Why are we conducting this survey?

This survey is conducted by Statistics Canada in order to collect the necessary information to support the Integrated Business Statistics Program (IBSP). This program combines various survey and administrative data to develop comprehensive measures of the Canadian economy. This survey collects data essential for the statistical analysis of the passenger bus industry and its impact on the Canadian economy.

Your information may also be used by Statistics Canada for other statistical and research purposes.

Your participation in this survey is required under the authority of the Statistics Act.

Other important information

Authorization to collect this information

Data are collected under the authority of the Statistics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, Chapter S-19.

Confidentiality

By law, Statistics Canada is prohibited from releasing any information it collects that could identify any person, business or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent, or as permitted by the Statistics Act. Statistics Canada will use the information from this survey for statistical purposes only.

Record linkages

To enhance the data from this survey and to reduce the response burden, Statistics Canada may combine the acquired data with information from other surveys or from administrative sources.

Data-sharing agreements

To reduce the response burden, Statistics Canada has entered into data-sharing agreements with provincial and territorial statistical agencies and other government organizations, which have agreed to keep the data confidential and use them only for statistical purposes. Statistics Canada will only share data from this survey with those organizations that have demonstrated a requirement to use the data.

Section 11 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with provincial and territorial statistical agencies that meet certain conditions. These agencies must have the legislative authority to collect the same information, on a mandatory basis, and the legislation must provide substantially the same provisions for confidentiality and penalties for disclosure of confidential information as the Statistics Act. Because these agencies have the legal authority to compel businesses to provide the same information, consent is not requested and businesses may not object to the sharing of the data.

For this survey, there are Section 11 agreements with the provincial and territorial statistical agencies of Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia and the Yukon. The shared data will be limited to information pertaining to business establishments located within the jurisdiction of the respective province or territory.

Section 12 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with federal, provincial or territorial government organizations.

Under Section 12, you may refuse to share your information with any of these organizations by writing a letter of objection to the Chief Statistician, specifying the organizations with which you do not want Statistics Canada to share your data, and mailing it to the following address:

Chief Statistician of Canada
Statistics Canada
Attention of Director, Enterprise Statistics Division
150 Tunney's Pasture Driveway
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0T6

You may also contact us by email at statcan.esdhelpdesk-dsebureaudedepannage.statcan@statcan.gc.ca  or by fax at 613-951-6583.

For this survey, there are Section 12 agreements with the Quebec Department of Transport and the Ontario Ministry of Transportation.

For agreements with provincial and territorial government organizations, the shared data will be limited to information pertaining to business establishments located within the jurisdiction of the respective province or territory.

There is also a Section 12 agreement with Transport Canada. Federally-regulated carriers under the authority of the Canada Transportation Act (CTA) and pursuant to the Transportation Information Regulations do not have the right to object to sharing their information with Transport Canada. Carriers which are not federally regulated may object to sharing their information with Transport Canada by writing to the Chief Statistician. Transport Canada will use the information obtained from federally-regulated carriers in accordance with the provisions of the CTA and Regulations.

Statistics Canada will also share your information under Section 12 of the Statistics Act with Infrastructure Canada, unless you refuse.

Business or organization and contact information

1. Verify or provide the business or organization's legal and operating name, and correct information if needed.

Note: Legal name should only be modified to correct a spelling error or typo.

Legal name

The legal name is one recognized by law, thus it is the name liable for pursuit or for debts incurred by the business or organization. In the case of a corporation, it is the legal name as fixed by its charter or the statute by which the corporation was created.

Modifications to the legal name should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

To indicate a legal name of another legal entity you should instead indicate it in question 3 by selecting "Not currently operational" and then choosing the applicable reason and providing the legal name of this other entity along with any other requested information.

Operating name

The operating name is a name the business or organization is commonly known as if different from its legal name. The operating name is synonymous with trade name.

• Legal name
• Operating name (if applicable)

2. Verify or provide the contact information for the designated contact person for the business or organization, and correct information if needed.

Note: The designated contact person is the person who should receive this questionnaire. The designated contact person may not always be the one who actually completes the questionnaire.

  • First name
  • Last name
  • Title
  • Preferred language of communication
    • English
    • French
  • Mailing address (number and street)
  • City
  • Province, territory or state
  • Postal code or ZIP (Zone Improvement Plan) code
  • Country
    • Canada
    • United States
  • Email address
  • Telephone number (including area code)
  • Extension number (if applicable)
  • Fax number (including area code)

3. Verify or provide the current operational status of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

  • Operational
  • Not currently operational - e.g., temporarily or permanently closed, change of ownership
    Why is this business or organization not currently operational?
    • Seasonal operations
      • When did this business or organization close for the season?
        • Date
      • When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
        • Date
    • Ceased operations
      • When did this business or organization cease operations?
        • Date
      • Why did this business or organization cease operations?
        • Bankruptcy
        • Liquidation
        • Dissolution
        • Other - Specify the other reasons why operations ceased
    • Sold operations
      • When was this business or organization sold?
        • Date
      • What is the legal name of the buyer?
    • Amalgamated with other businesses or organizations
      • When did this business or organization amalgamate?
        • Date
      • What is the legal name of the resulting or continuing business or organization?
      • What are the legal names of the other amalgamated businesses or organizations?
    • Temporarily inactive but expected to reopen
      • When did this business or organization become temporarily inactive?
        • Date
      • When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
        • Date
      • Why is this business or organization temporarily inactive?
    • No longer operating because of other reasons
      • When did this business or organization cease operations?
        • Date
      • Why did this business or organization cease operations?

4. Verify or provide the current main activity of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

Note: The described activity was assigned using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

This question verifies the business or organization's current main activity as classified by the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) is an industry classification system developed by the statistical agencies of Canada, Mexico and the United States. Created against the background of the North American Free Trade Agreement, it is designed to provide common definitions of the industrial structure of the three countries and a common statistical framework to facilitate the analysis of the three economies. NAICS is based on supply-side or production-oriented principles, to ensure that industrial data, classified to NAICS, are suitable for the analysis of production-related issues such as industrial performance.

The target entity for which NAICS is designed are businesses and other organizations engaged in the production of goods and services. They include farms, incorporated and unincorporated businesses and government business enterprises. They also include government institutions and agencies engaged in the production of marketed and non-marketed services, as well as organizations such as professional associations and unions and charitable or non-profit organizations and the employees of households.

The associated NAICS should reflect those activities conducted by the business or organizational units targeted by this questionnaire only, as identified in the "Answering this questionnaire" section and which can be identified by the specified legal and operating name. The main activity is the activity which most defines the targeted business or organization's main purpose or reason for existence. For a business or organization that is for-profit, it is normally the activity that generates the majority of the revenue for the entity.

The NAICS classification contains a limited number of activity classes; the associated classification might be applicable for this business or organization even if it is not exactly how you would describe this business or organization's main activity.

Please note that any modifications to the main activity through your response to this question might not necessarily be reflected prior to the transmitting of subsequent questionnaires and as a result they may not contain this updated information.

The following is the detailed description including any applicable examples or exclusions for the classification currently associated with this business or organization.

Description and examples

  • This is the current main activity
  • This is not the current main activity

Provide a brief but precise description of this business or organization's main activity.

e.g., breakfast cereal manufacturing, shoe store, software development

Main activity

5. You indicated that _ is not the current main activity. Was this business or organization's main activity ever classified as _ ?

  • Yes

When did the main activity change?

  • Date
  • No

Reporting period information

1. What is the start and end date of this business or organization's reporting period for MM-YYYY ?

Start date

End date

2. What is the reason the reporting period does not cover at least 28 days?

Select all that apply.

  • Seasonal operations
  • New business
  • Change of ownership
  • Temporarily inactive
  • Change of fiscal year
  • Ceased operations
  • Other - Specify other reason the reporting period does not cover at least 28 days

Operating information

1. What were the total operating revenues?

Exclude subsidies.

  • CAN$

2. What was the total number of passengers?

  • Number of passengers

Attach Files

1. If you have revisions to previous months' data, you can now attach up to five files by following the instructions provided below.

To attach files 

  • Press the Attach files button.
  • Choose the file to attach. Multiple files can be attached.

Note: 

  • Each file must not exceed 5 MB.
  • All attachments combined must not exceed 50 MB.
  • The name and size of each file attached will be displayed on the page.

Changes or events

1. Indicate any changes or events that affected the reported values for this business or organization, compared with the last reporting period.

Select all that apply.

  • Strike or lock-out
    • How many days in _ was this business or organization open?
  • Exchange rate impact
  • Price changes in goods or services sold
  • Contracting out
  • Organizational change
  • Price changes in labour or raw materials
  • Natural disaster
    • How many days in _ was this business or organization open?
  • Recession
  • Change in product line
  • Sold business or business units
  • Expansion
  • New or lost contract
  • Plant closures
    • How many days in _ was this business or organization open?
  • Acquisition of business or business units
  • Other
    • Specify the other change or event
  • No changes or events

Contact person

2. Statistics Canada may need to contact the person who completed this questionnaire for further information.

Is the provided given name and the provided family name the best person to contact?

  • Yes
  • No

Who is the best person to contact about this questionnaire?

  • First name
  • Last name
  • Title
  • Email address
  • Telephone number (including area code)
  • Extension number (if applicable)
  • Fax number (including area code)

Feedback

3. How long did it take to complete this questionnaire?

Include the time spent gathering the necessary information.

Hours:

Minutes:

4. Do you have any comments about this questionnaire?

Enter your comments

Retail Trade Survey (Monthly): CVs for total sales by geography - November 2022

CVs for Total sales by geography
This table displays the results of Retail Trade Survey (monthly): CVs for total sales by geography – November 2022. The information is grouped by Geography (appearing as row headers), Month and Percent (appearing as column headers)
Geography Month
202211
%
Canada 0.6
Newfoundland and Labrador 1.9
Prince Edward Island 0.9
Nova Scotia 2.2
New Brunswick 1.8
Quebec 1.4
Ontario 1.0
Manitoba 1.2
Saskatchewan 3.0
Alberta 1.6
British Columbia 1.6
Yukon Territory 2.3
Northwest Territories 1.9
Nunavut 1.7

Integrated Business Statistics Program (IBSP)

This guide is designed to assist you as you complete the 2022 Annual Wholesale Trade Survey. If you need more information, please call the Statistics Canada Help Line at the number below.

Help Line: 1-800-858-7921

Your answers are confidential.

Statistics Canada is prohibited by law from releasing any information it collects which could identify any person, business, or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent or as permitted by the Statistics Act.

Statistics Canada will use information from this survey for statistical purposes.

Table of contents

Reporting instructions

1. Please print in ink.

2. Please report all dollar amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars ('000 CAN$).

3. Do not include sales tax

4. All dollar amounts reported should be rounded to the nearest whole dollar (e.g., $55,417.40 should be rounded to $55,417). All percentages reported should be rounded to the nearest whole percent (e.g., 37.3% to 37%, 75.8% to 76%).

5. When precise figures are not available, please provide your best estimates.

Business or organization and contact information

This section verifies or requests basic identifying information of the business or organization such as legal name, operating name (if applicable), contact information of the designated contact person, current operational status, and main activity(ies).

1. Legal name and Operating name

Legal Name
The legal name is one recognized by law, thus it is the name liable for pursuit or for debts incurred by the business or organization. In the case of a corporation, it is the legal name as fixed by its charter or the statute by which the corporation was created.

Modifications to the legal name should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

To indicate a legal name of another legal entity you should instead indicate it in question 3 by selecting 'Not currently operational' and then choosing the applicable reason and providing the legal name of this other entity along with any other requested information.

Operating Name
The operating name is a name the business or organization is commonly known as if different from its legal name. The operating name is synonymous with the trade name.

2. Designated contact person

Verify or provide the requested contact information of the designated business or organization contact person. The designated contact person is the person who should receive this questionnaire. The designated contact person may not always be the one who actually completes the questionnaire. If different than the designated contact person, the contact information of the person completing the questionnaire can be indicated later in the questionnaire.

3. Current operational status

Verify or provide the current operational status of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name in question 1. If indicating the operational status of the business or organization is 'Not currently operational' then indicate an applicable reason and provide the requested information.

4. Main activity

This question verifies the business or organization's current main activity as classified by the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) is an industry classification system developed by the statistical agencies of Canada, Mexico and the United States. Created against the background of the North American Free Trade Agreement, it is designed to provide common definitions of the industrial structure of the three countries and a common statistical framework to facilitate the analysis of the three economies. NAICS is based on supply-side or production-oriented principles, to ensure that industrial data, classified to NAICS, are suitable for the analysis of production-related issues such as industrial performance.

The target entity for which NAICS is designed are businesses and other organizations engaged in the production of goods and services. They include farms, incorporated and unincorporated businesses and government business enterprises. They also include government institutions and agencies engaged in the production of marketed and non-marketed services, as well as organizations such as professional associations and unions and charitable or non-profit organizations and the employees of households.

The associated NAICS should reflect those activities conducted by the business or organizational unit(s) targeted by this questionnaire only, as identified in the 'Answering this questionnaire' section and which can be identified by the specified legal and operating name. The main activity is the activity which most defines the targeted business or organization's main purpose or reason for existence. For a business or organization that is for-profit, it is normally the activity that generates the majority of the revenue for the entity.

The NAICS classification contains a limited number of activity classifications; the associated classification might be applicable for this business or organization even if it is not exactly how you would describe this business or organization's main activity.

Please note that any modifications to the main activity through your response to this question might not necessarily be reflected prior to the transmitting of subsequent questionnaires and as a result they may not contain this updated information.

If the current NAICS associated with this business or organizations is not correct, please provide a brief description of the main activity and provide any additional information as requested.

Reporting period information

For this survey, please report information for this business's most recent 12 month fiscal period

Note: For this survey, the End date should fall between April 1, 2022 and March 31, 2023.

Here are examples of common fiscal periods that fall within the required dates:

  • May 1, 2021 to April 30, 2022
  • June 1, 2021 to May 31, 2022
  • July 1, 2021 to June 30, 2022
  • August 1, 2021 to July 31, 2022
  • September 1, 2021 to August 31, 2022
  • October 1, 2021 to September 30, 2022
  • November 1, 2021 to October 31, 2022
  • December 1, 2021 to November 30, 2022
  • January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022
  • February 1, 2022 to January 31, 2023
  • March 1, 2022 to February 28, 2023
  • April 1, 2022 to March 31, 2023

Here are other examples of fiscal periods that fall within the required dates:

  • September 18, 2021 to September 15, 2022 (e.g., floating year-end)
  • June 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022 (e.g., a newly opened business)

Revenue

1. Sales of goods and services (e.g., fees, admissions, services revenue)

Sales of goods and services are defined as amounts derived from the sale of goods and services (cash or credit), falling within a business's ordinary activities. Sales should be reported net of trade discount, value added tax and other taxes based on sales.
Include: Sales from Canadian locations (domestic and export sales); Transfers to other business units or a head office of your firm.
Exclude: Transfers into inventory and consignment sales; Federal, provincial and territorial sales taxes and excise duties and taxes; intracompany sales in consolidated financial statements.

2. Rental and leasing

Include: Rental or leasing of apartments, commercial buildings, land, office space, residential housing, investments in co-tenancies and co-ownerships, hotel or motel rooms, long and short term vehicle leasing, machinery or equipment, storage lockers, etc.

3. Commissions

Include: Commissions earned on the sale of products or services by businesses such as advertising agencies, brokers, insurance agents, lottery ticket sales, sales representatives, and travel agencies – (compensation could also be reported under this item (for example, compensation for collecting sales tax)).

4. Subsidies (including grants, donations and fundraising)

Include: Non-repayable grants, contributions and subsidies from all levels of government; Revenue from private sector (corporate and individual) sponsorships, donations and fundraising.

5. Royalties rights, licensing and franchise fees

A royalty is defined as a payment received by the holder of a copyright, trademark or patent.
Include: Revenue received from the sale or use of all intellectual property rights of copyrighted materials such as musical, literary, artistic or dramatic works, sound recordings or the broadcasting of communication signals.

6. Dividends

Include: Dividend income; Dividends from Canadian sources; Dividends from foreign sources; Patronage dividends.
Exclude: Equity income from investments in subsidiaries or affiliates.

7. Interest

Include: Investment revenue; Interest from foreign sources; Interest from Canadian bonds and debentures; Interest from Canadian mortgage loans; Interest from other Canadian sources.
Exclude: Equity income from investments in subsidiaries or affiliates.

8. Other revenue (please specify)

Include: Amounts not included in questions (1) to (7).

9. Total revenue

The sum of sub-questions (1) to (8).

Expenses

1. Cost of goods sold

Many business units distinguish their costs of materials from their other business expenses (selling, general and administrative). This item is included to allow you to easily record your costs/expenses according to your normal accounting practices.
Include: Cost of raw materials and/or goods purchased for re-sale – net of discounts earned on purchases; Freight in and duty.

2. Employment costs and expenses

a. Salaries, wages and commissions

Please report all salaries and wages (including taxable allowances and employment commissions as defined on the T4 – Statement of Remuneration Paid) before deductions for this reporting period.
Include: Vacation pay; Bonuses (including profit sharing); Employee commissions; Taxable allowances (e.g., room and board, vehicle allowances, gifts such as airline tickets for holidays); Severance pay.
Exclude: All payments and expenses associated with casual labour and outside contract workers (report these amounts at question 3 - Subcontracts).

b. Employee benefits

Include contributions to: Health plans; Insurance plans; Employment insurance; Pension plans; Workers' compensation; Association dues; Contributions to any other employee benefits such as child care and supplementary unemployment benefit (SUB) plans; Contributions to provincial and territorial health and education payroll taxes.

3. Subcontracts

Subcontract expense refers to the purchasing of services from outside of the company rather than providing them in-house.
Include: Hired casual labour and outside contract workers; Custom work and contract work; Subcontract and outside labour; Hired labour.

4. Research and development fees

Expenses from activities conducted with the intention of making a discovery that could either lead to the development of new products or procedures, or to the improvement of existing products or procedures.

5. Professional and business fees

Include: Legal services; Accounting and auditing fees; Consulting fees; Education and training fees; Appraisal fees; Management and administration fees; Property management fees; Information technology (IT) consulting and service fees (purchased); Architectural fees; Engineering fees; Scientific and technical service fees; Other consulting fees (management, technical and scientific); Veterinary fees; Fees for human health services; Payroll preparation fees; All other professional and business service fees.
Exclude: Service fees paid to Head Office (report at question 21 - All other costs and expenses).

6. Utilities

Utility expenses related to operating your business unit such as water, electricity, gas, heating and hydro.
Include: Diesel, wood, natural gas, oil and propane; Sewage.
Exclude: Energy expenses covered in your rental and leasing contracts; Telephone, Internet and other telecommunications; (report this amount at question 8. - Telephone, Internet and other telecommunication); Vehicle fuel (report at question 21 - All other costs and expenses).

7. Office and computer related expenses

Include: Office stationery and supplies, paper and other supplies for photocopiers, printers and fax machines; Postage and courier (used in the day to day office business activity); Diskettes and computer upgrade expenses; Data processing.
Exclude: Telephone, Internet and other telecommunication expenses (report this amount at question 8 - Telephone, Internet and other telecommunication).

8. Telephone, Internet and other telecommunication

Include: Internet; Telephone and telecommunications; Cellular telephone; Fax machine; Pager.

9. Business taxes, licenses and permits

Include: Property taxes paid directly and property transfer taxes; Vehicle license fees; Beverage taxes and business taxes; Trade license fees; Membership fees and professional license fees; Provincial capital tax.

10. Royalties, franchise fees and memberships

Include: Amounts paid to holders of patents, copyrights, performing rights and trademarks; Gross overriding royalty expenses and direct royalty costs; Resident and non-resident royalty expenses; Franchise fees.
Exclude: Crown royalties

11. Crown charges

Federal or Provincial royalty, tax, lease or rental payments made in relation to the acquisition, development or ownership of Canadian resource properties.
Include: Crown royalties; Crown leases and rentals; Oil sand leases; Stumpage fees.

12. Rental and leasing

Include: Lease rental expenses, real estate rental expenses, condominium fees and equipment rental expenses; Motor vehicle rental and leasing expenses; Studio lighting and scaffolding; Machinery and equipment rental expenses; Storage expenses; Road and construction equipment rental; Fuel and other utility costs covered in your rental and leasing contracts.

13. Repair and maintenance

Include: Buildings and structures; Machinery and equipment; Security equipment; Vehicles; Costs related to materials, parts and external labour associated with these expenses; Janitorial and cleaning services and garbage removal.

14. Amortization and depreciation

Include: Direct cost depreciation of tangible assets and amortization of leasehold improvements; Amortization of intangible assets (e.g., amortization of goodwill, patents, franchises, copyrights, trademarks, deferred charges, organizational costs).

15. Insurance

Insurance recovery income should be deducted from insurance expenses.
Include: Professional and other liability insurance; Motor vehicle and property insurance; Executive life insurance; Bonding, business interruption insurance and fire insurance.

16. Advertising, marketing, promotion, meals and entertainment

Include: Newspaper advertising and media expenses; Catalogues, presentations and displays; Tickets for theatre, concerts and sporting events for business promotion; Fundraising expenses; Meals, entertainment and hospitality purchases for clients.

17. Travel, meetings and conventions

Include: Travel expenses; Meeting and convention expenses, seminars; Passenger transportation (e.g., airfare, bus, train, etc.); Accommodations; Travel allowance and meals while travelling; Other travel expenses.

18. Financial services

Include: Explicit service charges for financial services; Credit and debit card commissions and charges; Collection expenses and transfer fees; Registrar and transfer agent fees; Security and exchange commission fees; Other financial service fees.
Exclude: Interest expenses (report at question 19 - Interest expense).

19. Interest expense

Report the cost of servicing your company's debt.
Include: Interest; Bank charges; Finance charges; Interest payments on capital leases; Amortization of bond discounts; Interest on short-term and long-term debt, mortgages, bonds and debentures.

20. Other non-production-related costs and expenses

Include: Charitable donations and political contributions; Bad debt expense; Loan losses; Provisions for loan losses (minus bad debt recoveries); Inventory adjustments

21. All other costs and expenses (including intracompany expenses)

Include: Production costs; Pipeline operations, drilling, site restoration; Gross overriding royalty; Other producing property rentals; Well operating, fuel and equipment; Other lease rentals; Other direct costs; Equipment hire and operation; Log yard expense, forestry costs, logging road costs; Freight in and duty; Overhead expenses allocated to costs of sales; Other expenses; Cash over/short (negative expense); Reimbursement of parent company expense; Warranty expense; Recruiting expenses; General and administrative expenses; Interdivisional expenses; Interfund transfer (minus expense recoveries); Exploration and Development (including prospect/geological, well abandonment & dry holes, exploration expenses, development expenses); Amounts not included in questions 1 to 20 above.

22. Total expenses

The sum of sub-questions 1 to 21.

Industry Characteristics

All revenue reported should exclude sales taxes (GST/HST, PST and QST) and be net of returns, discounts, sales allowances, and charges for outward transportation by common or contract carriers.

1. All products purchased for resale

Include: Excise taxes (such as those on gasoline, liquor, and tobacco) and other taxes that are levied on the manufacturer/importer and included in the cost of products purchased by this business unit; Sales of all products purchased for resale, please report gross sales of new and used products less returns, discounts and rebates; Parts used in generating repair and maintenance revenue, report the labour portion of repair and maintenance at question 3; Any sales made to any member company of your enterprise. Do not deduct the value of trade-ins.
Exclude: Taxes collected directly from customers and paid directly by this operating unit to provincial and federal tax agencies.

2. Products manufactured as a secondary activity by this business

Report revenue from sales of products of own manufacture.

3. Repair and maintenance services

Include: Labour revenue from installation, repair and maintenance work; Parts used in generating installation, repair and maintenance revenue are to be included at question 1.

4. Rental and leasing of real estate

Include: Rental and leasing of office space and other real estate.

5. Rental and leasing of products and equipment

Include: Rental and leasing of products and equipment whether or not they have been produced by this business.

Value of products

Report sale value of those products upon which this business has reported earning a commission or fee in the Revenue section question 1.

Sales by type of client

This section is designed to measure which sector of the economy purchases your services.

Please provide a percentage breakdown of your sales by type of client.

Please ensure that the sum of percentages reported in this section equals 100%.

1. Clients in Canada

a. Individuals and households

Please report the percentage of sales to individuals and households who do not represent the business or government sector.

b. Businesses

Percentage of sales sold to the business sector should be reported here.
Include: Sales to Crown corporations.

c. Governments, not-for-profit organizations and public institutions (e.g., hospitals, schools)

Percentage of sales to federal, provincial, territorial and municipal governments should be reported here.
Include: Sales to hospitals, schools, universities and public utilities.

2. Clients outside Canada

Please report the percentage of total sales to customers or clients located outside Canada including foreign businesses, foreign individuals, foreign institutions and/or governments.
Include: Sales to foreign subsidiaries and affiliates.

Province/country of origin and destination of goods sold

For costs of goods sold and sales of goods

Report the total cost of goods for this product. In the following question, you will be asked to provide the percentage breakdown of the total cost of goods according to the origin of the goods (i.e., the province, territory, or country outside Canada where the goods were originally manufactured).

The origin is, to the best of your knowledge, where the products were originally produced or manufactured (i.e., which province, territory, or country outside Canada). If the origin is not known, an acceptable substitute is the location of this business's supplier.
Note: exclude intermediate shipping points between your supplier and you.

The total for the origin should be equal to 100%.

Sales of goods

Report the total sales for this product. In the following question, you will be asked to provide a percentage breakdown of the total sales of this product according to the destination (that is, the province, territory, or country outside Canada where the goods will ultimately be used). For the product listed, please provide the percentage breakdown of the sales according to the destination.

The destination, to the best of your knowledge, where the goods will ultimately be used (i.e., which province, territory, or country outside Canada). Acceptable substitutes are: Shipping destinations; Location of retail customers; Location of warehouses.

The percentages should sum to 100%.

Notification of intent to extract web data

Statistics Canada engages in web-data extraction, also known as web scraping, which is a process by which information is gathered and copied from the Web using automated scripts or robots, for retrieval and analysis. As a result, we may visit the website for this organization to search for and compile additional information. The use of web scraping is part of a broader effort to reduce the response burden on organizations, as well as produce additional statistical indicators to ensure that our data remain accurate and relevant

We will strive to ensure that the data collection does not interfere with the functionality of the website. Any data collected will be used by Statistics Canada for statistical and research purposes only, in accordance with the agency’s privacy and confidentiality mandate. All information collected by Statistics Canada is strictly protected.

More information regarding Statistics Canada's web scraping initiative.

Learn more about Statistics Canada's transparency and accountability.

If you have any questions or concerns, please contact Statistics Canada Client Services, toll-free at 1-877-949-9492 (TTY: 1-800-363-7629) or by email at infostats@statcan.gc.ca. Additional information about this survey can be found at the following link: Annual Wholesale Trade Survey

Accommodation Services: CVs for operating revenue - 2021

Accommodation Services : CVs for operating revenue - 2021
Table Summary
This table displays the results of CVs for operating revenue for 2021. The information is grouped by Geography (appearing as row headers), CVs for operating revenue (appearing as a column header) calculated using percentage units of measure.
Geography CVs for operating revenue
percent
Canada 0.00
Newfoundland and Labrador 0.00
Prince Edward Island 0.00
Nova Scotia 0.01
New Brunswick 0.00
Quebec 0.00
Ontario 0.00
Manitoba 0.00
Saskatchewan 0.00
Alberta 0.00
British Columbia 0.00
Yukon 0.00
Northwest Territories 0.00
Nunavut 0.00

Designing a metrics monitoring and alerting system

By: Simardeep Singh, Statistics Canada

Introduction

Designing a metrics monitoring and alerting system is a crucial step in ensuring the health and performance of any system or application. A well-designed system can help identify potential issues before they become critical, allowing for quick resolution and minimizing downtime.

The first step in designing a metrics monitoring and alerting system is to identify the key metrics that need to be monitored. These metrics should be chosen based on the specific goals and objectives of the system or application, as well as its unique characteristics and requirements. For example, a website may need to monitor metrics such as page load time, user engagement, and server response time, while a mobile app may need to monitor metrics such as battery usage and network performance.

Once the key metrics have been identified, the next step is to determine how they will be collected and stored. This may involve setting up specialized monitoring tools or using existing tools and services. It is important to ensure that the data collected is accurate, reliable, and easily accessible.

The next step is to set up alerts and notifications based on the metrics being monitored. This can be done using a variety of tools and methods, such as email, SMS, or push notifications. The alert thresholds should be carefully chosen to ensure that they are sensitive enough to detect potential issues, but not so sensitive that they generate erroneous alerts.

Finally, it is important to regularly review and assess the performance of the metrics monitoring and alerting system. This can involve analyzing the data collected, identifying areas for improvement, and making any necessary adjustments to the system. By continuously improving the system, it can remain effective and reliable over time.

What are the major components of the system?

A metrics monitoring and alerting system consists of five components:

  • Data collection: collects metric data from different resources.
  • Data transmission: transfers data from sources to the metrics monitoring system.
  • Data storage: organizes and stores incoming data.
  • Alerting: analyzes the incoming data, detects anomalies and generates alerts. The system must be able to send alerts to different communication channels configured by the organization.
  • Visualization: presents data in graphics, charts, etc. It's easier to identify the patterns, trends or problems when data is presented visually.

How to design the metrics for monitoring and alerting system

In this section, we discuss some fundamentals of building the system, the data model, and the high-level design.

Data modelling: Metrics data is generally recorded as a time series that contains the set of values with their associated timestamps. The series itself can be identified by its name, and operationally by a set of labels. Every time series consists of the following:

Table 1: Time series

Name Type
A metric name String
A set of tags/labels List of <key: value> pairs
An array of values and their timestamps An array of <value, timestamp> pairs

Data access pattern: Consider a real-world scenario where the alerting system must calculate the average CPU load across all the webservers in a specific region. The data must be averaged every 10 minutes, which accounts for about 10 million operational metrics written per day, and many metrics are collected at high frequency. For these systems, the write load is heavy, and the read load is simultaneously spiky. Both visualization and alerting services will send the queries to the database, and depending on the access patterns and alerts, the read volume can either increase or decrease. The system is under constant heavy write load, while the read load is spiky.

Data storage system: A general-purpose database, in theory, could support time-series data, but it will require extensive tuning to make it work on a large scale. A relational database is not optimized for operations commonly performed against time-series data.

There are many storage systems optimized for time-series data. Optimization consumes fewer servers to handle huge volumes of data. Many of these databases have custom query interfaces designed for the analysis of time-series data that are much easier to use than structured query language (SQL).

Two very popular time-series databases are Influx DB (database) and Prometheus, which are designed to store large volumes of time-series data and perform real time analysis. Another feature of the strong time-series database is efficient aggregation. Influx DB builds indexes on the labels to facilitate the fast lookup of time-series by labels.

High level design

Figure 1: High level design for a metrics monitoring and designing system

Figure 1: High level design for a metrics monitoring and designing system
Figure 1: High level design for a metrics monitoring and designing system

Different components of the metrics monitoring and alerting system interacting with each other. The metrics source generates the metrics which are being collected by the metrics collector and being fed to the time-series database. The time-series database is being queried by the visualization system to show the visuals and the altering system to notify the developers.

  1. Metrics Source
    1. forward to Metrics Collector
  2. Metrics Collector
    1. forward to Time Series DB
  3. Time Series DB
    1. back to Metrics Collector
    2. back to Query Service
  4. Query Service
    1. back to Alerting System (send queries)
    2. back to Visualization System (send queries)
  5. Visualization System
    1. forward to Query Service
  6. Alerting System
    1. forward to Query Service
    2. forward to Email
    3. forward to Text Message
    4. forward to PageDuty
    5. forward to Https Endpoints
  7. Email
  8. Text Message
  9. PageDuty
  10. Https Endpoints
  • Metrics source:This can be application servers, SQL databases, message queues, etc.
  • Metrics collector: Gathers metrics data and writes data into the time-series database.
  • Time-series database: This stores metrics data as time series. It usually provides a custom-query interface for analyzing and summarizing a large amount of time-series data. It maintains indexes on labels to facilitate the fast lookup of data using the labels.
  • Query service: The query service makes it easy to query and retrieve data from the time-series databases.
  • Alerting system: This sends alert notifications to various alerting destinations.
  • Visualization system: This shows metrics in the form of various graphs/charts.

Design deep dive

Let's investigate the designs in detail:

  • Metrics collection
  • Scaling the metrics transmission pipeline
  • Query service
  • Alerting system
  • Visualization system

Metrics collection

There are two ways metrics data can be collected – pull or push.

Figure 2: Metrics collection flow

Figure 2: Metrics collection flow
Figure 2: Metrics collection flow

The metrics source and metrics collector system. These components are discussed in the detailed in the following paragraphs.

  1. Metrics Source
    1. forward to Metrics Collector
  2. Metrics Collector
    1. forward to Time Series DB
  3. Time Series DB
    1. back to Metrics Collector
    2. back to Query Service
  4. Query Service
    1. back to Alerting System (send queries)
    2. back to Visualization System (send queries)
  5. Visualization System
    1. forward to Query Service
  6. Alerting System
    1. forward to Query Service
    2. forward to Email
    3. forward to Text Message
    4. forward to PageDuty
    5. forward to Https Endpoints
  7. Email
  8. Text Message
  9. PageDuty
  10. Https Endpoints

Pull model

In a pull model, the metrics collector pulls the metrics from the sources. Consequently the metrics collector needs to know the complete list of service ends to pull the data. We can use a reliable, scalable and maintainable service like service discovery, provided by ETCD and Zookeeper. A service discovery contains configuration rules about when and where to collect the metrics.

  • The metrics collector fetches the configuration metadata of service endpoint from service discovery. Metadata includes pulling interval, IP addresses, timeout and retry parameters.
  • The metrics collector pulls the metric data using the HTTP endpoint (for example, web servers) or TCP (transmission control protocol) endpoint (for DB clusters).
  • The metrics collector registers a change event notification with the service directory to get an update whenever the service endpoints change.

Figure 3: Pull model in detail

Figure 3: Pull model in detail
Figure 3: Pull model in detail

The metrics collector pulls the metrics from different sources. The metrics collectors get the information of service-end points from the service directory which includes ETCD and zookeeper.

  1. Metrics Collector
    1. forward to Service Discovery - ETCD and Zookeeper (via Discovery Targets)
    2. forward to Metrics Source – Web Servers, DB Clusters, Queue Clusters, Cache Clusters (via Requests)
  2. Service Discovery – ETCD Zookeeper
  3. Metrics Source – Web Servers, DB Clusters, Queue Clusters, Cache Clusters

Push model

In a push model, a collection agent is installed on every server that is being monitored. A collection agent is long-running software that collects the metrics from the service running on the server and pushes those metrics to the collector.

To prevent the metrics collector from falling behind a push model, the collector should always be in an autoscaling position with a load balancer in the front of it (Figure 4). The cluster should scale up or down based on the CPU (central processing unit) load of the metrics collector.

Figure 4: Push model in detail

Figure 4: Push model in detail
Figure 4: Push model in detail

The collection agent collects the metrics from the web servers and pushes those metrics to a load balancer. The load balancer balances the metrics load and pushes to the group of metrics collectors.

  1. Metrics Source 
    1. Web Servers
      1. forward to Metrics 1
      2. forward to Metrics 2
      3. forward to Metrics 3
    2. Forward to Load Balancer
  2. Load Balancer (via Push Messages)
    1. Forward to Metrics Collectors
  3. Metrics Collectors

Pull or push?

So, what's best for a large organization? Knowing the advantages and disadvantages of each approach is important. A large organization needs to support both, especially serverless architecture.

Push Monitoring System:

Advantages:

  • Real-time notifications of issues and alerts
  • Can alert multiple recipients at once.
  • Can be customized to specific needs and requirements
  • Can be integrated with other systems and applications

Disadvantages:

  • Requires a constant and reliable internet connection to function properly
  • Can be overwhelming with too many notifications and alerts
  • Can be vulnerable to cyber-attacks and security breaches

Pull Monitoring System:

Advantages:

  • Can be accessed remotely and for multiple devices
  • Can be set up to check specific metrics and parameters at regular intervals
  • Can be easily configured and customized
  • Can provide detailed and historical data for analysis and reporting

Disadvantages:

  • Requires manual intervention to check and review the data.
  • May not provide the real-time alerts and notifications
  • Can be less efficient in identifying and responding to issues and anomalies.

Scaling the metrics transmission pipeline

Whether we use the push or pull model, the metrics collector of servers and the cluster receive enormous amounts of data. There's a risk of data loss if the time-series database is unavailable. To navigate through the risk of losing data, we can use a queueing component as shown in Figure 5.

Figure 5: Add queues

Figure 5: Add queues
Figure 5: Add queues

Steps to scale the metrics transmission pipeline. The design leverages the use of Kafka's built-in partition mechanism to scale the system. Kafka helps to categorize and prioritize so that the important metrics cane be processed first by the time-series database.

  1. Metrics Source
    1. forward to Metrics Collector
  2. Metrics Collector
    1. forward to Kafka
  3. Kafka
    1. forward to Consumer
  4. Consumers
    1. forward to Time Series DB
  5. Time Series DB
    1. back to Query Service
  6. Query Service
    1. back to Alerting System
    2. back to Visualization System
  7. Visualization System
    1. forward to Query Service (send queries)
  8. Alerting System
    1. forward to Query Service (send queries)
    2. forward to Email
    3. forward to Text Message
    4. forward to PageDuty
    5. forward to Https Endpoints
  9. Email
  10. Text Message
  11. PageDuty
  12. Https Endpoints

In this design, the metrics collector sends metric data to a queuing system like Kafka. Then consumers or streaming processing services such as Apache Spark process and push the data to the time-series database. This approach has several advantages:

  • Kafka is used as a highly reliable and scalable distributed messaging platform.
  • It decouples the data collection and processing services from one another.
  • It can easily prevent data loss when the database is unavailable by retaining the data in Kafka.

Query service

The query service comprises a cluster of query servers which access the time-series database and handle the requests from the visualization or alerting systems. Once you have a dedicated set of query servers, you can decouple time-series database from the visualization and alerting systems. This provides us with the flexibility to change the time-series database or the visualization and alerting systems, whenever needed.

To reduce the load of the time-series database and make the query service more performant, cache servers can be added to store query results, as shown in Figure 6.

Figure 6: Cache layer

Figure 6: Cache layer
Figure 6: Cache layer

The integration of query service and cache layer. Cache layer reduces the load time of the time-series database and make query more performant.

  1. Metrics Source
    1. forward to Metrics Collector
  2. Metrics Collector
    1. forward to Kafka
  3. Kafka
    1. forward to Consumer
  4. Consumers
    1. forward to Time Series DB
  5. Time Series DB
    1. back to Query Service
  6. Query Service
    1. back to Alerting System
    2. back to Visualization System
    3. forward to Cache
  7. Cache
  8. Visualization System
    1. forward to Query Service (send queries)
  9. Alerting System
    1. forward to Query Service (send queries)
    2. forward to Email
    3. forward to Text Message
    4. forward to PageDuty
    5. forward to Https Endpoints
  10. Email
  11. Text Message
  12. PageDuty
  13. Https Endpoints

Storage layer

Space optimization – In order to optimize the storage, following strategies can be used to tackle this problem:

Data encoding and compression: Data encoding is the process of translating data from one format into another, typically for the purposes of efficient transmission or storage. Data compression is a related process that involves reducing the amount of data required to represent a given piece of information. Together data encoding and compression can significantly reduce the size of the data. It is the process of encoding, restructuring, or otherwise modifying data to reduce its size. Essentially, it involves re-encoding information with fewer bits than the original representation.

Downsampling: Downsampling is the process of reducing the number of samples in a dataset by removing some data points. This is often done to reduce the amount of data that needs to be processed and to simply the analysis. Downsampling can be done in a variety of ways, including randomly selecting a subset of the data points, using a specific algorithm to select the data points, or using a specific sampling frequency to reduce the data. If the data retention policy is set to one year, we can sample the data using the following example.

  • Retention: seven days, no sampling
  • Retention: 30 days, down sample to one minute resolution
  • Retention: one-year, down sample to one hour resolution

Alerting system

A monitoring system is very useful for proactive interpretation and investigation, but one of the main advantages of a full monitoring system is that administrators can be disconnected from the system. Alerts allow you to define situations to be actively managed while relying on passive monitoring of software to watch for changing conditions.

The alert flow works as follows:

  1. Load the config files to the cache servers. Rules are defined as config files on the disk, shown in Figure 7.

Figure 7: Alerting system

Figure 7: Alerting system
Figure 7: Alerting system

The raw config files are being cached and forwarded to the alert manager. The alert manager forwards those files to Kafka which are further consumed by the Alert consumers including e-mail, text message, page duty and http endpoints.

  1. Rule Config Files
    1. forward to Cache
  2. Cache
    1. forward to Alert Manager
  3. Alert Manager
    1. back to Cache
    2. forward to Query Service
    3. lateral to Alert Store
    4. forward to Kafka
  4. Query Service
    1. back to Alert Manager
  5. Alert Store
    1. back to Alert Manager
  6. Kafka
    1. forward to Alert Consumer
  7. Alert Consumer
    1. forward to Email
    2. forward to Text Message
    3. forward to PageDuty
    4. forward to Https Endpoints
  8. Email
  9. Text Message
  10. PageDuty
  11. Https Endpoints
  1. The alert manager fetches alert configs from the cache.
  2. Based on the config rules, the alert manager calls the query service at a predefined interval. If the value violates the threshold, an alert event is created. The alert manager is responsible for the following:
    1. Filter, merge, and dedupe alerts. Here's an example of merging alerts that are triggered within one instance in a short amount of time.

Figure 8: Merge alerts

Figure 8: Merge alerts
Figure 8: Merge alerts

Merging of the alerts with respect to the different events.

  1. Event 1, Instance 1, disk_usage > 90%
    1. forward to Merge
  2. Event 2, Instance 1, disk_usage > 90%
    1. forward to Merge
  3. Event 3, Instance 1, disk_usage > 90%
    1. forward to Merge
  4. Merge
    1. forward to 1 alert on Instance 1
  5. 1 alert on Instance 1
  1. Access control—to avoid human error and keep the system secure, it is essential to restrict access to certain alert management operations to authorized individuals only.
  2. Retry—the alert manager checks alert states and ensures a notification is sent at least once.
  1. The alert store is a key-value database such as Cassandra, that keeps the state (in-active, pending, firing, resolved) of all alerts. It ensures a notification is sent at least once.
  2. Eligible alerts are inserted into a messaging and queuing system such as Kafka.
  3. Alert consumers pull alert events from the messaging and queuing system.
  4. Alert consumers process alert events from the messaging and queuing system and sends notifications to different channels such as email, text message, PageDuty, or HTTP endpoints.

Visualization system

Visualization is built on top of the data layer. Metrics can be shown on the metrics dashboard over various time scales and alerts can be shown on the dashboard. A high-quality visualization system is hard to build. There's a strong argument for using an off-the-shelf system. For example, Grafana can be a very good system for this purpose.

Wrap up

In this article we discussed the design for a metrics monitoring and alerting system. At a high level, we talked about the data collection, time-series database, alerts and visualization. We also dove into some of the important techniques and components, such as:

  • Push versus pull model for collecting metrics data.
  • Using Kafka to scale the system.
  • Choosing the right time-series database.
  • Using down sampling to reduce data size.
  • Build versus buy options for alerting and visualization systems.

We went through a few iterations to refine the diagram, and our final design looks like this:

Figure 9: Final design

Figure 9: Final design
Figure 9: Final design

The refined design for the metrics monitoring and alerting system.

  1. Metrics Source
    1. forward to Metrics Collector
  2. Metrics Collector
    1. forward to Kafka
  3. Kafka
    1. forward to Consumer
  4. Consumers
    1. forward to Time Series DB
  5. Time Series DB
    1. back to Query Service
  6. Query Service
    1. back to Alerting System
    2. back to Visualization System
  7. Visualization System
    1. forward to Query Service (send queries)
  8. Alerting System
    1. forward to Query Service (send queries)
    2. forward to Email
    3. forward to Text Message
    4. forward to PageDuty
    5. forward to Https Endpoints
  9. Email
  10. Text Message
  11. PageDuty
  12. Https Endpoints

In conclusion, designing a metrics monitoring and alerting system is a crucial step in ensuring the health and performance of any system or application. By carefully selecting the key metrics to monitor, collect and store data accurately, setting up effective alerts and notifications, and regularly reviewing and improving the system, it is possible to create a robust and reliable system that can help identify and resolve potential issues before they become critical.

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Additional resources

  1. Datadog
  2. Splunk
  3. PagerDuty
  4. Elastic stack
  5. Dapper, a Large-Scale Distributed Systems Tracing Infrastructure
  6. Distributed Systems Tracing with Zipkin
  7. Prometheus
  8. OpenTSDB-A Distributed, Scalable Monitoring System
  9. Data model
  10. MySQL
  11. Schema design for time-series data | Cloud Bigtable Documentation
  12. MetricsDB
  13. Amazon Timestream
  14. DB-Engines Ranking of time-series DBMS
  15. InfluxDB
  16. etcd
  17. Service Discovery with Zookeeper
  18. Amazon CloudWatch
  19. Graphite
  20. Push vs. Pull
  21. Pull doesn't scale or does it?
  22. Monitoring Architecture
  23. Push vs. Pull in Monitoring Systems
Date modified:

Enhancements to the publication of core inflation measures based on the trimmed mean (CPI-trim) and the weighted median (CPI-median) 2023

With the release of the January 2023 Consumer Price Index (CPI) on February 21, the CPI-trim and CPI-median have been revised back 84 months as per their normal revision policy. Two enhancements have been made at this time:

  1. Statistics Canada has published, for the first time, index-level data series for CPI-trim and CPI-median to accompany the year-over-year figures published monthly since December 2016.
  2. The seasonal adjustment treatment of step-series indexes that are used in the calculation of the CPI-trim and CPI-median has been enhanced as part of the regular review of methodologies.

Statistics Canada is responsible for both these aspects of the core inflation measures, along with their calculation. The Bank of Canada has been advised of the changes, as they set out the methodology for the measures.

These enhancements have no impact on the All-items CPI, seasonally adjusted All-items CPI, or the CPI-common.

Why are index levels now being published for the CPI-trim and CPI-median?

Statistics Canada continually strives to provide the data Canadians need, when they need them, and how they want them. Our users have told us that these data provide more flexibility. The new index-level data allow users to calculate the year-over-year percentage change themselves, along with the changes over any other reference period, including monthly and quarterly, which was previously not possible, nor available.

It should be noted that calculating the year-over-year percentage change using the rounded, published index values could result in slight differences compared to the published year-over-year percentage change, due to the latter figure's calculation prior to index rounding.

Where are the index-level data published?

Index-level data series for CPI-trim and CPI-median have been published in Table: 18-10-0256-01, Consumer Price Index (CPI) statistics, measures of core inflation and other related statistics - Bank of Canada definitions, and Table: 18-10-0259-01, Historical (real-time) releases of Consumer Price Index (CPI) statistics, measures of core inflation - Bank of Canada definitions. The index series are available back to January 1989. The index base period is January 1989=100.

Data currently published for these measures in the form of year-over-year percent changes continue to be published, along with CPI-common, the third Bank of Canada's preferred measure of core inflation.

Why has the seasonal adjustment process been enhanced?

The enhancement is part of Statistics Canada's regular review of methodologies that ensures techniques are improved to produce the most accurate indicators as possible for users. The seasonal adjustment process remains unchanged for the majority of the seasonally adjusted series; seasonal adjustment treatment has been enhanced for 15 of the 43 seasonally adjusted input series – those identified as step series – with one of the step series having already been treated in the enhanced manner. This enhancement aims to avoid potential under- and over-estimation of price change that can be caused by treating index movements of step series as outliers in the seasonal adjustment process. Such changes are best made at the time of annual revision of seasonal adjustment options to avoid creating breaks in series that might then interfere with regular, annual evaluation and modification of seasonal adjustment parameters.

Table 1: Distribution of the core measures input components with respect to seasonal adjustment and step series pattern
  Not currently seasonally adjusted Currently seasonally adjusted Total
Non-step series 11 27 38
Step series 1 16Tablenote 1 17
Total 12 43 55
Tablenote 1

The enhancement has been applied for the first time to 15 of these 16 series, with one having already been treated in this manner previously.

Return to tablenote 1 referrer

What is the enhancement to seasonal adjustment?

The seasonal adjustment process for most series contains two main components: (1) the identification and treatment of outliers, including adjustments for calendar effects when holidays or the number of days between months is not equal and may affect trends in the indicator, and (2) the application of various filters to remove seasonal patterns to parse out underlying economic trends that are not influenced by seasonality – essentially, a trend-smoothing process. Going forward, indexes that display a step series pattern, and that were undergoing the full seasonal adjustment process, will only be subjected to the second component, the trend-smoothing process; this ensures that non-seasonal movements of these series are further captured through the process and more accurately reflected in the CPI-trim and CPI-median indicators.

In the context of price indexes, a step series can be any series that displays periods of flatness, followed by sudden price change, creating a step-like appearance in the charted index over time. It can be evident in the prices of products or services that are collected or may change infrequently (annually or quarterly) or regularly priced series whose movements are stable, followed by periodic larger movements. Examples of step-series subcomponents of the CPI are illustrated in chart 1.

Description: Chart 1 - Examples of step series in the Consumer Price Index, Canada, January 2015 to December 2022
Chart 1
Examples of step series in the Consumer Price Index, Canada, January 2015 to December 2022
  Property taxes and other special charges Local and commuter transportation Health care services Education
Index (2002=100)
2015 Jan. 148.3 150.7 152.3 154.8
Feb. 148.3 150.7 152.3 154.8
Mar. 148.3 150.7 152.4 154.9
Apr. 148.3 150.7 155.3 154.9
May 148.3 150.7 155.3 154.9
Jun. 148.3 150.7 155.3 154.9
Jul. 148.3 152.8 155.4 154.9
Aug. 148.3 152.8 155.4 154.9
Sep. 148.3 152.8 155.7 159.4
Oct. 152.7 152.8 155.7 159.4
Nov. 152.7 152.8 155.8 159.4
Dec. 152.7 152.8 155.8 159.5
2016 Jan. 152.7 153.7 155.8 159.5
Feb. 152.7 153.7 155.8 159.5
Mar. 152.7 153.7 155.9 159.5
Apr. 152.7 153.7 158.6 159.5
May 152.7 153.7 158.6 159.5
Jun. 152.7 153.7 158.6 159.6
Jul. 152.7 154.5 158.6 159.3
Aug. 152.7 154.5 158.6 159.2
Sep. 152.7 154.5 159.8 163.3
Oct. 156.9 154.5 159.8 163.5
Nov. 156.9 154.5 159.8 163.5
Dec. 156.9 154.5 159.8 163.4
2017 Jan. 156.9 156.2 159.8 163.2
Feb. 156.9 156.2 159.8 163.1
Mar. 156.9 156.2 159.9 163.1
Apr. 156.9 156.2 163.9 163.1
May 156.9 156.2 163.9 163.1
Jun. 156.9 156.2 163.9 163.1
Jul. 156.9 156.7 163.9 163.1
Aug. 156.9 156.7 163.9 163
Sep. 156.9 156.7 164.6 167.6
Oct. 161.3 156.7 164.6 167.7
Nov. 161.3 156.7 164.6 167.7
Dec. 161.3 156.7 164.6 167.7
2018 Jan. 161.3 157.4 164.6 167.8
Feb. 161.3 157.4 164.6 167.8
Mar. 161.3 157.4 164.8 167.8
Apr. 161.3 157.4 166.6 167.8
May 161.3 157.4 166.6 167.8
Jun. 161.3 157.4 166.6 167.8
Jul. 161.3 158.7 166.7 167.8
Aug. 161.3 158.7 166.7 167.7
Sep. 161.3 158.7 167.1 172.2
Oct. 163.6 158.7 167.1 172.3
Nov. 163.6 158.7 167.2 172.3
Dec. 163.6 158.7 167.2 172.4
2019 Jan. 163.6 159.2 167.2 172.5
Feb. 163.6 159.2 167.2 172.5
Mar. 163.6 159.2 167.3 172.6
Apr. 163.6 159.2 171.1 172.5
May 163.6 159.2 171.1 172.5
Jun. 163.6 159.2 171.1 172.5
Jul. 163.6 161.9 171.3 172.4
Aug. 163.6 161.9 171.3 172.2
Sep. 163.6 161.9 171.8 167.3
Oct. 167.2 161.9 171.8 167.6
Nov. 167.2 161.9 171.8 167.5
Dec. 167.2 161.9 171.8 167.6
2020 Jan. 167.2 165.9 171.8 167.8
Feb. 167.2 165.9 171.8 167.8
Mar. 167.2 165.9 172 167.8
Apr. 167.2 165.9 174.3 167.8
May 167.2 165.9 174.3 167.9
Jun. 167.2 166 174.3 167.9
Jul. 167.2 166.7 174.6 167.7
Aug. 167.2 166.5 174.6 167.5
Sep. 167.2 166.5 177.2 170.3
Oct. 170.3 166.4 177.2 170.7
Nov. 170.3 166.4 177.4 170.7
Dec. 170.3 166.4 177.4 170.7
2021 Jan. 170.3 167.9 177.4 171
Feb. 170.3 167.9 177.4 171
Mar. 170.3 167.9 177.5 171.1
Apr. 170.3 167.9 183.5 171.1
May 170.3 167.9 183.5 171.1
Jun. 170.3 167.9 183.5 171
Jul. 170.3 161.8 183.7 170.8
Aug. 170.3 161.8 183.7 170.6
Sep. 170.3 161.8 184.3 173.9
Oct. 172.8 161.8 184.3 174.3
Nov. 172.8 161.8 184.3 174.3
Dec. 172.8 161.8 184.3 174.4
2022 Jan. 172.8 162.7 184.3 174.3
Feb. 172.8 162.8 184.3 174.4
Mar. 172.8 162.7 184.4 174.3
Apr. 172.8 162.1 191.8 174.4
May 172.8 162.1 191.8 174.5
Jun. 172.8 162.1 191.8 174.4
Jul. 172.8 165.1 191.8 174
Aug. 172.8 165.1 191.8 173.8
Sep. 172.8 166.8 194.5 178.4
Oct. 179 167.3 194.5 178.7
Nov. 179 167.3 194.5 178.7
Dec. 179 167.3 194.5 178.7
Source: Statistics Canada, table 18-10-0004-01 - Consumer Price Index, monthly, not seasonally adjusted.

What is the impact of the enhancement?

An analysis was conducted using the data released for the December 2022 core measures. Over the 84-month revision period, the impact of the modification to the seasonal adjustment method for step series varied on a monthly basis between -0.028 and +0.092 percentage points for the CPI-trim, and between -0.140 and +0.370 percentage points for the CPI-median. As illustrated in charts 2-4, The overall trends remained unchanged.

There is no impact on the All-items CPI, All-items CPI (seasonally adjusted) or the CPI-common.

It is important to note that the All-items CPI not seasonally adjusted series (Consumer Price Index, monthly, not seasonally adjusted) is not revised, nor seasonally adjusted, and therefore is not subject to the revisions detailed above.

The All-items CPI seasonally adjusted series (Consumer Price Index, monthly, seasonally adjusted) is also not affected by this enhancement because seasonal adjustment is performed at a higher level than the 55 CPI component-inputs to the core measures, following the aggregation of indexes that are not seasonally adjusted. Seasonal adjustment is performed on the All-items CPI, in addition to the  eight major components, independently, for which traditional seasonal adjustment methods are optimal in the absence of step-series patterns.

The CPI-common measure of core inflation does not use seasonally adjusted data, and is thus not affected by the change.

Impact analysis charts

Chart 2 - Impact on CPI-trim of enhanced seasonal adjustment of step series, December 2015 to December 2022
Description: Chart 2 - Impact on CPI-trim of enhanced seasonal adjustment of step series, December 2015 to December 2022
Chart 2
Impact on CPI-trim of enhanced seasonal adjustment of step series, December 2015 to December 2022
  CPI-trim, current CPI-trim, enhanced seasonal adjustment
12-month % change
2015 Dec. 1.798921 1.800643
2016 Jan. 1.796617 1.799190
Feb. 1.772121 1.764928
Mar. 1.809152 1.804864
Apr. 1.952497 1.944652
May 1.960286 1.957635
Jun. 1.990498 1.986186
Jul. 1.905163 1.905628
Aug. 1.848476 1.853151
Sep. 1.848813 1.853213
Oct. 1.789098 1.799292
Nov. 1.559545 1.573039
Dec. 1.571893 1.580595
2017 Jan. 1.585164 1.586950
Feb. 1.514567 1.509918
Mar. 1.372983 1.367215
Apr. 1.333282 1.330765
May 1.235565 1.228044
Jun. 1.223923 1.217442
Jul. 1.306557 1.298094
Aug. 1.365388 1.358202
Sep. 1.362903 1.362886
Oct. 1.403123 1.404992
Nov. 1.688048 1.691929
Dec. 1.745262 1.741364
2018 Jan. 1.802465 1.797627
Feb. 1.966788 1.967619
Mar. 1.858894 1.868355
Apr. 1.934701 1.940951
May 1.816595 1.827392
Jun. 1.926166 1.934108
Jul. 1.976225 1.980156
Aug. 2.044910 2.051745
Sep. 1.949687 1.951019
Oct. 1.991952 1.997794
Nov. 1.853315 1.861428
Dec. 1.877490 1.884054
2019 Jan. 1.841715 1.853573
Feb. 1.930141 1.934278
Mar. 2.174784 2.168455
Apr. 1.998460 1.995482
May 2.186265 2.177439
Jun. 2.029293 2.017583
Jul. 2.015597 2.004818
Aug. 1.965489 1.953355
Sep. 2.022138 2.008404
Oct. 2.024671 2.012853
Nov. 2.124468 2.110340
Dec. 2.003229 1.992085
2020 Jan. 2.020303 2.004573
Feb. 1.936249 1.926248
Mar. 1.808957 1.780521
Apr. 1.819903 1.794826
May 1.594422 1.572336
Jun. 1.784051 1.763843
Jul. 1.666054 1.647988
Aug. 1.648049 1.635453
Sep. 1.713201 1.713946
Oct. 1.813752 1.816431
Nov. 1.841874 1.845841
Dec. 1.776275 1.797217
2021 Jan. 1.854619 1.886161
Feb. 1.888431 1.925423
Mar. 2.060559 2.093048
Apr. 2.316445 2.344129
May 2.607608 2.646845
Jun. 2.600015 2.646973
Jul. 3.023349 3.078551
Aug. 3.246401 3.289678
Sep. 3.422735 3.453382
Oct. 3.410778 3.435752
Nov. 3.424953 3.449884
Dec. 3.772249 3.820751
2022 Jan. 4.008979 4.061422
Feb. 4.324719 4.382364
Mar. 4.752281 4.829291
Apr. 5.076781 5.168717
May 5.428157 5.505363
Jun. 5.544976 5.628756
Jul. 5.456757 5.537062
Aug. 5.267646 5.338828
Sep. 5.298619 5.374260
Oct. 5.337995 5.422819
Nov. 5.431233 5.508166
Dec. 5.259411 5.319893
Source: Consumer Prices program.
Chart 3 - Impact on CPI-median of enhanced seasonal adjustment for step series, December 2015 to December 2022
Description: Chart 3 - Impact on CPI-median of enhanced seasonal adjustment for step series, December 2015 to December 2022
Chart 3
Impact on CPI-median of enhanced seasonal adjustment for step series, December 2015 to December 2022
  CPI-median, current CPI-median, enhanced seasonal adjustment
12-month % change
2015 Dec. 2.054765 2.054765
2016 Jan. 1.977707 1.977707
Feb. 2.008347 1.999595
Mar. 2.028980 2.015468
Apr. 2.137827 2.124301
May 2.152824 2.109574
Jun. 2.161842 2.118588
Jul. 2.026714 2.040895
Aug. 1.972626 1.971713
Sep. 2.066314 2.076776
Oct. 2.065377 2.075839
Nov. 1.908945 1.919391
Dec. 1.881307 1.891750
2017 Jan. 1.898461 1.874690
Feb. 1.811288 1.796270
Mar. 1.700217 1.689960
Apr. 1.639477 1.642173
May 1.570418 1.591766
Jun. 1.552191 1.573535
Jul. 1.689544 1.673727
Aug. 1.732561 1.731786
Sep. 1.629374 1.617274
Oct. 1.604297 1.592200
Nov. 1.748889 1.736775
Dec. 1.771562 1.741779
2018 Jan. 1.823477 1.827866
Feb. 1.916134 1.920528
Mar. 1.899578 1.903971
Apr. 1.947955 1.890312
May 1.866856 1.820194
Jun. 1.913452 1.866769
Jul. 1.931949 1.853830
Aug. 1.945540 1.867411
Sep. 1.935439 1.858911
Oct. 1.970718 1.895141
Nov. 1.837997 1.768641
Dec. 1.842719 1.753373
2019 Jan. 1.822566 1.733237
Feb. 1.919356 1.829942
Mar. 2.046098 1.956574
Apr. 1.951358 1.881618
May 2.047899 1.980765
Jun. 2.041170 1.924034
Jul. 2.007940 1.902230
Aug. 1.990089 1.888033
Sep. 1.998629 1.894970
Oct. 2.014509 1.909857
Nov. 2.116959 2.011684
Dec. 2.040239 1.972770
2020 Jan. 2.072201 1.957133
Feb. 2.038270 1.908623
Mar. 1.944614 1.804732
Apr. 2.029569 1.894745
May 1.864151 1.777421
Jun. 1.903086 1.864265
Jul. 1.867345 1.828538
Aug. 1.880555 1.866829
Sep. 2.028321 2.014574
Oct. 2.046446 2.133852
Nov. 2.028868 2.110632
Dec. 2.050305 2.105705
2021 Jan. 2.104615 2.200554
Feb. 2.087020 2.176978
Mar. 2.177171 2.277610
Apr. 2.227432 2.345522
May 2.509732 2.599735
Jun. 2.593902 2.686006
Jul. 2.754149 2.909340
Aug. 2.964052 3.063700
Sep. 2.996702 3.096381
Oct. 2.970442 3.000204
Nov. 3.039351 3.069133
Dec. 3.300336 3.376876
2022 Jan. 3.480396 3.564328
Feb. 3.744460 3.963352
Mar. 4.125091 4.344786
Apr. 4.574449 4.801917
May 4.852742 5.068521
Jun. 4.912719 5.199994
Jul. 4.999449 5.309737
Aug. 4.803241 5.128372
Sep. 4.801767 5.172303
Oct. 4.948436 5.308136
Nov. 5.133249 5.493582
Dec. 5.039350 5.390177
Source: Consumer Prices program.
Chart 4 - Differences due to enhanced seasonal adjustment for step series are smaller and more stable for CPI-trim than for CPI-median
Description: Chart 4 - Differences due to enhanced seasonal adjustment for step series are smaller and more stable for CPI-trim than for CPI-median
Chart 4
Differences due to enhanced seasonal adjustment for step series are smaller and more stable for CPI-trim than for CPI-median
  CPI-trim, enhanced seasonal adjustment - current CPI-median, enhanced seasonal adjustment - current
% point difference between year-over-year growth rates, enhanced method minus current
2015 Dec. 0.001722 -0.00000011
2016 Jan. 0.002573 -0.00000016
Feb. -0.007193 -0.008751
Mar. -0.004288 -0.013512
Apr. -0.007845 -0.013526
May -0.002651 -0.043250
Jun. -0.004312 -0.043254
Jul. 0.000465 0.014181
Aug. 0.004675 -0.000913
Sep. 0.004400 0.010462
Oct. 0.010194 0.010462
Nov. 0.013494 0.010446
Dec. 0.008701 0.010443
2017 Jan. 0.001786 -0.023770
Feb. -0.004649 -0.015017
Mar. -0.005768 -0.010258
Apr. -0.002518 0.002696
May -0.007520 0.021348
Jun. -0.006481 0.021344
Jul. -0.008463 -0.015817
Aug. -0.007186 -0.000775
Sep. -0.000017 -0.012100
Oct. 0.001869 -0.012097
Nov. 0.003880 -0.012114
Dec. -0.003898 -0.029783
2018 Jan. -0.004839 0.004390
Feb. 0.000831 0.004394
Mar. 0.009461 0.004393
Apr. 0.006251 -0.057643
May 0.010798 -0.046662
Jun. 0.007942 -0.046683
Jul. 0.003931 -0.078119
Aug. 0.006835 -0.078129
Sep. 0.001332 -0.076528
Oct. 0.005842 -0.075577
Nov. 0.008114 -0.069356
Dec. 0.006564 -0.089346
2019 Jan. 0.011858 -0.089328
Feb. 0.004138 -0.089413
Mar. -0.006329 -0.089525
Apr. -0.002978 -0.069740
May -0.008826 -0.067134
Jun. -0.011711 -0.117136
Jul. -0.010779 -0.105711
Aug. -0.012134 -0.102056
Sep. -0.013734 -0.103659
Oct. -0.011818 -0.104653
Nov. -0.014128 -0.105275
Dec. -0.011145 -0.067469
2020 Jan. -0.015730 -0.115068
Feb. -0.010000 -0.129647
Mar. -0.028436 -0.139882
Apr. -0.025077 -0.134824
May -0.022086 -0.086730
Jun. -0.020207 -0.038821
Jul. -0.018066 -0.038807
Aug. -0.012596 -0.013727
Sep. 0.000745 -0.013747
Oct. 0.002679 0.087406
Nov. 0.003967 0.081764
Dec. 0.020942 0.055400
2021 Jan. 0.031542 0.095939
Feb. 0.036992 0.089958
Mar. 0.032489 0.100439
Apr. 0.027684 0.118089
May 0.039237 0.090003
Jun. 0.046958 0.092104
Jul. 0.055202 0.155191
Aug. 0.043277 0.099648
Sep. 0.030647 0.099680
Oct. 0.024974 0.029762
Nov. 0.024930 0.029782
Dec. 0.048502 0.076540
2022 Jan. 0.052443 0.083931
Feb. 0.057645 0.218892
Mar. 0.077010 0.219695
Apr. 0.091936 0.227468
May 0.077206 0.215778
Jun. 0.083780 0.287274
Jul. 0.080306 0.310288
Aug. 0.071182 0.325131
Sep. 0.075642 0.370535
Oct. 0.084824 0.359700
Nov. 0.076933 0.360333
Dec. 0.060482 0.350827
Source: Consumer Prices program.

For more information, please see section "revisions and seasonal adjustment" of Consumer Price Index: The Bank of Canada's Preferred Measures of Core Inflation Methodology Document (statcan.gc.ca) or A Comprehensive Evaluation of Measures of Core Inflation for Canada - Bank of Canada. If you have any questions or comments, please contact us at (statcan.cpddisseminationunit-dpcunitedediffusion.statcan@statcan.gc.ca).

Amendment to the Employee Wellness Surveys and Pulse Check Surveys PIA - Supplemental Assessment of the Hard-to-Reach Populations Internal Pilot

Introduction

This is a Supplemental assessment related to the activities originally assessed in the Employee Wellness Surveys and Pulse Check Surveys (EWS) Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA).

Objective

A privacy impact assessment for the Hard-to-Reach Populations Internal Pilot was conducted to determine if there were any privacy, confidentiality or security issues with this activity and, if so, to make recommendations for their resolution or mitigation.

Description

Statistics Canada's Hard-to-Reach Populations (H2RP) internal pilot component of the EWS aims to gain insight into the factors that contributed to nonresponse by employees who could have participated in the November and December 2021 collection of the EWS, but who chose not to do so. The EWS program is comprised of a main survey and series of pulse check surveys administered to the employees of StatCan, all conducted under the Financial Administration Act (FAA). It was conceived to help assess and improve employee wellness across the agency, but the recent survey only achieved an estimated 56% response rate. The H2RP internal pilot will follow-up with a small sample of the EWS nonrespondents using a respondent-driven sampling (RDS) methodology in order to reach employees who are reluctant, or who do not tend, to respond to more-traditional survey approaches. Short personal interviews will be conducted by the Consultative Engagement (CE) team from Stakeholder Relations and Engagement. Participants will be encouraged and told how to recruit more participants from amongst their peers, who will in turn contact the CE team in order to schedule an appointment for an interview to be conducted.

The pilot addresses an HR business need (program-related policy updates to motivate nonrespondents - in this case, employees - to respond to future surveys) by using respondent-driven sampling to reach and convince EWS nonrespondents to participate.

To address the new focus, the following activities will be carried out:

  1. Hard-to-Reach Populations pilot
    The pilot targets nonrespondents from the EWS. Each participant will complete a short 15-minute personal interview before being provided with a "coupon-code" and asked to pass it on to three of their colleagues. In turn, those secondary (recruited) individuals will also be asked to do the same until the respondent-driven sampling activity concludes. The follow-up study targets 300 participants over six to eight waves with the expectation that the realized sample reaches a point of pseudo-randomness. In addition to the content related specifically to nonresponse, the study questionnaire will collect demographic information, a self-assessment by participants of how many peers are in their "personal network", and a number of wellness indicators (as asked in the EWS). The demographic and held-over wellness items will be used, respectively, to assess the realized sample's randomness and to gauge the relationship between the EWS survey topic and nonresponse.
  2. EWS follow-up and use of results
    Through the follow-up questionnaire, the business needs as they pertain to survey nonresponse will be investigated. These business needs target barriers to and facilitators of survey response that may, respectively, hinder or enhance employees' willingness to participate in future survey-based research (e.g., the second iteration of the EWS or other internal surveys).
    The business needs to be addressed are related to identifying factors that are psychosocial in nature (e.g., workload, burn-out) and those that are not (e.g., inadequate explanation of the purpose of the survey, benefits of completing the survey). As such, personal interviews will include questions aimed at investigating various barriers and facilitators which nonrespondents may have encountered, and contributed to their nonresponse to the original survey. Additionally, a limited subset of questions from the original EWS have been included which may be considered psychosocial barriers or facilitators.
    In order to address these business needs, de-identified microdata from the pilot will be used to conduct statistical analyses of differences between responses from participants in the pilot study and previously collected information from respondents to the EWS. Any disaggregation of data will only be considered if the subsamples of interest (e.g., gender) are large enough to mitigate any potential privacy concerns and are amenable to statistical analysis.
    Only aggregate statistical outputs conforming to the confidentiality provisions of what would have been required if the information had been collected under the Statistics Act will be considered for release. Research findings, if disseminated outside of the project team, would be through peer-reviewed academic publications.

Risk Area Identification and Categorization

The PIA identifies the level of potential risk (level 1 is the lowest level of potential risk and level 4 is the highest) associated with the following risk areas:

Risk Area Identification and Categorization

a) Type of program or activity

Risk scale

Program or activity that does not involve a decision about an identifiable individual.

1

b) Type of personal information involved and context

Only personal information, with no contextual sensitivities, collected directly from the individual or provided with the consent of the individual for disclosure under an authorized program.

1

c) Program or activity partners and private sector involvement

Within the institution (among one or more programs within the same institution)

1

d) Duration of the program or activity

Short-term program or activity.

2

e) Program population

The program's use of personal information is not for administrative purposes. Information is collected for statistical purposes, for use by programs operating under the authority of the Statistics Act.

N/A

f) Personal information transmission

The personal information is transmitted using wireless technologies.

4

g) Technology and privacy

No issues identified.

h) Potential risk that in the event of a privacy breach, there will be an impact on the individual or employee.

The risk of privacy breach and the impact on the individual or employee are both low.

i) Potential risk that in the event of a privacy breach, there will be an impact on the institution.

The risk of privacy breach and the impact on the institution are both low.

Conclusion

This assessment of the Supplemental Assessment of Hard-to-Reach Populations Internal Pilot
did not identify any privacy risks that cannot be managed using existing safeguards.

Amendment to the Microsoft 365 PIA

Privacy Impact Assessment Amendment Summary

Introduction

A Privacy Impact Assessment Amendment was conducted to evaluate changes to Microsoft 365.

Objective

An amendment to the privacy impact assessment (PIA) for Microsoft 365 (M365) was conducted to determine if there were any privacy, confidentiality or security issues with changes to this product and, if so, to make recommendations for their resolution or mitigation.

Description

The following amendments shall be applied to the Microsoft 365 PIA (signed by the Chief Statistician October 5, 2021):

  • The M365 Teams application now includes Voice Over Internet Protocol (VOIP) functionality for use by statistical survey operations interviewers in place of traditional telephones to conduct Computer Assisted Telephone Interviews (CATI).
  • M365 may now also be used with deemed employees to discuss personal information or statistically sensitive information.
  • Users are no longer being discouraged from completing M365 personal profile information.
  • Sensitive statistical information that could be contained or referenced within M365 could now also include pre-release data.

Risk Area Identification and Categorization

The risk area identification and categorization remains unchanged.

Conclusion

This assessment of changes to Microsoft 365 did not identify any privacy risks that cannot be managed using existing safeguards.

Monthly Survey of Manufacturing: National Weighted Rates by Source and Characteristic - November 2022

National Weighted Rates by Source and Characteristic - October 2022
Table summary
The information is grouped by Sales of goods manufactured, Raw materials and components, Goods / work in process, Finished goods manufactured, Unfilled Orders, Capacity utilization rates (appearing as row headers), and Data source as the first row of column headers, then Response or edited, and Imputed as the second row of column headers, calculated by percentage.
  Data source
Response or edited Imputed
%
Sales of goods manufactured 87.1 12.9
Raw materials and components 73.9 26.1
Goods / work in process 79.7 20.3
Finished goods manufactured 75.2 24.8
Unfilled Orders 85.6 14.4
Capacity utilization rates 71.5 28.5