Date and location

June 27, 2024, 9:30 a.m. to 12:00 p.m.
Hybrid meeting

Microsoft Teams
The Ivan P. Fellegi Conference Room, 26th floor, R.H. Coats Building
100 Tunney's Pasture Parkway, Ottawa

Members

• Chantal Bernier, Co-Chair, Global Privacy and Cybersecurity Group, Dentons Canada (Chair)
• André Loranger, Chief Statistician of Canada
• Len Garis, Researcher and Adjunct Professor, University of the Fraser Valley
• Ali Ghorbani, Cyber Security Chair, University of New Brunswick

Regrets

• Robert Gordon, Executive Director, Canadian Cyber Threat Exchange
• David Robichaud, Ethics Professor, University of Ottawa

Statistics Canada guests

• Josée Bégin
• Geoff Bowlby
• Pierre Desrochers
• Geneviève Jourdain
• Patrice Martineau
• Kathleen Mitchell
• Saeid Molladavoudi
• Nicolas Rahal
• Eric Rancourt
• Christos Sarakinos
• Jennifer Withington

1. Introductions and Opening Remarks

André Loranger, Chief Statistician of Canada
Chantal Bernier, Co-chair, Global Privacy and Cybersecurity Group, Dentons Canada LLP

Mr. Loranger began the meeting by welcoming members to the eighth meeting of the Advisory Council on Ethics and Modernization of Microdata Access, his first as Chief Statistician of Canada.

Mr. Loranger then presented his vision for Statistics Canada. He reiterated his intention to continue the modernization efforts started a few years ago by the organization, by making a slight change in emphasis. According to Mr. Loranger, it will be based on the following pillars: a clear strategic vision through Statistics Canada's Strategic Plan, quality infrastructure to support activities, competent and adequately trained teams and the positioning of the United Nations Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics as a central pillar guiding decisions.

According to Mr. Loranger, the organization will have to face significant challenges over the coming years, some of which will be discussed today. The Council will play an important role, providing sound advice and insight.

Ms. Bernier, for her part, congratulated Mr. Loranger on his new position and underlined the relevance of the subjects to be discussed during the meeting. She recalled the importance, for an organization such as Statistics Canada, of remaining relevant. To support her statement, she cited Canada's former chief statistician, Ivan Fellegi, who once told her: “Make sure your organization is always relevant. If you're excellent but not relevant, nobody will care.ˮ

2. Mis- Dis- and Mal-Information and Official Statistics

Pierre Desrochers, Director, Office of Privacy Management and Information Coordination, Statistics Canada

Mr. Desrochers spoke about the importance for an organization like Statistics Canada to curb misinformation by providing quality data, to maintain public trust and democratic integrity. As Mr. Desrochers indicated, this responsibility corresponds to Principle 4 of the United Nations Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics, Prevention of misuse.

Mr. Desrochers then explained the distinction between misinformation (false information, but the person who disseminates it believes it to be true), disinformation (false information and the person who disseminates it knows it) and malinformation (true information and the person who disseminates it does it with the aim of causing harm to a person, an organization, a country, etc.) Mr. Desrochers concluded by presenting some legislative measures put in place at the international level to prevent the abusive use of statistics, recalling however the limited scope of this type of intervention.

Council members were pleased with the presentation, emphasizing its great relevance in the current context. The Council strongly recommended that Statistics Canada play a more proactive role regarding the misuse of statistics and adopt a holistic approach, centered around three elements:

1. Raising awareness and educating Canadians to help the population recognize the misuse of statistics and be able to respond adequately.
2. Technology to detect the misuse of statistics.
3. Intervention, to correct the identified issues. For this element, the Council suggested a proactive approach where areas of vulnerability would be identified quickly and quality statistics to inform debates would be produced and disseminated.

Finally, the Council recommended that Statistics Canada adopt an official strategy to combat the misuse of statistics, supported by the document Countering Disinformation: A Guidebook for Public Servants, produced by the Government of Canada, and to be as proactive as its mandate allows.

3. Navigating Responsible AI: Insights from Statistics Canada's Journey, with Focus on Generative AI

Christos Sarakinos, Director, Data Science and Innovation Division, Statistics Canada

Saeid Molladavoudi, Senior Data Science Advisor, Data Science and Innovation Division, Statistics Canada

Mr. Molladavoudi presented Statistics Canada's work in generative AI and its commitment to responsible AI. As highlighted by Mr. Molladavoudi, the Government of Canada has put in place clear policies regarding AI and Statistics Canada has adopted a comprehensive framework including a governance structure, directives, seven core guiding principles, six pillars and many activities.

The members of the Council were pleased with the presentation and wanted to highlight the progress and the high-quality work carried out by Statistics Canada in this area. The use of AI offers many opportunities, including the production and publication of statistical data, but also presents certain risks.

Among the risks, Council members highlighted those related to data confidentiality, privacy, cybersecurity, false authoritative results and potential bias. For the latter, in particular, validation by a human being remains important. All these risks could greatly affect the organization's reputation and the public’s trust in it.

Council members also suggested adding a guiding principle related to the impact on individuals. The Council would like to have an update on the progress made at a future meeting, ideally during the next year.

4. How to ensure data confidentiality while offering data users fast and flexible access

Geneviève Jourdain, Director, Data Access Division, Statistics Canada

Ms. Jourdain presented Statistics Canada's current strategy regarding data access for external users, the challenges it represents as well as the proposed solutions. These include: (1) the possibility of obtaining access to microdata for a specific program rather than on a project-by-project basis and (2) the delegation of the data confidentiality vetting process to deemed employees of Statistics Canada.

Following questions from Council members, Ms. Jourdain clarified that these options would only be offered to federal partners, that Statistics Canada would retain the right to do the vetting itself when the situation warrants it, and that the data always remains in Statistics Canada's secure environment. Deemed employees would also receive thorough and appropriate training.

Still in response to questions from Council members, Ms. Jourdain added that these changes are motivated by an increase in the number of requests, by the need to modernize our practices and by the demand of our main partners.

The members of the Council were pleased with the presentation and the proposed solutions, which they believe adequately address the issues identified and maintain the security of people, data and infrastructure.

Council members recommended that Statistics Canada carry out more ex-post evaluations, to ensure that data are used as originally agreed.

5. Roundtable and Closing Remarks

André Loranger, Chief Statistician of Canada

Chantal Bernier, Co-chair, Global Privacy and Cybersecurity Group, Dentons Canada

Mr. Loranger and Ms. Bernier thanked the members of the Council as well as the participants. The Council agreed to include, at the next meeting, a session during which Council members will propose relevant issues that Statistics Canada could address in the short term.

Advisory council action items

Action Items

• Next meeting: fall 2024.
• Include a session during which Council members will propose relevant issues.

Recommendations for Statistics Canada

1. Mis- Dis- and Mal-Information and Official Statistics
   • Have an official strategy to combat the misuse of statistics and be as proactive as its mandate allows.
   • Adopt a holistic approach, focused on three elements: (1) Education and awareness; (2) Use of technology to identify misuse; (3) Intervention, to correct the identified issues.
2. Navigating Responsible AI
   • Add a guiding principle related to the impact on individuals.
   • Come back and present the progress made within a year.
3. Data confidentiality and fast and flexible access
   • Implement the new options proposed.
   • Carry out more ex-post evaluations.

Changes in legislation and the resulting change in the offence classification creates discontinuity in the historical record of particular criminal offences. Legislative changes to assault, sexual assault, theft, arson, mischief, prostitution and youth crime must be considered when making comparisons over time. Some of the more significant changes are as follows:

Sexual Assault: Bill C-127 (1983):

Bill C-127 abolished the offences of rape, attempted rape and indecent assault and introduced a three-tiered structure for sexual assault offences. C-127 also eased the circumstances under which police could lay charges in incidents of sexual and non-sexual assault.

Young Offenders Act (1984):

With the proclamation of the Young Offenders Act in April 1984, 12 years old became the minimum age for which charges could be laid under the Criminal Code. However, the maximum age continued to vary until April 1985, when the maximum age of 17 (up to the 18th birthday) was established in all provinces and territories. Youths, as defined in this publication, refer to those aged 12 to 17 (inclusive). This definition applies to the target group who fall under the delegation of the Young Offenders Act (YOA).

Traffic Offences: Bill C-18 (1985):

In December 1985, Bill C-18 made major legislative changes with respect to certain traffic offences. It imposed more stringent sentences for dangerous driving and drinking and driving. It also facilitated the enforcement of impaired driving laws by authorizing police to take blood and/or breath samples under certain circumstances. As a result, data previous to 1985 for traffic offences are not comparable and have not been presented.

Property value limits: Bill C-18 (1985) and Bill C-42 (1995):

In 1985, Bill C-18 altered the property value limits from under and over $200 to under and over $1,000. This applied to offences such as Theft, Possession of Stolen Goods, Mischief and Fraud. As of February 1995, Bill C-42 revised the property value limits to under and over $5,000.

Alternative measures: Bill C-41 (1996):

Bill C-41 came into force on September 3, 1996. One of its highlights was the introduction of "alternative measures" for adults, which provided ways of dealing with disputes and minor offences outside of formal court proceedings.

Firearms: Bill C-68 (1997):

Bill C-68, came into force on January 1, 1997, requiring all firearm owners to obtain a firearms license by January 1st, 2001. This license replaces the Firearms Acquisition Certificate (FAC) in use since 1977. As of October 1, 1998, firearms had to be registered by October 1st 2003 (within 5 years). Bill C-68 also provided for tougher penalties for using a firearm while committing a crime.

Controlled Drugs and Substances Act: Bill C-8 (1997):

This legislation came into force on May 14, 1997. The Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (CDSA) repealed and replaced the Narcotic Control Act (NCA) and parts of the Food and Drug Act (FDA). With this change in legislation, offences related to the possession, trafficking and importation of certain controlled or restricted substances not identified in earlier statutes were now (since 1997) included in the 'other drugs' category. Comparisons with years prior to 1997 should be made with caution.

Dangerous Operation Evading Police: Bill C-202 (2000):

Bill C-202 came into effect on March 30th, 2000. This legislation modifies section 249 of the Criminal Code, thus creating new offences surrounding the dangerous operation of a motor vehicle when used for evading police.

Youth Criminal Justice Act: Bill C-7 (2003):

The extrajudicial measures encouraged by the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA), proclaimed on April 1, 2003, included: taking no further action informal police warnings, referrals to community programs, formal police cautions, Crown cautions, and extrajudicial sanctions programs.

Street Racing: Bill C-19 (2006):

Bill C-19 came into force on December 14, 2006 and addressed the street-racing problem by making four amendments to the Criminal Code. "Street-racing" was defined and five new street-racing offences were added. For three of the new offences, it provided maximum penalties longer than those currently provided for Dangerous Operation or Criminal Negligence in the Operation of a Motor Vehicle, and it introduced mandatory driving prohibition orders for a minimum period of time, with the length of the prohibition increasing for repeat offences.

Unauthorized Recording of a Movie: Bill C-59 (2007):

Bill C-59, came into force on June 22, 2007, addressing the illegal recording of movies in theatres by creating two new offences in the Criminal Code: Recording for Personal Use of a Movie Shown in a Theatre and Recording for Commercial Purposes of a Movie Shown in a Theatre.

Tackling Violent Crime: Bill C-2 (2008):

As a result of Bill C-2, which came into force on February 28, 2008, the age of consent was raised from 14 to 16 for the following Criminal Code offences: Sexual Interference, Invitation to Sexual Touching, Sexual Exploitation, Bestiality and Exposure to Person Under 14. The UCR also created a new violation code for Sexual Exploitation of a Person with a Disability.

Impaired Operation and Failure to Provide a Blood Sample were modified to now differentiate between alcohol and drugs (or a combination of the two). Fail/refuse to provide breath sample and failure to comply or refusal (drugs) will now have a maximum penalty of 25 years.

Bill C-2 also created two additional firearm-related offences, Robbery to Steal a Firearm and Breaking and Entering to Steal a Firearm, both of which carry a maximum penalty of 25 years.

Act to amend the Criminal Code (organized crime and protection of justice system participants) Bill C-14 (2009):

Bill C-14 officially came into effect on October 2, 2009. As a result, two new violation codes were created: Assault Against Peace Officer with a Weapon or Causing Bodily Harm, and Aggravated Assault Against a Peace Officer.

Codifying Identity Theft: Bill S-4 (2010):

Bill S-4 came into effect on January 8, 2010. As a result, two new violation codes were created: Identity Theft and Identity Fraud.

Trafficking in Person's under the age of 18: Bill C-268 (2010):

Bill C-268 came into effect on June 29, 2010. As a result, section 279.011(1) was added to the Criminal Code. This section is incorporated into the existing UCR violation code for Trafficking in Persons.

An Act to amend the Criminal Code (suicide bombings): Bill S-215 (2010):

Bill S-215 became law on December 15, 2010. This bill amended the Criminal Code to clarify that suicide bombings fall within the definition of "terrorist activity" and as such, are included under UCR codes for the following: Participate in Terrorist Activity, Facilitate Terrorist Activity, and Instruct/Carry Out Terrorist Activity.

Tackling Auto Theft and Trafficking in Property Obtained by Crime: Bill S-9 (2011):

Bill S-9 officially came into effect on April 29, 2011. As a result, a new UCR violation code for Motor Vehicle Theft was created, replacing the former UCR violations of Motor Vehicle Theft Over $5,000 and Motor Vehicle Theft $5,000 and Under.

Possession of Stolen Goods was separated into two new categories; Possession of Stolen Goods Over $5,000 and Possession of Stolen Goods $5,000 and Under.

Three new UCR violation codes were also created: Altering/Destroying/Removing a Vehicle Identification Number (VIN), Trafficking in Stolen Goods Over $5,000 and Trafficking in Stolen Goods $5,000 and Under.

Amendment to the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act: Bill C-475 (2011):

Bill C-475 came into effect on June 26, 2011. As a result, section 7.1(1) was added to the Criminal Code. This section is included under the UCR violation code of Precursor/Equipment (Crystal Meth, Ecstasy).

The Safe Streets Act: Bill C-10 (2012):

Bill C-10 came into effect on August 9, 2012. As a result, two new sections were added to the Criminal Code; Section 172.2(1) and Section 171.1(1). Section 172.2(1) is mapped to the existing UCR code of Luring a Child Via Computer. Section 171.1(1) is mapped to the new UCR violation code of Making Sexually Explicit Material Available to Children.

Combating Terrorism Act: Bill S-7 (2013):

Bill S-7 came into effect on July 15th, 2013. This bill amends the Criminal Code to create the offences of: Leaving or Attempting to Leave Canada to Commit Certain Terrorism Offences, and brought changes to the offence of Harbouring / Concealing Terrorist. Seven new UCR violation codes were introduced mid-2013 in response to this legislation.

Mischief to war memorials: Bill C-217 (2014):

Under Criminal Code sections 430(4.11(a)), 430(4.11(b)) and 430 (4.2), Bill C-217 created a new criminal offence of Mischief Relating to War Memorials when it came into force on the 19th of June, 2014. At the same time, the UCR violation Mischief in Relation to Cultural Property was introduced to the survey.

Recruitment to Criminal Organizations: Bill C-394 (2014):

This bill came into force on September 6th, 2014 and made the recruitment of members by a criminal organization a criminal offence under section 467.111 of the Criminal Code.

Protection of Communities and Exploited Persons Act: Bill C-36 (2014):

Bill C-36 came into effect in December 2014. The new legislation targeted "The exploitation that is inherent in prostitution and the risks of violence posed to those who engage in it" (Criminal Code Chapter 25, preamble). Violations classified as Offences in Relation to Sexual Services are considered to be violent offences and include: The Purchasing of Sexual Services or Communicating for that Purpose, Receiving a Material Benefit Deriving from the Purchase of Sexual Services, Procuring of Persons for the Purpose of Prostitution, and Advertising Sexual Services Offered for Sale. In addition, a number of other offences related to prostitution continue to be considered non-violent offences and are classified under Other Criminal Code offences. These include Public Communication to Sell Sexual Services and Offences Related to Impeding Traffic to Buy or Sell Sexual Services.

At the same time, the UCR survey was amended to add additional offence codes for the following violent violations: Parent or Guardian Procuring Sexual Activity, and Householder Permitting Prohibited Sexual Activity. The following violations officially expired on December 5, 2014: Bawdy House, Living off the Avails of Prostitution of a Person Under 18, Procuring, Obtains/Communicates with a Person Under 18 for Purpose of Sex, and Other Prostitution.

Effective December 2014, Bill C-36 amended the definition of the offence "Common Bawdy House" in the Criminal Code to remove reference to prostitution. As a result of this amendment, the UCR violation of "Bawdy House" was terminated, and the new violation of "Common Bawdy House" was introduced under 'Other Violations'.

Protecting Canadians from Online Crime Act: Bill C-13 (2015):

On March 9, 2015, Bill C-13 Protecting Canadians from Online Crime Act came into effect. As a result, a new criminal offence of Non-Consensual Distribution of Intimate Images was added to the Criminal Code and the UCR survey. It also clarified the Criminal Code offence of Harassing / Indecent Communications can be committed by any means of telecommunication.

Tackling Contraband Tobacco Act: Bill C-10 (2015):

On April 10 2015, Bill C-10 Tackling Contraband Tobacco Act came into effect. As a result, this legislation created the Criminal Code offence of Trafficking in Contraband Tobacco which is counted under the UCR violation Offences Against the Administration of Law and Justice. Prior to April 2015, the offence was counted under the Excise Act. As such, comparisons of these two violations to previous years should be made with caution.

Tougher Penalties for Child Predators Act: Bill C-26 (2015):

On July 17th, 2015, Bill C-26 increased the maximum penalties for 6 sexual offences against children, including Sexual Interference, Invitation to Sexual Touching, Sexual Exploitation, Making Sexually Explicit Material Available to a Child and Failure to Comply with Order / Breach of Probation (when relating to a sexual offence).

Anti-terrorism Act: Bill C-51 (2015):

Bill C-51 came into effect on July 18, 2015. As a result, a new UCR violation code for the offence of "Advocating or Promoting Commission of Terrorism Offences" was added to the survey to respond to this amendment to the Criminal Code.

An Act to amend the Criminal Code and to make related amendments to other Acts (medical assistance in dying): Bill C-14 (2016):

On June 17, 2016, Bill C-14 came in effect. As a result, three new UCR violation codes were introduced in response to these amendments: Fail to Comply With Safeguards Forging /Destruction of Documents Related to Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID), and Failing to Comply with Regulations / Obligations regarding Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID).

An Act to amend the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act and to make related Amendments to other Acts: Bill C-37 (2017):

On May 18, 2017, Bill C-37 came into effect. As a result, the offence of possessing, producing, selling or importing anything knowing it will be used to produce or traffic in crystal meth or ecstasy was expanded to include all substances listed in Schedule I, II , III, IV or V of the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act.

An Act to Amend the Criminal Code (Mischief): Bill C-305 (2017):

On December 12, 2017, the Canadian Government granted royal assent to Bill C-305. This bill amended Section 430 (4.1) of the Criminal Code to include "mischief in relation to property that is used by an identifiable group for educational purposes, administrative, social, cultural, or sports activities or events or as residence for seniors." Previously this section of the Criminal Code only included "mischief to property primarily used for worship."

An Act respecting cannabis and to amend the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act, the Criminal Code and other Acts: Bill C-45 (2018):

On June 21, 2018, the Canadian Government granted royal assent to Bill C-45, An Act respecting cannabis and to amend the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act, the Criminal Code and other Acts. The 'come into force' date for this legislation was October 17, 2018. In response to this new legislation, on October 17, 2018 the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Survey accepted 22 new violation codes and expired all existing cannabis-specific violations.

An Act to amend the Criminal Code (offences relating to conveyances) and to make consequential amendments to other Acts: Bill C-46 (2018):

On June 21, 2018, royal assent was granted to Bill C-46. The 'come into force' date for Part 1 of this legislation was June 21, 2018. Part 2 came into effect on December 18, 2018 (180 days after Part 1).

Part 1 (effective June 21, 2018)

Part 1 of Bill C-46 amended the provisions of the Criminal Code that dealt with offences and procedures relating to impaired driving. As a result, 7 new UCR violation codes were added to the survey.

Part 2 (effective December 18, 2018)

Part 2 of Bill C-46 repealed the provisions of the Criminal Code that dealt with offences and procedures relating to conveyances, including those provisions enacted by Part 1, and replaced them with provisions in a new part of the Criminal Code. In response to Part 2 of Bill C-46, all existing UCR traffic violation codes have been mapped to new Criminal Code sections or expired. In addition, the UCR survey will no longer be collecting provincial traffic offences.

An Act to amend certain Acts and Regulations in relation to firearms: Bill C-71 (2019):

On June 21, 2019, royal assent was granted to Bill C-71. Part 1 and part 2 of this Act proposed changes in firearms regulations. Part 1 amends the Firearms Act, the Criminal Code (Code) and the Regulations Prescribing Certain Firearms and Other Weapons, Components and Parts of Weapons, Accessories, Cartridge Magazines, Ammunition and Projectiles as Prohibited, Restricted or Non-Restricted.

Part 2 of the bill reintroduced the legislative amendments contained in Bill C-52 An Act to amend Chapter 6 of the Statues of Canada, 2012 (short title: Supporting Vested Rights Under Access to Information Act), which amend the Ending the Long gun Registry Act (ELRA), the Access to Information Act (ATIA) and the Privacy Act. However, in response to this Act no changes were made to the UCR survey.

An Act to Amend the Criminal Code (bestiality and animal fighting): Bill C-84 (2019):

On June 21, 2019, royal assent was granted to Bill C-84. This enactment amends the Criminal Code to define "bestiality"; expand the scope of the offence of encouraging, aiding or assisting in the fighting or baiting of animals or birds so that the offence includes promoting, arranging, receiving money for, or taking part in, the fighting or baiting of animals or birds, and also applies with respect to the training, transporting or breeding of animals or birds for fighting or baiting. It also expands the scope of the offence of building, making, maintaining or keeping a cockpit so that the offence applies with respect to any arena for animal fighting.

An Act to amend the Criminal Code, the Youth Criminal Justice Act and other Acts and to make consequential amendments to other Acts: Bill C-75 (2019):

On June 21, 2019, the Canadian Government granted royal assent to Bill C-75, "An Act to amend the Criminal Code, the Youth Criminal Justice Act and other Acts and to make consequential amendments to other Acts". As a response to the changes outlined in this new legislation, the Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics (CCJCSS) has made adjustments to the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Survey.

Effective June 21, 2019, Criminal Code sections 159 Anal intercourse, 179 Vagrancy, 181 Spreading false news, 210 Keeping common bawdy-house, 211 Transporting person to bawdy-house and 287 Procuring miscarriage have been repealed. As a result, two UCR codes have been expired: Anal Intercourse and Common Bawdy House (to keep, to transport a person to).

Effective September 19, 2019, the general penalty for summary conviction offences (except sections 173(2)(b), 271(b) and 444(2)(b)) has been increased to 2 years. As a result, the maximum penalty for the 9 relevant UCR codes has been increased from 6 months to 2 years at this time: Communicating To Provide Sexual Services for Consideration, Stopping or Impeding Traffic for the Purpose of Offering, Providing or Obtaining Sexual Services for Consideration Betting House, Gaming House, Disturb the Peace, Indecent acts, Trespass at Night, and all Other Criminal Code (includes Part XII.1 CC) and Operation - low blood drug concentration violation codes.

Canada-United States-Mexico Agreement (CUSMA): Bill C-4 (2020)

On November 30, 2018, Canada, the United States, and Mexico signed an agreement to replace the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) with the Canada-United States-Mexico Agreement (CUSMA). Subsequently, on December 10, 2019, Canada, the United States and Mexico agreed to update certain elements of CUSMA to improve the final outcome and clear the path toward ratification and implementation of the agreement in all three countries.

On March 13, 2020, the Canadian Government granted royal assent to Bill C-4, "An Act to implement the Agreement between Canada, the United States of America and the United Mexican States". As a response to the changes outlined in this new legislation, effective July 1, 2020, new Criminal Code section 391 Trade secret will be mapped to existing UCR code 2160: Fraud.

Quarantine Act (S.C. 2005, c.20)

In March of 2020, the Quarantine Act was amended to add Covid-19 to the schedule of communicable diseases. A communicable disease "means a human disease that is caused by an infectious agent or a biological toxin and poses a risk of significant harm to public health, or a disease listed in the schedule, and includes an infectious agent that causes a communicable disease". Public Health orders require travelers returning to Canada by land, air or sea, to follow self-isolation orders for 14 days after arrival, and UCR code 6600 was created to charge anyone who violates these orders.

An Act to amend the Criminal Code and the Canada Labour Code: Bill C-3 (2021):

On December 17, 2021, the Canadian Government granted royal assent to Bill C-3, An Act to amend the Criminal Code and the Canada Labour Code. The enactment of Bill C-3 amends the Criminal Code in order to create offences of intimidating a person, health professionals or assistants to health professionals in order to impede them from accessing health service or performing medical services as well as, creating an offence of obstruction of a person's access to a place where health services are provided. In addition, the Bill also amends the Canada Labour Code to, among other things, extend the duration of bereavement leave in the event of the loss of a child and extend and alter regulations regarding medical leave entitlements.

Effective January 17, 2022, sections 423.2(1) Intimidation –health services and 423.2(2) Obstruction or interference with access became punishable offences under the Criminal Code. As a result, the following four new violation codes have been added to the UCR Survey: UCR code 1635 Intimidation of a person to impede them from obtaining health services, 1636 Intimidation of a health professional to impede their duties, 1637 Intimidation of a person assisting in the performance of health services to impede in those functions, 1638 Obstruction or interference with access to health services.

An Act to amend the Criminal Code (Conversion Therapy): Bill C-4 (2021):

On December 08, 2021, the Canadian Government granted royal assent to Bill C-4, "An Act to amend the Criminal Code, Conversion Therapy". The enactment of Bill C-4 amends the Criminal Code in order to create offences pertaining to the acts of causing another person to undergo conversion therapy, promoting or advertising conversion therapy and receiving financial or other material benefit from the provision of conversion therapy, as well as doing anything for the purpose of removing a child from Canada to undergo conversion therapy outside of Canada. As a response to the changes outlined in this new legislation, the Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics (CCJCSS) has made adjustments to the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Survey.

Effective January 07, 2022, sections 320.102 Conversion Therapy, 320.103 Promoting or Advertising and 320.104 Material Benefit, become punishable acts under the Criminal Code. As a result, the following three violation codes have been added to the UCR Survey: 1633 Causing or Providing Conversion Therapy, 1634 Material benefit from Conversion Therapy, 3570 Promoting or Advertising Conversion Therapy.

Effective January 07, 2022, existing Criminal Code section 273.3(1)(c) - Removal of Children from Canada has been amended to include section 320.102 Conversion Therapy as a punishable offence under this section. Any contraventions to this section (now including conversion therapy) are to continue being reported under existing UCR violation code 1545 Removal of Children from Canada.

Emergencies Act (S.C. 1988, c.29):

In January of 2022, the Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics (CCJCSS) introduced the following violation code to the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Survey: 6570 Emergencies Act in order to capture relevant information in relation to the convoy protests around the country.

An Act to amend the Criminal Code and the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act Bill C-5 (2022):

This enactment amends the Criminal Code and the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act to, among other things, repeal certain mandatory minimum penalties, allow for a greater use of conditional sentences and establish diversion measures for simple drug possession offences. Under this act, mandatory minimum sentences were repealed for 14 offences in the Criminal Code and all six mandatory minimum sentences in the CDSA (Controlled Drugs and Substances Act).

An Act to amend the Criminal Code and the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (Trafficking in Human Organs): Bill S-223 (2022):

The Canadian Government granted royal assent to Bill S-223: An Act to amend the Criminal Code and the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (Trafficking in Human Organs), on December 15, 2022. In response to the changes outlined in this new legislation, the Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics (CCJCSS) has made adjustments to the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Survey. The enactment of Bill S-223 amends the Criminal Code to create new offences in relation to trafficking in human organs, among other changes.

Effective December 15, 2022, sections 240.1(1) Removal without informed consent and 240.1(2) Financial transaction became punishable offences under the Criminal Code. As a result, the following violation code has been added to the UCR Survey: 1641 Trafficking in Human Organs.

An Act to amend the Criminal Code and to make consequential amendments to other Acts: Bill C-41 (2023):

The Canadian Government granted royal assent to Bill C-41, "An Act to amend the Criminal Code and to make consequential amendments to other Acts" on June 20, 2023. In response to the changes outlined in this new legislation, the Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics (CCJCSS) has made adjustments to the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Survey. New Criminal Code sections 83.03 (1) Providing, making available, etc., property or services for terrorist purposes and 83.03 (2) Providing, making available, etc., property or services — use by terrorist group will be mapped to existing UCR code 3711 'Property or Services for Terrorist Activity'.

An Act to amend the Criminal Code, the Sex Offender Information Registration Act and the International Transfer of Offenders Act: Bill S-12 (2023):

The Canadian Government granted royal assent to Bill S-12: An Act to amend the Criminal Code, the Sex Offender Information Registration Act and the International Transfer of Offenders Act, on October 26, 2023. In response to the changes outlined in this new legislation, the Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics (CCJCSS) has made adjustments to the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Survey. UCR violation code 1356 'Sexual Exploitation of a Person with a Disability' has been updated to reflect the new maximum penalty outlined in the new legislation. As a result, violation code 1356 'Sexual Exploitation of a Person with a Disability' now has a maximum penalty of 10 years (previously 5 years).

An Act to amend certain Acts and to make certain consequential amendments (firearms): Bill C-21 (2023):

The Canadian Government granted royal assent to Bill C-21, An Act to amend certain Acts and to make certain consequential amendments (firearms). In response to the changes outlined in this new legislation, the Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics (CCJCSS) has made adjustments to the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Survey. The enactment of Bill C-21 amends the Criminal Code by increasing the maximum penalty from 10 to 14 years for sections 95(2)(a), 96(2)(a), 99(2), 100(2) and 103(2), resulting in a maximum penalty increase for the UCR violation codes pertaining to these sections: 3365 'Weapons Trafficking and Manufacturing', 3375 'Possession of Weapons' and 3380 'Unauthorized Importing/Exporting of Weapons'. In addition, the UCR has modified the label for violation 3365 from "Weapons Trafficking" to "Weapons Trafficking and Manufacturing" in order to more accurately represent the sections making up this violation code.  Effective December 15, 2023, section 104.1(1)(2) Altering cartridge magazine became a punishable offence under the Criminal Code and effective January 14, 2024, sections 102.1(1) Possession of computer data and 102.1(2) Distribution of computer data have become punishable offences under subsection (3) of the same section. As a result, the following two violation codes have been added to the UCR survey: 3366, possession and distribution of computer data (firearm) and 3367, altering cartridge magazine.

British Columbia's exemption from the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (CDSA) (2023):

The Canadian Government approved the province of British Columbia's request for a three-year exemption from the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (CDSA) to decriminalize people who use drugs, effective January 31st, 2023 – January 31st, 2026. Under the new exemption, adults (aged 18 years and older) in the province of British Columbia are able to possess certain illicit substances for personal use - under 2.5 grams. Substances covered under decriminalization are opioids (including heroin, fentanyl, carfentanil, etc.) cocaine (including crack), methamphetamine, and MDMA (ecstasy) regardless of purity. In response to these changes, the Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics (CCJCSS) will not receive any drug possession violations that fall within the scope of the new exemption. Recent changes to the exemption recriminalize illicit drug use in all public spaces, including inside hospitals, on transit, and in parks, allowing police to ask a drug user to leave the area, and seize their drugs "when necessary", or arrest them "in exceptional circumstances". Drug use will still be allowed in a private residence or place where someone is legally sheltering or at overdose prevention sites, outpatient addiction services and drug checking locations.

Comparing UCR Data with Courts and Corrections Data

It is difficult to make comparisons between data reported by police and data from other sectors of the criminal justice system (i.e., courts and corrections). There is no single unit of count (i.e., incidents, offences, charges, cases or persons) which is defined consistently across the major sectors of the justice system. As well, charges actually laid can be different from the Most Serious Offence by which incidents are categorized. In addition, the number and type of charges laid by police may change at the pre-court stage or during the court process. Time lags between the various stages of the justice process also make comparisons difficult.

Why do we conduct this survey?

The purpose of this survey is to obtain information on the expenditures made by industry to protect the environment in Canada. This information serves as an important indicator of Canadian investment in environmental protection.

Data from this survey are used by all levels of government in establishing informed environmental policies. The private sector also uses this information in the corporate decision-making process.

Your information may also be used by Statistics Canada for other statistical and research purposes.

Your participation in this survey is required under the authority of the Statistics Act.

Other important information

Authorization to collect this information

Data are collected under the authority of the Statistics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, Chapter S-19.

Confidentiality

By law, Statistics Canada is prohibited from releasing any information it collects that could identify any person, business, or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent, or as permitted by the Statistics Act. Statistics Canada will use the information from this survey for statistical purposes only.

Record linkages

To enhance the data from this survey and to reduce the reporting burden, Statistics Canada may combine the acquired data with information from other surveys or from administrative sources.

Data-sharing agreements

To reduce respondent burden, Statistics Canada has entered into data-sharing agreements with provincial and territorial statistical agencies and other government organizations, which have agreed to keep the data confidential and use them only for statistical purposes. Statistics Canada will only share data from this survey with those organizations that have demonstrated a requirement to use the data.

Section 11 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with provincial and territorial statistical agencies that meet certain conditions. These agencies must have the legislative authority to collect the same information, on a mandatory basis, and the legislation must provide substantially the same provisions for confidentiality and penalties for disclosure of confidential information as the Statistics Act. Because these agencies have the legal authority to compel businesses to provide the same information, consent is not requested, and businesses may not object to the sharing of the data.

For this survey, there are Section 11 agreements with the provincial and territorial statistical agencies of Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia, and the Yukon. The shared data will be limited to information pertaining to business establishments located within the jurisdiction of the respective province or territory.

Section 12 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with federal, provincial, or territorial government organizations. Under Section 12, you may refuse to share your information with any of these organizations by writing a letter of objection to the Chief Statistician, specifying the organizations with which you do not want Statistics Canada to share your data and mailing it to the following address:

• Chief Statistician of Canada
• Statistics Canada
• Attention of Director, Enterprise Statistics Division
• 150 Tunney's Pasture Driveway
• Ottawa, Ontario
• K1A 0T6

You may also contact us by email at statcan.esdhelpdesk-dsebureaudedepannage.statcan@statcan.gc.ca or by fax at 613-951-6583.

For this survey, there are Section 12 agreements with Natural Resources Canada; Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada; and the statistical agencies of Prince Edward Island, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut.

For agreements with provincial and territorial government organizations, the shared data will be limited to information pertaining to business establishments located within the jurisdiction of the respective province or territory.

Reporting instructions

• Please print in ink.
• This survey collects information on environmental protection expenditures and investments. For example, purchase of machinery or technology outlays, hiring of clean technology specialists, expenditures on solid waste, wastewater and air pollution management activities or purchase of permits.
• Enter all your operating expenses and capital expenditures, whether or not they are in response to current or anticipated Canadian or international regulations, conventions or voluntary agreements.
• Please report expenditures made by the establishment listed above.
• Report all dollar amounts in Canadian dollars (CAN$), rounded to the nearest dollar.
• Percentages should be rounded to whole numbers.
• When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimates.
• Enter '0' if there is no value to report.

Business or organization and contact information

1. Verify or provide the business or organization's legal and operating name and correct where needed.

Note: Legal name modifications should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

Legal Name

The legal name is one recognized by law, thus it is the name liable for pursuit or for debts incurred by the business or organization. In the case of a corporation, it is the legal name as fixed by its charter or the statute by which the corporation was created.

Modifications to the legal name should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

To indicate a legal name of another legal entity you should instead indicate it in question 3 by selecting 'Not currently operational' and then choosing the applicable reason and providing the legal name of this other entity along with any other requested information.

Operating Name

The operating name is a name the business or organization is commonly known as if different from its legal name. The operating name is synonymous with trade name.

• Legal name
• Operating name (if applicable)

2. Verify or provide the contact information of the designated business or organization contact person for this questionnaire and correct where needed.

Note: The designated contact person is the person who should receive this questionnaire. The designated contact person may not always be the one who actually completes the questionnaire.

• First name
• Last name
• Title
• Preferred language of communication
  • English
  • French
• Mailing address (number and street)
• City
• Province, territory or state
• Postal code or ZIP code
• Country
• Email address
• Telephone number (including area code)
• Extension number (if applicable)
• The maximum number of characters is 10.
• Fax number (including area code)

3. Verify or provide the current operational status of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

• Operational
• Not currently operational
  Why is this business or organization not currently operational?
  • Seasonal operations
    • When did this business or organization close for the season?
      • Date
    • When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
      • Date
  • Ceased operations
    • When did this business or organization cease operations?
      • Date
    • Why did this business or organization cease operations?
      • Bankruptcy
      • Liquidation
      • Dissolution
      • Other - Specify the other reasons for ceased operations:
  • Sold operations
    • When was this business or organization sold?
      • Date
    • What is the legal name of the buyer?
  • Amalgamated with other businesses or organizations
    • When did this business or organization amalgamate?
      • Date
    • What is the legal name of the resulting or continuing business or organization?
    • What are the legal names of the other amalgamated businesses or organizations?
  • Temporarily inactive but will re-open
    • When did this business or organization become temporarily inactive?
      • Date
    • When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
      • Date
    • Why is this business or organization temporarily inactive?
  • No longer operating due to other reasons
    • When did this business or organization cease operations?
      • Date
    • Why did this business or organization cease operations?

4. Verify or provide the current main activity of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

Note: The described activity was assigned using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

This question verifies the business or organization's current main activity as classified by the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) is an industry classification system developed by the statistical agencies of Canada, Mexico and the United States. Created against the background of the North American Free Trade Agreement, it is designed to provide common definitions of the industrial structure of the three countries and a common statistical framework to facilitate the analysis of the three economies. NAICS is based on supply-side or production-oriented principles, to ensure that industrial data, classified to NAICS, are suitable for the analysis of production-related issues such as industrial performance.

The target entity for which NAICS is designed are businesses and other organizations engaged in the production of goods and services. They include farms, incorporated and unincorporated businesses and government business enterprises. They also include government institutions and agencies engaged in the production of marketed and non-marketed services, as well as organizations such as professional associations and unions and charitable or non-profit organizations and the employees of households.

The associated NAICS should reflect those activities conducted by the business or organizational units targeted by this questionnaire only, as identified in the 'Answering this questionnaire' section and which can be identified by the specified legal and operating name. The main activity is the activity which most defines the targeted business or organization's main purpose or reason for existence. For a business or organization that is for-profit, it is normally the activity that generates the majority of the revenue for the entity.

The NAICS classification contains a limited number of activity classifications; the associated classification might be applicable for this business or organization even if it is not exactly how you would describe this business or organization's main activity.

Please note that any modifications to the main activity through your response to this question might not necessarily be reflected prior to the transmitting of subsequent questionnaires and as a result they may not contain this updated information.

The following is the detailed description including any applicable examples or exclusions for the classification currently associated with this business or organization.

Description and examples

• This is the current main activity
  • Provide a brief but precise description of this business or organization's main activity
  • e.g., breakfast cereal manufacturing, shoe store, software development
• This is not the current main activity

Main activity

5. You indicated that is not the current main activity.

Was this business or organization's main activity ever classified as: ?

• Yes
  • When did the main activity change?
  • Date
• No

6. Search and select the industry classification code that best corresponds to this business or organization's main activity.

Select this business or organization's activity sector (optional)

• Farming or logging operation
• Construction company or general contractor
• Manufacturer
• Wholesaler
• Retailer
• Provider of passenger or freight transportation
• Provider of investment, savings or insurance products
• Real estate agency, real estate brokerage or leasing company
• Provider of professional, scientific or technical services
• Provider of health care or social services
• Restaurant, bar, hotel, motel or other lodging establishment
• Other sector

Solid waste management

1. Report this establishment's capital expenditures and operating expenses for non-hazardous and hazardous solid waste management during the 2023 fiscal year.

Report $0 for the two categories of expenditures if your establishment is located on a rental property, and that these expenditures are included in the rent paid to the owner of the building.

If your establishment is responsible to pay the municipal taxes report the amount towards solid waste management in operating expenses.

Include expenditures related to:

• non-hazardous and hazardous solid waste collection, transport, treatment, storage, disposal, recycling, and composting
• on-site preparation of materials for recycling at an off-site facility done by your establishment's employees and services provided by a private contractor or a federal, provincial or local government body
• assessments and audits
• activities related to measurement, control, laboratories
• municipal services
• both own-account expenses (e.g., employee wages and salaries) and purchased goods and services.

Exclude expenditures on:

• on-site recycling
• sewage or wastewater management (to be reported in question 5)
• treatment of high-level radioactive waste (to be reported in question 25).

To report operating expenses:

Include all expenses related to environmental protection incurred for labour, materials and supplies, maintenance and repair, and purchased services (include fuel and electricity expenses for machinery and equipment whose sole purpose is to protect the environment).

Exclude depreciation on machinery and equipment.

To report capital expenditures:

Include all relevant outlays for machinery and equipment and their installation and repair that have been capitalized, as well as for the construction of non-residential facilities (contractors or own employees). For construction, include all costs associated with demolition, planning and design (such as engineering and consulting fees), any materials supplied to construction contractors for installation and any costs associated with the purchase of land that are neither amortized nor depreciated.

Exclude any provisions for future environmental liability (e.g., obligations to clean up or pay for the cleanup of contamination).

If the expenditure is zero or if not applicable, enter '0' in the corresponding box. When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate.

Note: This survey requires all environmental protection expenditures to be reported, whether or not they are in response to current or anticipated Canadian or international regulations, conventions or voluntary agreements.

To report operating expenses:

Include all expenses related to environmental protection incurred for labour, materials and supplies, maintenance and repair, and purchased services (include fuel and electricity expenses for machinery and equipment whose sole purpose is to protect the environment).

Exclude depreciation on machinery and equipment.

To report capital expenditures:

Include all relevant outlays for machinery and equipment and their installation and repair that have been capitalized, as well as for the construction of non-residential facilities (contractors or own employees). For construction, include all costs associated with demolition, planning and design (such as engineering and consulting fees), any materials supplied to construction contractors for installation and any costs associated with the purchase of land that are neither amortized nor depreciated.

Exclude any provisions for future environmental liability.

Environmental protection expenditures:

All operating expenses and capital and repair expenditures whose primary purpose is the prevention, reduction or elimination of pollution and/or other forms of degradation of the environment as well as measures taken to restore the environment from a degraded state. This includes expenditures that this specific establishment incurred for pollution prevention, abatement and control; solid waste management; wastewater management; protection and remediation of soil, groundwater and surface water; protection and restoration of biodiversity and habitat; environmental monitoring; environmental assessments and audits; relevant training and administrative costs, etc.

Exclude expenditures made to improve employee health, workplace safety, and site beautification. Expenses incurred to produce pollution prevention or abatement and control equipment for sale are also excluded as they would appear twice in the expenditure data produced by Statistics Canada. Expenditures for environment-related research and development are also excluded since they are collected elsewhere in Statistics Canada.

Report this establishment's capital expenditures and operating expenses for non-hazardous and hazardous solid waste management during the 2023 fiscal year.

	CAN$
Capital expenditures
Operating expenses
Total expenditures

2. Of the total expenditures reported in question 1, report the proportion spent externally on purchased goods, technologies and services.

Purchased goods, technologies and services are goods, technologies and services provided by an outside company or service provider. They exclude in-house or own-account expenditures, such as employee wages and salaries.

When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate.

Percentage spent

3. Which of the following goods and technologies related to solid waste management were purchased by this establishment during the 2023 fiscal year?

Select all that apply.

• Collection vehicles for waste, recycling and organics
• Containers for collection of waste, recycling and organics
• Other recycling equipment used in collection
• Separating and sorting-related goods and technologies - e.g., air classifiers, magnetic separators, eddy current separators
• Compaction-related goods and technologies - e.g., balers, densifiers, compactors, shredders, granulators
• Centralized biological reprocessing technologies - e.g., centralized composters
• Equipment for landfill leachate collection and containment
• Equipment for landfill gas management
• Equipment for thermal treatment - e.g., rotary kiln incinerator, mass burning, starved air incinerator, fluidized bed
• Other
• Specify other solid waste management goods or technologies purchased:
• No purchases

4. The total expenditures reported for solid waste management was $0. Which of the following services related to solid waste management (i.e., waste, recycling and organics) were used by this establishment during the 2023 fiscal year?

Select all that apply.

• Solid waste collection and treatment services included in the rent (paid by the owner of the building)
• Solid waste collection and treatment services provided by a government body (paid in taxes, like municipal taxes) - Include services offered by government bodies (e.g., municipal waste collection) or by a private company hired by a government body to collect and manage solid waste
• Solid waste collection and treatment services provided by a private contractor - Include services provided by a private contractor hired by your establishment to collect and manage solid waste - e.g., GFL (Green for life), Wasteco
• Other
• Specify other solid waste management services:
• No services used

Wastewater management

5. Report this establishment's capital expenditures and operating expenses for wastewater management during the 2023 fiscal year.

Report $0 for the two categories of expenditures if your establishment is located on a rental property, and that these expenditures are included in the rent paid to the owner of the building.

If your establishment is responsible to pay the municipal taxes report the amount towards wastewater management in operating expenses.

Include expenditures related to:

• prevention of wastewater through in-process modifications
• wastewater treatment, including pollution abatement and control (end-of-pipe) processes
• management of substances released to surface waters, municipal sewer systems, soil, or underground
• treatment of cooling water for disposal
• the installation of sewage infrastructure and expenditures related to the use, collection, treatment and disposal of sewage, including septic tanks
• sewage services provided by a federal, provincial or local government body (e.g., municipal services)
• handling and treatment of mine tailings
• assessments and audits
• activities related to measurement, control, laboratories
• both own-account expenses (e.g., employee wages and salaries) and purchased goods and services.

Exclude expenditures on the protection of groundwater from pollutant infiltration and the cleaning up of soil and water bodies after pollution (to be reported in question 18).

If the expenditure is zero or if not applicable, enter '0' in the corresponding box. When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate.

Note: This survey requires all environmental protection expenditures to be reported, whether or not they are in response to current or anticipated Canadian or international regulations, conventions or voluntary agreements.

Report this establishment's capital expenditures and operating expenses for wastewater management during the 2023 fiscal year.

	CAN$
Capital expenditures
Operating expenses
Total expenditures

6. Of the total expenditures reported in question 5, report the proportion spent externally on purchased goods, technologies and services.

Purchased goods, technologies and services are goods, technologies and services provided by an outside company or service provider. They exclude in-house or own-account expenditures, such as employee wages and salaries.

When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate.

Percentage spent

Wastewater pollution abatement and control (end-of-pipe processes) is any method, technique, or process designed to manage and treat pollution after it is generated during the production process.

For example:

• biological and chemical systems to treat water (such as water treatment plants)
• filtration systems
• cyclones
• septic tanks, portable toilets
• other barrier systems
• treatment of cooling water before release
• municipal, provincial or federal sewage services.

Wastewater pollution prevention (integrated processes) is any method, technique, or process that reduces or eliminates the amount of pollution generated during the production process i.e., before pollution is created. Pollution prevention activities can include equipment and technology modifications.

For example:

• product design or reformulation to be less toxic upon use, release or disposal
• equipment or process modifications (integrated processes)
• recirculation, on-site recycling or reuse or recovery of polluting substances
• materials or feedstock substitution, solvent reduction, elimination or substitution
• improved inventory management or purchasing techniques
• prevention of leaks and spills of polluting substances
• improved operating practices or pollution prevention training.
• Exclude expenditures related to research and development (not covered in this survey).

7. Of the capital expenditures reported for wastewater management (question 5a), what proportion was spent on each of the following?

If the proportion is zero, enter '0' in the corresponding box. When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate.

Of the capital expenditures reported for wastewater management (question 5a), what proportion was spent on each of the following?

	Percentage
Pollution abatement and control (end-of-pipe)
Pollution prevention (integrated processes)
Total percentage

8. Of the operating expenses reported for wastewater management (question 5b), what proportion was spent on each of the following?

If the proportion is zero, enter '0' in the corresponding box. When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate.

Of the operating expenses reported for wastewater management (question 5b), what proportion was spent on each of the following?

	Percentage
Pollution abatement and control (end-of-pipe)
Pollution prevention (integrated processes)
Total percentage

9. Which of the following goods and technologies related to wastewater management were purchased by this establishment during the 2023 fiscal year?

Select all that apply.

• Tanks and related components for dilution or equalization, neutralization, sedimentation, chemical precipitation
• Oil separators, skimmers used in industrial wastewater
• Oil separators, skimmers in sewage treatment
• Ion exchange beds
• Air stripping tanks or columns
• Liquid extraction columns
• Micro-porous membrane adsorbers
• Equipment for advanced chemical oxidation or UV radiation
• Pre-treatment filters
• Chemicals used in industrial wastewater treatment
• Chemicals used in sewage treatment
• Intake screens
• Air sparging grit chambers
• Tanks and related components for sedimentation, chemical precipitation or flocculation, aerobic biological treatment, aeration, clarification, disinfection
• Membrane bioreactors
• Trickling filters
• Anaerobic digesters
• Other
• Specify other goods and technologies purchased for wastewater management:
• No purchases

10. The total expenditures reported for wastewater management was $0. Which of the following services related to wastewater management were used by this establishment during the 2023 fiscal year?

Select all that apply.

• Wastewater management services included in the rent (paid by the owner of the building)
• Wastewater management services provided by a government body (paid in taxes, like municipal taxes) - Include services offered by government bodies (e.g., municipal sewage) or by a private company hired by a government body to manage and treat wastewater
• Wastewater management services provided by a private contractor - Include services provided by a private contractor hired by your establishment to manage wastewater - e.g., private company contracted to empty the sceptic tank
• Other
• Specify other wastewater management services:
• No services used

Environmental protection

11. During the 2023 fiscal year, did this establishment have environmental protection expenditures in any of the following categories?

Include capital expenditures and operating expenses.

Report both own-account expenses (e.g., employee wages and salaries) and purchased goods and services.

Please select either "Yes" or "No" for each type of expenditure. Please do not leave any question blank.

During the 2023 fiscal year, did this establishment have environmental protection expenditures in any of the following categories?

	Yes	No
Air pollution management
Protection and remediation of soil, groundwater and surface water
Protection of biodiversity and habitat
Noise and vibration abatement
Protection against radiation
Environmental charges
Other environmental protection activities

Air pollution management

12. Report this establishment's capital expenditures and operating expenses for air pollution management during the 2023 fiscal year.

Include expenditures related to:

• the management of pollutant emissions to the atmosphere, including greenhouse gases
• both pollution prevention (integrated processes) and pollution abatement and control (end-of-pipe processes)
• assessments and audits
• activities related to measurement, control, laboratories
• both own-account expenses (e.g., employee wages and salaries) and purchased goods and services.

Exclude expenditures related to:

• workers' health and safety (e.g., maintenance of indoor air quality)
• measures undertaken for cost-saving reasons, such as heat or energy savings (to be reported in question 31a)
• the purchase of electric or hybrid vehicles (to be reported in question 31b)
• the production of renewable or clean energy (to be reported in questions 31c and 31e)
• the purchase of biofuels (to be reported in question 31d)
• the purchase of renewable energy (not included in this survey).

If the expenditure is zero, enter '0' in the corresponding box. When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate.

Report this establishment's capital expenditures and operating expenses for air pollution management during the 2023 fiscal year.

	CAN$
Capital expenditures
Operating expenses
Total expenditures

13. Of the total expenditures reported in question 12, report the proportion spent externally on purchased goods, technologies and services.

Purchased goods, technologies and services are goods, technologies and services provided by an outside company or service provider. They exclude in-house or own-account expenditures, such as employee wages and salaries.

When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate.

Percentage spent

Air pollution abatement and control (end-of-pipe processes) is any method, technique, or process designed to manage and treat pollution after it is generated during the production process.

For example:

• scrubbers at the end of emission stacks
• filtration systems
• cyclones
• other barrier systems.

Air pollution prevention (integrated processes) is any method, technique, or process that reduces or eliminates the amount of pollution generated during the production process i.e., before pollution is created. Pollution prevention activities can include equipment and technology modifications.

For example:

• product design or reformulation to be less toxic upon use, release or disposal
• equipment or process modifications (integrated processes)
• recirculation, on-site recycling or reuse/recovery of air polluting substances
• materials or feedstock substitution, solvent reduction, elimination or substitution
• improved inventory management or purchasing techniques
• prevention of leaks of polluting substances
• improved operating practices or pollution prevention training.
• Exclude expenditures related to research and development (not covered in this survey)

14. Of the capital expenditures reported for air pollution management (question 12a), what proportion was spent on each of the following?

If the proportion is zero, enter '0' in the corresponding box. When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate.

Of the capital expenditures reported for air pollution management (question 12a), what proportion was spent on each of the following?

	Percentage
Pollution abatement and control (end-of-pipe)
Pollution prevention (integrated processes)
Total percentage

15. Of the operating expenses reported for air pollution management (question 12b), what proportion was spent on each of the following?

If the proportion is zero, enter '0' in the corresponding box. When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate.

Of the operating expenses reported for air pollution management (question 12b), what proportion was spent on each of the following?

	Percentage
Pollution abatement and control (end-of-pipe)
Pollution prevention (integrated processes)
Total percentage

16. Which of the following goods and technologies related to air pollution management were purchased by this establishment during the 2023 fiscal year?

Select all that apply.

Physical or chemical treatment technologies

• Filters and cyclones e.g., membrane, baghouse, granular bed
• Electrostatic precipitators
• Scrubbers e.g., venturi, spray tower, mechanical, plate tower, packed tower
• Waste gas absorbers and waste gas flare or incinerators
• Industrial catalytic converters
• Pollutant recovery condensers
• Adsorbers
• Other
• Specify other physical or chemical treatment technologies purchased:
• No purchases

Greenhouse gas control technologies

• Clean coal processing technologies
• Carbon capture and sequestration technologies and storage
• Air and off-gas treatments e.g., oxidation, scrubbing, vapour phase carbon adsorption
• Other
• Specify other greenhouse gas control technologies purchased:
• No purchases

Air quality and air pollution technologies

• Low emitting burners e.g., low NOx, low SOx
• Other
• Specify other air quality and air pollution technologies purchased:
• No purchases

Monitoring and compliance technologies

• Leak detection technologies
• Environmental measurement apparatus
• Other
• Specify other monitoring and compliance technologies purchased:
• No purchases

17. Which of the following services related to air pollution management were purchased by this establishment during the 2023 fiscal year?

Select all that apply.

Greenhouse gas management services

• Services for carbon credit trading, generation of compliance units, surplus allowances, emissions performance credits, and offset credits
• Preparation of emissions reports and verification services
• Allowance auctioning and exchange platform services
• Market monitoring services
• Offset protocol development and validation services
• Services for the development of compliance systems and electronic emissions reporting systems
• Other
• Specify other greenhouse gas management services purchased:
• No purchases

Air pollution management services

• Measuring and monitoring services
• Modelling and mapping services
• Risk assessment and management services
• Services for the development of compliance and electronic emissions reporting systems
• Other
• Specify other air pollution management services purchased:
• No purchases

Protection and remediation of soil, groundwater and surface water

18. Report this establishment's capital expenditures and operating expenses for the protection and remediation of soil, groundwater and surface water during the 2023 fiscal year.

Include expenditures related to:

• prevention of pollutant infiltration
• remediation or cleaning up of soil and water bodies
• site reclamation and decommissioning (include decommissioning costs incurred in the 2023 fiscal year, even if the site was closed before this period)
• protection of soil from erosion and other physical degradation
• prevention and remediation of soil salinity
• assessments and audits
• activities related to measurement, control, laboratories
• both own-account expenses (e.g., employee wages and salaries) and purchased goods and services.

Exclude expenditures related to:

• wastewater management activities (to be reported in question 5)
• protection of biodiversity and habitat (to be reported in question 21).

If the expenditure is zero, enter '0' in the corresponding box. When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate.

Report this establishment's capital expenditures and operating expenses for the protection and remediation of soil, groundwater and surface water during the 2023 fiscal year.

	CAN$
Capital expenditures
Operating expenses
Total expenditures

19. Of the total expenditures reported in question 18, report the proportion spent externally on purchased goods, technologies and services.

Purchased goods, technologies and services are goods, technologies and services provided by an outside company or service provider. They exclude in-house or own-account expenditures, such as employee wages and salaries.

When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate.

Percentage spent

20. Which of the following goods and technologies related to protection and remediation of soil, groundwater and surface water were purchased by this establishment during the 2023 fiscal year?

Include machinery, equipment, products, and technologies.

Select all that apply.

• In situ biological treatments e.g., enhanced bioremediation, phytoremediation, bioventing
• Ex situ biological treatments e.g., bioreaction, biopiles, landfarming, slurry phase biological treatment
• In situ physical and chemical treatments - Include the purchase of chemicals for remediation of soil, sediment, sludge, ground water, surface water or leachate. e.g., biochar, chemical oxidation, fracturing, soil flushing, soil vapour extraction, solidification, stabilization, air sparging, bioslurping, chemical oxidation, directional wells, dual phase extraction, thermal treatment, hydrofracturing enhancements, in-well air stripping, passive and reactive treatment walls
• Ex situ physical and chemical treatments - Include the purchase of chemicals for remediation of soil, sediment, sludge, ground water, surface water and leachate. e.g., chemical extraction, chemical reduction and oxidation, dehalogenation, separation, soil washing, solidification, stabilization, adsorption and absorption, advanced oxidation, air stripping, ion exchange, precipitation, flocculation, coagulation, separation, sprinkler irrigation
• In situ thermal treatments - e.g., hot air injection, electrical resistance
• Ex situ thermal treatments - e.g., incineration, pyrolysis, thermal desorption
• Containment
• Other
• Specify other goods or technologies purchased for the protection and remediation of soil, groundwater, and surface water:
• No purchases

Protection of biodiversity and habitat

21. Report this establishment's capital expenditures and operating expenses for the protection of biodiversity and habitat during the 2023 fiscal year.

Include expenditures related to:

• the protection, restoration and rehabilitation of wildlife and habitat
• purchase of land for protection of species and habitat
• assessments and audits
• activities related to measurement, control, laboratories
• both own-account expenses (e.g., employee wages and salaries) and purchased goods and services.

Exclude expenditures related to:

• site reclamation and decommissioning (to be reported in question 18)
• landscaping for decorative purposes, the rehabilitation of predominantly build-up landscapes, or other activities undertaken for predominantly aesthetic reasons
• weed control, maintenance of game or timber stocks, or other activities undertaken for predominantly economic reasons
• protection and rehabilitation of historic monuments or predominantly built-up or urban landscapes (unless the purpose is the protection of biodiversity and habitat)
• foregone revenues resulting from regulations or conventions that reduce the allowable harvest (e.g., for logging activities).

If the expenditure is zero, enter '0' in the corresponding box. When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate.

Report this establishment's capital expenditures and operating expenses for the protection of biodiversity and habitat during the 2023 fiscal year.

	CAN$
Capital expenditures
Operating expenses
Total expenditures

22. Of the total expenditures reported in question 21, report the proportion spent externally on purchased goods, technologies and services.

Purchased goods, technologies and services are goods, technologies and services provided by an outside company or service provider. They exclude in-house or own-account expenditures, such as employee wages and salaries.

When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate.

Percentage spent

Noise and vibration abatement

23. Report this establishment's capital expenditures and operating expenses for noise and vibration abatement during the 2023 fiscal year.

Include expenditures related to:

• the control, reduction and abatement of noise and vibration, including preventive in-process modifications at the source, the construction of anti-noise or anti-vibration facilities, or any other related activities
• assessments and audits
• activities related to measurement, control, laboratories
• both own-account expenses (e.g., employee wages and salaries) and purchased goods and services.

Exclude expenditures related to workers' health and safety.

If the expenditure is zero, enter '0' in the corresponding box. When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate.

Report this establishment's capital expenditures and operating expenses for noise and vibration abatement during the 2023 fiscal year.

	CAN$
Capital expenditures
Operating expenses
Total expenditures

24. Of the total expenditures reported in question 23, report the proportion spent externally on purchased goods, technologies and services.

Purchased goods, technologies and services are goods, technologies and services provided by an outside company or service provider. They exclude in-house or own-account expenditures, such as employee wages and salaries.

When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate.

Percentage spent

Protection against radiation

25. Report this establishment's capital expenditures and operating expenses for the protection against radiation during the 2023 fiscal year.

Include expenditures related to:

• protection of ambient media
• the transport and treatment of high-level radioactive waste
• assessments and audits
• activities related to measurement, control, laboratories
• both own-account expenses (e.g., employee wages and salaries) and purchased goods and services.

Exclude expenditures related to:

• the prevention of technological hazards (e.g., external safety of nuclear power plants)
• workers' health and safety
• management of low-level radioactive waste (reported in question 1).

If the expenditure is zero, enter '0' in the corresponding box. When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate.

Report this establishment's capital expenditures and operating expenses for the protection against radiation during the 2023 fiscal year.

	CAN$
Capital expenditures
Operating expenses
Total expenditures

26. Of the total expenditures reported in question 25, report the proportion spent externally on purchased goods, technologies and services.

Purchased goods, technologies and services are goods, technologies and services provided by an outside company or service provider. They exclude in-house or own-account expenditures, such as employee wages and salaries. When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate.

Percentage spent

Environmental charges

27. Report the amount this establishment paid in environmental charges during the 2023 fiscal year.

Exclude expenditures on environmental charges already reported in another question and carbon taxes. If the expenditure is zero, enter '0' in the corresponding box. When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate.

Report the amount this establishment paid in environmental charges during the 2023 fiscal year.

	CAN$
Permits, approvals, fees, special assessments and related fees
Carbon offset credits – Exclude carbon taxes
Fines, penalties or damage awards paid to government agencies or individuals, or other charges paid to regulating bodies in order to allow operations to take place at this establishment
Other environmental charges - Specify all other environmental charges:
Total environmental charges

Other environmental protection activities

28. Report this establishment's capital expenditures and operating expenses for environmental protection during the 2023 fiscal year that were not already reported.

Include expenditures related to:

• the general administration of your environmental program
• environmental training and information programs not already reported
• assessments or audits not already reported
• any other environmental protection expenditures not already reported
• both own-account expenses (e.g., employee wages and salaries) and purchased goods and services.

Exclude expenditures related to:

• research and development (not covered in this survey)
• heat or energy savings and management (to be reported in question 31a)
• clean vehicles and transportation equipment (to be reported in question 31b)
• the production of renewable or clean energy (to be reported in questions 31c and 31e)
• the purchase of biofuels, biochemicals or biomaterials (to be reported in question 31d).

If the expenditure is zero, enter '0' in the corresponding box. When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate.

Report this establishment's capital expenditures and operating expenses for environmental protection during the 2023 fiscal year that were not already reported.

	CAN$
Capital expenditures
Operating expenses
Total expenditures

29. Of the total expenditures reported in question 28, report the proportion spent externally on purchased goods, technologies and services.

Purchased goods, technologies and services are goods, technologies and services provided by an outside company or service provider. They exclude in-house or own-account expenditures, such as employee wages and salaries.

When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate.

Percentage spent

30. Describe any changes or events that may have affected the reported environmental protection values for this establishment compared to the last reporting period.

e.g., We installed low-NOx burners in 2022 – for air pollution management

Environmental technologies and processes

31. During the 2023 fiscal year, did this establishment have expenditures in any of the following categories?

Include both operating and capital expenditures.

During the 2023 fiscal year, did this establishment have expenditures in any of the following categories?

	Yes	No
Heat or energy savings and management
Clean vehicles and transportation equipment
Production of energy from renewable sources, whether for sale or own use
Purchase of biofuels, biochemical products or biomaterials
Production of nuclear energy

Heat or energy savings and management

32. Report this establishment's capital expenditures and operating expenses related to the management of energy resources through heat or energy savings and management during the 2023 fiscal year.

Include expenditures related to:

• energy savings through in-process modifications
• purchase of efficient industrial or commercial equipment, demand management technologies, or energy storage technologies
• purchase of energy efficiency services or smart grid services
• building and fleet energy audits
• thermal insulation activities
• energy recovery activities
• assessments and audits
• activities related to measurement, control, laboratories
• more efficient furnace
• lighting upgrades
• both own-account expenses (e.g., employee wages and salaries) and purchased goods, technologies and services.

Exclude expenditures related to:

• pollution abatement and control or prevention for air pollution (to be reported in question 12)
• the purchase of energy-efficient vehicles (to be reported in question 37)
• renewable/clean energy production (to be reported in questions 39 and 43)
• the purchase of biofuels (to be reported in question 42).

If the expenditure is zero, enter '0' in the corresponding box. When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate.

Report this establishment's capital expenditures and operating expenses related to the management of energy resources through heat or energy savings and management during the 2023 fiscal year.

	CAN$
Capital expenditures
Operating expenses
Total expenditures

33. Of the total expenditures reported in question 32, report the proportion spent externally on purchased goods, technologies and services.

Purchased goods, technologies and services are goods, technologies and services provided by an outside company or service provider. They exclude in-house or own-account expenditures, such as employee wages and salaries.

When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate.

Percentage spent

34. Which of the following goods and technologies related to heat or energy savings and management were purchased by this establishment during the 2023 fiscal year?

Include machinery, equipment, products, and technologies.

Select all that apply.

Efficient industrial or commercial equipment

• High efficiency burners and boilers e.g., Energy Star
• High efficiency pumps and motors e.g., Energy Star, NEMA PremiumTM
• High efficiency industrial or commercial HVAC e.g., Energy Star
• Combined heat and power generation (CHP/cogeneration)
• High efficiency industrial or commercial lighting systems e.g., Energy Star
• Automation and control technologies
• Energy efficient filters and processes
• Advanced insulation e.g., super insulating materials (SIMs), vacuum insulation panels (VIP), gas-filled panels (GFP), and aerogel-based products (ABP)
• Predictive maintenance technologies e.g., twinning, sensors, related software
• Other
• Specify other efficient industrial or commercial equipment purchased:
• No purchases

Demand management technologies

• Smart inverters
• Smart meters and devices
• Phasor measurement units
• Management systems e.g., software
• Other
• Specify other demand management technologies purchased:
• No purchases

Energy storage technologies

• Flywheels
• Equipment for pumped hydro systems
• Equipment for compressed air systems
• Advanced batteries e.g., NiCd, NiMH, Li-ion, NaS, NaNiCl, hybrid flow, redox flow, hydrogen storage, synthetic natural gas
• Fuel cells
• Thermal storage systems
• Double-layer capacitors (DLC)
• Superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES)
• Other
• Specify other energy storage technologies purchased:
• No purchases

35. Which of the following services related to heat or energy savings and management were purchased by this establishment during the 2023 fiscal year?

Select all that apply.

Energy efficiency services

• Green building certification services
• Building or fleet energy audit and air leakage testing services
• Energy management system services
• Energy monitoring services
• Energy demand control services
• Data analysis and modelling services
• Process integration services
• Services for advanced insulation activities
• Energy efficiency consulting
• Predictive maintenance services
• Other
• Specify other energy efficiency services purchased:
• No purchases

Smart grid services 

• Energy storage solutions
• Microgrid solutions
• Cyber security services
• Data management and communications solutions
• Demand management services e.g., peak load management and load following
• Monitoring solutions services e.g., self-healing grids
• Other
• Specify other smart grid services purchased:
• No purchases

36. Report this establishment's expenditures for goods, technologies and services related to the management of energy resources through heat or energy savings and management during the 2023 fiscal year in each of the following categories.

	CAN$
Efficient industrial or commercial equipment
Demand management technologies
Energy storage technologies
Energy efficiency services
Smart grid services
Total

Clean vehicles and transportation equipment

37. Report the amount this establishment spent on the purchase of clean vehicles and transportation equipment during the 2023 fiscal year.

Include the purchase of:

• electric, hybrid, and fuel cell vehicles (all-types)
• fuel efficient aircraft
• electric vehicle infrastructure
• alternative fuel and refuelling infrastructure
• low rolling resistance tires
• vehicle emissions monitoring technologies
• alternative fuel retrofit technologies
• equipment or software for vehicle fleet management and logistics.

Exclude:

• operating and maintenance costs for running clean vehicles
• expenses for fleet energy audits (to be reported in question 32)
• any equipment or vehicles for sale.

If the expenditure is zero, enter '0' in the corresponding box. When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate.

Total expenditures

38. Which of the following clean vehicles and transportation equipment were purchased by this establishment during the 2023 fiscal year?

Select all that apply.

Fuel efficient vehicles

• Electric vehicles - Include all vehicle-types.
• Hybrid vehicles - Include all vehicle-types.
• Fuel cell vehicles - Include all vehicle-types.
• Fuel efficient aircraft
• Other
• Specify other clean vehicles purchased:
• No purchases

Clean transportation equipment

• Electric vehicle infrastructure - Include charging stations.
• Alternative fuel and refuelling infrastructure - Include hydrogen and natural gas.
• Low rolling resistance tires
• Vehicle emission monitoring
• Alternative fuel retrofit technologies
• Equipment or software for vehicle fleet management and logistics
• Other
• Specify other clean transportation equipment purchased:
• No purchases

Production of energy from renewable sources

39. Report this establishment's capital expenditures and operating expenses related to the production of energy from renewable sources during the 2023 fiscal year, including both electricity and heat.

Report also the proportion of energy produced from renewable sources for own use.

Include expenditures related to:

• the production of energy from renewable sources, whether for sale or own use
• the installation, operation, and maintenance of equipment, including infrastructure to support the production of renewable energy (e.g., costs for approvals and planning, transmission and distribution lines and other infrastructure)
• the operating and maintenance expenses of existing equipment.

Exclude expenditures related to:

• the purchase of the feedstock used to produce energy, such as biofuels (to be reported in question 42)
• the production of nuclear energy (to be reported in question 43)
• electricity purchased from the grid.

When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate.

For this question, please report expenditures related to the production of energy from renewable sources, whether for sale or own use.

Renewable energy:

Energy obtained from resources that can be naturally replenished or renewed within a human lifespan, that is, the resource is a sustainable source of energy. This includes: wind, solar, aero-thermal, geothermal, hydrothermal, from wave, tidal and ocean thermal energy, hydropower, biomass, landfill gas, sewage treatment plant gas and biogases.

Report this establishment's capital expenditures and operating expenses related to the production of energy from renewable sources during the 2023 fiscal year, including both electricity and heat.

	Capital expenditures CAN$	Operating expenses CAN$	Percentage of energy production for own use
Wind Energy
Geothermal Energy
Energy produced from small hydroelectric facilities
Energy produced from large hydroelectric facilities
Solar Energy
Bioenergy
Energy from waste
Other energy production from renewable resources 1 - Specify
Other energy production from renewable resources 2 - Specify
Other energy production from renewable resources 3 - Specify
Total expenditures for the production of renewable energy

40. Which of the following goods or technologies used for the production of renewable energy were purchased by this establishment during the 2023 fiscal year?

Select all that apply.

Wind Energy

• Wind turbine equipment, nacelle, blades, towers
• Switchgear, transformers
• Other
• Specify all other goods or technologies purchased for the production of wind energy:
• No purchases

Geothermal Energy

• Heat pumps
• Other
• Specify all other goods or technologies purchased for the production of geothermal energy:
• No purchases

Production of energy from small hydroelectric facilities

• Turbines and related components - Exclude wave and tidal energy.
• Turbines and related components for wave or tidal energy
• Generators, valves, gates, transformers, switchgear
• Include components.
• Other
• Specify all other goods or technologies purchased for the production of energy from small hydroelectric facilities:
• No purchases

Production of energy from large hydroelectric facilities

• Turbines and related components - Exclude wave and tidal energy.
• Turbines and related components for wave or tidal energy
• Generators, valves, gates, transformers, switchgear - Include components.
• Other
• Specify all other goods or technologies purchased for the production of energy from large hydroelectric facilities:
• No purchases

Production of solar energy

• Active solar heating equipment - e.g., glazed flat plate collectors, glazed evacuated tubes and collectors, unglazed panels and collectors for heating pools, perforated cladding for solar air heating
• Active solar-power generation equipment - e.g., concentrating mirrors, receivers
• Photovoltaic energy equipment - e.g., photovoltaic cells, modules, panels and arrays, inverters for solar photovoltaic systems
• Other
• Specify all other goods or technologies purchased for the production of solar energy:
• No purchases

Production of bioenergy

• Mixers and centrifuges
• Filtration systems
• Biofuel reactors - e.g., distillation towers, pyrolizers, catalyst beds, gasifiers, heat digesters
• Washers
• Dryers
• Heaters
• Storage systems related to bioenergy production
• Shredders and chippers
• Combined heat and power bioenergy systems
• Domestic woodstoves
• Biomass-fired industrial boilers
• Anaerobic digesters
• Other
• Specify all other goods or technologies purchased for the production of bioenergy - Exclude purchased biofuels:
• No purchases

Production of energy from waste

• Liquid organic waste to energy equipment
• Solid organic waste to energy equipment
• Other
• Specify all other goods or technologies purchased for the production of energy from waste:
• No purchases

Purchase of biofuels, biochemical products and biomaterials

41. Which of the following biofuels, biochemicals and biomaterials were purchased by this establishment during the 2023 fiscal year?

Select all that apply.

Biofuels

• Pellets, chips, cubes, briquettes
• Black pellets
• Energy logs
• Biocoal
• Biochar
• Ethanol, cellulosic ethanol
• Biodiesel
• Renewable diesel
• Pyrolysis oil
• Synthetic fuels e.g., DME, Fisher Tropsch fuels, Biojet fuels
• Bio-oil, pyrolytic oil, biomethanol
• Biobutanol
• Biogas
• Renewable natural gas e.g., biomethane
• Syngas
• Biohydrogen
• Other
• Specify other biofuels purchased:
• No purchases

Biochemical products

• Aromatics, amino and organic acids, phenols, polyols
• Cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin
• Biochar
• Bio-oils, lubricants
• Solvents, adhesives, paints, coatings
• Biopolymers and resins
• Biopesticides
• Biostimulants
• Additives and catalysts e.g., sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, enzymes
• Other
• Specify other biochemical products purchased:
• No purchases

Biomaterials

• Mats, cellulose products
• Bio-based auto parts, building materials, panels, cross laminated timber
• Plastics, films, foams, hydrogels
• Nanomaterials and nanocomposites
• Nanocrystalline cellulose
• Other
• Specify other biomaterials purchased:
• No purchases

42. During the 2023 fiscal year, how much did this establishment spend on purchases in each of the following categories of biofuels, biochemicals and biomaterials?

	CAN$
Biofuels
Biochemical products
Biomaterials
Total expenditures

Production of nuclear energy

43. Report this establishment's capital expenditures and operating expenses related to the production of nuclear energy during the 2023 fiscal year.

Exclude the costs of any feedstock used to produce energy such as uranium.

If the expenditure is zero, enter '0' in the corresponding box. When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimate.

Report this establishment's capital expenditures and operating expenses related to the production of nuclear energy during the 2023 fiscal year.

	CAN$
Capital expenditures
Operating expenses
Total expenditures

44. Which of the following goods and technologies related to the production of nuclear energy were purchased during the 2023 fiscal year?

Select all that apply.

• Nuclear reactors or nuclear island components
• Nuclear fuel handling, processing, and fabrication equipment
• Other
• Specify all other goods or technologies purchased for the production of nuclear energy:
• No purchases

45. Describe any changes or events that may have affected the reported environmental technologies and processes values for this establishment compared to the last reporting period.

e.g., We bought two fuel efficient vehicles in 2022

Drivers and obstacles

46. Which of the following were drivers to the adoption of new or significantly improved clean technologies, systems or equipment for this establishment during the 2023 fiscal year?

Select all that apply.

• Sufficient return on investment - i.e., sufficient business case
• Regulations
• Government incentives
• Carbon pricing
• Voluntary agreement
• Public image
• Corporate policy
• Part of regular capital turnover
• Other
• Specify all other drivers to the adoption of new or significantly improved clean technologies, systems or equipment:
• There were no drivers during the 2023 fiscal year

47. Which of the following were obstacles to the adoption of new or significantly improved clean technologies, systems or equipment for this establishment during the 2023 fiscal year?

Select all that apply.

• Lack of regulations
• Changing regulations
• Insufficient return on investment - i.e., no business case
• Difficulty in obtaining financing - e.g., internal, private or government
• Competing capital investments
• Lack of information or knowledge related to systems or equipment (new or significantly improved)
• Lack of available systems or equipment (new or significantly improved)
• Lack of technical skills required to support this type of investment
• Lack of technical support or services - e.g., from consultants or vendors
• Regulatory or policy barriers
• Organizational structure too inflexible
• Decisions made by parent, affiliate or subsidiary businesses
• Difficulty in integrating new technologies with existing infrastructure, systems, standards and processes
• Other
• Specify all other obstacles to the adoption of new or significantly improved clean technologies, systems or equipment:
• There were no obstacles during the 2023 fiscal year

Environmental management practices

48. Did this establishment use an environmental management system during the 2023 fiscal year?

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

49. Did this establishment develop and/or follow a pollution prevention plan during the 2023 fiscal year?

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

50. Did this establishment use Life Cycle Management, Life Cycle Assessment, Design for Environment (DfE) or Ecodesign principles for decision-making during the 2023 fiscal year?

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

51. Was this establishment certified under the ISO 14000 family of environmental management standards during the 2023 fiscal year?

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

52. Did this establishment participate in any environmental voluntary agreements or voluntary environmental programs during the 2023 fiscal year?

e.g., Environmental Performance Agreements (EPAs), Canadian GHG Reductions Registry, Canadian Industry Program for Energy Conservation (CIPEC), Forestry Stewardship Council (FSC), etc.

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

Specify the programs, accords or agreements:

53. Did this establishment have a 'green' procurement policy or guidelines during the 2023 fiscal year?

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

54. Did this establishment have an environmental supply chain management policy during the 2023 fiscal year?

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

55. Did this establishment implement any new or improved environmental processes and practices in response to an environmental supply chain management policy in place at a supplier or client business during the 2023 fiscal year?

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

56. Did this establishment take advantage of any Canadian federal, provincial/territorial, or local government environmental incentive programs, grants, loans, or tax credits during the 2023 fiscal year?

e.g., ecoENERGY Initiatives, Industrial Research Assistance Program (IRAP), SD Tech Fund, or Accelerated Capital Cost Allowance or Scientific Research and Experimental Development (SR&ED) for energy efficiency and renewable energy sources

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

Specify the incentive programs, grants or loans:

57. Did this establishment perform a greenhouse gas emissions inventory during the 2023 fiscal year?

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

58. Did this establishment participate in any form of carbon-trading, either by purchasing or selling carbon offset credits in the 2023 fiscal year?

• Yes, purchased carbon offset credits only OR purchased more than sold
• Yes, sold carbon offset credits only OR sold more than purchased
• No, did not participate in any of the above
• Don't know

59. Did this establishment participate in any other environmental management practices during the 2023 fiscal year?

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

Specify the other environmental management practices:

Contact person

60. Statistics Canada may need to contact the person who completed this questionnaire for further information.

Is the provided given names and the provided family name the best person to contact?

• Yes
• No

Who is the best person to contact about this questionnaire?

• First name:
• Last name:
• Title:
• Email address:
• Telephone number (including area code):
• Extension number (if applicable):
  The maximum number of characters is 5.
• Fax number (including area code):

Feedback

61. How long did it take to complete this questionnaire?

Include the time spent gathering the necessary information.

• Hours:
• Minutes:

62. Do you have any comments about this questionnaire?

The abstract submission deadline has passed. Thank you to everyone who submitted their work.

Important dates

• Abstract submission opens: July 8, 2024
• Abstract submission closes: August 22, 2024  
• Notification of results: September 9, 2024
• Conference date: November 14, 2024 

All poster presenters must be registered for the conference. They are expected to attend the conference in person and be available at their printed poster during the designated poster viewing sessions.

If you have any questions or experience difficulties submitting the form, please email statcan.hduc-cuds.statcan@statcan.gc.ca.

Introduced in Budget 2018, the Gender Results Framework (GRF) represents the Government of Canada's vision for gender equality, highlighting the key issues that matter most. It is a whole-of government tool designed to:

• Track how Canada is currently performing
• Define what is needed to achieve greater equality
• Determine how progress will be measured going forward

Under this framework, the federal government has identified six key areas where change is required to advance gender equality. Statistics Canada has compiled data on each of the indicators of the GRF as well as additional key indicators related to gender.

Education and skills development

​

Equal opportunities and diversified paths in education and skills development.

More diversified educational paths and career choices

More diversified educational paths and career choices - Indicators

Indicator	Total	Men	Women	Data source	Related data
Proportion of post-secondary qualification holders who are women, by field of study and qualification type, 2021 More information on Proportion of post-secondary qualification holders who are women, by field of study and qualification type	100.0%	47.9%	52.1%	Table 98-10-0416-01	Table 98-10-0309-01 Table 98-10-0430-01
Proportion of post-secondary students who are women, by field of study and credential type, 2021-2022 More information on Proportion of post-secondary students who are women, by field of study and credential type	100.0%	43.1%	56.9%	Table 37-10-0163-02
High school completion rate by gender, 2021 More information on High school completion rate by sex	82.0%	80.4%	83.4%	Table 98-10-0420-01	Table 37-10-0170-01 Table 98-10-0385-01

Reduced gender gaps in reading and numeracy skills among youth, including Indigenous youth

Reduced gender gaps in reading and numeracy skills among youth, including Indigenous youth - Indicators

Indicator	Total	Men	Women	Data source	Related data
High school reading test scores, 2018	520.0	506.0	535.0	Table 37-10-0149-01
High school mathematics test scores, 2018	512.0	514.0	510.0	Table 37-10-0149-01

Equal lifelong learning opportunities and outcomes for adults

Equal lifelong learning opportunities and outcomes for adults - Indicators

Indicator	Total	Men	Women	Data source	Related data
Adults' literacy test scores, 2012	273.5	274.6	272.3	Table 37-10-0047-02
Adults' numeracy test scores, 2012	265.5	272.7	258.2	Table 37-10-0047-02

Find more information on Education and skills development.

Economic participation and prosperity

​

Equal and full participation in the economy.

Increased labour market opportunities for women, especially women in underrepresented groups

Increased labour market opportunities for women, especially women in underrepresented groups - Indicators

Indicator	Total	Men	Women	Data source	Related data
Labour force participation rate, 2023	65.6%	69.7%	61.6%	Table 14-10-0327-02	Table 13-10-0377-01 Table 14-10-0085-01 Table 14-10-0365-01 Table 14-10-0440-01
Employment rate, 2023	62.1%	65.8%	58.4%	Table 14-10-0327-02	Labour market characteristics of persons with and without disabilities, 2023 Table 13-10-0377-01 Table 13-10-0874-01 Table 13-10-0875-01 Table 13-10-0876-01 Table 14-10-0085-01 Table 14-10-0365-01 Table 14-10-0440-01

Reduced gender wage gap

Reduced gender wage gap - Indicators

Indicator	Total	Men	Women	Data source	Related data
Gender gap in median hourly wages, 2023 More information on Gender gap in median hourly wages	0.86	n/a	n/a	Table 14-10-0417-01	Intersectional Gender Wage Gap in Canada, 2007 to 2022
Gender gap in average hourly wages, 2023 More information on Gender gap in average hourly wages	0.87	n/a	n/a	Table 14-10-0417-01	Intersectional Gender Wage Gap in Canada, 2007 to 2022
Gender gap in median annual employment income, 2022 More information on Gender gap in median annual employment income	0.73	n/a	n/a	Table 14-10-0324-01	Table 98-10-0427-01 Table 98-10-0439-01
Gender gap in average annual employment income, 2022 More information on Gender gap in average annual employment income	0.71	n/a	n/a	Table 14-10-0324-01	Labour and economic characteristics of lesbian, gay and bisexual people in Canada Socioeconomic profile of the 2SLGBTQ+ population aged 15 years and older, 2019 to 202 Table 13-10-0874-01 Table 13-10-0875-01 Table 13-10-0876-01 Table 98-10-0427-01 Table 98-10-0439-01

Increased full-time employment of women

Increased full-time employment of women - Indicators

Indicator	Total	Men	Women	Data source	Related data
Proportion of workers in full-time jobs, 2023	82.0%	87.2%	76.2%	Table 14-10-0327-03	Table 13-10-0874-01 Table 13-10-0875-01 Table 13-10-0876-01 Table 14-10-0085-01 Table 14-10-0440-01

Equal sharing of parenting roles and family responsibilities

Equal sharing of parenting roles and family responsibilities - Indicators

Indicator	Total	Men	Women	Data source	Related data
Proportion of time spent on unpaid domestic and care work, 2015	12.5%	10.0%	15.0%	Table 45-10-0014-01
Proportion of annual household income spent on child care, by economic family type, 2022  More information on Proportion of annual household income spent on child care, by economic family type	5.2%	n/a	n/a	Table 11-10-0080-01

Better gender balance across occupations

Better gender balance across occupations - Indicators

Indicator	Total	Men	Women	Data source	Related data
Proportion of occupational group who are women, 2023	100.0%	52.5%	47.5%	Table 14-10-0416-01	Table 14-10-0104-01 Table 98-10-0585-01 Table 98-10-0586-01 Table 98-10-0587-01

Find more information on Economic participation and prosperity.

Leadership and democratic participation

​

Gender equality in leadership roles and at all levels of decision-making.

More women in senior management positions, and more diversity in senior leadership positions

More women in senior management positions, and more diversity in senior leadership positions - Indicators

Indicator	Total	Men	Women	Data source	Related data
Proportion of employees in management positions who are women, by management level, 2023	100.0%	64.7%	35.3%	Table 14-10-0416-01	Table 98-10-0646-01

Increased opportunities for women to start and grow their businesses, and succeed on a global scale

Increased opportunities for women to start and grow their businesses, and succeed on a global scale - Indicators

Indicator	Total	Men	Women	Data source	Related data
Proportion of businesses majority-owned by women, by business size, 2018 More information on Proportion of businesses majority-owned by women, by business size		63.6%	20.7%	Table 33-10-0631-01 Table 33-10-0632-01

More company board seats held by women, and more diversity on company boards

More company board seats held by women, and more diversity on company boards - Indicators

Indicator	Total	Men	Women	Data source	Related data
Proportion of board members who are women, by type of board, 2020 More information on Proportion of board members who are women, by type of board	100.0%	74.6%	25.4%	Table 33-10-0501-01

Greater representation of women and underrepresented groups in elected office and ministerial positions in national and sub-national governments

Greater representation of women and underrepresented groups in elected office and ministerial positions in national and sub-national governments - Indicators

Indicator	Total	Men	Women	Data source	Related data
Proportion of seats held by women in national Parliament, 2023	100.0%	69.4%	30.6%	Table 10-10-0137-01
Proportion of seats held by women in First Nations Band Councils, 2019 More information on Proportion of seats held by women in First Nations Band Councils		48.7%	27.4%	Table 41-10-0048-01
Proportion of ministerial positions held by women in federal government, 2023	100.0%	51.3%	48.7%	Table 10-10-0137-01
Proportion of Chiefs in First Nations communities who are women, 2019 More information on Proportion of Chiefs in First Nations communities who are women		62.5%	18.5%	Table 41-10-0048-01

Increased representation of women and underrepresented groups as administrators of the justice system

Increased representation of women and underrepresented groups as administrators of the justice system - Indicators

Indicator	Total	Men	Women	Data source	Related data
Proportion of federally appointed judges who are women, 2023 More information on Proportion of federally appointed judges who are women	100.0%	53.3%	46.7%	Table 35-10-0198-01
Proportion of law enforcement who are women, by rank, 2022More information on Proportion of law enforcement who are women	100.0%	64.0%	36.0%	Table 35-10-0078-01

Find more information on Leadership and democratic participation.

Gender-based violence and access to justice

​

Eliminating gender-based violence and harassment, and promoting security of the person and access to justice.

Workplaces are harassment-free

Workplaces are harassment-free - Indicators

Indicator	Total	Men	Women	Data source	Related data
Proportion of employees who self-report being harassed in the workplace	39.2%	31.0%	47.2%	Table 14-10-0407-01

Fewer women are victims of intimate partner violence and sexual assault

Fewer women are victims of intimate partner violence and sexual assault - Indicators

Indicator	Total	Men	Women	Data source	Related data
Proportion of women and girls aged 15 years and older subjected to physical, sexual or psychological violence by a current or former partner, 2018 More information on Proportion of women and girls aged 15 years and older subjected to physical, sexual or psychological violence by a current or former partner	n/a	36.1%	44.1%	Table 35-10-0205-01
Proportion of population who self-reported being sexually assaulted, since age 15, 2018	19.4%	8.2%	30.2%	Table 35-10-0166-01

Fewer victims of childhood maltreatment

Fewer victims of childhood maltreatment - Indicators

Indicator	Total	Men	Women	Data source	Related data
Proportion of population who self-reported childhood maltreatment (before age 15), by type of maltreatment, 2018 More information on Proportion of population who self-reported childhood maltreatment (before age 15), by type of maltreatment	27.0%	26.1%	27.9%	Table 35-10-0167-01

Fewer women killed by an intimate partner

Fewer women killed by an intimate partner - Indicators

Indicator	Total	Men	Women	Data source	Related data
Homicide rate, by relationship to the perpetrator, per 100,000 population, 2022 More information on homicide rate, by relationship to the perpetrator, per 100,000 population	1.57	2.25	0.87	Table 35-10-0119-01 Table 35-10-0156-01

Increased police reporting of violent crimes

Increased police reporting of violent crimes - Indicators

Indicator	Total	Men	Women	Data source	Related data
Proportion of self-reported incidents of violent crime reported to police, past 12 months, by type of crime, 2014	28.3%	35.9%	22.7%	Table 35-10-0120-01

Fewer Indigenous women and girls are victims of violence

Fewer Indigenous women and girls are victims of violence - Indicators

Indicator	Total	Men	Women	Data source	Related data
Proportion of Indigenous women and girls subjected to physical, sexual or psychological violence, by Indigenous identity, 2018 More information on Proportion of Indigenous women and girls subjected to physical, sexual or psychological violence, by Indigenous identity	55.0%	54.6%	54.9%	Table 35-10-0168-01

Increased accountability and responsiveness of the Canadian criminal justice system

Increased accountability and responsiveness of the Canadian criminal justice system - Indicators

Indicator	Total	Men	Women	Data source	Related data
Proportion of sexual assaults reported to police that are deemed "unfounded", 2022 More information on proportion of sexual assaults reported to police that are deemed "unfounded"	7.2%			Table 35-10-0177-02

Find more information on Gender-based violence and access to justice.

Poverty reduction, health and well-being

​

Reduced poverty and improved health outcomes.

Fewer vulnerable individuals living in poverty

Fewer vulnerable individuals living in poverty - Indicators

Indicator	Total	Men	Women	Data source	Related data
Prevalence of low income, by economic family type, 2022 More information on Prevalence of low income, by economic family type	9.9%	n/a	n/a	Table 11-10-0136-01	Table 11-10-0090-01 Table 11-10-0093-01 Table 11-10-0135-01

Fewer women and children living in food-insecure households

Fewer women and children living in food-insecure households - Indicators

Indicator	Total	Men	Women	Data source	Related data
Proportion of individuals living in households that are moderately or severely food insecure, by economic family type, Canada, 2022 More information on Proportion of individuals living in households that are moderately or severely food insecure, by economic family type	16.9%			Table 13-10-0834-01	Study: Labour and economic characteristics of lesbian, gay, and bisexual people in Canada Table 13-10-0385-01 Table 13-10-0880-01 Table 13-10-0835-01

Fewer vulnerable individuals lacking stable, safe and permanent housing

Fewer vulnerable individuals lacking stable, safe and permanent housing - Indicators

Indicator	Total	Men	Women	Data source	Related data
Proportion of population in core housing need, by economic family type, 2021	7.7%	7.1%	8.2%	Table 98-10-0328-01	Housing indicators, 2021 Census

Child and spousal support orders are enforced

Child and spousal support orders are enforced - Indicators

Indicator	Total	Men	Women	Data source	Related data
Collection rate, by type of beneficiary, 2021-2022 More information on Collection rate, by type of beneficiary	83.0%	83.0%	87.0%	Table 35-10-0121-01

More years in good health

More years in good health - Indicators

Indicator	Total	Men	Women	Data source	Related data
Leading causes of death, showing age-standardized mortality rate per 100,000 population, 2022 More information on Leading causes of death, showing age-standardized mortality rate per 100,000 population	713.4	857.3	592.7	Table 13-10-0800-02
Health-adjusted life expectancy at birth, 2015 to 2017	69.7 years	68.9 years	70.4 years	Table 13-10-0370-01
Proportion of population that participated regularly in sport, 2016	26.7%	33.9%	19.7%	Table 13-10-0602-01

Improved mental health

Improved mental health - Indicators

Indicator	Total	Men	Women	Data source	Related data
Proportion of adults who have high psychological well-being, 2019-2020 More information on Proportion of adults who have high psychological well-being	66.0%	69.4%	62.8%	Table 13-10-0805-02	Table 13-10-0096-03 Table 13-10-0874-01 Table 13-10-0875-01 Table 13-10-0876-01 Table 13-10-0880-01

Improved access to contraception for young people and reduced adolescent birth rate

Improved access to contraception for young people and reduced adolescent birth rate - Indicators

Indicator	Total	Men	Women	Data source	Related data
Proportion of population aged 15 to 49 that did not use contraception among sexually active population not trying to conceive, 2015-2016	24.6%	24.9%	24.4%	Table 13-10-0382-01
Adolescent birth rate (aged 15-19) per 1,000 women in that age group, 2022	n/a	n/a	4.4	Table 13-10-0418-02

Find more information on Poverty reduction, health and well-being.

Other Statistics Canada gender indicators

​

Other Statistics Canada gender indicators

Earnings, wages and non-wage benefits

Earnings, wages and non-wage benefits - Indicators

Indicator	Total	Men	Women	Data source	Related data
Average hourly wage rate, employed population 15 and over, 2022	$31.96	$34.21	$29.65	Table 14-10-0417-01

Unpaid work

Unpaid work - Indicators

Indicator	Total	Men	Women	Data source	Related data
Daily average time spent in hours on unpaid domestic and care work, 2015	3.0 hours	2.4 hours	3.6 hours	Table 45-10-0014-02

Hours of work and work arrangements

Hours of work and work arrangements - Indicators

Indicator	Total	Men	Women	Data source	Related data
Number of employed (× 1,000) working part-time, population aged 15 and over, 2022	3,578.1	1,275.5	2,302.6	Table 14-10-0029-01
Number of employed (× 1,000) population in temporary jobs, aged 15 and over, 2022	2,029.5	922.9	1,106.7	Table 14-10-0072-01

Employment and unemployment

Employment and unemployment - Indicators

Indicator	Total	Men	Women	Data source	Related data
Proportion of workers in part-time jobs, 2022	18.2%	12.4%	24.6%	Table 14-10-0327-03
Number of employed (× 1,000) population in management positions, aged 15 and over, 2022	1,855.2	1,198.8	656.3	Table 14-10-0416-01

Courts

Courts - Indicators

Indicator	Total	Men	Women	Data source	Related data
Canadian legislators by selected demographic characteristics and sex, 2016	100.0%	65.2%	34.9%	Table 37-10-0207-01
Canadian judges by selected demographic characteristics and sex, 2016	100.0%	63.4%	36.6%	Table 37-10-0208-01
Collection rate, by age of payor, 2021-2022 More information on Collection rate, by age of payor	83.0%	83.0%	87.0%	Table 35-10-0122-01
Collection rate, by province and territory, 2021-2022 More information on Collection rate, by province and territory	83.0%	83.0%	87.0%	Table 35-10-0123-01

Crimes and offences

Crimes and offences - Indicators

Indicator	Total	Men	Women	Data source	Related data
Number of homicide victims, 2022	874.0	661.0	203.0	Table 35-10-0156-01
Number of homicide victims, by Indigenous identity, 2022	225.0	169.0	53.0	Table 35-10-0156-01

More information on select indicators

More information on Proportion of post-secondary qualification holders who are women, by field of study and qualification type

Major field of study (based on the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2021) - Field of study refers to the discipline or area of learning or training associated with a particular course or program of study.

This 'Major field of study' variable refers to the predominant discipline or area of learning or training of a person's highest completed postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree, classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2021.

This variable can be used either independently or in conjunction with the 'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' variable. When the latter is used with 'Major field of study,' it should be noted that different fields of study will be more common for different types of postsecondary qualifications. At the detailed program level, some programs are only offered at certain levels of education.

There was an explicit instruction in the questionnaire which instructed respondents to be as specific as possible in indicating a subfield or subcategory of specialization within a broad discipline or area of training.

This variable is reported for persons aged 15 years and over in private households. Postsecondary qualification holders refers to those whose highest level of educational attainment is an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma (including certificates from "centres de formation professionnelle" found in Quebec); college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma; or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

More information on Proportion of annual household income spent on child care, by economic family type

This figure represents the average proportion of after-tax family income spent on child care (excluding zeros) for economic families where the youngest child is aged 12 years or less.

More information on Proportion of post-secondary students who are women, by field of study and credential type

The provided data refers to enrolments rather than students.

More information on High school completion rate by gender

This includes all persons with a high school diploma or equivalency certificate, regardless of whether they also completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

More information on Gender gap in average hourly wages

The gender wage ratio is presented here. It can be interpreted as the proportion of a dollar that women earn for every dollar earned by men. Alternatively, the gender wage ratio can be subtracted from one and then multiplied by 100, such that it represents the gender gap, that is, how much less women earn than men in percentage terms.

More information on Gender gap in median hourly wages

The gender wage ratio is presented here. It can be interpreted as the proportion of a dollar that women earn for every dollar earned by men. Alternatively, the gender wage ratio can be subtracted from one and then multiplied by 100, such that it represents the gender gap, that is, how much less women earn than men in percentage terms.

More information on Gender gap in average annual employment income

Average gender pay ratio in annual wages, salaries and commissions is shown here. The gender pay ratio is presented here. It can be interpreted as the proportion of a dollar that women earn for every dollar earned by men. Alternatively, the gender pay ratio can be subtracted from one and then multiplied by 100, such that it represents the gender gap, that is, how much less women earn than men in percentage terms.

More information on Gender gap in median annual employment income

Median gender pay ratio in annual wages, salaries and commissions is shown here. The gender pay ratio is presented here. It can be interpreted as the proportion of a dollar that women earn for every dollar earned by men. Alternatively, the gender pay ratio can be subtracted from one and then multiplied by 100, such that it represents the gender gap, that is, how much less women earn than men in percentage terms.

More information on Proportion of businesses majority-owned by women, by business size

The proportion of businesses equally-owned by men and women is 15.7%.

More information on Proportion of board members who are women, by type of board

Proportion of boards of directors and in officer positions.

More information on Proportion of seats held by women in First Nations Band Councils

Portrait on December 31, 2019. Proportion of records where sex is unreported is 23.9%.

More information on Proportion of Chiefs in First Nations communities who are women

Portrait on December 31, 2019. Proportion of records where sex is unreported is 19%.

More information on Proportion of federally appointed judges who are women

Includes supernumeraries.

More information on Proportion of women and girls aged 15 years and older subjected to physical, sexual or psychological violence by a current or former partner

Intimate partner violence since age 15, among ever-partnered, is shown here.

The proportion of men and boys subjected to physical, sexual or psychological violence by a current or former partner is also shown here.

More information on proportion of population who self-reported childhood maltreatment (before age 15), by type of maltreatment

All types of maltreatment are shown here.

More information on homicide rate, by relationship to the perpetrator, per 100,000 population

Solved homicide rate for all types of accused-victim relationships is shown here.

More information on proportion of Indigenous women and girls subjected to physical, sexual or psychological violence, by Indigenous identity

Proportion of persons with an Indigenous identity who self-reported one or both physical or sexual violence is shown here.

The proportion of Indigenous men and boys subjected to physical or sexual violence is also shown here.

More information on proportion of sexual assaults reported to police that are deemed "unfounded"

Sexual assault, level 1 is shown here.

More information on Prevalence of low income, by economic family type

Low income measure after tax is shown here.

More information on Proportion of individuals living in households that are moderately or severely food insecure, by economic family type

Proportion of households that are moderately or severely food insecure is provided as a metric for the proportion of individuals living in households that are moderately or severely food insecure. Estimates for Canada do not include the territories.

More information on Collection rate, by type of beneficiary

The Canada total includes only the jurisdictions that report data to the Survey of Maintenance Enforcement Programs (SMEP). Newfoundland and Labrador, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Saskatchewan, Alberta, Yukon and the Northwest Territories have reported data since 2017/2018. Sex represents the sex of payor.

More information on Leading causes of death, showing age-standardized mortality rate per 100,000 population

Age-standardized mortality rate for all causes of death combined is shown here.

More information on Proportion of adults who have high psychological well-being

Perceived mental health (very good or excellent) is provided as a metric for high psychological well-being. The statistics presented here are for persons aged 12 and over.

More information on Collection rate, by age of payor

The Canada total includes only the jurisdictions that report data to the Survey of Maintenance Enforcement Programs (SMEP). Newfoundland and Labrador, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Saskatchewan, Alberta, Yukon and the Northwest Territories have reported data since 2017/2018. Sex represents the sex of payor.

More information on Collection rate, by province and territory

The Canada total includes only the jurisdictions that report data to the Survey of Maintenance Enforcement Programs (SMEP). Newfoundland and Labrador, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Saskatchewan, Alberta, Yukon and the Northwest Territories have reported data since 2017/2018. Sex represents the sex of payor.