Date: September 2021

Program manager:

• Director, Centre for Social Data Integration and Development
• Director General, Social Data Insights, Integration and Innovation

Reference to Personal Information Bank (PIB)

Personal information collected through the Pilot Study on Everyday Well-being using the Experience Sampling Method is described in Statistics Canada's "Special Surveys" Personal Information Bank. The Personal Information Bank refers to information collected through Statistics Canada's ad hoc surveys, which do not form part of the regular survey taking activity of the Agency. They cover a variety of socio-economic topics including health, housing, labour market, education and literacy, as well as demographic data.

The "Special Surveys" Personal Information Bank (Bank number: StatCan PPU 026) is published on the Statistics Canada website under the latest Information about Programs and Information Holdings chapter.

Description of statistical activity

In partnership with Canadian Heritage and the Canada Council for the Arts, Statistics Canada^{Footnote 1} is conducting, under the authority of the Statistics Act , a voluntary pilot study on well-being using a short-term longitudinal collection method entitled "Experience Sampling Method" (ESM). ESM is a data collection technique where respondents are prompted to respond to a questionnaire multiple times throughout the day, and typically for multiple days. This allows for the collection of in-the-moment data on the activities of participants. It is used to measure what people do, feel and think during their daily lives. The use of the ESM for the Pilot Study on Everyday Well-being will allow respondents to provide their subjective assessment of their own well-being in real-time rather than retrospectively, and will facilitate the measurement of the effect on well-being of participation in various activities, particularly culture activities, which is the main focus of this pilot.

While ESM was developed in the 1990s, and was included in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's (OECD) 2013 Guidelines for Measuring Subjective Well-Being as a gold standard for measuring affective components of personal well-being, costs and logistical challenges have prevented its widespread use. To address this impediment, Statistics Canada has developed a mobile application (called Vitali-T-Stat) that will prompt respondents and direct them to Statistics Canada's secure collection infrastructure and the Pilot Study on Everyday Well-being questionnaire. The mobile application will not be collecting any personal information itself. It will only provide respondents with information on the study and will allow them to customize the prompting settings, such as the number of daily-prompts they wish to receive and the time of day when these prompts are sent. They can also choose to opt-out of the study at any time. The risks associated with the mobile application have been assessed in a specific Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA).

This pilot study is comprised of two phases. The first phase is a test of the questionnaire and application with 100 employees of Statistics Canada, Canadian Heritage and the Canada Council for the Arts. Employees will voluntarily provide their e-mail accounts associated with their personal devices and will then receive an official invitation from Statistics Canada to test the questionnaire and application for seven days. At the end they will be asked to answer a short set of feedback questions. Answers to these feedback questions will inform final improvements to the questionnaire and application before the second phase.

The second phase is a pilot collection, where voluntary participation will be sought in three ways. First, Statistics Canada will send an invitation letter, including a secure access code (see Appendix A) to respondents from a probabilistic sample. This letter will contain instructions for downloading the application and will include a brochure about the study and the mobile application (see Appendix B). Second, a two-pronged crowdsourcing campaign will start two weeks after the probabilistic sample receives their invitations. Electronic outreach materials and messages prepared by Statistics Canada will be forwarded by Canadian Heritage and the Canada Council for the Arts via e-mail to a range of organizations from the culture sector; these will include a common code indicating the invitation was sent from the culture sector (see Appendix C). The general public will also be invited to participate via a Statistics Canada outreach and social media campaign, without any codes. Respondents will be informed that entering a code is optional and that it will serve to assess response rates for the different types of invitations. The code will not identify specific individuals, only the collection group. This will allow Statistics Canada to better understand which invitation method to participate in this type of survey is more efficient.

If they choose to participate in the survey, respondents will be instructed to download the app from Google Play or the Apple Store, select "Start" then read the Terms and Conditions of the survey. If they accept the Terms and Conditions, participants will be directed to the survey questionnaire housed on Statistics Canada's secure anonymous collection portal. Respondents will be informed that they can stop participating in the survey or remove the app from their mobile devices at any time, and they will be provided with instructions on how to do so. This information will be included in the invitation letter and accompanying brochure and will be available on Statistics Canada's website.

Once they have left the application and entered Statistics Canada's secure anonymous collection portal, respondents will be asked to complete a short one-time preliminary questionnaire that will collect demographic information that will help Statistics Canada assess what factors could impact well-being. These questions are mostly drawn from standard questions used regularly by Statistics Canada. Some were developed specifically for this survey but were tested by Statistics Canada to ensure that they comply with the high standards of the Agency in regards to clarity, necessity and proportionality.

The one-time preliminary questionnaire includes:

1. A set of questions that will help ensure survey results are representative of the general population and its sub-groups, as well as allow the linking of survey results to tax information in order to get a fuller picture of what could affect participants' well-being. Linking to a respondent's tax information will be done only with their consent.
   • First and last name
   • Date of birth
   • Number of household members
   • Number of household members 15 years and older
   • Postal code
   • Sex at birth and gender
2. The following questions that will help further understand whether certain demographics could affect participants' well-being. ·
   • Self-reported Indigenous identity, visible minority, and disability status
   • Language(s) most spoken at home
3. In light of the continued disruption to Canadians' lives due to the COVID-19 pandemic the following questions will also be asked in order to assess any of its overall impacts on well-being and more accurately contextualize and understand daily responses. This will also serve to create a baseline for comparison with any possible future uses of the app post-pandemic.
   • Impact of COVID-19 on usual daily routine (on a scale ranging from no impact at all to major impact)
   • Impact of COVID-19 on mental health (on a scale ranging from no impact at all to major impact)
   • Impact of COVID-19 on ability to meet financial obligations or essential needs (on a scale ranging from no impact at all to major impact)

Respondents will then receive random notifications between two and five times per day according to their settings preference, during a 30-day period, inviting them to respond to a short questionnaire comprised of 8 questions (respondents can also choose not to receive notifications and can respond at times of their choosing):

• Five questions asking how happy, relaxed, focused, in control of emotions, and anxious they feel at the moment (on a scale ranging from 0 to 10). The questions invite respondents to think about what they were doing just before opening the Vitali-T-Stat app.
• One question about where they are, chosen from a pre-determined drop-down menu of generic location options such as at home, at work, outdoors.
• One question about what they are doing, chosen from a pre-determined drop-down menu of generic activity options such as paid work activities, chores, watching television.
• One question about who they are with, chosen from a pre-determined drop-down menu of generic relationship options such as on my own, with spouse, pet, children.

Throughout the data collection period, respondents will be able to view a personal dashboard in the mobile app displaying regularly updated graphs of their own cumulative responses to the survey. In addition to improving response rates, the practice of providing respondents with dashboards of their responses in the context of other surveys has shown to be generally appreciated. The graphs only include cumulative averages of the individual's responses to the five questions on how they were feeling, and on their feelings related to what they were doing, where they were and who they were with. They do not contain any individual responses to the survey, or any responses from other individuals. The dashboard graphs are generated on Statistics Canada servers each time a respondent submits answers to the eight short questions. Then an image of the graph is securely transmitted to the app on that respondent's mobile device (see Appendix D) where it can be viewed. The graphs remain stored on Statistics Canada secure servers.

The dashboard graphs are not accessible on screen readers. A note is included in the dashboard description that advises respondents who use these technologies to contact Statistics Canada in order to set up a unique secure Electronic File Transfer (EFT) account for them to receive their dashboard. These respondents will receive an email from Statistics Canada providing them with an account name and a one-time password that they must change at first log on. Once these credentials are established with the respondent, their survey responses as presented in the dashboard can be securely exchanged between Statistics Canada and the respondent.

Reason for supplement

While Statistics Canada's Generic Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA) addresses most of the privacy and security risks related to statistical activities conducted by Statistics Canada, this supplement describes additional measures (see Mitigation factors) being implemented to manage respondent burden associated with the use of the Experience Sampling Method (ESM) by way of the mobile application, and to limit intrusiveness. It also demonstrates the necessity and proportionality related to the collection of this personal information. As is the case with all PIAs, Statistics Canada's privacy framework ensures that elements of privacy protection and privacy controls are documented and applied.

Necessity and Proportionality

The collection and use of personal information for the Experience Sampling Method (ESM) and the Pilot Study on Everyday Well-being can be justified against Statistics Canada's Necessity and Proportionality Framework:

1. Necessity:

The Pilot Study on Everyday Well-Being seeks to fill a gap in quality national and regional estimates of subjective well-being in-the-moment, and complements existing data holdings on subjective well-being. Data on how individuals feel while partaking in particular activities offers the possibility to assess potential impacts of various activities on individuals' well-being, and in the context of this pilot, particularly on the impacts of participating in culture programs. The results can inform governments' decisions regarding publicly-funded cultural and other programs that contribute to Canadians' well-being.

TThis pilot will also assess the viability of using a mobile application as an alternative to diary-based collection. Diary-based collection consists in asking respondents to record detailed information about their everyday lives in a log, diary or journal regarding the activity or experience being studied, for example on their use of time or household spending. When carried out using telephone or web-based collection modes, it creates significant burden for respondents, which can be alleviated through the use of a mobile application that redirects them to Statistics Canada's secure anonymous collection portal.

2. Effectiveness:

The Pilot Study on Everyday Well-being allows for the collection of in-the-moment affect data. This eliminates the need for respondents to remember and report on activities after they have occurred, and the risk of respondents not remembering correctly, thus improving data quality. While data collection occurs over a 30-day period, the short questionnaire length and repeated content will result in a lower cognitive load and burden.

3. Proportionality:

The probabilistic sample to which an invitation letter will be sent is comprised of 50,000 households, representative of existing households in Canada. This sample size was determined based on various demonstrated methodological considerations such as the absence of follow-up for non-respondents, and the coverage limitations of the mobile app, given that not every household has a mobile device that will function with the mobile application. Most importantly, this sample size is necessary to ensure a sufficient number of respondents will provide responses regarding participation in culture activities, which is a key focus of this pilot. The survey design eliminates the need to send follow-up verifications to ensure the correct respondent is participating. In addition, the survey design ensures households easily understand which member is being asked to participate. This approach reduces the number and type of questions that need to be asked, while still enabling Statistics Canada to carry out proper methodological validation and analysis of the pilot results.

Proportionality has also been considered based on data sensitivity and ethics:

• Sensitivity: While the data do reflect the self-assessed emotional state of individuals at given points in time, it is no more sensitive than other subjective well-being data collected by Statistics Canada, and adheres to appropriate guidelines established by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) on measuring subjective well-being. Sensitivity of the data is further mitigated using generic response categories for the location, activity and respondent's companions which prevents the inclusion of identifying information in survey responses.
• Ethics: This approach reduces response burden compared to retrospective data collection or diary-based collection. The data collection approach is modelled on international studies using the Experience Sampling Method with an app. The collection design provides maximum information and control to the respondent prior to, during, and following their participation in the study. This includes no non-response follow-up, the ability for the respondent to alter or disable numerous parameters, and providing the respondent with their data. Specifically, for the random notifications, the default has been set to the minimum required (two per day) to ensure the methodological integrity of the study, but the respondent is able to fully customize the parameters – including increasing the number of notifications per day, setting the times in a day when they want to receive notifications or disabling the notifications altogether. Additionally, the respondent can remove the app from their device and cease participation in the study at any time. Taken together, these measures ensure the transparency of the data collection process and puts informed control in the hands of respondents.

4. Alternatives:

Collecting in-the-moment data is a data collection methodology that has been in existence for some time but has limitations if done without the use of a mobile application. Alternative ways of contacting respondents and collecting in-the-moment data include either sending them randomly pre-established schedules and asking them to log into Statistics Canada's secure collection infrastructure to complete the survey at those specific times, or calling them at random times to collect the data by phone. These alternatives are inconvenient and more intrusive. Another alternative is to use a diary-based collection method where respondents are asked to think back and report on how they were feeling at certain times throughout the day, in combination with what they were doing, where they were and who they were with at that time. This methodology is burdensome as respondents need to carry the diary with them, and it introduces the risk of them not accurately recalling where they were and how they felt. The information regarding where respondents are could also be collected through sensors on participants' phones such as location, but this is deemed to be disproportionately intrusive. The method being used in this pilot aims to give respondents full control over their participation, to minimize burden, and obtain the most accurate sense of their well-being.

Mitigation factors

While privacy risks are deemed manageable with existing Statistics Canada safeguards associated with its secure collection environment and mobile application, the following additional mitigation measures were implemented to manage respondent burden associated with the use of the Experience Sampling Method (ESM) by way of the mobile application, and to limit intrusiveness:

• No non-response follow-up with additional letters or telephone calls.
• Using Statistics Canada's secure anonymous collection portal to directly collect responses. No survey responses are being stored on respondents' mobile devices.
• Not using data from sensors on mobile devices such as GPS.
• Using drop-down menus with generic response categories to eliminate the possibility of respondents including personally-identifying or sensitive data.
• The ability for the respondent to configure their notification settings at any time to limit when they are eligible to receive notifications.
• The ability for respondents to opt out of the survey at any time.
• The ability for respondents to uninstall the app from their mobile device at any time.
• The cessation of notifications after four days of inactivity, even if notification settings are not modified.
• Respondents' dashboard graphs are only produced and stored on Statistics Canada's secure servers, and securely transmitted to the app on the individual respondent's mobile device where it can be viewed. They only include the respondent's own personal cumulative responses to the survey.
• The requirement of password protection on the mobile application to prevent unauthorized access and viewing of respondent's dashboard graphs.

The questions pertaining to the impact of COVID-19 on mental health and on the ability to meet financial obligations or essential needs could be considered sensitive and could lead some respondents to experience various levels of distress. The overall risk of harm to the survey respondents has been deemed manageable with existing Statistics Canada safeguards as well as with the following measures:

• The questions are formulated for response on a scale range.
• An FAQ has been developed to respond to this concern, informing respondents where they can turn to for help if they feel distress.

Conclusion

This assessment concludes that, with the existing Statistics Canada safeguards and additional mitigation factors listed above, any remaining risks are such that Statistics Canada is prepared to accept and manage the risk.

Formal approval

This Supplementary Privacy Impact Assessment has been reviewed and recommended for approval by Statistics Canada's Chief Privacy Officer, Director General for Modern Statistical Methods and Data Science, and Assistant Chief Statistician for Social, Health and Labour Statistics.

The Chief Statistician of Canada has the authority for section 10 of the Privacy Act for Statistics Canada, and is responsible for the Agency's operations, including the program area mentioned in this Supplementary Privacy Impact Assessment.

This Privacy Impact Assessment has been approved by the Chief Statistician of Canada.

Appendix A – Invitation Letter

This is provided as an example; the version sent to respondents might be slightly different.

Dear household member:

Your household has been selected to participate in the Pilot Study on Everyday Well-being, an innovative pilot study that uses Statistics Canada's Vitali-T-Stat app to ask questions about your emotions throughout the day.

Your participation is important

This pilot study asks Canadians in-the-moment questions about their activities and feelings. Our goal is to gain a better understanding of the factors that influence well-being, particularly arts and culture activities, which are the main focus of this pilot. This initiative is in collaboration with Canada Council for the Arts and Canadian Heritage. The data will provide insight on the connections between activities and well-being, and could be used to develop programs that enhance people's lives.

Although voluntary, your participation is appreciated and will help ensure we gather accurate information about the well-being of Canadians.

Who from your household should complete this study?

• If you are the only person in your household who is 15 years of age or older, you have been selected to participate in the study.
• If your household has two members 15 years of age or older, the older member has been selected.
• If your household has three or more members 15 years of age or older, list those members in order of oldest to youngest. The second person on the list has been selected.
  • 1.
  • 2.
  • 3.

Download the app to get started!

• Visit the Google Play or App store, search for Vitali-T-Stat by Statistics Canada and download the app onto your mobile device (Android or Apple).
• Open the app – read the Getting Started instructions, accept the Terms and Conditions, create a password and customize your notifications.
• Click START and answer the first questionnaire. You will be asked if you received an invitation from Statistics Canada. Click YES and enter the code provided in this invitation letter (found in the box at the top right) then continue participating.

After you set up the app, for the next 30 days you'll receive two notifications daily to answer a few questions about what you are doing and how you are feeling in that moment. If you like, you can increase the notifications up to five per day.

Your information is confidential

This survey is conducted under the authority of the Statistics Act, which ensures that the information you provide will be kept confidential, and used only for statistical and research purposes.

For general enquiries and technical assistance

Visit Pilot Study on Everyday Well-Being, or contact us Monday to Friday (except holidays), from 8:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. (Eastern Time):

• 1-877-949-9492 (TTY: 1-800-363-7629*)
• infostats@canada.ca

*If you use an operator-assisted relay service, you can call us during regular business hours. You do not need to authorize the operator to contact us.

Thank you,

Appendix B – Brochure

This is provided as an example; the version sent to respondents may be slightly different.

Appendix C – Targeted Crowdsourcing Invitation

This is provided as an example; the version sent to respondents may be slightly different.

SUBJECT/OBJET: Invitation to participate in Statistic Canada's app-based project: Pilot Study on Everyday Well-being / (Le français suit.)

Dear xxx:

Your household is being invited to participate in the Pilot Study on Everyday Well-being,an innovative pilot study that uses Statistics Canada's Vitali-T-Statapp to ask questions about your emotions throughout the day.

Your participation is important

This pilot study asks Canadians in-the-moment questions about their activities and feelings. Our goal is to gain a better understanding of the factors that influence well-being, particularly arts and culture activities, which are the main focus of this pilot. This initiative is in collaboration with Canada Council for the Arts and Canadian Heritage. The data will provide insight on the connections between activities and well-being, and could be used to develop programs that enhance people's lives.

Although voluntary, your participation is appreciated and will help ensure we gather accurate information about the well-being of Canadians.

Who from your household should complete this study?

• If you are the only person in your household who is 15 years of age or older, you have been selected to participate in the study.
• If your household has two members 15 years of age or older, the older member has been selected.
• If your household has three or more members 15 years of age or older, list those members in order of oldest to youngest. The second person on the list has been selected.
  • 1.
  • 2.
  • 3.

Download the app to get started!

• Visit the Google Play or App store, search for Vitali-T-Stat by Statistics Canada and download the app onto your mobile device (Android or Apple).
• Open the app – read the Getting Started instructions, accept the Terms and Conditions, create a password and customize your notifications.
• Click START and answer the first questionnaire. You will be asked if you received an invitation from Statistics Canada. Click YES and enter the code provided in this invitation letter (found in the box at the top right) then continue participating.

After you set up the app, for the next 30 days you'll receive two notifications daily to answer a few questions about what you are doing and how you are feeling in that moment. If you like, you can increase the notifications up to five per day.

Your information is confidential

This survey is conducted under the authority of the Statistics Act, which ensures that the information you provide will be kept confidential, and used only for statistical and research purposes.

For general enquiries and technical assistance

Visit Pilot Study on Everyday Well-Being, or contact us Monday to Friday (except holidays), from 8:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. (Eastern Time):

• 1-877-949-9492 (TTY: 1-800-363-7629*)
• infostats@canada.ca

*If you use an operator-assisted relay service, you can call us during regular business hours. You do not need to authorize the operator to contact us.
Thank you,

Signature

Appendix D – Screenshots of respondent dashboard

The Canadian Vital Statistics Death (CVSD) database is the authoritative source for cause of death data in Canada. Statistics Canada collaborates with partners at the federal, provincial and territorial levels to provide Canadians with timely data insights on deaths and mortality in Canada. To respond to emergent data needs in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, Statistics Canada has begun providing new, provisional estimates on excess deaths and mortality.

To learn more about our data sources, methods and other important information, please explore the answers to some frequently asked questions below.

Data Sources

1.1 How are vital statistics collected?

Canada's national vital statistics system is a complex and decentralized system, based on collaboration between provincial/territorial vital statistics registrars and Statistics Canada.

The Vital Statistics Registry in each province and territory registers all deaths occurring in their province and transmits the information to Statistics Canada. The form for the registration of a death consists of personal information, supplied to the funeral director by an informant (next of kin), and the medical certificate of cause of death, completed by the medical practitioner last in attendance, or by a coroner/ medical examiner.

Provincial and territorial vital statistics agencies share the information they collected through their death registration processes with Statistics Canada, where it is compiled in the Canadian Vital Statistics Deaths (CVSD) database.

The Canadian Vital Statistics system operates under an agreement between the Government of Canada and governments of the provinces and territories. The Vital Statistics Council for Canada is an advisory committee composed of representatives from the provincial and territorial vital statistics offices and Statistics Canada, that oversees the policy and operational matters associated with the collection of vital statistics information.

More information on the data sources for the Canadian Vital Statistics – Death Database is available on the Statistics Canada website.

1.2 What does it mean that the Canadian Vital Statistics Deaths (CVSD) data are "provisional"?

Statistics Canada's ability to provide timely information depends on receiving information from the provinces and territories.

The Provincial or Territorial Vital Statistics office submits data to Statistics Canada in 2 steps: the fact of death and the images of the death certificate, which are used to code the causes of death. Typically, the death event (fact of death) will be registered in the system first. For several jurisdictions, this death information is typically sent within 30 days of the death event, while for others it is sent 30 to 60 days, or more, following the death event. There may be a further delay in Statistics Canada's receipt of cause of death information – particularly with unnatural deaths that warrant medical investigation or autopsy.

Provisional death counts and causes of death do not include all deaths occurring in the reference period due to reporting delays. Provisional death estimates are adjusted to account for the incomplete nature of the counts, where possible. These adjustments add to the counts to incorporate deaths not yet reported to Statistics Canada, based on past and current provincial and territorial reporting patterns. The provisional estimates are revised in future releases as more information is reported.

More information on the data sources and methodology for the Canadian Vital Statistics – Death Database is available on the Statistics Canada website.

1.3 What information is contained within the provisional Canadian Vital Statistics Deaths (CVSD) database released each month?

The provisional deaths database contains the following information for each death occurring in Canada:

• Age, sex, marital status, place of residence and birthplace of the deceased
• Date of death
• Underlying cause of death classified to the "World Health Organization International Statistical Classification of Disease and Related Health Problems" (ICD)
• Province or territory of occurrence of death
• Province or territory of residence of the deceased.

There are two interactive tools and four data tables that present the most recently-release provisional data from the Canadian Vital Statistics – Death Database.

2. Timelines

2.1 When are the provisional Canadian Vital Statistics Deaths data released?

In order to better understand the impacts of the pandemic on Canadian families and communities, Statistics Canada has adopted, and continues to adopt, new ways to meet the need for more timely information. As a result, the provisional Canadian Vital Statistics Deaths database is released on a monthly basis for reporting provinces and territories.

Please consult Statistics Canada's The Daily release schedule for scheduled dates of release.

2.2 Why are estimates missing for certain weeks?

The quality of the weekly adjusted counts is largely contingent on the level of completeness of the data, that is, the extent to which all deaths have been reported to Statistics Canada. Missing estimates are more likely for the weeks most recent to the release date, as there is sometimes a lag in reporting. As the information is submitted to Statistics Canada, the data become more complete for subsequent releases.

Only estimates for weeks where the level of completeness reaches 75% or more are shown. This threshold offers a compromise between the robustness and the timeliness of estimates. The level of completeness reaches 90% or more for almost all weeks, with a few exceptions. Although useful to signal potential new recent trends in regard to excess mortality, estimates based on weekly data with a lower level of completeness should be used with caution as they carry more uncertainty and are more sensitive to model assumptions (such as the choice of the reference period). Consequently, these estimates are subject to change noticeably in subsequent releases as the number of reported deaths increase for these weeks.

2.3 Why do the numbers in the most recent release not match the numbers from previous releases?

Statistics Canada receives information from the provinces and territories on a continuous basis. The provisional data and estimates are updated on a monthly basis with the addition of new weeks of data and revisions to those weeks for which data have previously been released.

3. Methodology

3.1 Why are death counts adjusted?

In order to provide more up-to-date information on deaths during the pandemic, recent improvements in methodology and timeliness have been made to our data collection process. As a result, the provisional death counts for the 2020 and 2021 reference years have been adjusted to account for reporting delays, where possible, that would otherwise result in under-coverage within the data. These adjustments add to the counts to incorporate deaths not yet reported to Statistics Canada, based on past provincial and territorial reporting patterns.

During the production of each month's death statistics, data from previous months/years may be revised to reflect any updates or changes that have been received from the provincial and territorial vital statistics offices.

Data from the 2017, 2018, and 2019 reference years are also preliminary, as updates from the vital statistics offices are also recorded.

More information on the data sources and methodology for the Canadian Vital Statistics – Death Database is available on the Statistics Canada website.

3.2 Why are data missing for certain jurisdictions?

Statistics Canada's capacity to provide useful and timely information is dependent on its ability to receive the information from the provinces and territories. For several jurisdictions this information is typically sent within 30 days of the death event, while for others it is sent 30 to 60 or more days following the death event. For this reason, data for certain provinces and territories for certain weeks are suppressed.

3.3 Why do the provisional death counts and estimates that are released by Statistics Canada not match figures from other sources?

The data that are released each month by Statistics Canada are based on the data that are reported by the provincial and territorial vital statistics registries, which are the official source for death statistics in Canada. Statistics Canada adjusts the counts to account for reporting delays. Cause of death information within the Canadian Vital Statistics Deaths (CVSD) database is obtained from the medical certificate of cause of death, which is completed by medical professionals, coroners, or medical examiners.

Data produced by other sources may be collected for surveillance purposes from other organizations, such as the provincial and territorial health authorities or media outlets. These data may be based on confirmed cases of the virus causing COVID-19 only, which means that the data may not always include cases where someone died of COVID-19 before getting tested. In addition, surveillance figures may be based on the date that the death was reported, rather than the date that the death occurred. Lastly, these figures may use cause of death definitions that differ from those applied by the Vital Statistics agencies and registrars using guidelines from the International Classification of Diseases.

From January to August 2020, the official death counts from COVID-19 across Canada were about 5% higher than the surveillance figures for the same period.

3.4 Why are some provisional causes of death listed as unknown?

The more recent reference periods contain a higher number of provisional causes of death that are unknown or pending investigation. Some deaths, such as possible suicides, or accidental deaths require lengthy investigations. What this means is that Statistics Canada has yet to receive definitive cause of death information from the provincial and territorial vital statistics agencies, due to outstanding medical investigations into the decedents' cause of death.

When the number of unknowns is high in these data, the provisional cause of death data should not be used to report on the leading causes of death until the data become more complete.

3.5 Why are some numbers in the provisional data rounded and others are not?

Depending upon the analyses conducted, the cause of death information may contain small counts, which makes it necessary to protect confidentiality through a standard rounding process for the cause of death variable. Only the cause of death information is rounded; rounding is conducted to the base 5. This means that all cause of death information is presented in units of 5 or 10 (e.g., 0, 5, 10, 15, etc.).

Due to the provisional nature of the data, the frequency of provincial and territorial updates of the data, as well as the cause of death rounding practice, more variability may be observed among the cause of death variable – compared to the rest of variables in the database – between monthly releases.

4. Analysis

4.1 What is excess mortality and why are we measuring it?

COVID-19 continues to affect communities and families in Canada and across the world. Beyond deaths attributed to the disease itself, the pandemic could also have indirect consequences that increase or decrease the number of deaths as a result of various factors, including delayed medical procedures or increased substance use.

To understand both the direct and indirect consequences of the pandemic, it is important to measure excess mortality.

Excess mortality occurs when there are more deaths during a period of time than what would be expected for that period. It should be noted that, even without a pandemic, there is always some year-to-year variation in the number of people who die in a given week. This means that the number of expected deaths should fall within a certain range of values. There is evidence of excess mortality when weekly deaths are consistently higher than the number expected, but especially when they exceed the range of what would be expected over consecutive weeks.

Measuring excess mortality requires some way to determine the number of deaths that would be expected if there wasn't a pandemic. There are a number of ways to estimate expected deaths, including comparisons with previous yearly counts or using historical averages—for example, over the previous four years. In the Canadian context, with an aging and growing population, the number of deaths has been steadily increasing over recent years, and so a higher number of deaths would be expected in 2020 (or 2021) regardless of COVID-19. For these reasons, Statistics Canada is using an approach that has also been adopted by other countries to estimate expected deaths, using a statistical model to project forward recent trends in mortality.

More information on estimating excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada is available in the article Excess mortality in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic.

5. More on mortality

5.1 Where can Canadians find more information on mortality statistics in Canada for 2020?

• The Provisional weekly estimates of the number of deaths, expected number of deaths and excess mortality: Interactive Tool is updated on a monthly basis. This interactive tool helps to identify trends in excess deaths by province and territory.
• The Provisional weekly death counts: Interactive tool is also updated on a monthly basis. This interactive tool helps to identify trends in the number of weekly deaths by age group and sex, and by province and territory. Based on provisional Canadian Vital Statistics Deaths (CVSD) data and subject to change as updates to the data are released.
• Table 13-10-0768-01: Weekly death counts, by age group and sex. This customizable table contains provisional Canadian Vital Statistics Deaths (CVSD) data, updated monthly, to provide national and provincial/territorial counts on the number of deaths, by week and year. Variables include sex and age group at time of death, as well as the province/territory of occurrence, by week and year. To change aspects of the table, click on the add/remove button and click on the different tabs to select the desired variables.
• Table 13-10-0810-01: Selected grouped causes of death, by week. This customizable table contains provisional Canadian Vital Statistics Deaths (CVSD) data, updated monthly, to provide national and provincial/territorial counts on the number of deaths by week and year. The selected causes of death are based on the World Health Organization's "International Statistical Classification of Disease and Related Health Problems" (ICD), version 10. While the Total, all causes of death figures in this table reflects the number of estimated deaths, the individual cause of death categories are not adjusted. Therefore, the number of deaths by cause category may not account for all deaths over the reference period. The unknown cause category reflects deaths where either the cause has yet to be determined or the death has not yet been registered. To change aspects of the table, click the add/remove button and click on the different tabs to select the desired variables.
• Table 13-10-0784-01: Adjusted number of deaths, expected number of deaths and estimates of excess mortality, by week. This customizable table contains provisional Canadian Vital Statistics Deaths (CVSD) data, updated monthly, about national and provincial/territorial excess mortality statistics. To change aspects of the table, click the add/removed button and click the different tabs to select the difference variables.
• Table 13-10-0792-01: Adjusted number of deaths, expected number of deaths and estimates of excess mortality, by week, age group and sex. This customizable table is updated on a monthly basis as new provisional Canadian Vital Statistics Deaths (CVSD) data are released. Variables include sex and age group at time of death, as well as measures used to examine national and provincial/territorial excess mortality. To change aspects of the table, click the add/remove button and click on the different tabs to select the desired variables.
• More information on estimating excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada is available in the article Excess mortality in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic.
• More information on the certification and classification of COVID-19 deaths can be found in the study COVID-19 death comorbidities in Canada.
• More information on the methods used can be found in the Definitions, data sources and methods for Canadian Vital Statistics - Death Database.

The following list presents the types of support associated with the value of support to ultimate beneficiaries for the reference year 2019/2020.

Type of support

• Advisory service
• Conditionally Repayable Contribution
• Grant
• N/A
• Non-Repayable Contribution
• Other Financial Support
• Service Fully Cost-Recovered
• Service Fully Subsidized
• Service Partially Cost-Recovered
• Targeted Procurement
• Unconditionally Repayable Contribution

The following list identifies the program streams that provide innovation and growth support to ultimate beneficiaries or intermediaries for the reference year 2019/2020.

Program streams that provide innovation and growth support to ultimate beneficiaries or intermediaries for the reference year 2019/2020.

Department/agency	Program Stream Name
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada	AgriInnovate Program
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada	AgriInnovation Program
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada	AgriMarketing Program: Small and Medium-sized Entreprise Component
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada	AgriProcessing Initiative
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada	AgriScience Program
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada	Agricultural Clean Technology Program
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada	Agricultural Greenhouse Gases Program
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada	Agricultural Innovation Program
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada	Canadian Agriculture Strategic Priorities Program
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada	Innovative Solutions Canada program
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada	Living Laboratories Initiative
Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency	Atlantic Innovation Fund
Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency	Business Development Program
Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency	Canada Coal Transition Initiative
Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency	Canadian Experiences Fund
Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency	Community Futures Program
Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency	Regional Growth Through Innovation - Business Scale-up and Productivity
Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency	Regional Growth Through Innovation - Regional Innovation Ecosystems
Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency	Regional Growth Through Innovation - Steel and Aluminium Initiative
Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency	Women Entrepreneurship Fund
Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency	Women Entrepreneurship Strategy - Ecosystem Fund
Economic Development Agency of Canada for the Regions of Quebec	Canadian Experiences Fund
Economic Development Agency of Canada for the Regions of Quebec	Community Futures Program
Economic Development Agency of Canada for the Regions of Quebec	Regional Economic Growth Through Innovation - Steel and Aluminium Initiative
Economic Development Agency of Canada for the Regions of Quebec	Regional Growth Through Innovation - Business Scale-up and Productivity
Economic Development Agency of Canada for the Regions of Quebec	Regional Growth Through Innovation - Regional Innovation Ecosystems
Economic Development Agency of Canada for the Regions of Quebec	Women Entrepreneurship Fund
Economic Development Agency of Canada for the Regions of Quebec	Women Entrepreneurship Strategy - Ecosystem Fund
Canadian Institutes of Health Research	Industry-Partnered Collaborative Research
Canadian Institutes of Health Research	eHealth Innovations Partnership Program
Canadian Space Agency	Space Technology Development Program
Canadian Space Agency	smartEarth contribution
Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency	Canadian Experiences Fund
Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency	Entrepreneurship and Business Development
Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency	Inclusive Diversification and Economic Advancement in the North
Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency	Northern Isolated Community Initiatives Fund
Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency	Regional Growth Through Innovation - Business Scale-up and Productivity
Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency	Regional Growth Through Innovation - Regional Innovation Ecosystems
Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency	Women Entrepreneurship Fund
Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency	Women Entrepreneurship Strategy - Ecosystem Fund
Fisheries and Oceans Canada	Aquaculture Collaborative Research and Development Program
Fisheries and Oceans Canada	Atlantic Fisheries Fund
Fisheries and Oceans Canada	British Columbia Salmon Restoration and Innovation Fund
Fisheries and Oceans Canada	Fisheries and Aquaculture Clean Technology Adoption Program
Fisheries and Oceans Canada	Quebec Fisheries Fund
Department of National Defence	Innovation for Defence, Excellence and Security
Environment and Climate Change Canada	Low Carbon Economy Challenge
Environment and Climate Change Canada	Science Horizons Youth Internship Program
Employment and Social Development Canada	Temporary Foreign Worker Program - Global Talent Stream
Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario	Advanced Manufacturing Fund
Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario	Canadian Experiences Fund
Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario	Community Economic Development and Diversification
Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario	Community Futures Program
Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario	Investing in Business Growth and Productivity
Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario	Investing in Business Innovation
Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario	Regional Economic Growth Through Innovation - Steel and Aluminium Initiative
Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario	Regional Growth Through Innovation - Business Scale-up and Productivity
Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario	Regional Growth Through Innovation - Regional Innovation Ecosystems
Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario	Women Entrepreneurship Fund
Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario	Women Entrepreneurship Strategy - Ecosystem Fund
Global Affairs Canada	CanExport Innovation
Global Affairs Canada	CanExport SMEs
Global Affairs Canada	Canadian International Innovation Program
Global Affairs Canada	Canadian Technology Accelerators
Global Affairs Canada	Trade Commissioner Service
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada	Accelerated Growth Service
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada	Automotive Innovation Fund
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada	Automotive Supplier Innovation Fund
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada	CANARIE Inc.
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada	Centre for Drug Research and Development
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada	Clean Growth Hub
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada	Communications Research Centre Canada
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada	FedNor Canadian Experiences Fund
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada	FedNor Community Futures Program
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada	FedNor Regional Growth Through Innovation - Business Scale-up and Productivity
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada	FedNor Regional Growth Through Innovation - Regional Innovation Ecosystems
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada	FedNor Women Entrepreneurship Fund
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada	FedNor Women Entrepreneurship Strategy - Ecosystem Fund
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada	Futurpreneur Canada
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada	Genome Canada
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada	Innovation Superclusters Initiative
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada	Innovative Solutions Canada
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada	Mitacs Inc.
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada	Northern Ontario Development Program
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada	Regional Economic Growth Through Innovation - Steel and Aluminium Initiative
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada	Stem Cell Network
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada	Strategic Aerospace and Defence Initiative (SADI)
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada	Strategic Innovation Fund
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada	Sustainable Development Technology Canada
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada	Technology Demonstration Program
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada	Technology Partnerships Canada
Natural Resources Canada	Clean Energy for Rural and Remote Communities
Natural Resources Canada	Clean Growth in the Natural Resource Sectors Innovation Program
Natural Resources Canada	Clean Technology Challenges
Natural Resources Canada	Contributions in support of the Forest Research Institute Initiative
Natural Resources Canada	Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Demonstration Program
Natural Resources Canada	Electric Vehicle and Alternative Fuel Infrastructure Deployment Initiative
Natural Resources Canada	Emerging Renewables Power Program
Natural Resources Canada	Energy Efficiency Program
Natural Resources Canada	Energy Efficient Buildings
Natural Resources Canada	Energy Innovation Program
Natural Resources Canada	Forest Innovation Program
Natural Resources Canada	GeoConnections Program
Natural Resources Canada	Green Construction Through Wood Program
Natural Resources Canada	Green Jobs - Science and Technology Internship Program
Natural Resources Canada	Investments in Forest Industry Transformation
Natural Resources Canada	Mining Innovation
Natural Resources Canada	Oil Spill Response Science Program
Natural Resources Canada	Program of Energy, Research & Development
Natural Resources Canada	Smart Grid Deployment Program
Natural Resources Canada	Smart Grid Infrastructure Demonstrations Program
Natural Resources Canada	ecoENERGY for Renewable Power
National Research Council of Canada	Advanced Electronics and Photonics
National Research Council of Canada	Aerospace
National Research Council of Canada	Aquatic and Crop Resource Development
National Research Council of Canada	Automotive and Surface Transportation
National Research Council of Canada	Challenge-Supercluster
National Research Council of Canada	Construction
National Research Council of Canada	Digital Technologies
National Research Council of Canada	Energy, Mining and Environment
National Research Council of Canada	Human Health Therapeutics
National Research Council of Canada	Ideation Fund
National Research Council of Canada	Industrial Research Assistance Program
National Research Council of Canada	Medical Devices
National Research Council of Canada	Ocean, Coastal, and River Engineering
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council	Applied Research and Development Grants
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council	Business-Led Networks of Centres of Excellence
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council	Centres of Excellence for Commercialization and Research
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council	Collaborative Research and Development Grants
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council	College-University Idea to Innovation Grants
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council	Engage Grants
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council	Experience Awards
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council	Industrial Research Chairs
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council	Innovation Enhancement Grants
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council	Strategic Partnership Grants for Networks
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council	Strategic Partnership Grants for Projects
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council	Technology Access Centres Grants
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council	University Idea to Innovation Grants
Department of Canadian Heritage	Business Innovation
Department of Canadian Heritage	Experimental Stream
Department of Canadian Heritage	Music Entrepreneur Component
Department of Canadian Heritage	New Musical Works
Department of Canadian Heritage	Support for Publishers
Western Economic Diversification Canada	Canadian Coal Transition Initiative
Western Economic Diversification Canada	Canadian Experiences Fund
Western Economic Diversification Canada	Community Futures Program
Western Economic Diversification Canada	Regional Economic Growth Through Innovation - Steel and Aluminium Initiative
Western Economic Diversification Canada	Regional Growth Through Innovation - Business Scale-up and Productivity
Western Economic Diversification Canada	Regional Growth Through Innovation - Regional Innovation Ecosystems
Western Economic Diversification Canada	Western Diversification Program
Western Economic Diversification Canada	Western Innovation Initiative
Western Economic Diversification Canada	Women Entrepreneurship Fund
Western Economic Diversification Canada	Women Entrepreneurship Strategy - Ecosystem Fund
Western Economic Diversification Canada	Women's Entreprise Initiative

The following list identifies the program streams that provide innovation and growth support to ultimate beneficiaries for the reference year 2019/2020.

Program streams that provide innovation and growth support to ultimate beneficiaries for the reference year 2018

Department/agency	Program Stream Name
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada	AgriInnovate Program
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada	AgriMarketing Program: Small and Medium-sized Entreprise Component
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada	AgriScience Program
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada	Agricultural Clean Technology Program
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada	Agricultural Greenhouse Gases Program
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada	Canadian Agriculture Strategic Priorities Program
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada	Innovative Solutions Canada program
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada	Living Laboratories Initiative
Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency	Atlantic Innovation Fund
Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency	Business Development Program
Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency	Canada Coal Transition Initiative
Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency	Canadian Experiences Fund
Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency	Regional Growth Through Innovation - Business Scale-up and Productivity
Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency	Regional Growth Through Innovation - Regional Innovation Ecosystems
Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency	Regional Growth Through Innovation - Steel and Aluminium Initiative
Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency	Women Entrepreneurship Fund
Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency	Women Entrepreneurship Strategy - Ecosystem Fund
Economic Development Agency of Canada for the Regions of Quebec	Canadian Experiences Fund
Economic Development Agency of Canada for the Regions of Quebec	Regional Economic Growth Through Innovation - Steel and Aluminium Initiative
Economic Development Agency of Canada for the Regions of Quebec	Regional Growth Through Innovation - Business Scale-up and Productivity
Economic Development Agency of Canada for the Regions of Quebec	Regional Growth Through Innovation - Regional Innovation Ecosystems
Economic Development Agency of Canada for the Regions of Quebec	Women Entrepreneurship Fund
Economic Development Agency of Canada for the Regions of Quebec	Women Entrepreneurship Strategy - Ecosystem Fund
Canadian Institutes of Health Research	Industry-Partnered Collaborative Research
Canadian Institutes of Health Research	eHealth Innovations Partnership Program
Canadian Space Agency	Space Technology Development Program
Canadian Space Agency	smartEarth contribution
Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency	Canadian Experiences Fund
Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency	Entrepreneurship and Business Development
Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency	Inclusive Diversification and Economic Advancement in the North
Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency	Northern Isolated Community Initiatives Fund
Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency	Regional Growth Through Innovation - Business Scale-up and Productivity
Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency	Regional Growth Through Innovation - Regional Innovation Ecosystems
Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency	Women Entrepreneurship Fund
Fisheries and Oceans Canada	Aquaculture Collaborative Research and Development Program
Fisheries and Oceans Canada	Atlantic Fisheries Fund
Fisheries and Oceans Canada	British Columbia Salmon Restoration and Innovation Fund
Fisheries and Oceans Canada	Fisheries and Aquaculture Clean Technology Adoption Program
Fisheries and Oceans Canada	Quebec Fisheries Fund
Department of National Defence	Innovation for Defence, Excellence and Security
Environment and Climate Change Canada	Low Carbon Economy Challenge
Environment and Climate Change Canada	Science Horizons Youth Internship Program
Employment and Social Development Canada	Temporary Foreign Worker Program - Global Talent Stream
Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario	Canadian Experiences Fund
Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario	Community Economic Development and Diversification
Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario	Regional Economic Growth Through Innovation - Steel and Aluminium Initiative
Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario	Regional Growth Through Innovation - Business Scale-up and Productivity
Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario	Regional Growth Through Innovation - Regional Innovation Ecosystems
Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario	Women Entrepreneurship Fund
Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario	Women Entrepreneurship Strategy - Ecosystem Fund
Global Affairs Canada	CanExport Innovation
Global Affairs Canada	CanExport SMEs
Global Affairs Canada	Canadian International Innovation Program
Global Affairs Canada	Canadian Technology Accelerators
Global Affairs Canada	Trade Commissioner Service
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada	Accelerated Growth Service
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada	Automotive Innovation Fund
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada	Automotive Supplier Innovation Fund
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada	Centre for Drug Research and Development
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada	Clean Growth Hub
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada	Communications Research Centre Canada
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada	FedNor Canadian Experiences Fund
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada	FedNor Regional Growth Through Innovation - Business Scale-up and Productivity
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada	FedNor Regional Growth Through Innovation - Regional Innovation Ecosystems
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada	FedNor Women Entrepreneurship Fund
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada	FedNor Women Entrepreneurship Strategy - Ecosystem Fund
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada	Futurpreneur Canada
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada	Genome Canada
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada	Innovation Superclusters Initiative
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada	Innovative Solutions Canada
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada	Mitacs Inc.
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada	Northern Ontario Development Program
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada	Regional Economic Growth Through Innovation - Steel and Aluminium Initiative
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada	Stem Cell Network
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada	Strategic Aerospace and Defence Initiative (SADI)
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada	Strategic Innovation Fund
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada	Sustainable Development Technology Canada
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada	Technology Demonstration Program
Natural Resources Canada	Clean Energy for Rural and Remote Communities
Natural Resources Canada	Clean Growth in the Natural Resource Sectors Innovation Program
Natural Resources Canada	Clean Technology Challenges
Natural Resources Canada	Contributions in support of the Forest Research Institute Initiative
Natural Resources Canada	Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Demonstration Program
Natural Resources Canada	Electric Vehicle and Alternative Fuel Infrastructure Deployment Initiative
Natural Resources Canada	Emerging Renewables Power Program
Natural Resources Canada	Energy Efficiency Program
Natural Resources Canada	Energy Efficient Buildings
Natural Resources Canada	Energy Innovation Program
Natural Resources Canada	Forest Innovation Program
Natural Resources Canada	GeoConnections Program
Natural Resources Canada	Green Construction Through Wood Program
Natural Resources Canada	Green Jobs - Science and Technology Internship Program
Natural Resources Canada	Investments in Forest Industry Transformation
Natural Resources Canada	Mining Innovation
Natural Resources Canada	Oil Spill Response Science Program
Natural Resources Canada	Program of Energy, Research & Development
Natural Resources Canada	Smart Grid Deployment Program
Natural Resources Canada	Smart Grid Infrastructure Demonstrations Program
Natural Resources Canada	ecoENERGY for Renewable Power
National Research Council of Canada	Advanced Electronics and Photonics
National Research Council of Canada	Aerospace
National Research Council of Canada	Aquatic and Crop Resource Development
National Research Council of Canada	Automotive and Surface Transportation
National Research Council of Canada	Challenge-Supercluster
National Research Council of Canada	Construction
National Research Council of Canada	Digital Technologies
National Research Council of Canada	Energy, Mining and Environment
National Research Council of Canada	Human Health Therapeutics
National Research Council of Canada	Ideation Fund
National Research Council of Canada	Industrial Research Assistance Program
National Research Council of Canada	Medical Devices
National Research Council of Canada	Ocean, Coastal, and River Engineering
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council	Applied Research and Development Grants
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council	Collaborative Research and Development Grants
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council	College-University Idea to Innovation Grants
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council	Engage Grants
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council	Experience Awards
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council	Industrial Research Chairs
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council	Innovation Enhancement Grants
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council	Strategic Partnership Grants for Networks
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council	Strategic Partnership Grants for Projects
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council	Technology Access Centres Grants
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council	University Idea to Innovation Grants
Department of Canadian Heritage	Business Innovation
Department of Canadian Heritage	Experimental Stream
Department of Canadian Heritage	Music Entrepreneur Component
Department of Canadian Heritage	Support for Publishers
Western Economic Diversification Canada	Canadian Coal Transition Initiative
Western Economic Diversification Canada	Canadian Experiences Fund
Western Economic Diversification Canada	Regional Economic Growth Through Innovation - Steel and Aluminium Initiative
Western Economic Diversification Canada	Regional Growth Through Innovation - Business Scale-up and Productivity
Western Economic Diversification Canada	Regional Growth Through Innovation - Regional Innovation Ecosystems
Western Economic Diversification Canada	Western Diversification Program
Western Economic Diversification Canada	Western Innovation Initiative
Western Economic Diversification Canada	Women Entrepreneurship Fund
Western Economic Diversification Canada	Women Entrepreneurship Strategy - Ecosystem Fund

The GDP revisions cycle is a set cycle year-to-year. Revisions occur to previously released quarters based on the reference period open with each release:

• a first quarter release includes revisions to all quarters of the previous year;
• a second quarter release includes revisions to only the first quarter of the same year;
• a third quarter release is the annual revision* and includes revisions to all quarters back three years (due to incorporation of Supply-Use Table);
  * Comprehensive revisions (back to 1961) can occur with the annual revision when there are significant changes to concepts or methods, such as integration of new SNA concepts; and
• a fourth quarter release includes revisions to all quarters of the same year.