significantly improved livestock types and livestock breeds raised.

c) Production process and practice innovations involve new or significantly improved processes and/or practices regarding soil management, fertilizer application, irrigation and water management, and livestock handling.

d) Marketing practice innovation involves new or significantly improved approaches to marketing the farm's production, such as marketing and/or production contracts, futures and/or options and direct marketing.

e) Business management practices involve new or significantly improved approaches to meeting labour requirements, business ownership and/or partnerships, ways of acquiring inputs, and adding processing activities.

Thank you for your participation.

Wholesale Trade Survey (monthly): CVs for total sales by geography - March 2022

Wholesale Trade Survey (monthly): CVs for total sales by geography - March 2022
Geography	Month
	202103	202104	202105	202106	202107	202108	202109	202110	202111	202112	202112	202202	202203
	percentage
Canada	0.6	0.7	0.9	0.8	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.7	0.8	1.2	0.8	0.7	0.7
Newfoundland and Labrador	0.2	1.2	2.4	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.4	1.0	0.6	7.1
Prince Edward Island	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotia	2.2	5.2	8.1	4.4	2.1	2.5	2.8	2.4	2.8	5.9	2.8	1.8	1.0
New Brunswick	1.0	1.1	1.6	2.9	2.4	2.1	2.4	2.2	4.0	1.4	3.2	0.5	1.5
Quebec	1.9	1.9	3.1	3.0	1.5	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.9	2.2	1.4	1.3
Ontario	0.9	1.1	1.2	0.9	0.8	1.0	1.1	1.1	1.3	2.1	1.3	1.2	1.2
Manitoba	0.9	2.8	5.2	1.6	0.8	1.0	1.1	1.7	1.2	1.5	1.7	1.6	1.7
Saskatchewan	1.2	0.8	0.5	0.6	0.6	1.3	1.6	1.0	0.8	0.5	0.9	0.3	0.4
Alberta	1.3	1.2	1.5	1.3	1.5	1.1	1.0	1.4	2.0	1.0	1.8	1.6	0.9
British Columbia	1.5	1.1	1.3	1.3	1.5	1.4	1.8	1.2	1.7	1.3	1.6	2.3	1.6
Yukon Territory	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northwest Territories	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nunavut	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Why are we conducting this survey?

This survey collects information on scientific activities of Canadian private non-profit organizations. The research and development expenditures and personnel information is used by federal, provincial and territorial governments and agencies, academics and international organizations for statistical analyses and policy purposes. These data also contribute to national totals of research and development activities. The payments and receipts information is used by these agencies to monitor knowledge flows across international borders and between Canadian organizations.

Your information may also be used by Statistics Canada for other statistical and research purposes.

Your participation in this survey is required under the authority of the Statistics Act.

Other important information

Authorization to collect this information

Data are collected under the authority of the Statistics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, Chapter S-19.

Confidentiality

By law, Statistics Canada is prohibited from releasing any information it collects that could identify any person, business, or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent, or as permitted by the Statistics Act. Statistics Canada will use the information from this survey for statistical purposes only.

Record linkages

To enhance the data from this survey and to reduce the reporting burden, Statistics Canada may combine the acquired data with information from other surveys or from administrative sources.

Data-sharing agreements

To reduce respondent burden, Statistics Canada has entered into data-sharing agreements with provincial and territorial statistical agencies and other government organizations, which have agreed to keep the data confidential and use them only for statistical purposes. Statistics Canada will only share data from this survey with those organizations that have demonstrated a requirement to use the data.

Section 11 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with provincial and territorial statistical agencies that meet certain conditions. These agencies must have the legislative authority to collect the same information, on a mandatory basis, and the legislation must provide substantially the same provisions for confidentiality and penalties for disclosure of confidential information as the Statistics Act. Because these agencies have the legal authority to compel businesses to provide the same information, consent is not requested and businesses may not object to the sharing of the data.

For this survey, there are Section 11 agreements with the provincial and territorial statistical agencies of Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia and the Yukon. The shared data will be limited to information on in-house research and development expenditures (Question 18) and in-house research and development personnel (Question 26) pertaining to business establishments located within the jurisdiction of the respective province or territory.

Section 12 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with federal, provincial or territorial government organizations.

Under Section 12, you may refuse to share your information with any of these organizations by writing a letter of objection to the Chief Statistician, specifying the organizations with which you do not want Statistics Canada to share your data and mailing it to the following address:

Chief Statistician of Canada
Statistics Canada
Attention of Director, Enterprise Statistics Division
150 Tunney's Pasture Driveway
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0T6

You may also contact us by email at statcan.esd-helpdesk-dse-bureaudedepannage.statcan@canada.ca or by fax at 613-951-6583.

For this survey, there are Section 12 agreements with the statistical agencies of Prince Edward Island, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut. The shared data will be limited to information on in-house research and development expenditures (Question 18) and in-house research and development personnel (Question 26) pertaining to business establishments located within the jurisdiction of the respective province or territory.

Business or organization and contact information

1. Verify or provide the business or organization's legal and operating name and correct if needed.

Note: Legal name modifications should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

Legal Name

Modifications to the legal name should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

Operating Name

The operating name is a name the business or organization is commonly known as if different from its legal name. The operating name is synonymous with trade name.

Legal name:
Operating name (if applicable):

2. Verify or provide the contact information of the designated business or organization contact person for this questionnaire and correct if needed.

Note: The designated contact person is the person who should receive this questionnaire. The designated contact person may not always be the one who actually completes the questionnaire.

First name:
Last name:
Title:
Preferred language of communication:
- English
- French
Mailing address (number and street):
City:
Province, territory or state:
Postal code or ZIP code:
Country:
- Canada
- United States
Email address:
Telephone number (including area code):
Extension number (if applicable):
The maximum number of characters is 10.
Fax number (including area code):

3. Verify or provide the current operational status of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

Operational
Not currently operational
- Why is this business or organization not currently operational?
  - Seasonal operations
    - When did this business or organization close for the season? Date
    - When does this business or organization expect to resume operations? Date
  - Ceased operations
    - When did this business or organization cease operations? Date
    - Why did this business or organization cease operations?
      - Bankruptcy
      - Liquidation
      - Dissolution
      - Other
    - Specify the other reasons for ceased operations
  - Sold operations
    - When was this business or organization sold? Date
    - What is the legal name of the buyer?
  - Amalgamated with other businesses or organizations
    - When did this business or organization amalgamate? Date
    - What is the legal name of the resulting or continuing business or organization?
    - What are the legal names of the other amalgamated businesses or organizations?
  - Temporarily inactive but will re-open
    - When did this business or organization become temporarily inactive? Date
    - When does this business or organization expect to resume operations? Date
    - Why is this business or organization temporarily inactive?
  - No longer operating due to other reasons
    - When did this business or organization cease operations? Date
    - Why did this business or organization cease operations?

4. Verify or provide the current main activity of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

Note: The described activity was assigned using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

The associated NAICS should reflect those activities conducted by the business or organizational units targeted by this questionnaire only, as identified in the 'Answering this questionnaire' section and which can be identified by the specified legal and operating name. The main activity is the activity which most defines the targeted business or organization's main purpose or reason for existence. For a business or organization that is for-profit, it is normally the activity that generates the majority of the revenue for the entity.

The following is the detailed description including any applicable examples or exclusions for the classification currently associated with this business or organization.

Description and examples

This is the current main activity
This is not the current main activity
Provide a brief but precise description of this business or organization's main activity:
- e.g., breakfast cereal manufacturing, shoe store, software development

Main activity

5. You indicated that is not the current main activity.

Was this business or organization's main activity ever classified as: ?

Yes
When did the main activity change?
- Date:
No

6. Search and select the industry classification code that best corresponds to this business or organization's main activity.

Select this business or organization's activity sector (optional)

Farming or logging operation
Construction company or general contractor
Manufacturer
Wholesaler
Retailer
Provider of passenger or freight transportation
Provider of investment, savings or insurance products
Real estate agency, real estate brokerage or leasing company
Provider of professional, scientific or technical services
Provider of health care or social services
Restaurant, bar, hotel, motel or other lodging establishment
Other sector

Reporting period

1. What is the end date of this organization's fiscal year?

Note: For this survey, this organization's fiscal year end date should fall on or before March 31, 2022.

Here are some examples of fiscal periods that fall within the targeted dates:

May 1, 2020 to April 30, 2021
July 1, 2020 to June 30, 2021
October 1, 2020 to September 30, 2021
January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021
February 1, 2021 to January 31, 2022
April 1, 2021 to March 31, 2022

*THIS FISCAL YEAR WILL BE REFERRED TO AS 2021 THROUGHOUT THE QUESTIONNAIRE*

Fiscal Year-End date:

Organization status

2. What is this organization's business number (e.g., GST number or charitable registration number)?

Business number (9-digit number):

3. Is this organization affiliated with a hospital, a university or a government agency or department?

4. In 2021, what were this organization's total expenditures within Canada?

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.
If precise figures are not available, please provide your best estimate.

Total expenditures represent the total budget for all operations of this organization in the fiscal period. If 'total expenditures' cannot be calculated, total funds (from members, government programs and all other sources of funds) or total revenues can be provided.

CAN$ '000:

5. In 2021, what were this organization's total wages and salaries within Canada?

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.
If precise figures are not available, please provide your best estimate.

CAN$ '000:

6. In 2021, what was the average number of employees in full-time equivalents (FTE) within Canada for this organization?

If precise figures are not available, please provide your best estimate in full-time equivalents (FTE).

Number of employees

The organization's personnel is composed of full-time and part-time employees.

Full-time equivalent (FTE) = Number of persons who work full-time for the organization + part-time workers.

Example calculation: If out of four employees, one works full-time for the organization and the remaining three devote only one quarter of their working time to the organization, then: FTE = 1 + 1/4 + 1/4 + 1/4 = 1.75 employees.

In-house research and development ( R&D ) expenditures

Before you begin

For this survey

"In-house R&D" refers to:

Expenditures within Canada for R&D performed within this organization by:

employees (permanent, temporary or casual)
self-employed individuals or contractors who are working on-site on this organization's R&D projects.

"Payments for R&D performed by other organizations" refers to:

Payments made within or outside Canada to other organizations, individuals or companies to fund R&D performance:

grants
fellowships
contracts.

In-house research and development ( R&D ) expenditures

7. In 2021, did this organization have expenditures for R&D performed in-house within Canada?

Exclude payments for R&D performed by others (e.g., funding, grants or contracted out R&D expenditures), which should be reported in question 13.

In-house refers to R&D which is performed on-site or within the organization's establishment. Exclude R&D expenses performed by other companies or organizations. A later question will collect these data.

Research and experimental development (R&D) comprise creative and systematic work undertaken in order to increase the stock of knowledge - including knowledge of humankind, culture and society - and to devise new applications of available knowledge.

R&D is performed in the natural sciences, engineering, social sciences and humanities. There are three types of R&D activities: basic research, applied research and experimental development.

Research work in the social sciences

Include if projects are employing new or significantly different modelling techniques or developing new formulae, analyzing data not previously available or applying new research techniques, development of community strategies for disease prevention or health education.

Exclude:

routine analytical projects using standard techniques and existing data
routine market research
routine statistical analysis intended for on-going monitoring of an activity.

8. In 2021, what were this organization's expenditures for R&D performed in-house within Canada?

Exclude payments for R&D performed by others (e.g., funding, grants or contracted out R&D expenditures), which should be reported in question 13.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

In-house R&D expenditures are composed of current in-house R&D expenditures and capital in-house R&D expenditures.

Current in-house R&D expenditures

Include:

wages, salaries, benefits and fringe benefits, materials and supplies
services to support R&D, including on-site R&D consultants and contractors
necessary background literature
minor scientific equipment
associated administrative overhead costs.

a. Wages, salaries of permanent, temporary and casual R&D employees

Include benefits and fringe benefits of employees engaged in R&D activities. Benefits and fringe benefits include bonus payments, holiday or vacation pay, pension fund contributions, other social security payments, payroll taxes, etc.

b. Services to support R&D

Include:

payments to on-site R&D consultants and contractors working under the direct control of your organization
other services including indirect services purchased to support in-house R&D such as security, storage, repair, maintenance and use of buildings and equipment
computer services, software licensing fees and dissemination of R&D findings.

c. R&D materials

Include:

water, fuel, gas and electricity
materials for creation of prototypes
reference materials (books, journals, etc.)
subscriptions to libraries and data bases, memberships to scientific societies, etc.
cost of outsourced (contracted out or granted) small R&D prototypes or R&D models
materials for laboratories (chemicals, animal, etc.)
all other R&D-related materials.

d. All other current R&D costs including overhead

Include administrative and overhead costs (e.g., office, post and telecommunications, internet, insurance), prorated if necessary to allow for non- R&D activities within the business.

Exclude:

interest charges
value-added taxes (goods and services tax (GST) or harmonized sales tax (HST)).

Capital in-house expenditures are the annual gross amount paid for the acquisition of fixed assets that are used repeatedly, or continuously in the performance of R&D for more than one year. Report capital in-house expenditures in full for the period when they occurred.

Include costs for software, land, buildings and structures, equipment, machinery and other capital costs.

Exclude capital depreciation.

e. Software

Include applications and systems software (original, customized and off-the-shelf software), supporting documentation and other software-related acquisitions.

f. Land acquired for R&D including testing grounds, sites for laboratories and pilot plants.

g. Buildings and structures that are constructed or purchased for R&D activities or that have undergone major improvements, modifications, renovations and repairs for R&D activities.

h. Equipment, machinery and all other capital

Include major equipment, machinery and instruments, including embedded software, acquired for R&D activities.

In 2021, what were this organization's expenditures for R&D performed in-house within Canada?
	CAN$ '000
2021 - Current in-house R&D expenditures within Canada
a. Wages, salaries of permanent, temporary and casual R&D employees Include fringe benefits.
b. Services to support R&D Include services of self-employed individuals or contractors who are working on-site on this organization's R&D projects. Exclude contracted out or granted expenditures to other organizations to perform R&D (report in question 13).
c. R&D materials
d. All other current R&D costs Include overhead costs.
2021 - Total current in-house R&D expenditures within Canada
2021 - Capital in-house R&D expenditures within Canada
e. Software Exclude capital depreciation.
f. Land Exclude capital depreciation.
g. Buildings and structures Exclude capital depreciation.
h. Equipment, machinery and all other capital Exclude capital depreciation.
2021 - Total capital in-house R&D expenditures within Canada
2021 - Total in-house R&D expenditures within Canada

9. In 2022 and 2023, does this organization plan to make expenditures for R&D performed in-house within Canada?

Exclude payments for R&D performed by others (e.g., funding, grants or contracted out R&D expenditures), which should be reported in question 15.

Select all that apply.

Help text:

In-house R&D expenditures are composed of current in-house R&D expenditures and capital in-house R&D expenditures.

Inclusions

Prototypes

Include design, construction and operation of prototypes, provided that the primary objective is to make further improvements or to undertake technical testing.

Exclude if the prototype is for commercial purposes.

Pilot plants

Include construction and operation of pilot plants, provided that the primary objective is to make further improvements or to undertake technical testing.

Exclude if the pilot plant is intended to be operated for commercial purposes.

New computer software or significant improvements/modifications to existing computer software

Includes technological or scientific advances in theoretical computer sciences; operating systems e.g., improvement in interface management, developing new operating system of converting an existing operating system to a significantly different hardware environment; programming languages; and applications if a significant technological change occurs.

Contracts

Include all contracts which require R&D. For contracts which include other work, report only the R&D costs.

Research work in the social sciences

Include if projects are employing new or significantly different modelling techniques or developing new formulae, analyzing data not previously available or applying new research techniques.

Exclusions

Routine analysis in the social sciences including policy-related studies, management studies and efficiency studies

Exclude analytical projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies, principles and models of the related social sciences to bear on a particular problem (e.g., commentary on the probable economic effects of a change in the tax structure, using existing economic data; use of standard techniques in applied psychology to select and classify industrial and military personnel, students, etc., and to test children with reading or other disabilities).

Consumer surveys, advertising, market research

Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended for commercialization of the results of R&D.

Routine quality control and testing

Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies not intended to create new knowledge, even if carried out by personnel normally engaged in R&D.

Pre-production activities such as demonstration of commercial viability, tooling up, trial production, trouble shooting

Although R&D may be required as a result of these steps, these activities are excluded.

Prospecting, exploratory drilling, development of mines, oil or gas wells

Include only if for R&D projects concerned with new equipment or techniques in these activities, such as in-situ and tertiary recovery research.

Engineering

Exclude engineering unless it is in direct support of R&D.

Design and drawing

Exclude design and drawing unless it is in direct support of R&D.

Patent and licence work

Exclude all administrative and legal work connected with patents and licences.

Cosmetic modifications or style changes to existing products

Exclude if no significant technical improvement or modification to the existing products has occurred.

General purpose or routine data collection

Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended for on-going monitoring of an activity.

Routine computer programming, systems maintenance or software application

Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended to support on-going operations.

Routine mathematical or statistical analysis or operations analysis

Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended for on-going monitoring of an activity.

Activities associated with standards compliance

Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended to support standards compliance.

Specialized routine medical care such as routine pathology services

Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended for on-going monitoring of an activity.

Response text:

In 2022
In 2023
No planned in-house R&D expenditures

10. In 2022, what are this organization's planned expenditures for R&D performed in-house within Canada?

Exclude payments for R&D performed by others (e.g., funding, grants or contracted out R&D expenditures), which should be reported in question 15.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

If precise figures are not available, please provide your best estimate.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

In 2022, what are this organization's planned expenditures for R&D performed in-house within Canada?
	CAN$ '000
a. 2022 - Total current in-house R&D expenditures within Canada
b. 2022 - Total capital in-house R&D expenditures within Canada Exclude capital depreciation.

11. In 2023, what are this organization's planned expenditures for R&D performed in-house within Canada?

Exclude payments for R&D performed by others (e.g., funding, grants or contracted out R&D expenditures), which should be reported in question 15.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

If precise figures are not available, please provide your best estimate.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

In 2023, what are this organization's planned expenditures for R&D performed in-house within Canada?
	CAN$ '000
a. 2023 - Total current in-house R&D expenditures within Canada
b. 2023 - Total capital in-house R&D expenditures within Canada Exclude capital depreciation.

Payments for R&D performed by other organizations

12. In 2021, did this organization make payments to other organizations to perform R&D within Canada or outside Canada?

Include:

funding or grants provided to other organizations to perform R&D
contracted out expenditures for R&D.

Exclude services of self-employed individuals or contractors who are working on-site on this organization's R&D projects, which should be reported in question 8.

Select all that apply.

Within Canada
Outside Canada
No payment made to others to perform R&D

13. In 2021, what were this organization's R&D payments to other organizations within Canada or outside Canada?

Include:

funding or grants provided to other organizations to perform R&D
contracted out expenditures for R&D.

Exclude services of self-employed individuals or contractors who are working on-site on this organization's R&D projects, which should be reported in question 8.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Include payments made through contracts, grants, donations and fellowships to another company, organization or individual to purchase or fund R&D activities.

Exclude expenditures for on-site R&D contractors.

Companies include all incorporated for-profit businesses and government business enterprises providing products in the market at market rates.

Private non-profit organizations include voluntary health organizations, private philanthropic foundations, associations and societies and research institutes. They are not-for-profit organizations that serve the public interest by supporting activities related to public welfare (such as health, education, the environment).

Industrial research institutes or associations include all non-profit organizations that serve the business sector, with industrial associations frequently consisting of their membership.

Federal government includes all federal government departments and agencies. It excludes federal government business enterprises providing products in the market.

Provincial or territorial governments include all provincial or territorial government ministries, departments and agencies. It excludes provincial or territorial government business enterprises providing products in the market.

Provincial or territorial research organizations are organizations created under provincial or territorial law which conduct or facilitate research on behalf of the province or territory.

Other organizations - individuals, non-university educational institutions, foreign governments including ministries, departments and agencies of foreign governments.

In 2021, what were this organization's R&D payments to other organizations within Canada or outside Canada?
	Within Canada CAN$ '000	Outside Canada CAN$ '000
a. Companies
b. Other private non-profit organizations
c. Industrial research institutes or associations
d. Hospitals
e. Universities
f. Federal government departments and agencies
g. Provincial or territorial government departments, ministries and agencies
h. Provincial or territorial research organizations
i. Other organizations e.g., individuals, non-university educational institutions, foreign governments
2021 - Total payments for R&D performed by other organizations

14. In 2022 and 2023, does this organization plan to make payments to other organizations to perform R&D?

Include:

funding or grants provided to other organizations to perform R&D
contracted out expenditures for R&D.

Exclude services of self-employed individuals or contractors who are working on-site on this organization's R&D projects, which should be reported in questions 10 and 11.

Select all that apply.

In 2022
In 2023
No planned payments to others to perform R&D

15. In 2022 and 2023, what are this organization's planned payments to other organizations to perform R&D within Canada or outside Canada?

Include:

funding or grants provided to other organizations to perform R&D
contracted out expenditures for R&D.

Exclude services of self-employed individuals or contractors who are working on-site on this organization's R&D projects, which should be reported in questions 10 and 11.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Include payments made through contracts, grants, donations and fellowships to another company, organization or individual to purchase or fund R&D activities.

Exclude services of self-employed individuals or contractors who are working on-site on this organisation's R&D projects, which should have been reported earlier in the section "In-house research and development (R&D) expenditures".

In 2022 and 2023, what are this organization's planned payments to other organizations to perform R&D within Canada or outside Canada?
	Within Canada CAN$ '000	Outside Canada CAN$ '000
a. 2022
b. 2023

Summary of R&D expenditures from 2021 to 2023

16. Summary of R&D expenditures from 2021 to 2023

Summary of R&D expenditures from 2021 to 2023
	2021 CAN$ '000	2022 CAN$ '000	2023 CAN$ '000
Total current in-house R&D expenditures within Canada
Total capital in-house R&D expenditures within Canada
Total in-house R&D expenditures within Canada
Total payments for R&D performed by other organizations
Total R&D expenditures

Geographic distribution of in-house R&D expenditures within Canada in 2021

17. In 2021, in which provinces or territories did this organization have expenditures for R&D performed in-house?

Exclude:

payments for R&D performed by others (e.g., funding, grants or contracted out R&D expenditures), which should be reported in question 13
capital depreciation.

Select all that apply.

Newfoundland and Labrador
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Yukon
Northwest Territories
Nunavut

18. In 2021, how were this organization's total expenditures for R&D performed in-house distributed by province or territory?

Exclude:

payments for R&D performed by others (e.g., funding, grants or contracted out R&D expenditures), which should be reported in question 13
capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

For in-house R&D activities on federal lands, please include in the closest province or territory.

In 2021, how were this organization's total expenditures for R&D performed in-house distributed by province or territory?
	Current in-house R&D expenditures CAN$ '000	Capital in-house R&D expenditures CAN$ '000
a. Newfoundland and Labrador
b. Prince Edward Island
c. Nova Scotia
d. New Brunswick
e. Quebec
f. Ontario
g. Manitoba
h. Saskatchewan
i. Alberta
j. British Columbia
k. Yukon
l. Northwest Territories
m. Nunavut
2021 - Total current and capital in-house R&D expenditures
2021 - Total current and capital in-house R&D expenditures previously reported from question 8

Sources of funds for in-house R&D expenditures in 2021

19. In 2021, what were the sources of funds for this organization's total expenditures for R&D performed in-house?

Include Canadian and foreign sources.
Exclude:

payments for R&D performed by others (e.g., funding, grants or contracted out R&D expenditures), which should be reported in question 13
capital depreciation.

Select all that apply.

Help text:

Funds from this organization

Amount contributed by this organization to R&D performed within Canada (include interest payments and other income).

Federal government grants or funding

Funds from the federal government in support of R&D activities not connected to a specific contractual deliverable.

Federal government contracts

Funds from the federal government in support of R&D activities connected to a specific contractual deliverable.

Provincial or territorial government grants or funding

Funds from the provincial or territorial government in support of R&D activities not connected to a specific contractual deliverable.

Provincial or territorial government contracts

Funds from the provincial or territorial government in support of R&D activities connected to a specific contractual deliverable.

R&D contract work for private non-profit organizations

Funds received from non-profit organizations to perform R&D on their behalf.

Other sources

Funds received from all other sources not previously classified.

Response text:

Funds from this organization

Include interest payments, fundraising and other income.

Companies

Federal government grants or funding

Include R&D grants or funding or R&D portion only of other grants or funding.

Federal government contracts

Include R&D contracts or R&D portion only of other contracts.

Provincial or territorial government grants or funding

From which province or territory did this organization receive provincial or territorial government R&D grants or funding?

Select all that apply.

Newfoundland and Labrador
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Yukon
Northwest Territories
Nunavut

Provincial or territorial government contracts

From which province or territory did this organization receive provincial or territorial government R&D contracts?

Select all that apply.

Newfoundland and Labrador
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Yukon
Northwest Territories
Nunavut

Private non-profit organizations

Other sources

e.g., universities, foreign governments, individuals

20. In 2021, what were the sources of funds for this organization's total expenditures of [amount] for R&D performed in-house?

Exclude:

payments for R&D performed by others (e.g., funding grants or contracted out R&D expenditures), which should be reported in question 13
capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Funds from this organization

Amount contributed by this unit to R&D performed within Canada (include interest payments and other income).

Federal government grants or funding

Funds from the federal government in support of R&D activities not connected to a specific contractual deliverable.

Federal government contracts

Funds from the federal government in support of R&D activities connected to a specific contractual deliverable.

Provincial or territorial government grants or funding

Funds from the provincial or territorial government in support of R&D activities not connected to a specific contractual deliverable.

Provincial or territorial government contracts

Funds from the provincial or territorial government in support of R&D activities connected to a specific contractual deliverable.

R&D contract work for private non-profit organizations

Funds received from non-profit organizations to perform R&D on their behalf.

Other sources

Funds received from all other sources not previously classified.

In 2021, what were the sources of funds for this organization's total expenditures of [amount] for R&D performed in-house?
	Canada CAN$ '000	Foreign CAN$ '000
a. Funds from this organization Include interest payments, fundraising and other income.
b. Companies
c. Federal government grants or funding Include R&D grants or funding or R&D portion only of other grants or funding.
d. Federal government contracts Include R&D contracts or R&D portion only of other contracts.
Provincial or territorial government grants or funding
e. Newfoundland and Labrador
f. Prince Edward Island
g. Nova Scotia
h. New Brunswick
i. Quebec
j. Ontario
k. Manitoba
l. Saskatchewan
m. Alberta
n. British Columbia
o. Yukon
p. Northwest Territories
q. Nunavut
Provincial or territorial government contracts
r. Newfoundland and Labrador
s. Prince Edward Island
t. Nova Scotia
u. New Brunswick
v. Quebec
w. Ontario
x. Manitoba
y. Saskatchewan
z. Alberta
aa. British Columbia
ab. Yukon
ac. Northwest Territories
ad. Nunavut
Private non-profit organizations
ae. Organization 1 GST number (9-digit business number (BN) or charitable registration number): Organization name:
af. Organization 2 GST number (9-digit business number (BN) or charitable registration number): Organization name:
ag. Organization 3 GST number (9-digit business number (BN) or charitable registration number): Organization name:
ah. Other sources e.g., universities, foreign governments, individuals
2021 - Total in-house R&D expenditures by sources of funds by origin
2021 - Total in-house R&D expenditures (Canadian and foreign sources)
Total in-house R&D expenditures previously reported from question 8

Fields of research and development for in-house R&D expenditures within Canada in 2021

21. In 2021, how were this organization's total expenditures of [amount] for R&D performed in-house within Canada distributed by fields of research and development?

Exclude:

payments for R&D performed by others (e.g., funding, grants or contracted out R&D expenditures), which should be reported in question 13
capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Fields of research and development

Medical and health sciences

Basic medicine

Anatomy and morphology (plant science under Biological science), human genetics, immunology, neurosciences, pharmacology and pharmacy and medicinal chemistry, toxicology, physiology and cytology, pathology.

Clinical medicine

Andrology, obstetrics and gynaecology, paediatrics, cardiac and cardiovascular systems, haematology, anaesthesiology, orthopaedics, radiology and nuclear medicine, dentistry, oral surgery and medicine, dermatology, venereal diseases and allergy, rheumatology, endocrinology and metabolism and gastroenterology, urology and nephrology and oncology.

Health sciences

Health care sciences and nursing, nutrition and dietetics, infectious diseases and epidemiology, parasitology and occupational health.

Medical biotechnology

Health-related biotechnology, technologies involving the manipulation of cells, tissues, organs or the whole organism, technologies involving identifying the functioning of DNA, proteins and enzymes, pharmacogenomics, gene-based therapeutics, biomaterials (related to medical implants, devices, sensors).

Other medical sciences

Forensic science and other medical sciences.

Natural and formal sciences

mathematics

physical sciences
chemical sciences
earth and related environmental sciences
biological sciences
other natural sciences.

Engineering and technology

civil engineering
electrical engineering, electronic engineering and communications technology
mechanical engineering
chemical engineering
materials engineering
medical engineering
environmental engineering
environmental biotechnology
industrial biotechnology
nanotechnology
other engineering and technologies.

Software-related sciences and technologies

software engineering and technology
computer sciences
information technology and bioinformatics.

Agricultural sciences

agriculture, forestry and fisheries sciences
animal and dairy sciences
veterinary sciences
agricultural biotechnology
other agricultural sciences.

Social sciences and humanities

psychology
educational sciences
economics and business
other social sciences
humanities.

In 2021, how were this organization's total expenditures of [amount] for R&D performed in-house within Canada distributed by fields of research and development?
	CAN$ '000
Medical and health sciences
a. Basic medicine
b. Clinical medicine
c. Health sciences
d. Medical biotechnology
e. Other medical sciences
Total medical and health sciences
Other fields of research and development
f. Natural and formal sciences
g. Engineering and technology
h. Software-related sciences and technologies
i. Agricultural sciences
j. Social sciences and humanities
2021 - Total in-house R&D expenditures within Canada by field of research and development
Total in-house R&D expenditures previously reported from question 8

Nature of R&D for in-house R&D expenditures within Canada in 2021

22. In 2021, how were this organization's total expenditures of [amount] for R&D performed in-house within Canada distributed by nature of R&D?

Basic research is experimental or theoretical work undertaken primarily to acquire new knowledge of the underlying foundation of phenomena and observable facts, without any particular application or use in view.

Applied research is original investigation undertaken in order to acquire new knowledge. It is, however, directed primarily towards a specific, practical aim or objective.

Experimental development is systematic work, drawing on existing knowledge gained from research and practical experience and producing additional knowledge, which is directed to producing new products or processes or to improving existing products or processes.

(OECD. Frascati Manual: Proposed Standard for Surveys on Research and Experimental Development, 2015)

In 2021, how were this organization's total expenditures of [amount] for R&D performed in-house within Canada distributed by nature of R&D?
	Percentage of total in-house R&D expenditures
a. Basic research
b. Applied research
c. Experimental development
Total percentage Total should equal 100%

Results of R&D expenditures from 2019 to 2021

23. During the three (3) years 2019, 2020 and 2021, did this organization's total expenditures for R&D performed in-house and payments for R&D made within Canada or outside Canada lead to new or significant improvements to the following?

Goods

Goods developed through new knowledge from research discoveries include determination of effectiveness of existing treatment protocols, establishment of new treatment protocols (including diagnostic procedures, tests and protocols), and creation of new service delivery models and reference tools (including electronic applications).

During the three (3) years 2019, 2020 and 2021, did this organization's total expenditures for R&D performed in-house and payments for R&D made within or outside Canada lead to new or significant improvements to the following?
	Yes	No
a. Goods Include goods developed through new knowledge from research discoveries.
b. Services Include on-going knowledge transfer to physicians, first responders, patients and the general public.
c. Methods of manufacturing or producing goods and services
d. Logistics, delivery or distribution methods for this organization's inputs, goods or services
e. Supporting activities for this organization's processes, such as maintenance systems or operations for purchasing, accounting or computing

In-house R&D personnel in 2021

24. In 2022, how many in-house R&D personnel within Canada did this organization have in the following R&D occupations?

If this organization is unable to provide a gender breakdown of FTEs, please leave the associated fields empty and report only the totals.

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

R&D may be carried out by persons who work solely on R&D projects or by persons who devote only part of their time to R&D, and the balance to other activities such as testing, quality control and production engineering. To arrive at the total effort devoted to R&D in terms of personnel, it is necessary to estimate the full-time equivalent of these persons working only part-time in R&D.

Full-time equivalent (FTE) = Number of persons who work solely on R&D projects + the time of persons working only part of their time on R&D.

Example calculation: If out of four scientists engaged in R&D work, one works solely on R&D projects and the remaining three devote only one quarter of their working time to R&D, then: FTE = 1 + 1/4 + 1/4 + 1/4 = 1.75 scientists.

R&D personnel

Include:

permanent, temporary and casual R&D employees
independent on-site R&D consultants and contractors working in your organization's offices, laboratories, or other facilities
employees engaged in R&D -related support activities.

Researchers and research managers are composed of:

Scientists, social scientists, engineers and researchers are professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge. They conduct research and improve or develop concepts, theories, models, techniques instrumentation, software or operational methods. They may be certified by provincial or territorial educational authorities, provincial, territorial or national scientific or engineering associations.
Senior research managers plan or manage R&D projects and programs. They may be certified by provincial or territorial educational authorities, provincial, territorial or national scientific or engineering associations.
R&D technical, administrative and support staff are composed of:
Technicians and technologists and research assistants are persons whose main tasks require technical knowledge and experience in one or more fields of engineering, the physical and life sciences, or the social sciences, humanities and the arts. They participate in R&D by performing scientific and technical tasks involving the application of concepts, operational methods and the use of research equipment, normally under the supervision of researchers. They may be certified by provincial or territorial educational authorities, provincial, territorial or national scientific or engineering associations.
Other R&D technical, administrative support staff include skilled and unskilled craftsmen, and administrative, secretarial and clerical staff participating in R&D projects or directly associated with such projects.
On-site R&D consultants and contractors are individuals hired 1) to perform project-based work or to provide goods at a fixed or ascertained price or within a certain time or 2) to provide advice or services in a specialized field for a fee and, in both cases, work at the location specified and controlled by the contracting company or organization.

In 2021, how many in-house R&D personnel within Canada did this organization have in the following R&D occupations?
	Male (FTEs)	Female (FTEs)	Another gender (FTEs)	Total (FTEs)
Researchers and research managers
a. Scientists, social scientists, engineers and researchers Include software developers and programmers.
b. Senior research managers Total researchers and research managers
R&D technical, administrative and support staff
c. Technicians, technologists and research assistants Include software technicians.
d. Other R&D technical, administrative and support staff
Total R&D technical, administrative and support staff
Other R&D occupations
e. On-site R&D consultants and contractors
Total in-house R&D personnel within Canada

25. Of this organization's total in-house R&D personnel reported above, what percentage performed software-related activities?

Software-related sciences and technologies

Software engineering and technology: computer software engineering, computer software technology and other related computer software engineering and technologies.
Computer sciences: computer science, artificial intelligence, cryptography and other related computer sciences.
Information technology and bioinformatics: information technology, informatics, bioinformatics, biomathematics and other related information technologies.

Percentage of software-related activities:

26. In 2021, how were the [amount] total in-house R&D personnel distributed by province or territory?

Please report in full-time equivalents (FTE).

R&D personnel

Include:

permanent, temporary and casual R&D employees
independent on-site R&D consultants and contractors working in your organization's offices, laboratories, or other facilities
employees engaged in R&D-related support activities.

Researchers and research managers are composed of:

Scientists, social scientists, engineers and researchers are professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge. They conduct research and improve or develop concepts, theories, models, techniques instrumentation, software or operational methods. They may be certified by provincial or territorial educational authorities, provincial, territorial or national scientific or engineering associations.
Senior research managers plan or manage R&D projects and programs. They may be certified by provincial or territorial educational authorities, provincial, territorial or national scientific or engineering associations.

R&D technical, administrative and support staff are composed of:

Technicians and technologists and research assistants are persons whose main tasks require technical knowledge and experience in one or more fields of engineering, the physical and life sciences, or the social sciences, humanities and the arts. They participate in R&D by performing scientific and technical tasks involving the application of concepts, operational methods and the use of research equipment, normally under the supervision of researchers. They may be certified by provincial educational authorities, provincial or national scientific or engineering associations.
Other R&D technical, administrative support staff include skilled and unskilled craftsmen, and administrative, secretarial and clerical staff participating in R&D projects or directly associated with such projects.

On-site R&D consultants and contractors are individuals hired 1) to perform project-based work or to provide goods at a fixed or ascertained price or within a certain time or 2) to provide advice or services in a specialized field for a fee and, in both cases, work at the location specified and controlled by the contracting company or organization.

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

FTE (full-time equivalent) = Number of persons who work solely on R&D projects + the time of persons working only part of their time on R&D.

In 2021, how were the [amount] total in-house R&D personnel distributed by province or territory?
	Number of researchers and research managers	Number of R&D technical, administrative and support staff	Number of on-site R&D consultants and contractors
a. Newfoundland and Labrador
b. Prince Edward Island
c. Nova Scotia
d. New Brunswick
e. Quebec
f. Ontario
g. Manitoba
h. Saskatchewan
i. Alberta
j. British Columbia
k. Yukon
l. Northwest Territories
m. Nunavut
Total in-house R&D personnel within Canada
Total R&D personnel previously reported from question 24

Technology and technical assistance payments in 2021

27. In 2021, did this organization make or receive payments inside or outside Canada for the following technology and technical assistance?

Technology and technical assistance payments
Definitions (equivalent to the Canadian Intellectual Property Office - opens in a new browser window)

a. Patent

Government grant giving the right to exclude others from making, using or selling an invention.

b. Copyright

Legal protection for literary, artistic, dramatic or musical works, computer programs, performer's performances, sound recordings, and communication signals.

c. Trademark

A word, symbol or design, or combination of these, used to distinguish goods or services of one person or organization from those of others in the marketplace.

d. Industrial design

Legal protection against imitation of the shape, pattern, or ornamentation of an object.

e. Integrated circuit topography

Three-dimensional configurations of the elements and interconnections embodied in an integrated circuit product.

f. Original software

Computer programs and descriptive materials for both systems and applications. Original software can be created in-house or outsourced and includes packaged software with customization.

g. Packaged or off-the-shelf software

Packaged software purchased for organizational use and excludes software with customization.

h. Databases

Data files organized to permit effective access and use of the data.

In 2021, did this organization make or receive payments inside or outside Canada for the following technology and technical assistance?
	Made Payments	Received Payments	Both made and received payments	Not applicable
a. Patents
b. Copyrights
c. Trademarks
d. Industrial designs
e. Integrated circuit topography
f. Original software
g. Packaged or off-the-shelf software
h. Databases Useful life exceeding one year
i. Other technology and technical assistance Include technical assistance, industrial processes and know-how.

28. In 2021, how much did this organization pay to other organizations for technology and technical assistance?

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '1' for payments made between $1 and $999.

Technology and technical assistance payments
Definitions (equivalent to the Canadian Intellectual Property Office - opens in a new browser window)

a. Patent

Government grant giving the right to exclude others from making, using or selling an invention.

b. Copyright

Legal protection for literary, artistic, dramatic or musical works, computer programs, performer's performances, sound recordings, and communication signals.

c. Trademark

A word, symbol or design, or combination of these, used to distinguish goods or services of one person or organization from those of others in the marketplace.

d. Industrial design

Legal protection against imitation of the shape, pattern, or ornamentation of an object.

e. Integrated circuit topography

Three-dimensional configurations of the elements and interconnections embodied in an integrated circuit product.

f. Original software

Computer programs and descriptive materials for both systems and applications. Original software can be created in-house or outsourced and includes packaged software with customization.

g. Packaged or off-the-shelf software

Packaged software purchased for organizational use and excludes software with customization.

h. Databases

Data files organized to permit effective access and use of the data.

In 2021, how much did this organization pay to other organizations for technology and technical assistance?
	Payments made within Canada CAN$ '000	Payments made outside Canada CAN$ '000
Payments made to affiliated organizations
a. Patents
b. Copyrights
c. Trademarks
d. Industrial designs
e. Integrated circuit topography
f. Original software
g. Packaged or off-the-shelf software
h. Databases Useful life exceeding one year
i. Other technology and technical assistance Include technical assistance, industrial processes and know-how.
Total payments made to affiliated organizations
Payments made to other organizations, companies or individuals
j. Patents
k. Copyrights
l. Trademarks
m. Industrial designs
n. Integrated circuit topography
o. Original software
p. Packaged or off-the-shelf software
q. Databases Useful life exceeding one year
r. Other technology and technical assistance Include technical assistance, industrial processes and know-how.
Total payments made to other organizations, companies or individuals
Total payments made to other organizations for technology and technical assistance

29. In 2021, how much did this organization receive from other organizations for technology and technical assistance?

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.
Report '1' for payments received between $1 and $999.

Technology and technical assistance payments
Definitions (equivalent to the Canadian Intellectual Property Office - opens in a new browser window)

a. Patent

Government grant giving the right to Exclude others from making, using or selling an invention.

b. Copyright

Legal protection for literary, artistic, dramatic or musical works, computer programs, performer's performances, sound recordings, and communication signals.

c. Trademark

A word, symbol or design, or combination of these, used to distinguish goods or services of one person or organization from those of others in the marketplace.

d. Industrial design

Legal protection against imitation of the shape, pattern, or ornamentation of an object.

e. Integrated circuit topography

Three-dimensional configurations of the elements and interconnections embodied in an integrated circuit product.

f. Original software

Computer programs and descriptive materials for both systems and applications. Original software can be created in-house or outsourced and includes packaged software with customization.

g. Packaged or off-the-shelf software

Packaged software purchased for organizational use and excludes software with customization.

h. Databases

Data files organized to permit effective access and use of the data.

In 2021, how much did this organization receive from other organizations for technology and technical assistance?
	Payments received from within Canada CAN$ '000	Payments received from outside Canada CAN$ '000
Payments received from affiliated organizations
a. Patents
b. Copyrights
c. Trademarks
d. Industrial designs
e. Integrated circuit topography
f. Original software
g. Packaged or off-the-shelf software
h. Databases Useful life exceeding one year
i. Other technology and technical assistance Include technical assistance, industrial processes and know-how.
Total payments received from affiliated organizations
Payments received from other organizations, companies or individuals
j. Patents
k. Copyrights
l. Trademarks
m. Industrial designs
n. Integrated circuit topography
o. Original software
p. Packaged or off-the-shelf software
q. Databases Useful life exceeding one year
r. Other technology and technical assistance Include technical assistance, industrial processes and know-how.
Total payments received from other organizations, companies or individuals
Total payments received from other organizations for technology and technical assistance

Changes in R&D activities due to COVID-19

COVID-19 has resulted in major economic changes, as organizations reacted to a general shutdown that started in Canada in mid-March 2020.

30. As a result of COVID-19, has this organization made any changes in research and development (R&D) activities or expenditures in 2021?

Changes in in-house R&D expenditures due to COVID-19

31. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, did this organization modify its in-house R&D expenditures in Canada in 2021?

When precise figures are not available, please provide your best estimates.

Yes, increased in-house R&D expenditures

Please indicate the amount expenditures were increased from previously planned expenditures due to COVID-19.

CAN$ '000

Yes, decreased in-house R&D expenditures

Please indicate the amount expenditures were decreased from previously planned expenditures due to COVID-19.

CAN$ '000

No change in in-house R&D expenditures due to COVID-19
Do not know

COVID-19 related in-house R&D projects and sources of funds

32. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, did this organization perform in-house R&D on COVID-19 related R&D projects in 2021?

COVID-19 related R&D: e.g., R&D to create self-sterilizing work surfaces; R&D to develop a COVID-19 diagnostic test; R&D to adapt LEDs to UV for light-weight air purification system, etc.

Yes
No
Do not know

33. In 2021, how much funding did this organization receive from each of the following sources to undertake COVID-19 related in-house R&D projects?

Include self-funding.

Include COVID-19 related funds that have been applied for, which this organization hopes to receive.

When precise figures are not available, please provide your best estimates.

	Amount of funding received CAN$ '000
All funding for COVID-19 projects by source
a. Self-funded
b. Businesses
c. Federal government
d. Provincial and territorial government
e. Other private non-profit organizations e.g. universities colleges
f. Postsecondary institutions e.g. universities colleges
g. Other Canadian sources
h. Foreign sources
Total funding for COVID-19 related R&D projects

Changes in R&D personnel due to COVID-19

34. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, were there any net changes to the number of full-time equivalent (FTEs) R&D personnel employed or contracted in 2021 by this organization?

When precise figures are not available, please provide your best estimates.

Yes, increase in FTEs

How many more R&D personnel (FTE)s were hired or contracted due to COVID-19?

Number of full-time equivalents

Yes, decrease in FTEs

How many fewer R&D personnel (FTE)s were employed due to COVID-19?

Number of full-time equivalents

No change in R&D personnel due to COVID-19
Do not know

Changes in payments to other organizations for R&D due to COVID-19

35. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, did this organization modify its payments to other organizations for R&D in 2021?

When precise figures are not available, please provide your best estimates.

Yes, increased payments to other organizations for R&D

Please indicate the amount payments increased from previously planned payments due to COVID-19.

CAN$ '000

Yes, decreased payments to other organizations for R&D

Please indicate the amount payments decreased from previously planned payments due to COVID-19.

CAN$ '000

No change in payments made to other organizations for R&D due to COVID-19
Do not know

Notification of intent to web scrape

36. Does this business have a website?

Yes
Specify the business website address:
- e.g., www.example.gc.ca
No

Notification of intent to extract web data

Statistics Canada is piloting a web data extraction initiative, also known as web scraping, which uses software to search and compile publicly available data from organizational websites. As a result, we may visit the website for this organization to search for, and compile, additional information. This initiative should allow us to reduce the reporting burden on organizations, as well as produce additional statistical indicators to ensure that our data remain accurate and relevant.

We will do our utmost to ensure the data are collected in a manner that will not affect the functionality of the website. Any data collected will be used by Statistics Canada for statistical and research purposes only, in accordance with the agency's mandate.

Please visit Statistics Canada's web scraping initiative page for more information.

Please visit Statistics Canada's transparency and accountability page to learn more.

If you have any questions or concerns, please contact Statistics Canada Client Services, toll-free at 1-877-949-9492 (TTY: 1-800-363-7629) or by email at infostats@canada.ca. Additional information about this survey can be found by selecting the following link: Information for survey participants

Changes or events

37. Indicate any changes or events that affected the reported values for this business or organization, compared with the last reporting period.

Select all that apply.

Outsourcing of R&D project(s)
Initiation of new R&D project(s)
Completion of existing R&D project(s)
Major change in funding of R&D project(s) (loss of funding)
Major change in funding of R&D project(s) (increase in funding)
Organizational change that affected R&D activities (expansion, reduction, restructuring)
Economic change that affected R&D activities
Lack of availability of qualified R&D personnel
Other reason
- Specify the other changes or events:
No changes or events

Contact person

38. Statistics Canada may need to contact the person who completed this questionnaire for further information.

Is [Provided Given Names], [Provided Family Name] the best person to contact?

Who is the best person to contact about this questionnaire?

First name:
Last name:
Title:
Email address:
Telephone number (including area code):
Extension number (if applicable):
The maximum number of characters is 5.
Fax number (including area code):

Feedback

39. How long did it take to complete this questionnaire?

Include the time spent gathering the necessary information.

Hours:
Minutes:

40. Do you have any comments about this questionnaire?

FAIR data principles: What is FAIR?

Catalogue number: 892000062022002

Release date: May 24, 2022

This video will break down what it means to be FAIR in terms of data and metadata, and how each pillar of FAIR serves to guide data users and producers alike, as they navigate their way through the data journey, in order to gain maximum, long-term value.

Data journey step

Foundation

Data competency

Data stewardship
Metadata creation and use

Audience

Basic

Suggested prerequisites

N/A

Length

8:22

Cost

Free

Watch the video

FAIR data principles: What is FAIR? - Transcript

(The Statistics Canada symbol and Canada wordmark appear on screen with the title: “FAIR data principles: What is FAIR?”)

(Text on screen: FAIR data principles: What is FAIR? Delivering insight through data for a better Canada)

This video will break down what it means to be FAIR in terms of data and metadata, and how each pillar of FAIR serves to guide users and producers alike, as they navigate their way through the data journey, in order to gain maximum, long term value.

In this video, you will learn the answers to the following questions:

What are FAIR data principles?
Why are FAIR data important?

This diagram is a visual representation of the data journey from collecting the data to exploring, cleaning, describing and understanding the data. To analyzing the data and lastly to communicating with others the story the data tell.

FAIR data principles are relevant throughout every step of the data journey

FAIR data means data that are: Findable, that unique identifiers and metadata are used to help locate data quickly and efficiently.

It also means the data are Accessible, that they are available with the appropriate permissions and that metadata are freely available and can be accessed in a standardized way.

FAIR data are also Interoperable, in that by using standards, machine-readable data are exchanged and yield outputs for use in a readable and useful format.

All to ensure the data are Reusable. That metadata exist to describe the source, origin and destination of data and their usages in a standardized way, enabling the meaningful reuse of data over time and across disciplines. Let’s break that down a little…

The ultimate goal of FAIR is to use these principles as a set of guidelines for anyone wishing to enhance the reusability of their data. This is done by ensuring the data are Findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable.

Data and metadata that include unique identifiers help us search data catalogues to find information. For example, something as simple as “current weather in Whitehorse”, when typed into an internet search engine will yield multiple URLs. These URLs, or webpage links, are each made up of a string of unique identifiers which have been registered in the search engine’s data catalogue. And as a result, when clicked, these URLs will bring you to where you need to be in order to find the information you are looking for.

Once you have found your desired data through that unique identifier, in this case, the URL that offers to show you the weather in Whitehorse, you need to access them. Sometimes sources are freely available and sometimes, when you click on a link, you might be asked for the appropriate permissions, such as a user name and/or password. In the event you do not have the appropriate permissions, information or metadata should be freely available to explain to you what the data contain and how data might be accessed.

After you have access to the data, in this case, the current weather in Whitehorse, you might be interested to see if today’s weather is on par with previous years, or if it is currently colder or warmer than average. For that, you might want access to a file that possesses historical data. The way in which that file - located at point A - is formatted, must be understood and readable in order to be used by point B - your personal computer. This requires the exchange and interpretation of machine- readable information.

Machine-readable information includes the use of standardized:

Vocabularies, to provide a consistent way of describing data such as geographic names or numerical codes
Formats and applications including HTML, .CSV, JSON and others
APIs (Application Programming Interfaces), which allow one piece of software to freely and openly communicate with another

In order to feel comfortable reusing data, you need to know the origins of the data or where they came from, where they have been, and how they have been used in the past. This is called Provenance. Provenance is information about the source of the data ( there could be more than one) relative to where you are within a particular process. For example, if you are tasked with one step in the process, then provenance could be the list of all the people or machines that handled or manipulated the data before you. Then lineage would list all the transformations that occurred throughout those processes, like which records have been changed and how, which variables have been renamed, etc. Together, provenance and lineage help understand how the data came to be in their current form.

Metadata containing rich descriptions of provenance and lineage help to encourage:

Understanding where data have come from and what methodologies have been employed to produce them
Understanding the quality of the final product or the pedigree of its sources by detailing its relevance, completeness, accuracy, reputation and integrity.

Together, provenance and lineage provide the complete traceability of where data have resided and what processes have been performed on them over the course of their life, making them easier and safer to reuse.

So, back to our example of historical weather data for Whitehorse. First, you found the data, accessed them and then used them on your device of choice. Rich descriptions of the data that include information on how the data have been transformed and any data usage licensing now provide you with the needed information to combine these data with other data in order to reuse them based on your needs. Meaning, after accessing historical data for other cities, over a certain time frame, you can rank and compare Whitehorse to a set of other cities, in terms of being colder or warmer than average this year.

Now that the video is almost over, time for a knowledge check! How much do you remember about FAIR data? I’ll read the question aloud. Then after, pause the video while you make your selection. APIs (Application Programming Interfaces), which allow one piece of software to freely and openly communicate data with another, are an example of which FAIR principle that are…

Findable
Accessible
Interoperable
Reusable

The correct answer is 3 – Interoperability. APIs are an example of interoperability in that they facilitate the exchange and interpretation of machine-readable information from point A to point B.

FAIR data principles ensure data are:

Findable
Accessible
Interoperable
Reusable

FAIR data principles are important because they can be used as a guideline for anyone wishing to enhance the reusability of their data or wishing to develop a new reusable data product.

(The Canada Wordmark appears.)

This video will breakdown what it

means to be FAIR in terms of data and

metadata and how each pillar of FAIR

serves to guide users and producers

alike as they navigate their way

through the data journey in order

to gain maximum long term value.

In this video, you'll learn the

answers to the following questions.

What are FAIR data principles and why

are FAIR data principles important?

This diagram is a visual representation

of the data journey from collecting

the data to exploring, cleaning,

describing and understanding

the data to analyzing the data,

and lastly to communicating with

others the story the data tell.

FAIR data principles are relevant

throughout every step of the data journey.

FAIR data means data that are

findable that unique identifiers

and metadata are used to help locate

data quickly and efficiently.

It also means the data are accessible.

That they are available with the

appropriate permissions and that

metadata are freely available and can

be accessed in a standardized way.

FAIR data are interoperable and that by

using standards machine readable data

are exchanged and yield outputs for

use in a readable and useful format.

This is all to ensure that the

data are reusable.

That metadata exist to describe the source,

origin and destination of data,

and the usages in a standardized way,

enabling the meaningful reuse of data

over time and across disciplines.

Let's break that down a little.

The ultimate goal of FAIR is to

use these principles as a set of

guidelines for anyone wishing to

enhance the reusability of their data.

This is done by ensuring the

data are findable, accessible,

interoperable, and reusable.

Or in other words, FAIR.

Data and metadata that include

unique identifiers help us search

data catalogs to find information.

For example. Something as simple as

current weather and Whitehorse when

typed into an Internet search engine,

will yield multiple URLs.

These URLs or web page links are

each made up of a string of unique

identifiers which have been registered

in the search engines data catalog.

As a result, when clicked,

these URLs will bring you where

you need to be in order to find the

information you are looking for.

Once you have found your desired

data through that unique identifier,

in this case the URL that offers

to show you the weather and Whitehorse

you need to access them.

Sometimes sources are freely available

and sometimes when you click on a link,

you might be asked for the appropriate

permissions such as username,

password, etc.

In the event that you do not

have the appropriate permissions

information or metadata should

still be freely available to explain

to you what the data contain or

how the data might be accessed.

After you have access to the data,

in this case the current

weather and Whitehorse.

What did you think?

Please give us feedback so we can better provide content that suits our users' needs.

Why do we conduct this survey?

The purpose of this survey is to obtain information on the supply of, and demand for, energy in Canada. This information serves as an important indicator of Canadian economic performance, and is used by all levels of government in establishing informed policies in the energy area. In the case of public utilities, it is used by governmental agencies to fulfill their regulatory responsibilities. The private sector also uses this information in the corporate decision-making process.

Your information may also be used by Statistics Canada for other statistical and research purposes.

Your participation in this survey is required under the authority of the Statistics Act.

Other important information

Authorization to collect this information

Data are collected under the authority of the Statistics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, Chapter S-19.

Confidentiality

Record linkages

To enhance the data from this survey and to reduce the reporting burden, Statistics Canada may combine the acquired data with information from other surveys or from administrative sources.

Data-sharing agreements

For this survey, there are Section 11 agreements with the provincial and territorial statistical agencies of Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia, and the Yukon. The shared data will be limited to information pertaining to business establishments located within the jurisdiction of the respective province or territory.

Section 12 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with federal, provincial or territorial government organizations. Under Section 12, you may refuse to share your information with any of these organizations by writing a letter of objection to the Chief Statistician, specifying the organizations with which you do not want Statistics Canada to share your data and mailing it to the following address:

Chief Statistician of Canada
Statistics Canada
Attention of Director, Enterprise Statistics Division
150 Tunney's Pasture Driveway
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0T6

You may also contact us by email at statcan.esd-helpdesk-dse-bureaudedepannage.statcan@statcan.gc.ca or by fax at 613-951-6583.

For this survey, there are Section 12 agreements with the statistical agencies of Prince Edward Island, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut as well as with the Ontario Ministry of Energy, the Saskatchewan Ministry of the Economy, Alberta Energy, British Columbia Ministry of Natural Gas Development, British Columbia Ministry of Energy, Mines and Low Carbon Innovation, the Canada Energy Regulator, Natural Resources Canada and Environment and Climate Change Canada.

For agreements with provincial and territorial government organizations, the shared data will be limited to information pertaining to business establishments located within the jurisdiction of the respective province or territory.

Note that there is no right of refusal with respect to sharing the data with the Saskatchewan Ministry of the Economy for businesses also required to report under The Oil and Gas Conservation Act and Regulations (Saskatchewan) and The Mineral Resources Act (Saskatchewan).

The Saskatchewan Ministry of the Economy will use the information obtained from these businesses in accordance with the provisions of its Acts and Regulations.

Business or organization and contact information

1. Verify or provide the business or organization's legal and operating name and correct where needed.

Note: Legal name modifications should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

Legal Name

Modifications to the legal name should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

Operating Name

The operating name is a name the business or organization is commonly known as if different from its legal name. The operating name is synonymous with trade name.

Legal name
Operating name (if applicable)

2. Verify or provide the contact information of the designated business or organization contact person for this questionnaire and correct where needed.

Note: The designated contact person is the person who should receive this questionnaire. The designated contact person may not always be the one who actually completes the questionnaire.

First name
Last name
Title
Preferred language of communication
- English
- French
Mailing address (number and street)
City
Province, territory or state
Postal code or ZIPcode
Country
- Canada
- United States
Email address
Telephone number (including area code)
Extension number (if applicable)
The maximum number of characters is 5.
Fax number (including area code)

3. Verify or provide the current operational status of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

Operational
Not currently operational
Why is this business or organization not currently operational?
- Seasonal operations
  - When did this business or organization close for the season?
    - Date
  - When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
    - Date
- Ceased operations
  - When did this business or organization cease operations?
    - Date
  - Why did this business or organization cease operations?
    - Bankruptcy
    - Liquidation
    - Dissolution
    - Other - Specify the other reasons for ceased operations
- Sold operations
  - When was this business or organization sold?
    - Date
  - What is the legal name of the buyer?
- Amalgamated with other businesses or organizations
  - When did this business or organization amalgamate?
    - Date
  - What is the legal name of the resulting or continuing business or organization?
  - What are the legal names of the other amalgamated businesses or organizations?
- Temporarily inactive but will re-open
  - When did this business or organization become temporarily inactive?
    - Date
  - When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
    - Date
  - Why is this business or organization temporarily inactive?
- No longer operating due to other reasons
  - When did this business or organization cease operations?
    - Date
  - Why did this business or organization cease operations?

4. Verify or provide the current main activity of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

Note: The described activity was assigned using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

The following is the detailed description including any applicable examples or exclusions for the classification currently associated with this business or organization.

Industry classification
- Prefilled NAICS Description
Industry classification
- Description and examples
Industry classification
- Prefilled NAICS Description
This is the current main activity
- Provide a brief but precise description of this business or organization's main activity
  e.g., breakfast cereal manufacturing, shoe store, software development
This is not the current main activity

Main activity

5. You indicated that Industry classification is not the current main activity. Was this business or organization's main activity ever classified as: Industry classification ?

Yes
When did the main activity change?
Date
No

6. Search and select the industry classification code that best corresponds to this business or organization's main activity.

Select this business or organization's activity sector (optional)

Farming or logging operation
Construction company or general contractor
Manufacturer
Wholesaler
Retailer
Provider of passenger or freight transportation
Provider of investment, savings or insurance products
Real estate agency, real estate brokerage or leasing company
Provider of professional, scientific or technical services
Provider of health care or social services
Restaurant, bar, hotel, motel or other lodging establishment
Other sector

7. You have indicated that the current main activity of this business or organization is: Reported NAICS Are there any other activities that contribute significantly (at least 10%) to this business or organization's revenue?

Yes, there are other activities
No, that is the only significant activity

Provide a brief but precise description of this business or organization's secondary activity

e.g., breakfast cereal manufacturing, shoe store, software development

8. Approximately what percentage of this business or organization's revenue is generated by each of the following activities?

When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimates.

Approximately what percentage of this business or organization's revenue is generated by each of the following activities?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
	Percentage of revenue
Reported NAICS
Secondary NAICS
All other activities
Total percentage

Reporting period information

1. What are the start and end dates of this operation's most recently completed fiscal year?

Fiscal year start date
Fiscal year end date

2. What is the reason the reporting period does not cover a full year?

Select all that apply.

Seasonal operations
New business
Change of ownership
Temporarily inactive
Change of fiscal year
Ceased operations
Other
- Specify all other reasons the reporting period does not cover a full year

Operating revenue and expenses

1. What were the operating revenues and operating expenses of this business for the 2021 fiscal year?

Please consult the Gas Pipeline Uniform Accounting Regulations link for more information.

What were the operating revenues and operating expenses of this business for the 2021 fiscal year?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
	CAN$ '000
Operating revenue
Foreign sales
Canadian and other sales
Sales of products extracted from gas
Transportation and storage of gas for others
Other operating revenue
Total operating revenue
Operating expenses
Total gas supply
Transmission operations
Distribution
General operation and general administrative expenses
Maintenance expenses
Depreciation and amortization
Other expenses
Total operating expenses
Net revenue from operations
Other income
Income from affiliated companies
Other income
Extraordinary income
Total other income
Other deductions
Other income deductions
Extraordinary income deductions
Total other deductions
Fixed charges
Interest on long-term debt
Other fixed charges
Total fixed charges
Other
Provisions for income tax
Net income after taxes

In order to reduce future follow-up, please select one of the following options.

The amount reported for total operating revenue is significantly different than the total operating revenue reported last reporting period.

I confirm that all values are correct.
I am unable to confirm that all values are correct.

The amount reported for total operating expenses is significantly different than the total operating expenses reported last reporting period.

I confirm that all values are correct.
I am unable to confirm that all values are correct.

The amount reported for total other income is significantly different than the total other income reported last reporting period.

I confirm that all values are correct.
I am unable to confirm that all values are correct.

The amount reported for total other deductions is significantly different than the total other deductions reported last reporting period.

I confirm that all values are correct.
I am unable to confirm that all values are correct.

The amount reported for total fixed charges is significantly different than the total fixed charges reported last reporting period.

I confirm that all values are correct.
I am unable to confirm that all values are correct.

The amount reported for net income after taxes is significantly different than the net income after taxes reported last reporting period.

I confirm that all values are correct.
I am unable to confirm that all values are correct.

Assets

2. What are the assets, by the following categories, of this business in the 2021 fiscal year?

Please consult the Gas Pipeline Uniform Accounting Regulations link for more information.

What are the assets, by the following categories, of this business in the 2021 fiscal year?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
	CAN$ '000
Fixed assets
Net fixed assets
Investments
Total investments
Current assets
Cash on hand, in banks and temporary cash investments
Accounts receivable less allowances for doubtful accounts
Plant, material and operating supplies
Other current assets, material and supplies and prepaid expenses
Gas stored underground available for sale and transmission line pack gas
Total current assets
Other
Deferred debits
Total assets

Operating expenses supplementary statement - producing operation

3. Provide the producing operation breakdown of the "en")},Total expenses reported , "en")} total operating expense accounts previously reported.

Operating expense accounts excludes gas supply.

Please consult the Gas Pipeline Uniform Accounting Regulations link for more information.

Provide the producing operation breakdown of the "en")},Total expenses reported , "en")} total operating expense accounts previously reported.
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
	Current (CAN$ '000)	Repairs (CAN$ '000)
Producing operation
Salaries and wages
Fuel and electricity
Materials and supplies
Payments to contractors
Purchased services
Other producing operation expense
Total producing operation expenses
Trunk pipeline
Salaries and wages
Fuel and electricity
Materials and supplies
Payments to contractors
Purchased services
Other trunk pipeline operating expenses
Total operating expenses, trunk pipeline
Gas distribution
Salaries and wages
Fuel and electricity
Materials and supplies
Payments to contractors
Purchased services
Other gas distribution operating expenses
Total operating expenses, gas distribution

In order to reduce future follow-up, please select one of the following options.

The amount reported for total producing operation expenses in the current column is significantly different than the total producing operation expenses reported last reporting period.

I confirm that all values are correct.
I am unable to confirm that all values are correct.

The amount reported for total producing operation expenses in the repairs column is significantly different than the total producing operation expenses reported last reporting period.

I confirm that all values are correct.
I am unable to confirm that all values are correct.

The amount reported for total operating expenses, trunk pipeline in the current column is significantly different than the total operating expenses, trunk pipeline reported last reporting period.

I confirm that all values are correct.
I am unable to confirm that all values are correct.

The amount reported for total operating expenses, trunk pipeline in the current column is significantly different than the total operating expenses, trunk pipeline reported last reporting period.

I confirm that all values are correct.
I am unable to confirm that all values are correct.

The amount reported for total operationg expenses, gas distribution in the current column is significantly different than the total operationg expenses, gas distribution reported last reporting period.

I confirm that all values are correct.
I am unable to confirm that all values are correct.

The amount reported for total operating expenses, gas distribution in the repairs column is significantly different than the total operating expenses, gas distribution reported last reporting period.

I confirm that all values are correct.
I am unable to confirm that all values are correct.

Payroll statistics

4. What are the payroll statistics of this business for the 2021 fiscal year?

Please consult the Gas Pipeline Uniform Accounting Regulations link for more information.

What are the payroll statistics of this business for the 2021 fiscal year?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
	Total number of employees Your fiscal year end	Salaries and wages for the year CAN$ '000
Management
Gas supply
Transmission
Distribution
Sales
Administration
Total ─ management
Wage earners
Gas supply
Transmission
Distribution
Sales
Administration
Total ─ wage earners
Total employment, salaries and wages

In order to reduce future follow-up, please select one of the following options.

The salaries and wages reported for management is significantly different than the salaries and wages reported last reporting period.

I confirm that all values are correct.
I am unable to confirm that all values are correct.

The salaries and wages reported for wage earners is significantly different than the salaries and wages reported last reporting period.

I confirm that all values are correct.
I am unable to confirm that all values are correct.

Method of collection

5. Indicate whether you will be answering the remaining questions or attaching files with the required information.

Answering the remaining questions
Attaching files

Line types

6. During the 2021 fiscal year, which of the following line types did this company operate?

Parallel lines are defined as pipelines which occupy the same right-of-way as the main line or right-of-way adjacent to and essentially parallel with the main line, and which have an independent pressure source and through which the product carried has a common origin and destination.

Loops are defined as pipelines which occupy the same right-of-way as the main line, or right-of-way immediately adjacent to and parallel with the main line, and which are not completely independent of the main line for a pressure source, and through which the product carried has a common origin and destination.

Select all that apply.

Field and gathering lines
Transmission main lines
Transmission parallel lines and loops
Steel supply and distribution lines
Plastic supply and distribution lines
None of the above

Locations

7. Which of the following provinces or territories did this operation use the following line types?

Select all that apply.

Field and gathering lines

Newfoundland and Labrador
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Yukon
Northwest Territories
Nunavut

Transmission main lines

Newfoundland and Labrador
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Yukon
Northwest Territories
Nunavut

Transmission parallel lines and loops

Newfoundland and Labrador
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Yukon
Northwest Territories
Nunavut

Steel supply and distribution lines

Newfoundland and Labrador
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Yukon
Northwest Territories
Nunavut

Plastic supply and distribution lines

Newfoundland and Labrador
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Yukon
Northwest Territories
Nunavut

Field and gathering lines

8. Please provide the length of the field and gathering lines for the following provinces or territories.

Please provide the length of the field and gathering lines for the following provinces or territories.
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
	Length of pipeline in kilometres
Newfoundland and Labrador
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Newfoundland and Labrador
Prince Edward Island
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in New Brunswick
Quebec
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Quebec
Ontario
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Ontario
Manitoba
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Saskatchewan
Alberta
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Alberta
British Columbia
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in British Columbia
Yukon
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Yukon
Northwest Territories
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Northwest Territories
Nunavut
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Nunavut

Transmission main lines

9. Please provide the length of the transmission main lines for the following provinces or territories.

Please provide the length of the transmission main lines for the following provinces or territories.
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
	Length of pipeline in kilometres
Newfoundland and Labrador
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Newfoundland and Labrador
Prince Edward Island
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in New Brunswick
Quebec
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Quebec
Ontario
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Ontario
Manitoba
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Saskatchewan
Alberta
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Alberta
British Columbia
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in British Columbia
Yukon
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Yukon
Northwest Territories
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Northwest Territories
Nunavut
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Nunavut

Transmission parallel lines and loops

10. Please provide the length of the transmission parallel lines and loops for the following provinces or territories.

Please provide the length of the transmission parallel lines and loops for the following provinces or territories.
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
	Length of pipeline in kilometres
Newfoundland and Labrador
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Newfoundland and Labrador
Prince Edward Island
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in New Brunswick
Quebec
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Quebec
Ontario
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Ontario
Manitoba
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Saskatchewan
Alberta
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Alberta
British Columbia
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in British Columbia
Yukon
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Yukon
Northwest Territories
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Northwest Territories
Nunavut
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Nunavut

Steel supply and distribution lines

11. Please provide the length of the steel supply and distribution lines for the following provinces or territories.

Please provide the length of the steel supply and distribution lines for the following provinces or territories.
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
	Length of pipeline in kilometres
Newfoundland and Labrador
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Newfoundland and Labrador
Prince Edward Island
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in New Brunswick
Quebec
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Quebec
Ontario
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Ontario
Manitoba
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Saskatchewan
Alberta
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Alberta
British Columbia
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in British Columbia
Yukon
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Yukon
Northwest Territories
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Northwest Territories
Nunavut
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Nunavut

Plastic supply and distribution lines

12. Please provide the length of the plastic supply and distribution lines for the following provinces or territories.

Please provide the length of the plastic supply and distribution lines for the following provinces or territories.
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
	Length of pipeline in kilometres
Newfoundland and Labrador
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Newfoundland and Labrador
Prince Edward Island
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in New Brunswick
Quebec
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Quebec
Ontario
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Ontario
Manitoba
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Saskatchewan
Alberta
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Alberta
British Columbia
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in British Columbia
Yukon
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Yukon
Northwest Territories
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Northwest Territories
Nunavut
Outside diameter of pipe: 0 in to 3 in (0 mm to 75 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 3 in to 6 in (76 mm to 150 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 6 in to 9 in (151 mm to 226 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 9 in to 13 in (227 mm to 328 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 13 in to 21 in (329 mm to 531 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 21 in to 42 in (532 mm to 1050 mm)
Outside diameter of pipe: more than 42 in (more than 1050 mm)
Total kilometres in Nunavut

Compressor stations

13. In which provinces does this operation have compressor stations?

Select all that apply.

Newfoundland and Labrador

Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over

Prince Edward Island

Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over

Nova Scotia

Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over

New Brunswick

Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over

Quebec

Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over

Ontario

Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over

Manitoba

Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over

Saskatchewan

Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over

Alberta

Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over

British Columbia

Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over

Yukon

Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over

Northwest Territories

Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over
Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over

Nunavut

Provide the number of compressor stations within each applicable range below.
- 1 to 5000 horsepower
- 5001 to 10,000 horsepower
- 10,001 to 20,000 horsepower
- 20,001 horsepower or over

Attach files

14. Please attach the files that will provide the information required for the Annual Natural Gas Financial Survey (NGFS). The following questions are related to pipeline length, line type and compressor stations. Please Indicate whether you will be answering the remaining questions or attaching files with the required information.

Please attach supplementary data related to pipeline length, diameter, capacity and/or the horsepower used to move product in the pipeline.

In May 2022, the following questions measuring the Labour Market Indicators were added to the Labour Force Survey as a supplement.

Question wording within the collection application is controlled dynamically based on responses provided throughout the survey.

Labour Market Indicators

WFH_Q01 / EQ 1- At the present time, in which of the following locations does (respondent's name/this person) usually work as part of (his/her/their) main job or business?

WFH_Q03 / EQ 2 - Among those locations, where does (respondent's name/this person) usually work the most hours?

CCOMM_Q01 / EQ 3 - What modes of commuting does (respondent's name/this person) usually use to get to work (when working outside the home)?

CCOMM_Q02 / EQ 4 - What main mode of commuting does (respondent's name/this person) usually use to get to work (when working outside the home)?

CCOMM_Q03 /EQ 5 - How many workers, including this person, usually ride in this car, truck or van to work?

CCOMM_Q04 / EQ 6 - How many minutes does this person's trip to work usually last?

CCOMM_Q05 / EQ 7 - In (respondent's name/this person) main job or business, (do/does) (he/she/they) have freedom to choose where to work?

WFH_Q02 / EQ 8 - Last week, what proportion of (his/her/their) work hours did (respondent's name/this person) work at home as part of (his/her/their) main job or business?

BEN_Q01 / EQ 9 - Over the last month, that is since (previous month) 15 to today, has (respondent's name/this person) received a payment for any of the following types of benefits?

Monthly Survey of Manufacturing: National Level CVs by Characteristic - March 2022

National Level CVs by Characteristic
Table summary
This table displays the results of Monthly Survey of Manufacturing: National Level CVs by Characteristic. The information is grouped by Month from March 2021 to March 2022 (appearing as row headers), and Sales of goods manufactured, Raw materials and components inventories, Goods / work in process inventories, Finished goods manufactured inventories and Unfilled Orders, calculated in percentage (appearing as column headers).
Month	Sales of goods manufactured	Raw materials and components inventories	Goods / work in process inventories	Finished goods manufactured inventories	Unfilled Orders
Month	%
March 2021	0.71	1.02	1.51	1.70	1.46
April 2021	0.78	1.04	1.58	1.75	1.44
May 2021	0.79	1.02	1.60	1.69	1.53
June 2021	0.75	1.01	1.51	1.69	1.45
July 2021	0.79	1.05	1.46	1.69	1.45
August 2021	0.74	1.04	1.53	1.81	1.50
September 2021	0.79	1.03	1.54	1.83	1.41
October 2021	0.76	1.03	1.52	1.73	1.46
November 2021	0.73	1.00	1.62	1.57	1.34
December 2021	0.75	1.01	1.81	1.56	1.46
January 2022	0.78	1.11	1.82	1.80	1.42
February 2022	0.73	1.11	1.65	1.72	1.34
March 2022	0.71	1.09	1.54	1.62	1.45

Monthly Survey of Manufacturing: National Weighted Rates by Source and Characteristic - March 2022

National Weighted Rates by Source and Characteristic - March 2022
Table summary
The information is grouped by Sales of goods manufactured, Raw materials and components, Goods / work in process, Finished goods manufactured, Unfilled Orders, Capacity utilization rates (appearing as row headers), and Data source as the first row of column headers, then Response or edited, and Imputed as the second row of column headers, calculated by percentage.
	Response or edited	Imputed
	Data source
	%
Sales of goods manufactured	87.5	12.5
Raw materials and components	71.3	28.7
Goods / work in process	76.1	23.9
Finished goods manufactured	71.8	28.2
Unfilled Orders	79.1	20.9
Capacity utilization rates	62.5	37.5

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Date modified:: 2025-04-22

Extracting Temporal Trends from Satellite Images

Motivation

Main results: Visualization of FPCA-based extracted features

Overview of FPCA-based feature extraction procedure

The training data

Functional principal component analysis

General procedure to apply FPCA to time series data

FPCA-based feature extraction workflow

The computed functional principal components

The first two FPC scores of the training data

Sanity check: approximation of original training time series via FPCA

Future work

References

Integrated Business Statistics Program (IBSP)

Reporting Guide

Your answers are confidential.

Table of contents

Reporting instructions

Definitions

Farm operating revenue and expenses

Reporting period information

Characteristics of the operators and operation

Legal operating arrangement

Land use

Cropland

Capital investments

Capital sales

Farm assets of this operation

Livestock and poultry assets

Farm debt outstanding

Custom or contract feeding

Wages and salaries

Farm operating revenue

Farm operating expenses

Financial information for sources other than this operation

On-farm innovation

Wholesale Trade Survey (monthly): CVs for total sales by geography - March 2022

Why are we conducting this survey?

Other important information

Business or organization and contact information

Main activity

Reporting period

Organization status

In-house research and development ( R&D ) expenditures

In-house research and development ( R&D ) expenditures

Payments for R&D performed by other organizations

Summary of R&D expenditures from 2021 to 2023

Geographic distribution of in-house R&D expenditures within Canada in 2021

Sources of funds for in-house R&D expenditures in 2021

Fields of research and development for in-house R&D expenditures within Canada in 2021

Nature of R&D for in-house R&D expenditures within Canada in 2021

Results of R&D expenditures from 2019 to 2021

In-house R&D personnel in 2021

Technology and technical assistance payments in 2021

Changes in R&D activities due to COVID-19

Changes in in-house R&D expenditures due to COVID-19

COVID-19 related in-house R&D projects and sources of funds

Changes in R&D personnel due to COVID-19

Changes in payments to other organizations for R&D due to COVID-19

Notification of intent to web scrape

Notification of intent to extract web data

Changes or events

Contact person

Feedback

FAIR data principles: What is FAIR?

Watch the video

FAIR data principles: What is FAIR? - Transcript

FAIR data principles are relevant throughout every step of the data journey

What did you think?

Why do we conduct this survey?

Other important information

Business or organization and contact information

Main activity

Reporting period information

Operating revenue and expenses

Assets

Operating expenses supplementary statement - producing operation

Payroll statistics

Method of collection

Line types