Infosheet - International Study of Adults

Infosheet - International Study of Adults (PDF, 8.77 MB)
Infosheet - International Study of Adults
Description: Infosheet - International Study of Adults

Statistics Canada has been collecting information on literacy, numeracy, and problem-solving skills of adults since 1994. A total of 32 countries are participating in the 2022 International Study of Adults (ISA).

Average literacy score by province and territory in Canada

Literacy results are represented on a score scale of 0 to 500

Average literacy score by province and territory in Canada
Province / Territory Score
Prince Edward Island 278
Alberta 278
Yukon 277
Ontario 276
British Columbia 275
Nova Scotia 274
Manitoba 274
Saskatchewan 272
Quebec 269
New Brunswick 268
Newfoundland and Labrador 265
Northwest Territories 253
Nunavut 219
Source: Statistics Canada, ISA, 2012

Top 15 countries literacy average scores over 38 participating countries

Top 15 countries literacy average scores over 38 participating countries
  Country Score
1 Japan 296
2 Finland 288
3 Netherlands 284
4 New Zealand 281
5 Australia 280
6 Sweden 279
7 Norway 278
8 Estonia 276
9 Flanders (Belgium) 275
10 Russian Federation 275
11 Czech Republic 274
12 Slovak Republic 274
13 Canada 274
14 England (UK) 273
15 Korea 273
Source: Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC) (2012, 2015, 2018)

Your participation in this study will help ensure Canada is:

  • preparing for future learning demands
  • providing the skills Canadians need to succeed at work and in everyday life
  • shaping a new path for technological advancement
  • understanding how their adult population is performing in comparison to other countries
  • improving the skills Canadians need to participate more successfully in today's society and economy

Did you know?

  • Your answers represent about 1000 Canadians!
  • Canada ranked above the average of all participating countries in the three domains (literacy, numeracy, and problem solving)
  • People with higher skills are more likely to report better health and to participate in volunteer activities in their communities

To learn more about ISA

Please visit International Study of Adults (ISA)

Additional information

Our agents are available Monday to Friday (except holidays) from 8:30 am to 4:30 pm.

Email: infostats@statcan.gc.ca

Telephone: 1-833-977-8287

In April 2022, questions measuring the Labour Market Indicators were added to the Labour Force Survey as a supplement.

Question wording within the collection application is controlled dynamically based on responses provided throughout the survey.

Labour Market Indicators

WFH_Q01 / EQ1 – At the present time, in which of the following locations does (respondent's name/this person) usually work as part of (his/her/their) main job or business?

WFH_Q02 / EQ2 – Last week, what proportion of (his/her/their) work hours did (respondent's name/this person) work at home as part of (his/her/their) main job or business?

TLW_Q01 / EQ3 – While working at home in (his/her/their) main job or business, how frequently does (respondent's name/this person) use the following technologies to complete (his/her/their) work?

TLW_Q02 / EQ4 – While working at home in (his/her/their) main job or business, does (respondent's name/this person) usually work remotely with people who are in a location other than (his/her/their) home?

SCH_Q01 / EQ5 – Which of the following best describes (respondent's name/this person)'s usual work schedule at (his/her/their) main job or business?

SCH_Q02 / EQ6 – At (his/her/their) main job or business, does (respondent's name/this person) have a flexible schedule that allows (him/her/them) to choose the time when (his/her/their) work day begins and ends?

WFR_Q01 / EQ7 – At (his/her/their) main job or business, how easy is it for (respondent's name/this person) to take an hour or two off for personal or family matters during working hours?

WFR_Q02 / EQ8 – Over the last month, how often has it been difficult for (respondent's name/this person) to fulfill (his/her/their) family responsibilities because of the amount of time (he/she/they) spent working?

BEN_Q01 / EQ9 – Over the last month, that is since (previous month) 15 to today, has (respondent's name/this person) received a payment for any of the following types of benefits?

In March 2022, questions measuring the Labour Market Indicators were added to the Labour Force Survey as a supplement.

Question wording within the collection application is controlled dynamically based on responses provided throughout the survey.

Labour Market Indicators

WFH_Q01 / EQ1 – At the present time, in which of the following locations does (respondent's name/this person) usually work as part of (his/her/their) main job or business?

WFH_Q02 / EQ2 – Last week, what proportion of (his/her/their) work hours did (respondent's name/this person) work at home as part of (his/her/their) main job or business?

CAR_Q01 / EQ3 – To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

(Respondent's name/This person)'s main job offers good prospects for career advancement.

RESW_Q01 / EQ4 – Imagine that (respondent's name/this person) found a suitable job. What is the lowest amount of pay, before taxes, that (he/she/they) would be prepared to accept?

BEN_Q01 / EQ5 – Over the last month, that is since (previous month) 15 to today, has (respondent's name/this person) received a payment for any of the following types of benefits?

In February 2022, questions measuring the Labour Market Indicators were added to the Labour Force Survey as a supplement.

Question wording within the collection application is controlled dynamically based on responses provided throughout the survey.

Labour Market Indicators

WFH_Q01 / EQ1 – At the present time, in which of the following locations does (respondent's name/this person) usually work as part of (his/her/their) main job or business?

WFH_Q02 / EQ2 – Last week, what proportion of (his/her/their) work hours did (respondent's name/this person) work at home as part of (his/her/their) main job or business?

WFH_Q03 / EQ3 – Would (respondent's name/this person) move to another location in the province if a suitable job were offered?

WFH_Q04 / EQ4 – Would (respondent's name/this person) move to another province if a suitable job were offered?

WFH_Q05 / EQ5 – Imagine that (respondent's name/this person) found a suitable job. What is the lowest amount of pay, before taxes, that (he/she/they) would be prepared to accept?

WFH_Q06 / EQ6 – Over the last month, that is since (previous month) 15 to today, has (respondent's name/this person) received a payment for any of the following types of benefits?

In January 2022, questions measuring the Labour Market Indicators were added to the Labour Force Survey as a supplement.

Question wording within the collection application is controlled dynamically based on responses provided throughout the survey.

Labour Market Indicators

WFH_Q01 / EQ1 – At the present time, in which of the following locations does (respondent's name/this person) usually work as part of (his/her/their) main job or business?

WFH_Q02 / EQ2 – Last week, what proportion of (his/her/their) work hours did (respondent's name/this person) work at home as part of (his/her/their) main job or business?

WFH_Q03 / EQ3 – In the next 12 months, is (respondent's name/this person) planning on leaving (his/her/their) main job or business?

WFH_Q04 / EQ4 – What is the main reason why (respondent's name/this person) is planning on leaving (his/her/their) main job or business?

WFH_Q05 / EQ5 – Over the last month, that is since (previous month) 15 to today, has (respondent's name/this person) received a payment for any of the following types of benefits?

Wholesale Trade Survey (monthly): CVs for total sales by geography - October 2022

Wholesale Trade Survey (monthly): CVs for total sales by geography - October 2022
Geography Month
202110 202111 202112 202201 202202 202203 202204 202205 202206 202207 202208 202209 202210
percentage
Canada 0.7 0.8 1.2 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6
Newfoundland and Labrador 0.3 0.4 0.4 1.0 0.6 1.5 1.9 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.5
Prince Edward Island 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nova Scotia 2.4 2.8 5.9 2.8 1.8 2.5 2.7 3.5 1.6 4.7

2.5

1.9 2.9
New Brunswick 2.2 4.0 1.4 3.2 0.5 1.4 2.9 1.3 1.2 2.1 3.0 1.7 2.1
Quebec 1.6 1.7 1.9 2.2 1.4 1.4 2.5 1.9 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.4
Ontario 1.1 1.3 2.1 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.1 0.9 1.0 0.9
Manitoba 1.7 1.2 1.5 1.7 1.6 0.6 0.8 1.8 1.7 1.2 1.0 1.5 2.1
Saskatchewan 1.0 0.8 0.5 0.9 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 1.1 1.2 0.5
Alberta 1.4 2.0 1.0 1.8 1.6 0.8 1.8 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.4 0.8 1.1
British Columbia 1.2 1.7 1.3 1.6 2.3 1.6 1.4 1.6 2.1 1.9 1.6 1.8 2.6
Yukon Territory 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northwest Territories 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nunavut 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Structural Economic and Lasting Social Changes: Enduring Impact of COVID-19 on the Health of Canadians. A proposed framework to track an evolving health landscape in Canada. Statistics Canada - December 2022

Video - Structural Economic and Lasting Social Changes: Enduring Impact of COVID-19 on the Health of Canadians

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the lives of Canadians in many ways. Tracking the impact of the pandemic on health requires short and long-term thinking. In this presentation, you will learn about how Statistics Canada has been responsive to evolving health data needs through the identification of research priorities, development of new survey content, making projections into the future and producing new dissemination products to reach more Canadians.

Why are we conducting this survey?

This survey is conducted by Statistics Canada in order to collect the necessary information to support the Integrated Business Statistics Program (IBSP). This program combines various survey and administrative data to develop comprehensive measures of the Canadian economy.

The statistical information from the IBSP serves many purposes, including:

  • Obtaining information on the supply of and/or demand for energy in Canada
  • Enabling governmental agencies to fulfill their regulatory responsibilities in regards to public utilities
  • Enabling all levels of government to establish informed policies in the energy area
  • Assisting the business community in the corporate decision-making process.

Your information may also be used by Statistics Canada for other statistical and research purposes.

Your participation in this survey is required under the authority of the Statistics Act.

Other important information

Authorization to collect this information

Data are collected under the authority of the Statistics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, Chapter S-19.

Confidentiality

By law, Statistics Canada is prohibited from releasing any information it collects that could identify any person, business, or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent, or as permitted by the Statistics Act. Statistics Canada will use the information from this survey for statistical purposes only.

Record linkages

To enhance the data from this survey and to reduce the reporting burden, Statistics Canada may combine the acquired data with information from other surveys or from administrative sources.

Data-sharing agreements

To reduce respondent burden, Statistics Canada has entered into data-sharing agreements with provincial and territorial statistical agencies and other government organizations, which have agreed to keep the data confidential and use them only for statistical purposes. Statistics Canada will only share data from this survey with those organizations that have demonstrated a requirement to use the data.

Section 11 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with provincial and territorial statistical agencies that meet certain conditions. These agencies must have the legislative authority to collect the same information, on a mandatory basis, and the legislation must provide substantially the same provisions for confidentiality and penalties for disclosure of confidential information as the Statistics Act. Because these agencies have the legal authority to compel businesses to provide the same information, consent is not requested and businesses may not object to the sharing of the data.

For this survey, there are Section 11 agreements with the provincial and territorial statistical agencies of Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Québec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia and the Yukon. The shared data will be limited to information pertaining to business establishments located within the jurisdiction of the respective province or territory.

Section 12 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with federal, provincial or territorial government organizations. Under Section 12, you may refuse to share your information with any of these organizations by writing a letter of objection to the Chief Statistician, specifying the organizations with which you do not want Statistics Canada to share your data and mailing it to the following address:

Chief Statistician of Canada
Statistics Canada
Attention of Director, Enterprise Statistics Division
150 Tunney's Pasture Driveway
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0T6

You may also contact us by email at statcan.esd-helpdesk-dse-bureaudedepannage.statcan@statcan.gc.ca or by fax at 613-951-6583.

For this survey, there are Section 12 agreements with the statistical agencies of Prince Edward Island, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut as well as with the Newfoundland and Labrador Department of Natural Resources, the New Brunswick Department of Environment and Local Government, the ministère des Finances du Québec, the ministère de l'Environnement et de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques du Québec, the ministère de l'Énergie et des Ressources naturelles du Québec, the Manitoba Department of Growth, Enterprise and Trade, the Saskatchewan Ministry of the Economy, Alberta Energy, the British Columbia Ministry of Energy, Mines and Low Carbon Innovation, the Canada Energy Regulator, Natural Resources Canada and Environment and Climate Change Canada.

For agreements with provincial and territorial government organizations, the shared data will be limited to information pertaining to business establishments located within the jurisdiction of the respective province or territory.

Note that there is no right of refusal with respect to sharing the data with the Saskatchewan Ministry of the Economy for businesses also required to report under The Oil and Gas Conservation Act and Regulations (Saskatchewan) and The Mineral Resources Act (Saskatchewan).

The Saskatchewan Ministry of the Economy will use the information obtained from these businesses in accordance with the provisions of its respective Acts and Regulations.

Business or organization and contact information

1. Verify or provide the business or organization's legal and operating name and correct where needed.

Note: Legal name modifications should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

Note: Press the help button (?) for additional information.

Legal Name
The legal name is one recognized by law, thus it is the name liable for pursuit or for debts incurred by the business or organization. In the case of a corporation, it is the legal name as fixed by its charter or the statute by which the corporation was created.

Modifications to the legal name should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

To indicate a legal name of another legal entity you should instead indicate it in question 3 by selecting 'Not currently operational' and then choosing the applicable reason and providing the legal name of this other entity along with any other requested information.

Operating Name
The operating name is a name the business or organization is commonly known as if different from its legal name. The operating name is synonymous with trade name.

Legal name

Operating name (if applicable)

2. Verify or provide the contact information of the designated business or organization contact person for this questionnaire and correct where needed.

Note: The designated contact person is the person who should receive this questionnaire. The designated contact person may not always be the one who actually completes the questionnaire.

First name

Last name

Title

Preferred language of communication

  • English
  • French

Mailing address (number and street)

City

Province, territory or state

Postal code or ZIP code

Country

  • Canada
  • United States

Email address

Telephone number (including area code)

Extension number (if applicable)
The maximum number of characters is 10.

Fax number (including area code)

3. Verify or provide the current operational status of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

  • Operational
  • Not currently operational
    Why is this business or organization not currently operational?
    • Seasonal operations
      • When did this business or organization close for the season?
        • Date
      • When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
        • Date
    • Ceased operations
      • When did this business or organization cease operations?
        • Date
      • Why did this business or organization cease operations?
        • Bankruptcy
        • Liquidation
        • Dissolution
        • Other - specify the other reasons why the operations ceased
    • Sold operations
      • When was this business or organization sold?
        • Date
      • What is the legal name of the buyer?
    • Amalgamated with other businesses or organizations
      • When did this business or organization amalgamate?
        • Date
      • What is the legal name of the resulting or continuing business or organization?
      • What are the legal names of the other amalgamated businesses or organizations?
    • Temporarily inactive but will re-open
      • When did this business or organization become temporarily inactive?
        • Date
      • When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
        • Date
      • Why is this business or organization temporarily inactive?
    • No longer operating due to other reasons
      • When did this business or organization cease operations?
        • Date
      • Why did this business or organization cease operations?

4. Verify or provide the current main activity of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

Note: The described activity was assigned using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

Note: Press the help button (?) for additional information, including a detailed description of this activity complete with example activities and any applicable exclusions.

This question verifies the business or organization's current main activity as classified by the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) is an industry classification system developed by the statistical agencies of Canada, Mexico and the United States. Created against the background of the North American Free Trade Agreement, it is designed to provide common definitions of the industrial structure of the three countries and a common statistical framework to facilitate the analysis of the three economies. NAICS is based on supply-side or production-oriented principles, to ensure that industrial data, classified to NAICS , are suitable for the analysis of production-related issues such as industrial performance.

The target entity for which NAICS is designed are businesses and other organizations engaged in the production of goods and services. They include farms, incorporated and unincorporated businesses and government business enterprises. They also include government institutions and agencies engaged in the production of marketed and non-marketed services, as well as organizations such as professional associations and unions and charitable or non-profit organizations and the employees of households.

The associated NAICS should reflect those activities conducted by the business or organizational units targeted by this questionnaire only, as identified in the 'Answering this questionnaire' section and which can be identified by the specified legal and operating name. The main activity is the activity which most defines the targeted business or organization's main purpose or reason for existence. For a business or organization that is for-profit, it is normally the activity that generates the majority of the revenue for the entity.

The NAICS classification contains a limited number of activity classifications; the associated classification might be applicable for this business or organization even if it is not exactly how you would describe this business or organization's main activity.

Please note that any modifications to the main activity through your response to this question might not necessarily be reflected prior to the transmitting of subsequent questionnaires and as a result they may not contain this updated information.

The following is the detailed description including any applicable examples or exclusions for the classification currently associated with this business or organization.

Description and examples

  • This is the current main activity
  • This is not the current main activity

Provide a brief but precise description of this business or organization's main activity

e.g., breakfast cereal manufacturing, shoe store, software development

Main activity

5. You indicated that is not the current main activity.

Was this business or organization's main activity ever classified as: ?

  • Yes
  • No

When did the main activity change?
Date

6. Search and select the industry classification code that best corresponds to this business or organization's main activity.

Select this business or organization's activity sector (optional)

  • Farming or logging operation
  • Construction company or general contractor
  • Manufacturer
  • Wholesaler
  • Retailer
  • Provider of passenger or freight transportation
  • Provider of investment, savings or insurance products
  • Real estate agency, real estate brokerage or leasing company
  • Provider of professional, scientific or technical services
  • Provider of health care or social services
  • Restaurant, bar, hotel, motel or other lodging establishment
  • Other sector

Method of collection

1. Indicate whether you will be answering the remaining questions or attaching files with the required information.

  • Answering the remaining questions
  • Attaching files

Attach files

2. Our records indicate that this business fulfills its reporting obligations using file attachment(s). Please attach the required file(s) containing your monthly coal supply and disposition information for [Month] 2023. You may also attach other files you feel are necessary.

To attach files

  • Press the Attach files button.
  • Choose the file to attach. Multiple files can be attached.

Note:

  • Each file must not exceed 5 MB .
  • All attachments combined must not exceed 50 MB .
  • The name and size of each file attached will be displayed on the page.

Production of raw coal from mining operations

1. What was the net production of raw coal in metric tonnes for this business in [month] from the following mining operations?

Underground run-of-mine production
Please report the total amount of coal mined in underground facilities, in metric tonnes.

Surface run-of-mine production
Please report the total amount of coal mined in surface facilities, in metric tonnes.

Sent to discard heap
Please report the total amount of coal discarded as unusable from the total amount mined (underground and surface production), in metric tonnes.

Reclaimed from discard heap, tailing pond etc.
Please report the total amount of coal reclaimed as usable from discard heap or tailing ponds, in metric tonnes.

What was the net production of raw coal in metric tonnes for this business in [month] from the following mining operations?
Mining operation Metric tonnes
a. Gross underground 'run-of-mine' production  
b. Gross surface 'run-of-mine' production  
c. Sent to the 'discard heap'  
d. Coal reclaimed from 'discard heap'  
Total net production of raw coal from mining operations  

Coal imported from foreign countries

2. Did this business import raw coal from foreign countries?

Include receipts of coal at ports.

  • Yes
  • No

From which foreign countries did this business import raw coal?

Select all that apply.

  • United States
  • Colombia
  • United Kingdom
  • Netherlands
  • Venezuela
  • Norway
  • Other 1 - Specify the other country
  • Other 2 - Specify the other country
  • Other 3 - Specify the other country
  • Other 4 - Specify the other country
  • Other 5 - Specify the other country

3. What was the quantity of raw coal imported from the following foreign countries?

Please provide the quantity, in metric tonnes, of raw coal imported internationally - coal that is to be processed at the preparation plant specified.

What was the quantity of raw coal imported from the following foreign countries?
Country Metric tonnes
a. United States  
b. Colombia  
c. United Kingdom  
d. Netherlands  
e. Venezuela  
f. Norway  
g. [Other 1]  
h. [Other 2]  
i. [Other 3]  
j. [Other 4]  
k. [Other 5]  
Total quantity of raw coal imported from foreign countries  

4. Did this business import metallurgical coal from foreign countries?

Include receipts of coal at ports.

  • Yes
  • No

From which foreign countries did this business import metallurgical coal?

Select all that apply.

  • United States
  • Colombia
  • United Kingdom
  • Netherlands
  • Venezuela
  • Norway
  • Other 1 - Specify the other country
  • Other 2 - Specify the other country
  • Other 3 - Specify the other country
  • Other 4 - Specify the other country
  • Other 5 - Specify the other country

5. What was the quantity of metallurgical coal imported from the following foreign countries?

Please provide the quantity, in metric tonnes, of metallurgical coal imported internationally - coal that is to be processed at the preparation plant specified.

What was the quantity of metallurgical coal imported from the following foreign countries?
Country Metric tonnes
a. United States  
b. Colombia  
c. United Kingdom  
d. Netherlands  
e. Venezuela  
f. Norway  
g. [Other 1]  
h. [Other 2]  
i. [Other 3]  
j. [Other 4]  
k. [Other 5]  
Total quantity of metallurgical coal imported from foreign countries  

6. Did this business import thermal coal from foreign countries?

Include receipts of coal at ports.

  • Yes
  • No

From which foreign countries did this business import thermal coal?

Select all that apply.

  • United States
  • Colombia
  • United Kingdom
  • Netherlands
  • Venezuela
  • Norway
  • Other 1 - Specify the other country
  • Other 2 - Specify the other country
  • Other 3 - Specify the other country
  • Other 4 - Specify the other country
  • Other 5 - Specify the other country

7. What was the quantity of thermal coal imported from the following foreign countries?

Please provide the quantity, in metric tonnes, of thermal coal imported internationally - coal that is to be processed at the preparation plant specified.

What was the quantity of thermal coal imported from the following foreign countries?
Country Metric tonnes
a. United States  
b. Colombia  
c. United Kingdom  
d. Netherlands  
e. Venezuela  
f. Norway  
g. [Other 1]  
h. [Other 2]  
i. [Other 3]  
j. [Other 4]  
k. [Other 5]  
Total quantity of thermal coal imported from foreign countries  

Coal purchased or received from domestic Canadian companies

8. Did this business purchase or receive raw coal from domestic Canadian companies?

Include receipts of coal at ports.

  • Yes
  • No

From which provinces or territories did this business purchase or receive raw coal from domestic Canadian companies?

Select all that apply.

  • Newfoundland and Labrador
  • Prince Edward Island
  • Nova Scotia
  • New Brunswick
  • Quebec
  • Ontario
  • Manitoba
  • Saskatchewan
  • Alberta
  • British Columbia
  • Yukon
  • Northwest Territories
  • Nunavut

9. What was the quantity of raw coal purchased or received from domestic Canadian companies in the following provinces or territories?

Domestic raw coal
Please report the amount of raw coal that was purchased or received from domestic Canadian companies; by province and territory, in metric tonnes.

What was the quantity of raw coal purchased or received from domestic Canadian companies in the following provinces or territories?
Province or territory Metric tonnes
a. Newfoundland and Labrador  
b. Prince Edward Island  
c. Nova Scotia  
d. New Brunswick  
e. Quebec  
f. Ontario  
g. Manitoba  
h. Saskatchewan  
i. Alberta  
j. British Columbia  
k. Yukon  
l. Northwest Territories  
m. Nunavut  
Total quantity of raw coal purchased or received from domestic Canadian companies  

10. Did this business purchase or receive metallurgical coal from domestic Canadian companies?

Include receipts of coal at ports.

  • Yes
  • No

From which provinces or territories did this business purchase or receive metallurgical coal from domestic Canadian companies?

Select all that apply.

  • Newfoundland and Labrador
  • Prince Edward Island
  • Nova Scotia
  • New Brunswick
  • Quebec
  • Ontario
  • Manitoba
  • Saskatchewan
  • Alberta
  • British Columbia
  • Yukon
  • Northwest Territories
  • Nunavut

11. What was the quantity of metallurgical coal purchased or received from domestic Canadian companies in the following provinces or territories?

Domestic metallurgical coal
Please report the amount of metallurgical coal that was purchased or received from domestic Canadian companies; by province and territory, in metric tonnes.

What was the quantity of metallurgical coal purchased or received from domestic Canadian companies in the following provinces or territories?
Province or territory Metric tonnes
a. Newfoundland and Labrador  
b. Prince Edward Island  
c. Nova Scotia  
d. New Brunswick  
e. Quebec  
f. Ontario  
g. Manitoba  
h. Saskatchewan  
i. Alberta  
j. British Columbia  
k. Yukon  
l. Northwest Territories  
m. Nunavut  
Total quantity of metallurgical coal purchased or received from domestic Canadian companies  

12. Did this business purchase or receive thermal coal from domestic Canadian companies?

Include receipts of coal at ports.

  • Yes
  • No

From which provinces or territories did this business purchase or receive thermal coal from domestic Canadian companies?

Select all that apply.

  • Newfoundland and Labrador
  • Prince Edward Island
  • Nova Scotia
  • New Brunswick
  • Quebec
  • Ontario
  • Manitoba
  • Saskatchewan
  • Alberta
  • British Columbia
  • Yukon
  • Northwest Territories
  • Nunavut

13. What was the quantity of thermal coal purchased or received from domestic Canadian companies in the following provinces or territories?

Domestic thermal coal
Please report the amount of thermal coal that was purchased or received from domestic Canadian companies; by province and territory, in metric tonnes.

What was the quantity of thermal coal purchased or received from domestic Canadian companies in the following provinces or territories?
Province or territory Metric tonnes
a. Newfoundland and Labrador  
b. Prince Edward Island  
c. Nova Scotia  
d. New Brunswick  
e. Quebec  
f. Ontario  
g. Manitoba  
h. Saskatchewan  
i. Alberta  
j. British Columbia  
k. Yukon  
l. Northwest Territories  
m. Nunavut  
Total quantity of thermal coal purchased or received from domestic Canadian companies  

Production of coal

14. What was the output of coal from this business's mining operations?

Raw coal
Please report the amount of raw coal processed at the preparation plants, in metric tonnes.

Metallurgical coal
Please report the amount of metallurgical coal output processed at the preparation plants, in metric tonnes.

Thermal coal
Please report the medium quality coal obtained in preparation plants after removing the moisture and debris from bituminous coal, in metric tonnes. Thermal coal is mostly used for electric power generation.

Plant losses
Please report the amount of raw coal lost during the production process at the plant (moisture, debris, etc. ) in metric tonnes.

What was the output of coal from this business's mining operations?
Mining operation Metric tonnes
a. Raw coal processed at preparation plants  
b. Preparation plant output of metallurgical coal  
c. Preparation plant output of thermal coal  
Preparation plant losses of raw coal during the production process (Total quantity = a - b - c)  

Total opening and closing inventories of coal located at the mine

15. What were this business's total opening and closing inventories of raw, metallurgical and thermal coal located at the mine?

Opening inventory is last month's closing inventory as provided by this business. Correct, if needed.

When opening inventory is blank, provide the opening inventory.

Inventories located at the mine

Opening inventory - Raw coal
Please report the inventories of raw/processed coal reported at the end of the previous month, in metric tonnes.

Opening inventory - Metallurgical coal
Please report the inventories of metallurgical coal reported at the end of the previous month, in metric tonnes.

Opening inventory - Thermal coal
Please report the inventories of thermal coal reported at the end of the previous month, in metric tonnes.

Closing inventory - Raw coal
Please report the inventories of raw/processed coal at the end of this reference month, in metric tonnes.

Closing inventory - Metallurgical coal
Please report the inventories of metallurgical coal at the end of this reference month, in metric tonnes.

Closing inventory - Thermal coal
Please report the inventories of thermal coal at the end of this reference month, in metric tonnes.

What were this business's total opening and closing inventories of raw, metallurgical and thermal coal located at the mine?
Inventory Metric tonnes
Total opening inventories located at the mine  
a. Raw coal located at the mine  
b. Metallurgical coal located at the mine  
c. Thermal coal located at the mine  
Total closing inventories located at the mine  
d. Raw coal located at the mine  
e. Metallurgical coal located at the mine  
f. Thermal coal located at the mine  

Summary of the total supply of coal

16. This is a summary of the marketable production of all coal types.

Adjustments
If you are reporting an adjusted decrease, use '-' in front of the value. Enter '0' if no adjustment.

This is a summary of the marketable production of all coal types.
Coal type Metric tonnes
Raw coal  
a. Total net production of raw coal from mining operations  
b. Total quantity of raw coal imported from foreign countries  
c. Total quantity of raw coal purchased or received from domestic Canadian companies  
d. Raw coal processed at preparation plants  
e. Total opening inventory of raw coal located at the mine  
f. Total closing inventory of raw coal located at the mine  
g. Adjustments  
Marketable production of raw coal (Total quantity = a + b + c - d + e - f + g)  
Metallurgical coal  
h. Total quantity of metallurgical coal imported from foreign countries  
i. Total quantity of metallurgical coal purchased or received from domestic Canadian companies  
j. Preparation plant output of metallurgical coal  
k. Total opening inventory of metallurgical coal located at the mine  
l. Total closing inventory of metallurgical coal located at the mine  
m. Adjustments  
Marketable production of metallurgical coal (Total quantity = h + i + j + k - l + m)  
Thermal coal  
n. Total quantity of thermal coal imported from foreign countries  
o. Total quantity of thermal coal purchased or received from domestic Canadian companies  
p. Preparation plant output of thermal coal  
q. Total opening inventory of thermal coal located at the mine  
r. Total closing inventory of thermal coal located at the mine  
s. Adjustments  
Marketable production of thermal coal (Total quantity = n + o + p + q - r + s)  

Average calorific value

17. What was the average calorific value for raw, metallurgical and thermal coal?

Report in megajoules per metric tonne.

Average Calorific Value
Please report the average calorific value of coal produced, by type of coal, in megajoules per metric tonne.

Calorific Value is the energy value of coal or the fuel content and is defined as the amount of potential energy in coal that can be converted into heating ability.

Raw coal, lignite
Non-agglomerating coal with a gross calorific value less than 20,000 kJ/kg and greater than 31% volatile matter on a dry mineral matter free basis.

Raw coal, sub-bituminous
Non-agglomerating coal with a gross calorific value equal to or greater than 20,000 kJ/kg and less than 24,000 kJ/kg containing more than 31% volatile matter on a dry mineral matter free basis.

Metallurgical / Coking coal
Bituminous coal with a quality that allows the production of a coke suitable to support a blast furnace charge. Its gross calorific value is equal to or greater than 24,000 kJ/kg on an ash-free but moist basis.

Thermal / Other bituminous coal
Coal mainly used for steam raising purposes and includes all bituminous coal that is not included under coking coal nor anthracite. It is characterized by higher volatile matter than anthracite (more than 10%) and lower carbon content (less than 90% fixed carbon). Its gross calorific value is equal to or greater than 24,000 kJ/kg on an ash-free but moist basis.

What was the average calorific value for raw, metallurgical and thermal coal?
Calorific value Megajoules per metric tonne
a. Raw coal  
b. Metallurgical coal  
c. Thermal coal  

Disposition of raw coal - business's own use

18. Did this business use raw coal for its own use?

Include boilers, power generation and cogeneration.

  • Yes
  • No

19. What was the quantity and value of raw coal consumed by this business for its own use?

Please report the quantity (in metric tonnes) and value of raw coal consumed for this business's own use.

Metric tonnes

CAN$ '000

Raw coal sales by types of customers

20. In [month], to which of the following types of customers did this business deliver and sell raw coal?

Exclude exports to other countries.

Select all that apply.

  • Electric power generating plants
    Please report the amount of raw coal sold to electric power generating plants by province or territory and their corresponding dollar values; in metric tonnes.
  • Industrial consumers: coal producers or domestic companies
    Please report the amount of raw coal sold to industrial consumers by province or territory and their corresponding dollar values; in metric tonnes.
  • Coke plants
    Please report the amount of raw coal sold to coke plants by province or territory and their corresponding dollar values; in metric tonnes.
  • Residential consumers
    Please report the amount of raw coal sold to residential consumers by province or territory and their corresponding dollar values; in metric tonnes.
  • Other end users
    Please report the amount of raw coal sold to other clients ( e.g., farmers) by province or territory and their corresponding dollar values; in metric tonnes.
  • Electric power generation stations
  • Industrial consumers — coal producers or domestic companies - e.g., wholesalers or distributors
  • Coke plants
  • Residential consumers
  • Other end users - e.g., steel plants, agriculture and farming, cement manufacturing, pulp and paper plants
  • This business did not deliver and sell raw coal during the reporting period

21. To which provinces or territories did this business deliver and sell raw coal to electric power generation stations?

Select all that apply.

  • Newfoundland and Labrador
  • Prince Edward Island
  • Nova Scotia
  • New Brunswick
  • Quebec
  • Ontario
  • Manitoba
  • Saskatchewan
  • Alberta
  • British Columbia
  • Yukon
  • Northwest Territories
  • Nunavut

22. What was the quantity and value of raw coal that this business delivered and sold to electric power generation stations?

What was the quantity and value of raw coal that this business delivered and sold to electric power generation stations?
Province or territory Metric tonnes CAN$ '000
a. Newfoundland and Labrador    
b. Prince Edward Island    
c. Nova Scotia    
d. New Brunswick    
e. Quebec    
f. Ontario    
g. Manitoba    
h. Saskatchewan    
i. Alberta    
j. British Columbia    
k. Yukon    
l. Northwest Territories    
m. Nunavut    
Total quantity and value of raw coal delivered and sold to electric power generation stations    

23. To which provinces or territories did this business deliver and sell raw coal to industrial consumers — coal producers or domestic companies?

Select all that apply.

  • Newfoundland and Labrador
  • Prince Edward Island
  • Nova Scotia
  • New Brunswick
  • Quebec
  • Ontario
  • Manitoba
  • Saskatchewan
  • Alberta
  • British Columbia
  • Yukon
  • Northwest Territories
  • Nunavut

24. What was the quantity and value of raw coal that this business delivered and sold to industrial consumers — coal producers or domestic companies?

What was the quantity and value of raw coal that this business delivered and sold to industrial consumers — coal producers or domestic companies?
Province or territory Metric tonnes CAN$ '000
a. Newfoundland and Labrador    
b. Prince Edward Island    
c. Nova Scotia    
d. New Brunswick    
e. Quebec    
f. Ontario    
g. Manitoba    
h. Saskatchewan    
i. Alberta    
j. British Columbia    
k. Yukon    
l. Northwest Territories    
m. Nunavut    
Total quantity and value of raw coal delivered and sold to industrial consumers    

25. To which provinces or territories did this business deliver and sell raw coal to coke plants?

Select all that apply.

  • Newfoundland and Labrador
  • Prince Edward Island
  • Nova Scotia
  • New Brunswick
  • Quebec
  • Ontario
  • Manitoba
  • Saskatchewan
  • Alberta
  • British Columbia
  • Yukon
  • Northwest Territories
  • Nunavut

26. What was the quantity and value of raw coal that this business delivered and sold to coke plants?

What was the quantity and value of raw coal that this business delivered and sold to coke plants?
Province or territory Metric tonnes CAN$ '000
a. Newfoundland and Labrador    
b. Prince Edward Island    
c. Nova Scotia    
d. New Brunswick    
e. Quebec    
f. Ontario    
g. Manitoba    
h. Saskatchewan    
i. Alberta    
j. British Columbia    
k. Yukon    
l. Northwest Territories    
m. Nunavut    
Total quantity and value of raw coal delivered and sold to coke plants    

27. To which provinces or territories did this business deliver and sell raw coal to residential consumers?

Select all that apply.

  • Newfoundland and Labrador
  • Prince Edward Island
  • Nova Scotia
  • New Brunswick
  • Quebec
  • Ontario
  • Manitoba
  • Saskatchewan
  • Alberta
  • British Columbia
  • Yukon
  • Northwest Territories
  • Nunavut

28. What was the quantity and value of raw coal that this business delivered and sold to residential consumers?

What was the quantity and value of raw coal that this business delivered and sold to residential consumers?
Province or territory Metric tonnes CAN$ '000
a. Newfoundland and Labrador    
b. Prince Edward Island    
c. Nova Scotia    
d. New Brunswick    
e. Quebec    
f. Ontario    
g. Manitoba    
h. Saskatchewan    
i. Alberta    
j. British Columbia    
k. Yukon    
l. Northwest Territories    
m. Nunavut    
Total quantity and value of raw coal delivered and sold to residential consumers    

29. To which provinces or territories did this business deliver and sell raw coal to other end users?

Select all that apply.

  • Newfoundland and Labrador
  • Prince Edward Island
  • Nova Scotia
  • New Brunswick
  • Quebec
  • Ontario
  • Manitoba
  • Saskatchewan
  • Alberta
  • British Columbia
  • Yukon
  • Northwest Territories
  • Nunavut

30. What was the quantity and value of raw coal that this business delivered and sold to other end users?

What was the quantity and value of raw coal that this business delivered and sold to other end users?
Province or territory Metric tonnes CAN$ '000
a. Newfoundland and Labrador    
b. Prince Edward Island    
c. Nova Scotia    
d. New Brunswick    
e. Quebec    
f. Ontario    
g. Manitoba    
h. Saskatchewan    
i. Alberta    
j. British Columbia    
k. Yukon    
l. Northwest Territories    
m. Nunavut    
Total quantity and value of raw coal delivered and sold to other end users    

Disposition of metallurgical coal - business's own use

31. Did this business use metallurgical coal for its own use?

Include boilers, power generation and cogeneration.

  • Yes
  • No

32. What was the quantity and value of metallurgical coal consumed by this business for its own use?

Please report the quantity (in metric tonnes) and value of metallurgical coal consumed for this business's own use.

Metric tonnes

CAN$ '000

Metallurgical coal sales by types of customers

33. In [month], to which of the following types of customers did this business deliver and sell metallurgical coal?

Exclude exports to other countries.

Select all that apply.

  • Electric power generating plants
    Please report the amount of metallurgical coal sold to electric power generating plants by province or territory and their corresponding dollar values; in metric tonnes.
  • Industrial consumers: coal producers or domestic companies
    Please report the amount of metallurgical coal sold to industrial consumers by province or territory and their corresponding dollar values; in metric tonnes.
  • Coke plants
    Please report the amount of metallurgical coal sold to coke plants by province or territory and their corresponding dollar values; in metric tonnes.
  • Residential consumers
    Please report the amount of metallurgical coal sold to residential consumers by province or territory and their corresponding dollar values; in metric tonnes.
  • Other end users
    Please report the amount of metallurgical coal sold to other clients ( e.g., farmers) by province or territory and their corresponding dollar values; in metric tonnes.
  • Electric power generation stations
  • Industrial consumers — coal producers or domestic companies - e.g., wholesalers or distributors
  • Coke plants
  • Residential consumers
  • Other end users - e.g., steel plants, agriculture and farming, cement manufacturing, pulp and paper plants
  • This business did not deliver and sell metallurgical coal during the reporting period

34. To which provinces or territories did this business deliver and sell metallurgical coal to electric power generation stations?

Select all that apply.

  • Newfoundland and Labrador
  • Prince Edward Island
  • Nova Scotia
  • New Brunswick
  • Quebec
  • Ontario
  • Manitoba
  • Saskatchewan
  • Alberta
  • British Columbia
  • Yukon
  • Northwest Territories
  • Nunavut

35. What was the quantity and value of metallurgical coal that this business delivered and sold to electric power generation stations?

What was the quantity and value of metallurgical coal that this business delivered and sold to electric power generation stations?
Province or territory Metric tonnes CAN$ '000
a. Newfoundland and Labrador    
b. Prince Edward Island    
c. Nova Scotia    
d. New Brunswick    
e. Quebec    
f. Ontario    
g. Manitoba    
h. Saskatchewan    
i. Alberta    
j. British Columbia    
k. Yukon    
l. Northwest Territories    
m. Nunavut    
Total quantity and value of metallurgical coal delivered and sold to electric power generation stations    

36. To which provinces or territories did this business deliver and sell metallurgical coal to industrial consumers — coal producers or domestic companies?

Select all that apply.

  • Newfoundland and Labrador
  • Prince Edward Island
  • Nova Scotia
  • New Brunswick
  • Quebec
  • Ontario
  • Manitoba
  • Saskatchewan
  • Alberta
  • British Columbia
  • Yukon
  • Northwest Territories
  • Nunavut

37. What was the quantity and value of metallurgical coal that this business delivered and sold to industrial consumers — coal producers or domestic companies?

What was the quantity and value of metallurgical coal that this business delivered and sold to industrial consumers — coal producers or domestic companies?
Province or territory Metric tonnes CAN$ '000
a. Newfoundland and Labrador    
b. Prince Edward Island    
c. Nova Scotia    
d. New Brunswick    
e. Quebec    
f. Ontario    
g. Manitoba    
h. Saskatchewan    
i. Alberta    
j. British Columbia    
k. Yukon    
l. Northwest Territories    
m. Nunavut    
Total quantity and value of metallurgical coal delivered and sold to industrial consumers    

38. To which provinces or territories did this business deliver and sell metallurgical coal to coke plants?

Select all that apply.

  • Newfoundland and Labrador
  • Prince Edward Island
  • Nova Scotia
  • New Brunswick
  • Quebec
  • Ontario
  • Manitoba
  • Saskatchewan
  • Alberta
  • British Columbia
  • Yukon
  • Northwest Territories
  • Nunavut

39. What was the quantity and value of metallurgical coal that this business delivered and sold to coke plants?

What was the quantity and value of metallurgical coal that this business delivered and sold to coke plants?
Province or territory Metric tonnes CAN$ '000
a. Newfoundland and Labrador    
b. Prince Edward Island    
c. Nova Scotia    
d. New Brunswick    
e. Quebec    
f. Ontario    
g. Manitoba    
h. Saskatchewan    
i. Alberta    
j. British Columbia    
k. Yukon    
l. Northwest Territories    
m. Nunavut    
Total quantity and value of metallurgical coal delivered and sold to coke plants    

40. To which provinces or territories did this business deliver and sell metallurgical coal to residential consumers?

Select all that apply.

  • Newfoundland and Labrador
  • Prince Edward Island
  • Nova Scotia
  • New Brunswick
  • Quebec
  • Ontario
  • Manitoba
  • Saskatchewan
  • Alberta
  • British Columbia
  • Yukon
  • Northwest Territories
  • Nunavut

41. What was the quantity and value of metallurgical coal that this business delivered and sold to residential consumers?

What was the quantity and value of metallurgical coal that this business delivered and sold to residential consumers?
Province or territory Metric tonnes CAN$ '000
a. Newfoundland and Labrador    
b. Prince Edward Island    
c. Nova Scotia    
d. New Brunswick    
e. Quebec    
f. Ontario    
g. Manitoba    
h. Saskatchewan    
i. Alberta    
j. British Columbia    
k. Yukon    
l. Northwest Territories    
m. Nunavut    
Total quantity and value of metallurgical coal delivered and sold to residential consumers    

42. To which provinces or territories did this business deliver and sell metallurgical coal to other end users?

Select all that apply.

  • Newfoundland and Labrador
  • Prince Edward Island
  • Nova Scotia
  • New Brunswick
  • Quebec
  • Ontario
  • Manitoba
  • Saskatchewan
  • Alberta
  • British Columbia
  • Yukon
  • Northwest Territories
  • Nunavut

43. What was the quantity and value of metallurgical coal that this business delivered and sold to other end users?

What was the quantity and value of metallurgical coal that this business delivered and sold to other end users?
Province or territory Metric tonnes CAN$ '000
a. Newfoundland and Labrador    
b. Prince Edward Island    
c. Nova Scotia    
d. New Brunswick    
e. Quebec    
f. Ontario    
g. Manitoba    
h. Saskatchewan    
i. Alberta    
j. British Columbia    
k. Yukon    
l. Northwest Territories    
m. Nunavut    
Total quantity and value of metallurgical coal delivered and sold to other end users    

Disposition of thermal coal - business's own use

44. Did this business use thermal coal for its own use?

Include boilers, power generation and cogeneration.

  • Yes
  • No

45. What was the quantity and value of thermal coal consumed by this business for its own use?

Please report the quantity (in metric tonnes) and value of thermal coal consumed for this business's own use.

Metric tonnes

CAN$ '000

Thermal coal sales by types of customers

46. In [month], to which of the following types of customers did this business deliver and sell thermal coal?

Exclude exports to other countries.

Select all that apply.

  • Electric power generating plants
    Please report the amount of thermal coal sold to electric power generating plants by province or territory and their corresponding dollar values; in metric tonnes.
  • Industrial consumers: coal producers or domestic companies
    Please report the amount of thermal coal sold to industrial consumers by province or territory and their corresponding dollar values; in metric tonnes.
  • Coke plants
    Please report the amount of thermal coal sold to coke plants by province or territory and their corresponding dollar values; in metric tonnes.
  • Residential consumers
    Please report the amount of thermal coal sold to residential consumers by province or territory and their corresponding dollar values; in metric tonnes.
  • Other end users
    Please report the amount of thermal coal sold to other clients ( e.g., farmers) by province or territory and their corresponding dollar values; in metric tonnes.
  • Electric power generation stations
  • Industrial consumers — coal producers or domestic companies
  • Coke plants
  • Residential consumers - e.g., steel plants, agriculture and farming, cement manufacturing, pulp and paper plants
  • Other end users - e.g., wholesalers or distributors
  • This business did not deliver or sell thermal coal during the reporting period

47. To which provinces or territories did this business deliver and sell thermal coal to electric power generation stations?

Select all that apply.

  • Newfoundland and Labrador
  • Prince Edward Island
  • Nova Scotia
  • New Brunswick
  • Quebec
  • Ontario
  • Manitoba
  • Saskatchewan
  • Alberta
  • British Columbia
  • Yukon
  • Northwest Territories
  • Nunavut

48. What was the quantity and value of thermal coal that this business delivered and sold to electric power generation stations?

What was the quantity and value of thermal coal that this business delivered and sold to electric power generation stations?
Province or territory Metric tonnes CAN$ '000
a. Newfoundland and Labrador    
b. Prince Edward Island    
c. Nova Scotia    
d. New Brunswick    
e. Quebec    
f. Ontario    
g. Manitoba    
h. Saskatchewan    
i. Alberta    
j. British Columbia    
k. Yukon    
l. Northwest Territories    
m. Nunavut    
Total quantity and value of thermal coal delivered and sold to electric power generation stations    

49. To which provinces or territories did this business deliver and sell thermal coal to industrial consumers — coal producers or domestic companies?

Select all that apply.

  • Newfoundland and Labrador
  • Prince Edward Island
  • Nova Scotia
  • New Brunswick
  • Quebec
  • Ontario
  • Manitoba
  • Saskatchewan
  • Alberta
  • British Columbia
  • Yukon
  • Northwest Territories
  • Nunavut

50. What was the quantity and value of thermal coal that this business delivered and sold to industrial consumers — coal producers or domestic companies?

What was the quantity and value of thermal coal that this business delivered and sold to industrial consumers — coal producers or domestic companies?
Province or territory Metric tonnes CAN$ '000
a. Newfoundland and Labrador    
b. Prince Edward Island    
c. Nova Scotia    
d. New Brunswick    
e. Quebec    
f. Ontario    
g. Manitoba    
h. Saskatchewan    
i. Alberta    
j. British Columbia    
k. Yukon    
l. Northwest Territories    
m. Nunavut    
Total quantity and value of thermal coal delivered and sold to industrial consumers    

51. To which provinces or territories did this business deliver and sell thermal coal to coke plants?

Select all that apply.

  • Newfoundland and Labrador
  • Prince Edward Island
  • Nova Scotia
  • New Brunswick
  • Quebec
  • Ontario
  • Manitoba
  • Saskatchewan
  • Alberta
  • British Columbia
  • Yukon
  • Northwest Territories
  • Nunavut

52. What was the quantity and value of thermal coal that this business delivered and sold to coke plants?

What was the quantity and value of thermal coal that this business delivered and sold to coke plants?
Province or territory Metric tonnes CAN$ '000
a. Newfoundland and Labrador    
b. Prince Edward Island    
c. Nova Scotia    
d. New Brunswick    
e. Quebec    
f. Ontario    
g. Manitoba    
h. Saskatchewan    
i. Alberta    
j. British Columbia    
k. Yukon    
l. Northwest Territories    
m. Nunavut    
Total quantity and value of thermal coal delivered and sold to coke plants    

53. To which provinces or territories did this business deliver and sell thermal coal to residential consumers?

Select all that apply.

  • Newfoundland and Labrador
  • Prince Edward Island
  • Nova Scotia
  • New Brunswick
  • Quebec
  • Ontario
  • Manitoba
  • Saskatchewan
  • Alberta
  • British Columbia
  • Yukon
  • Northwest Territories
  • Nunavut

54. What was the quantity and value of thermal coal that this business delivered and sold to residential consumers?

What was the quantity and value of thermal coal that this business delivered and sold to residential consumers?
Province or territory Metric tonnes CAN$ '000
a. Newfoundland and Labrador    
b. Prince Edward Island    
c. Nova Scotia    
d. New Brunswick    
e. Quebec    
f. Ontario    
g. Manitoba    
h. Saskatchewan    
i. Alberta    
j. British Columbia    
k. Yukon    
l. Northwest Territories    
m. Nunavut    
Total quantity and value of thermal coal delivered and sold to residential consumers    

55. To which provinces or territories did this business deliver and sell thermal coal to other end users?

Select all that apply.

  • Newfoundland and Labrador
  • Prince Edward Island
  • Nova Scotia
  • New Brunswick
  • Quebec
  • Ontario
  • Manitoba
  • Saskatchewan
  • Alberta
  • British Columbia
  • Yukon
  • Northwest Territories
  • Nunavut

56. What was the quantity and value of thermal coal that this business delivered and sold to other end users?

What was the quantity and value of thermal coal that this business delivered and sold to other end users?
Province or territory Metric tonnes CAN$ '000
a. Newfoundland and Labrador    
b. Prince Edward Island    
c. Nova Scotia    
d. New Brunswick    
e. Quebec    
f. Ontario    
g. Manitoba    
h. Saskatchewan    
i. Alberta    
j. British Columbia    
k. Yukon    
l. Northwest Territories    
m. Nunavut    
Total quantity and value of thermal coal delivered and sold to other end users    

Domestic shipments from ports

57. Did this business deliver and sell raw coal to domestic Canadian companies from ports?

  • Yes
  • No

From ports, to which provinces or territories was raw coal delivered and sold?

Select all that apply.

  • Newfoundland and Labrador
  • Prince Edward Island
  • Nova Scotia
  • New Brunswick
  • Quebec
  • Ontario
  • Manitoba
  • Saskatchewan
  • Alberta
  • British Columbia
  • Yukon
  • Northwest Territories
  • Nunavut

58. What was the quantity and value of raw coal delivered and sold to domestic Canadian companies from ports?

Please provide the quantity and value of raw coal delivered and sold during the reference month; by provinces or territories, in metric tonnes.

What was the quantity and value of raw coal delivered and sold to domestic Canadian companies from ports?
Province or territory Metric tonnes CAN$ '000
a. Newfoundland and Labrador    
b. Prince Edward Island    
c. Nova Scotia    
d. New Brunswick    
e. Quebec    
f. Ontario    
g. Manitoba    
h. Saskatchewan    
i. Alberta    
j. British Columbia    
k. Yukon    
l. Northwest Territories    
m. Nunavut    
Total quantity and value of raw coal delivered and sold to domestic Canadian companies from ports    

59. Did this business deliver and sell metallurgical coal to domestic Canadian companies from ports?

  • Yes
  • No

From ports, to which provinces or territories was metallurgical coal delivered and sold?

Select all that apply.

  • Newfoundland and Labrador
  • Prince Edward Island
  • Nova Scotia
  • New Brunswick
  • Quebec
  • Ontario
  • Manitoba
  • Saskatchewan
  • Alberta
  • British Columbia
  • Yukon
  • Northwest Territories
  • Nunavut

60. What was the quantity and value of metallurgical coal delivered and sold to domestic Canadian companies from ports?

Please provide the quantity and value of metallurgical coal delivered and sold during the reference month; by provinces or territories, in metric tonnes.

What was the quantity and value of metallurgical coal delivered and sold to domestic Canadian companies from ports?
Province or territory Metric tonnes CAN$ '000
a. Newfoundland and Labrador    
b. Prince Edward Island    
c. Nova Scotia    
d. New Brunswick    
e. Quebec    
f. Ontario    
g. Manitoba    
h. Saskatchewan    
i. Alberta    
j. British Columbia    
k. Yukon    
l. Northwest Territories    
m. Nunavut    
Total quantity and value of metallurgical coal delivered and sold to domestic Canadian companies from ports    

61. Did this business deliver and sell thermal coal to domestic Canadian companies from ports?

  • Yes
  • No

From ports, to which provinces or territories was thermal coal delivered and sold?

Select all that apply.

  • Newfoundland and Labrador
  • Prince Edward Island
  • Nova Scotia
  • New Brunswick
  • Quebec
  • Ontario
  • Manitoba
  • Saskatchewan
  • Alberta
  • British Columbia
  • Yukon
  • Northwest Territories
  • Nunavut

62. What was the quantity and value of thermal coal delivered and sold to domestic Canadian companies from ports?

Please provide the quantity and value of thermal coal delivered and sold during the reference month; by provinces or territories, in metric tonnes.

What was the quantity and value of thermal coal delivered and sold to domestic Canadian companies from ports?
Province or territory Metric tonnes CAN$ '000
a. Newfoundland and Labrador    
b. Prince Edward Island    
c. Nova Scotia    
d. New Brunswick    
e. Quebec    
f. Ontario    
g. Manitoba    
h. Saskatchewan    
i. Alberta    
j. British Columbia    
k. Yukon    
l. Northwest Territories    
m. Nunavut    
Total quantity and value of thermal coal delivered and sold to domestic Canadian companies from ports    

Exports of raw coal to foreign countries

63. Did this business export raw coal to foreign countries from ports?

  • Yes
  • No

From ports, to which foreign countries did this business export raw coal?

Select all that apply.

  • United States
  • Belgium and Luxembourg
  • Brazil
  • Chile
  • Taiwan
  • France
  • Germany
  • Italy
  • Japan
  • South Korea
  • Mexico
  • Netherlands
  • Spain
  • Turkey
  • United Kingdom
  • China
  • India
  • Denmark
  • Finland
  • Switzerland
  • Other 1 - Specify the other country
  • Other 2 - Specify the other country
  • Other 3 - Specify the other country
  • Other 4 - Specify the other country
  • Other 5 - Specify the other country

64. What was the quantity and value of raw coal exported to the following foreign countries from ports?

Please provide the quantity and value of raw coal exported during the reference month; by country, in metric tonnes.

What was the quantity and value of raw coal exported to the following foreign countries from ports?
Country Metric tonnes CAN$ '000
a. United States    
b. Belgium and Luxembourg    
c. Brazil    
d. Chile    
e. Taiwan    
f. France    
g. Germany    
h. Italy    
i. Japan    
j. South Korea    
k. Mexico    
l. Netherlands    
m. Spain    
n. Turkey    
o. United Kingdom    
p. China    
q. India    
r. Denmark    
s. Finland    
t. Switzerland    
u. [Other 1]    
v. [Other 2]    
w. [Other 3]    
x. [Other 4]    
y. [Other 5]    
Total quantity and value of raw coal exported to foreign countries from ports    

Exports of metallurgical coal to foreign countries

65. Did this business export metallurgical coal to foreign countries from ports?

  • Yes
  • No

From ports, to which foreign countries did this business export metallurgical coal?

Select all that apply.

  • United States
  • Belgium and Luxembourg
  • Brazil
  • Chile
  • Taiwan
  • France
  • Germany
  • Italy
  • Japan
  • South Korea
  • Mexico
  • Netherlands
  • Spain
  • Turkey
  • United Kingdom
  • China
  • India
  • Denmark
  • Finland
  • Switzerland
  • Other 1 - Specify the other country
  • Other 2 - Specify the other country
  • Other 3 - Specify the other country
  • Other 4 - Specify the other country
  • Other 5 - Specify the other country

66. What was the quantity and value of metallurgical coal exported to the following foreign countries from ports?

Please provide the quantity and value of metallurgical coal exported during the reference month; by country, in metric tonnes.

What was the quantity and value of metallurgical coal exported to the following foreign countries from ports?
Country Metric tonnes CAN$ '000
a. United States    
b. Belgium and Luxembourg    
c. Brazil    
d. Chile    
e. Taiwan    
f. France    
g. Germany    
h. Italy    
i. Japan    
j. South Korea    
k. Mexico    
l. Netherlands    
m. Spain    
n. Turkey    
o. United Kingdom    
p. China    
q. India    
r. Denmark    
s. Finland    
t. Switzerland    
u. [Other 1]    
v. [Other 2]    
w. [Other 3]    
x. [Other 4]    
y. [Other 5]    
Total quantity and value of metallurgical coal exported to foreign countries from ports    

Exports of thermal coal to foreign countries

67. Did this business export thermal coal to foreign countries from ports?

  • Yes
  • No

From ports, to which foreign countries did this business export thermal coal?

Select all that apply.

  • United States
  • Belgium and Luxembourg
  • Brazil
  • Chile
  • Taiwan
  • France
  • Germany
  • Italy
  • Japan
  • South Korea
  • Mexico
  • Netherlands
  • Spain
  • Turkey
  • United Kingdom
  • China
  • India
  • Denmark
  • Finland
  • Switzerland
  • Other 1 - Specify the other country
  • Other 2 - Specify the other country
  • Other 3 - Specify the other country
  • Other 4 - Specify the other country
  • Other 5 - Specify the other country

68. What was the quantity and value of thermal coal exported to the following foreign countries from ports?

Please provide the quantity and value of thermal coal exported during the reference month; by country, in metric tonnes.

What was the quantity and value of thermal coal exported to the following foreign countries from ports?
Country Metric tonnes CAN$ '000
a. United States    
b. Belgium and Luxembourg    
c. Brazil    
d. Chile    
e. Taiwan    
f. France    
g. Germany    
h. Italy    
i. Japan    
j. South Korea    
k. Mexico    
l. Netherlands    
m. Spain    
n. Turkey    
o. United Kingdom    
p. China    
q. India    
r. Denmark    
s. Finland    
t. Switzerland    
u. [Other 1]    
v. [Other 2]    
w. [Other 3]    
x. [Other 4]    
y. [Other 5]    
Total quantity and value of thermal coal exported to foreign countries from ports    

Shipments of coal in transit

69. What were the quantities and values of raw, metallurgical and thermal coal shipped by road or rail to the United States?

Shipments in transit
Please provide the quantity and value of raw, metallurgical and thermal coal transported to the United States by road or rail.

What were the quantities and values of raw, metallurgical and thermal coal shipped by road or rail to the United States?
Shipment Metric tonnes CAN$ '000
a. Shipments of raw coal in transit    
b. Shipments of metallurgical coal in transit    
c. Shipments of thermal coal in transit    

Total opening and closing inventories at ports

70. What were this business's total opening and closing inventories of raw, metallurgical and thermal coal located at ports?

Opening inventory is last month's closing inventory as provided by this business. Correct, if needed.

When opening inventory is blank, provide the opening inventory.

Inventories located at the ports

Sum of all ports includes that of Atlantic, Pacific and Great Lakes

Opening inventory - Raw coal
Please report the inventories of raw/processed coal reported at the end of the previous month, in metric tonnes.

Opening inventory - Metallurgical coal
Please report the inventories of metallurgical coal reported at the end of the previous month, in metric tonnes.

Opening inventory - Thermal coal
Please report the inventories of thermal coal reported at the end of the previous month, in metric tonnes.

Closing inventory - Raw coal
Please report the inventories of raw/processed coal at the end of this reference month, in metric tonnes.

Closing inventory - Metallurgical coal
Please report the inventories of metallurgical coal at the end of this reference month, in metric tonnes.

Closing inventory - Thermal coal
Please report the inventories of thermal coal at the end of this reference month, in metric tonnes.

What were this business's total opening and closing inventories of raw, metallurgical and thermal coal located at ports?
Inventory Metric tonnes
Total opening inventories located at ports  
a. Raw coal located at the ports  
b. Metallurgical coal located at the ports  
c. Thermal coal located at the ports  
Total closing inventories located at ports  
d. Raw coal located at the ports  
e. Metallurgical coal located at the ports  
f. Thermal coal located at the ports  

Total disposition of coal

71. This is the summary of the total disposition of coal.

Adjustments
If you are reporting an adjusted decrease, use '-' in front of the value. Enter '0' if no adjustment.

This is the summary of the total disposition of coal.
Disposition of coal Metric tonnes CAN$ '000
Raw coal    
a. Marketable production of raw coal    
b. Business's own use    
c. All end users    
d. Domestic shipments from ports    
e. Exports from ports    
f. To United States by road or rail    
g. Opening inventory from ports    
h. Closing inventory from ports    
i. Adjustments    
Total disposition of raw coal    
Metallurgical coal    
j. Marketable production of metallurgical coal    
k. Business's own use    
l. All end users    
m. Domestic shipments from ports    
n. Exports from ports    
o. To United States by road or rail    
p. Opening inventory from ports    
q. Closing inventory from ports    
r. Adjustments    
Total disposition of metallurgical coal    
Thermal coal    
s. Marketable production of thermal coal    
t. Business's own use    
u. All end users    
v. Domestic shipments from ports    
w. Exports from ports    
x. To United States by road or rail    
y. Opening inventory from ports    
z. Closing inventory from ports    
aa. Adjustments    
Total disposition of thermal coal    

Changes or events

1. Indicate any changes or events that affected the reported values for this business or organization, compared with the last reporting period.

Select all that apply.

  • Strike or lock-out
  • Exchange rate impact
  • Price changes in goods or services sold
  • Contracting out
  • Organizational change
  • Price changes in labour or raw materials
  • Natural disaster
  • Recession
  • Change in product line
  • Sold business or business units
  • Expansion
  • New or lost contract
  • Plant closures
  • Acquisition of business or business units
  • Other - Specify the other changes or events:
  • No changes or events

Contact person

1. Statistics Canada may need to contact the person who completed this questionnaire for further information.

Is the provided given names and the provided family name the best person to contact?

  • Yes
  • No

Who is the best person to contact about this questionnaire?

First name:

Last name:

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Email address:

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Feedback

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Context modelling with transformers: Food recognition

By: Mohammadreza Dorkhah, Sayema Mashhadi and Shannon Lo, Statistics Canada

Introduction

Our team of researchers from Statistic Canada's Data Science Division and Centre for Population Health Data (CPHD) conducted a proof-of-concept project that identifies foods within images and explores an alternative way of collecting nutrition data.

Given that this project was the first of its kind at Statistics Canada, the teams involved in creating this proof-of-concept were required to work exclusively with publicly available food image datasets. As a result, we curated a final dataset with images and labels that matched food and drinks consumed by Canadians based off three other datasets. This resulting dataset was used to develop a deep learning model for food recognition that can predict 187 different types of food or beverage categories and identify multiple products within a single image.

The food recognition deep learning model uses a state-of-the-art vision transformer as an encoder, called a segmentation transformer (SETR), and a multimodal image-text model for context modelling called the Recipe Learning Module (ReLeM). As part of this project, the CPHD team members tested and manually verified the SETR and ReLeM models' performance which we will explain later in this article.

Datasets

The three public datasets that we used to develop our final dataset suited our goal of ingredient level semantic segmentation for food images. However, given that each dataset has a different set of food categories, we had to manually map them to categories derived from a nutrition guide (Nutrient Value of Some Common Foods). Figures 1, 2 and 3 show sample images and their labels for each of the three datasets. The labels are image segmentation masks used to annotate every pixel and distinguish between items such as water, bread, and other foods.

FoodSeg103

  • 7,118 images (4,983 training, 2,135 validations)
  • 102 food categories
Figure 1: Sample image and output from the FoodSeg103 dataset
Figure 1: Sample image and output from the FoodSeg103 dataset.

An image of cake and sliced strawberries on the left. The output on the right depicts the shape of the cake and strawberries with their own colours.

Output from the FoodSeg103 dataset.
Colour Colour Name Original Category Nutrition Guide
The table cell background is coloured "Light Salmon" Light Salmon Cake Cake
The table cell background is coloured "Magenta" Magenta Strawberry Strawberry

UECFoodPIX

  • 10,000 images (9,000 training, 1,000 validations)
  • 102 food categories
Figure 2: Sample image and output from the UECFoodPIX dataset
Figure 2: Sample image and output from the UECFoodPIX dataset.

A food image consisting of salmon, omelets, rice, soup and other foods on the left. The output image on the right are shapes of the food images in their corresponding colours.

Output from the UECFoodPIX dataset.
Colour Colour Name Original Category Nutrition Guide
The table cell background is coloured "Lime" Lime Others Other
The table cell background is coloured "Royal Blue" Royal Blue Mixed rice Grains, rice
The table cell background is coloured "Slate Blue" Slate Blue Miso soup Soup
The table cell background is coloured "Medium Slate Blue" Medium Slate Blue Beverage Drink
The table cell background is coloured "Fire Brick" Fire Brick Grilled salmon Fish
The table cell background is coloured "Tan (Burly Wood)" Tan (Burly Wood) Rolled omelet Egg
The table cell background is coloured "Lime" Lime Ganmodoki Other

As shown in the table above, some of the original categories are mapped to different categories within the nutrition guide. Items with no matching category are mapped to "Other".

MyFoodRepo

  • 58,157 images (54,392 training, 946 validations, 2,819 testing)
  • 323 food categories
  • We used refinement techniques to handle the coarse masks problem.
Figure 3: Sample images from the MyFoodRepo dataset
Figure 3: Sample images from the MyFoodRepo dataset.

A food image consisting of pasta with a cream sauce, garnished with parsley and tomato on the left. Two output images on the right are shapes of the food images in their corresponding colours, one with the original mask and one with a refined mask.

MyFoodRepo dataset.
Colour Colour Name Original Category Nutrition Guide
The table cell background is coloured "Light Steel Blue" Light Steel Blue Sauce cream Sauce
The table cell background is coloured "Purple" Purple Parsley Parsley
The table cell background is coloured "Dark Salmon" Dark Salmon Tomato Tomato

There are some overlapping categories in each labelled dataset which were combined as one in our final dataset. After dropping a few labels due to insufficient image samples, and by combining others to make coherent groupings of similar food types, a total of 187 different types of food and drinks were finalized.

Image segmentation

Image segmentation forms the basis of many downstream computer vision tasks such as object detection and image classification. Image segmentation is a method of dividing an image into subgroups. This division is usually done based on visible boundaries or edges of objects in an image and helps to reduce complexities. Segmentation can also mean label assignment to each pixel in the image to identify important elements. It has many applications in the field of autonomous vehicles, medical image analysis, satellite image analysis, video surveillance and other recognition and detection tasks. Image segmentation is also used in medical imaging, as covered in a recent DSN article, Image Segmentation in Medical Imaging. Neural network-based image segmentation models almost always contain an encoder and decoder. The encoder is for feature representation learning and the decoder is for pixel-wise classification of the feature representations.

Three major types of image segmentation techniques are commonly used on the field of computer vision:

  • Semantic segmentation: Associates every pixel of an image with a class label such as car, tree, fruit, person, etc. It treats multiple objects of the same class as a single entity.
  • Instance segmentation: Does not associate every pixel of an image with a class label. It treats multiple objects of the same class as distinct individual instances, without necessarily recognizing individual instances. For example, car 1 and car 2 are identified with different colours in an image.
  • Panoptic segmentation: Combines concepts of both semantic and instance segmentation and assigns two labels to each pixel of an image–semantic label and instance ID.
Figure 4: An example of semantic segmentation, instance segmentation and panoptic segmentation from a single input image.
Figure 4: An example of semantic segmentation, instance segmentation and panoptic segmentation from a single input image.

Four images depicting an input image and three types of segmentation used on the image—semantic segmentation, instance segmentation, and panoptic segmentation.

Food image segmentation pipeline

Semantic segmentation models were deemed appropriate for our food recognition model. This is mainly due to its ability to recognize the food or drink type, as this was the primary goal of the exercise. The fully convolutional network (FCN) has been a popular choice for semantic segmentation, however, the encoder models based on the FCN down-sample spatial resolution of the input leads to developing lower resolution feature mappings. In the paper Rethinking Semantic Segmentation from a Sequence-to-Sequence Perspective with Transformers, the authors proposed a new segmentation model based on pure transformer architecture termed, SEgmentation TRansformer (SETR). A SETR encoder treats an input image as a sequence of image patches represented by learned patch embedding and transforms the sequence with global self-attention modeling for discriminative feature representation learning. This model further provided more context for the food recognition task using the ReLeM as proposed by the authors in A Large-Scale Benchmark for Food Image Segmentation. Both SETR and ReLeM are further explained below.

Figure 5: Food image segmentation pipeline diagram. Sourced from A Large-Scale Benchmark for Food Image Segmentation
Figure 5: Food image segmentation pipeline diagram. Sourced from A Large-Scale Benchmark for Food Image Segmentation.

Text in image: Vision encoder, fc cosine loss/semantic loss tc, Text Encoder, Ingredients: ½, cup A1 Classic Marinade, 1 boneless beef sirloin steak. Instructions: Pour marinade over steak in resealable plastic bag. Seal bag: turn to evenly coat steak with dressing. Vision encoder (weights sharing), Vision decoder

Recipe Learning Module

The ReLeM provides models with contextual information of the ingredients from food recipes. In the paper, A Large-Scale Benchmark for Food Image Segmentation, the authors describe the ReLeM as a "multi-modality pre-training approach... that explicitly equips a segmentation model with rich and semantic food knowledge".

The module was trained using a Recipe1M dataset (see: Learning Cross-Modal Embeddings for Cooking Recipes and Food Images). This dataset contains over one million recipes and 800,000 food images. Through exposure to recipes and food images, ReLeM forms associations between ingredients, similar to the way humans understand what foods are typically found together.

When training a model for food image classification, it's important to use recipes as training data. This allows the module to create associations between ingredients that may vary visually when prepared differently. ReLeM also learns from the food preparation instructions in the recipe. For example, pureed eggplant differs visually from fried eggplant. On the other hand, there may be different ingredients that look similar, such as milk and yogurt. ReLeM has established associations between ingredients and which foods commonly appear together, which is beneficial in these scenarios. For example, if the image contains a glass with a white substance and a plate of chocolate chip cookies, ReLeM could infer that the white substance is more likely milk as opposed to yogurt since there is a known association between milk and cookies. ReLeM uses cosine and semantic loss to determine the similarity between food items.

Segmentation transformer model

Transformers and self-attention models have improved natural language understanding and processing (NLU/NLP) performance. Widely popular GPT-3 (generative pre-trained transformer 3) and BERT (bidirectional encoder representations from transformer) models in NLP domain are based on Transformer architecture. The same architecture can be used for images, but this sequence-to-sequence learning expects 1D sequences at input. The state-of-the-art SETR encoder model pre-processes 2D images before feeding it to the Transformer architecture. The 2D image is decomposed to smaller fixed-size patches and then each patch is converted to a 1D sequence. This sequence of image patches is represented by learned patch embedding discussed in the paper we mentioned above about semantic segmentation. Once this sequence of feature embedding vectors are provided at input, the transformer learns discriminative feature representation which are returned at the output of the SETR encoder. The encoder model is more complex than the decoder model since it needs to learn and produce intricate feature representation for discriminating each class accurately.

Figure 6: SETR encoder sourced from Rethinking Semantic Segmentation from a Sequence-to-Sequence Perspective with Transformers
Figure 6: SETR encoder sourced from Rethinking Semantic Segmentation from a Sequence-to-Sequence Perspective with Transformers.

The diagram illustrates the design of the Segmentation Transformer (SETR).

Text in image: Patch Embedding and Position Embedding, Layer Norm, Multi-Head Attention, Layer Norm, MLP (multi-layer perceptron). Linear Projection, 24x, Transformer Layer, Decoder

A decoder is then used to recover the original image resolution with pixel-level classification. In our case, we used the multi-level feature aggregation (MLA) decoder. The MLA decoder accepts feature representations from every SETR layer. All these feature representations share the same resolution (no loss of resolution like with FCN) and go through a series of reshaping and up-sampling to get the pixel labels.

Figure 7: MLA decoder sourced from Rethinking Semantic Segmentation from a Sequence-to-Sequence Perspective with Transformers
Figure 7: MLA decoder sourced from Rethinking Semantic Segmentation from a Sequence-to-Sequence Perspective with Transformers.

The diagram depicts multi-level feature aggregation. Specifically, a variant called SETR-MLA.

Text in image: Z24, Z18, Z12, Z6, reshape-conv, conv-conv-4x, conv-4x

Results

Here are the validation results based on the mean intersection over union (mIoU), mean accuracy (mAcc) and overall accuracy (aAcc) metrics:

Metric Value
mIoU 40.74 %
mAcc 51.98 %
aAcc 83.21 %

Testing results based on the precision, recall and F1-Score metrics:

Metric Value
Precision 81.43 %
Recall 80.16 %
F1-Score 80.79 %

Without initializing the vision encoder by ReLeM trained weights:

Figure 8: Example of a predicted mask without initializing the vision encoder by ReLeM trained weights.
Figure 8: Example of a predicted mask without initializing the vision encoder by ReLeM trained weights.

Image of muffins on the left and an example of predicted masks on the right without initializing the vision encoder by ReLeM trained weights.

ReLeM trained weights
Colour Colour Name Predicted Category
The table cell background is coloured "Yellow Green" Yellow Green Bread, whole grain (whole wheat)
The table cell background is coloured "Turquoise" Turquoise Tea
The table cell background is coloured "Orchid" Orchid Apple
The table cell background is coloured "Medium Orchid" Medium Orchid Sweet potato
The table cell background is coloured "Magenta" Magenta Dumpling

With initializing the vision encoder by ReLeM trained weights:

Figure 9: Example of a predicted mask with initializing the vision encoder by ReLeM trained weights.
Figure 9: Example of a predicted mask with initializing the vision encoder by ReLeM trained weights.

Image of muffins on the left and an example of predicted masks on the right with initializing the vision encoder by ReLeM trained weights.

Example of a predicted mask with initializing the vision encoder by ReLeM trained weights.
Colour Colour Name Predicted Category
The table cell background is coloured "Turquoise" Turquoise Cake
The table cell background is coloured "Dark Green" Dark Green Banana

Conclusion

The food recognition model accurately predicts many foods and drinks in an image in just less than a second and does consistently well with certain categories like bread but struggles with categories that are visually similar such as beef and lamb. The performance can be improved by adding more labelled data for minority categories, another round of re-categorization of visually similar foods, and using techniques to combat class imbalance.

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