| Geography | Month |
|---|---|
| 202312 | |
| % | |
| Canada | 0.5 |
| Newfoundland and Labrador | 1.8 |
| Prince Edward Island | 1.1 |
| Nova Scotia | 1.0 |
| New Brunswick | 1.8 |
| Quebec | 1.0 |
| Ontario | 0.9 |
| Manitoba | 1.1 |
| Saskatchewan | 3.0 |
| Alberta | 1.5 |
| British Columbia | 1.4 |
| Yukon Territory | 2.6 |
| Northwest Territories | 1.2 |
| Nunavut | 1.1 |
| Geography | Month | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 202212 | 202301 | 202302 | 202303 | 202304 | 202305 | 202306 | 202307 | 202308 | 202309 | 202310 | 202311 | 202312 | |
| percentage | |||||||||||||
| Canada | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
| Newfoundland and Labrador | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 1.2 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 |
| Prince Edward Island | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Nova Scotia | 4.9 | 4.5 | 2.0 | 3.4 | 2.2 | 4.4 | 2.3 | 2.0 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 5.7 |
| New Brunswick | 2.4 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.8 |
| Quebec | 2.1 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 2.0 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.7 | 1.3 |
| Ontario | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.7 |
| Manitoba | 1.8 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 0.7 |
| Saskatchewan | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 1.4 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 1.0 |
| Alberta | 1.1 | 1.4 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.7 |
| British Columbia | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 |
| Yukon Territory | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Northwest Territories | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Nunavut | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Geography | CVs for operating revenue |
|---|---|
| percent | |
| Canada | 0.18 |
| Newfoundland and Labrador | 0.17 |
| Prince Edward Island | 0.55 |
| Nova Scotia | 0.60 |
| New Brunswick | 0.63 |
| Quebec | 0.52 |
| Ontario | 0.29 |
| Manitoba | 0.91 |
| Saskatchewan | 0.94 |
| Alberta | 0.40 |
| British Columbia | 0.29 |
| Yukon | 0.18 |
| Northwest Territories | 0.60 |
| Nunavut | 0.90 |
This survey is conducted by Statistics Canada in order to collect the necessary information to support the Integrated Business Statistics Program (IBSP). This program combines various survey and administrative data to develop comprehensive measures of the Canadian economy.
The statistical information from the IBSP serves many purposes, including:
Your information may also be used by Statistics Canada for other statistical and research purposes.
Your participation in this survey is required under the authority of the Statistics Act.
Authorization to collect this information
Data are collected under the authority of the Statistics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, Chapter S-19.
Confidentiality
By law, Statistics Canada is prohibited from releasing any information it collects that could identify any person, business, or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent, or as permitted by the Statistics Act. Statistics Canada will use the information from this survey for statistical purposes only.
Record linkages
To enhance the data from this survey and to reduce the reporting burden, Statistics Canada may combine the acquired data with information from other surveys or from administrative sources.
Data-sharing agreements
To reduce respondent burden, Statistics Canada has entered into data-sharing agreements with provincial and territorial statistical agencies and other government organizations, which have agreed to keep the data confidential and use them only for statistical purposes. Statistics Canada will only share data from this survey with those organizations that have demonstrated a requirement to use the data.
Section 11 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with provincial and territorial statistical agencies that meet certain conditions. These agencies must have the legislative authority to collect the same information, on a mandatory basis, and the legislation must provide substantially the same provisions for confidentiality and penalties for disclosure of confidential information as the Statistics Act. Because these agencies have the legal authority to compel businesses to provide the same information, consent is not requested and businesses may not object to the sharing of the data.
For this survey, there are Section 11 agreements with the provincial and territorial statistical agencies of Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Québec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia and the Yukon. The shared data will be limited to information pertaining to business establishments located within the jurisdiction of the respective province or territory.
Section 12 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with federal, provincial or territorial government organizations.
Under Section 12, you may refuse to share your information with any of these organizations by writing a letter of objection to the Chief Statistician, specifying the organizations with which you do not want Statistics Canada to share your data and mailing it to the following address:
Chief Statistician of Canada
Statistics Canada
Attention of Director, Enterprise Statistics Division
150 Tunney's Pasture Driveway
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0T6
You may also contact us by email at statcan.esdhelpdesk-dsebureaudedepannage.statcan@statcan.gc.ca or by fax at 613-951-6583
For this survey, there are Section 12 agreements with the statistical agencies of Prince Edward Island, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut, as well as with the provincial and territorial government ministries responsible for the energy sector, the Canada Energy Regulator, Natural Resources Canada and Environment and Climate Change Canada.
For agreements with provincial and territorial government organizations, the shared data will be limited to information pertaining to business establishments located within the jurisdiction of the respective province or territory.
1. Verify or provide the business or organization's legal and operating name and correct information if needed.
Note: Legal name modifications should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.
Note: Press the help button (?) for additional information.
Legal Name
The legal name is one recognized by law, thus it is the name liable for pursuit or for debts incurred by the business or organization. In the case of a corporation, it is the legal name as fixed by its charter or the statute by which the corporation was created.
Modifications to the legal name should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.
To indicate a legal name of another legal entity you should instead indicate it in question 3 by selecting 'Not currently operational' and then choosing the applicable reason and providing the legal name of this other entity along with any other requested information.
Operating Name
The operating name is a name the business or organization is commonly known as if different from its legal name. The operating name is synonymous with trade name.
2.Verify or provide the contact information for the designated contact person for the business or organization and correct information if needed.
Note: The designated contact person is the person who should receive this questionnaire. The designated contact person may not always be the one who actually completes the questionnaire.
3. Verify or provide the current operational status of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.
4. Verify or provide the current main activity of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.
Note: The described activity was assigned using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).
Note: Press the help button (?) for additional information, including a detailed description of this activity with example activities and any applicable exclusions.
This question verifies the business or organization's current main activity as classified by the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). The NAICS is an industry classification system developed by the statistical agencies of Canada, Mexico and the United States. Created against the background of the North American Free Trade Agreement, it is designed to provide common definitions of the industrial structure of the three countries and a common statistical framework to facilitate the analysis of the three economies. NAICS is based on supply-side or production-oriented principles, to ensure that industrial data, classified to NAICS, are suitable for the analysis of production-related issues such as industrial performance.
The target entity for which NAICS is designed are businesses and other organizations engaged in the production of goods and services. They include farms, incorporated and unincorporated businesses and government business enterprises. They also include government institutions and agencies engaged in the production of marketed and non-marketed services, as well as organizations such as professional associations and unions and charitable or non-profit organizations and the employees of households.
The associated NAICS should reflect those activities conducted by the business or organizational units targeted by this questionnaire only, as identified in the 'Answering this questionnaire' section and which can be identified by the specified legal and operating name. The main activity is the activity which most defines the targeted business or organization's main purpose or reason for existence. For a business or organization that is for-profit, it is normally the activity that generates the majority of the revenue for the entity.
The NAICS classification contains a limited number of activity classes; the associated classification might be applicable for this business or organization even if it is not exactly how you would describe this business or organization's main activity.
Please note that any modifications to the main activity through your response to this question might not necessarily be reflected prior to the transmitting of subsequent questionnaires and as a result they may not contain this updated information.
The following is the detailed description including any applicable examples or exclusions for the classification currently associated with this business or organization.
Description and examples
5. You indicated that is not the current main activity.
Was this business or organization's main activity ever classified as: ?
6. Search and select the industry activity classification that best corresponds to this business or organization's main activity.
How to search:
Select this business or organization's activity sector (optional)
7. You have indicated that the current main activity of this business or organization is:
Main activity
Are there any other activities that contribute significantly (at least 10%) to this business or organization's revenue?
8. Approximately what percentage of this business or organization's revenue is generated by each of the following activities?
When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimates.
| Percentage of revenue | |
|---|---|
| Main activity | |
| Secondary activity | |
| All other activities | |
| Total percentage |
1. Indicate whether you will be answering the remaining questions or attaching files with the required information.
2. Please attach the files that will provide the information required for the Annual Survey of Electric Power Thermal Generating Station Fuel Consumption (EPTG).
To attach files
Note:
1. Does this business produce electricity, for own use and/or for sale?
2. Are the reported fuels consumed for the purpose of electricity generation only?
The purpose of this question is to ascertain whether the respondent is reporting fuels whose sole use was the generation of electricity or whether the fuels reported were used for other purposes (producing thermal energy for building heating, producing thermal energy for industrial drying purposes, etc.) in addition to the generation of electricity.
3. What is the percentage of the actual electrical generator efficiency?
Percentage
4. What percentage of the portion of steam is used to produce electricity?
Portion of steam used to produce electricity: In the process of generating electricity, utilities may use steam completely towards the production of electricity, however an industry may use the steam for other purposes in their manufacturing and generate electricity as a side product.
Enter '0' if steam was not used to produce electricity.
Do not report negative values.
Percentage
5. What is the percentage of the actual turbine efficiency?
Percentage
6. Does this business generate both heat and electricity simultaneously from the same energy source at this location?
Cogeneration: a highly efficient means of generating heat and electric power at the same time from the same energy source. Cogeneration can also make use of the excess thermal heat, usually in the form of relatively low-temperature steam exhausted from the power generation turbines towards another purpose.
Useful thermal energy produced: The amount of energy, in the form of heat, that is produced as a by-product of the generation of electricity and that is used for another application in a productive manner (e.g., the heating of industrial, commercial or residential space; steam used in an industrial process; etc.)
Heat energy is defined as a primary product generated for the purpose of this business’ own use or for sale. It does not include heat by-products, such as waste heat.
7. What is the primary purpose of the cogeneration?
Primary purpose Electricity own use: Electricity which is used only for own use purposes.
Electricity external: Electricity which is sold / supplied to another company.
Heat energy for own use: Heat energy used towards own use purposes that do not contribute towards the generation of electricity (i.e., steam for drying paper or space heating).
Heat energy external: Heat Energy which is sold / supplied to another company.
8. How much heat was generated from the cogeneration process?
Heat energy (primary product) is defined as a product generated for the purpose of this business's own use or for sale. It does not include heat by-products, such as waste heat.
Quantity in Gigajoules (GJ)
9. How much of the generated heat was used for the business's own use?
Quantity in Gigajoules (GJ)
10. What is the primary purpose for generating electricity?
Primary purpose
Electricity own use: Electricity which is used only for own use purposes.
Electricity external: Electricity which is sold / supplied to another company.
Primary purpose
Sub-type for electricity generation
11. What sub-type method was used to generate electricity?
Sub-Types
Combined cycle: burns fuel in a gas turbine or engine to generate electricity. The exhaust from the turbine or engine can provide usable heat or go to a heat recovery system to generate steam which then may drive a secondary steam turbine.
Steam turbine: burns fuel to produce steam, which generates power through a steam turbine. Exhaust (left over steam) can be used as low-pressure steam to heat water.
Combustion engine: rely solely on heat and pressure created by the engine in its compression process for ignition. The compression that occurs is usually twice or more higher than a gasoline engine. Combustion engines will take in air only, and shortly before peak compression, a small quantity of fuel is sprayed into the cylinder via a fuel injector that allows the fuel to instantly ignite.
Combustion turbine: involves a gas or liquid fired turbine, which runs a generator to produce electricity. The exhaust gas flows through a heat recovery boiler, which can convert the exhaust energy into steam or usable heat.
Select all that apply.
Sub-type for electricity generation
12. Which of the following sub-type methods were used for the cogeneration process?
Sub-Types
Combined cycle: burns fuel in a gas turbine or engine to generate electricity. The exhaust from the turbine or engine can provide usable heat or go to a heat recovery system to generate steam which then may drive a secondary steam turbine.
Steam turbine: burns fuel to produce steam, which generates power through a steam turbine. Exhaust (left over steam) can be used as low-pressure steam to heat water.
Combustion engine: rely solely on heat and pressure created by the engine in its compression process for ignition. The compression that occurs is usually twice or more higher than a gasoline engine. Combustion engines will take in air only, and shortly before peak compression, a small quantity of fuel is sprayed into the cylinder via a fuel injector that allows the fuel to instantly ignite.
Combustion turbine: involves a gas or liquid fired turbine, which runs a generator to produce electricity. The exhaust gas flows through a heat recovery boiler, which can convert the exhaust energy into steam or usable heat.
Select all that apply.
Fuel used by generation method — Combined cycle
13. This business indicated that Combined cycle was used to generate electricity.
Which types of fuels were used to generate this electricity?
Select all that apply.
Fuel selection breakdown — Combined cycle
14. This business indicated that Combined cycle was used to generate electricity.
Which types of Solid fuels were used to generate this electricity?
Solid Fuel types used to generate electricity
Any energy form consumed not otherwise identified on the questionnaire. Specify in the spaces provided.
Bituminous coal: A dense, black coal, often with well-defined bands of bright and dull material with a moisture content usually less than 20%. Used primarily for generating electricity, making coke and space heating.
Sub-bituminous coal: A black coal used primarily for thermal generation, with moisture content between 15% and 30%. (Canadian/Foreign) - It is important to distinguish between Canadian versus imported sub-bituminous as each carries a different content, depending on the location of the coal mine.
Lignite: A brownish-black coal of low rank containing 30% to 40% moisture and volatile matter. Used almost exclusively for electric power generation.
Wood (Report for “Dry” method): Wood and wood energy used as fuel, including round wood (cord wood), lignin, wood scraps from furniture and window frame manufacturing, wood chips, bark, sawdust, forest residues, charcoal and pulp waste.
Petroleum coke: (often abbreviated petcoke) is a carbonaceous solid derived from oil refinery coker units or other cracking processes. Other coke has traditionally been derived from coal.
Agriculture biomass: includes animal manure, cellulosic crop residue, fruit and vegetable culls and food-processing effluent. Potential energy crops include high-yielding, high-carbohydrate crops such as switchgrass and vegetable-oil crops such as canola and sunflower, and hydrocarbon plants such as milkweed and gumweed.
Other biomass: (food processing) can include residues that are produced during the processing of a product, such as cheese whey, canning factory residues, fruit pits, apple pomice and coffee grounds.
Other biomass: (type unknown) any other type of biomass not otherwise identified on the questionnaire. Specify in the spaces provided.
Municipal and other waste: can include residues that are produced during the processing of a product, such as paper, cardboard, rubber, leather, natural textiles, wood, brush, grass clippings, kitchen wastes and sewage sludge.
Select all that apply.
15. This business indicated that Combined cycle was used to generate electricity.
Which types of Liquids were used to generate this electricity?
Liquid Fuel types used to generate electricity
Any energy form consumed not otherwise identified on the questionnaire. Specify in the spaces provided.
Biodiesel: refers to a non-petroleum-based diesel fuel consisting of short chain alkyl (methyl or ethyl) esters, made by transesterification of vegetable oil or animal fat (tallow), which can be used (alone, or blended with conventional petrodiesel) in unmodified diesel-engine vehicles.
Ethanol: (ethanol fuel) the same type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages. It can be used as a fuel, mainly as a biofuel alternative to gasoline. It can be made from very common crops such as sugar cane and corn, it is an increasingly common alternative to gasoline in some parts of the world.
Other biofuel: any other type of biofuel not otherwise identified on the questionnaire. Specify in the spaces provided.
Light fuel oil (LFO): all distillate type fuels for power burners, fuel oil no.1, fuel oil no.2 (heating oil no.2), fuel oil no.3 (heating oil no.3), furnace fuel oil, gas oils and light industrial fuel.
Heavy fuel oil (HFO): all grades of residual type fuels including low sulphur. Usually used for steam and electric power generation and diesel motors. Includes fuel oil nos. 4, 5 and 6. (Canadian/Foreign) – it is important to distinguish between Canadian versus imported Heavy Fuel Oil as each carries a different energy content, and is used to validate the integrity of Canada’s Energy Balances.
Propane: is a three-carbon alkane, normally a gas, but compressible to a transportable liquid. It is derived from other petroleum products during oil or natural gas processing. It is commonly used as a fuel for engines, barbeques and home heating systems.
Diesel: all grades of distillate fuel used for diesel engines including low sulphur content (lower than 0.05%). Does not include diesel used for transportation off the plant site.
Spent pulping liquor: A by-product in the paper making process, containing carbohydrate and lignin decomposition products. Also known as "black liquor".
Orimulsion: is a registered trademark name for a bitumen-based fuel that was developed for industrial use. Bitumen is a mixture of organic liquids that are highly viscous, black, sticky and entirely soluble in carbon disulfide and composed primarily of highly condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Currently orimulsion is used as a commercial boiler fuel in power plants worldwide.
Select all that apply.
16. This business indicated that Combined cycle was used to generate electricity.
Which types of Gaseous fuels were used to generate this electricity?
Gaseous Fuel types used to generate electricity
Any energy form consumed not otherwise identified on the questionnaire. Specify in the spaces provided.
Waste gasification: the process of waste gasification involves converting the organic material within the waste into synthetic natural gas (syngas), which is a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas. The syngas is used to produce electricity in the same way that natural gas is combusted for energy production-in combined-cycle mode.
Gasification: uses high temperatures in the presence of oxygen to convert solid biomass into gas (known as producer gas) to fuel a turbine to generate electricity.
Natural gas: a mixture of hydrocarbons (principally methane) and small quantities of various hydrocarbons existing in the gaseous phase or in solution with crude oil in underground reservoirs.
Coke oven gas: is obtained as a by-product of the manufacture of coke oven coke for the production of iron and steel.
Biogas: Landfill gas, or gas from anaerobic digestors using organic matter like manure, crop waste, food waste, sewage, etc..
Refinery fuel gas: a gaseous mixture of methane, light hydrocarbons, hydrogen, and other miscellaneous species (nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, etc.) that is produced in the refining of crude oil and/or petrochemical processes and that is separated for use as a fuel in boilers and process heaters throughout the refinery.
Select all that apply.
17. This business indicated that Combined cycle was used to generate electricity.
What Other fuels were used to generate this electricity?
If you are reporting for electricity generated using Waste heat, do not complete boiler efficiency, average heat content, quantity, or total cost.
Other Fuel types used to generate electricity
Steam from waste heat: The amount of electricity generated when waste heat is recaptured to run a steam generator.
Fuel used by generation method — Steam turbine
18. This business indicated that Steam turbine was used to generate electricity.
Which types of fuels were used to generate this electricity?
Select all that apply.
Fuel selection breakdown — Steam turbine
19. This business indicated that Steam turbine was used to generate electricity.
Which types of Solid fuels were used to generate this electricity?
Solid Fuel types used to generate electricity
Any energy form consumed not otherwise identified on the questionnaire. Specify in the spaces provided.
Bituminous coal: A dense, black coal, often with well-defined bands of bright and dull material with a moisture content usually less than 20%. Used primarily for generating electricity, making coke and space heating.
Sub-bituminous coal: A black coal used primarily for thermal generation, with moisture content between 15% and 30%. (Canadian/Foreign) - It is important to distinguish between Canadian versus imported sub-bituminous as each carries a different content, depending on the location of the coal mine.
Lignite: A brownish-black coal of low rank containing 30% to 40% moisture and volatile matter. Used almost exclusively for electric power generation.
Wood (Report for “Dry” method): Wood and wood energy used as fuel, including round wood (cord wood), lignin, wood scraps from furniture and window frame manufacturing, wood chips, bark, sawdust, forest residues, charcoal and pulp waste.
Petroleum coke: (often abbreviated petcoke) is a carbonaceous solid derived from oil refinery coker units or other cracking processes. Other coke has traditionally been derived from coal.
Agriculture biomass: includes animal manure, cellulosic crop residue, fruit and vegetable culls and food-processing effluent. Potential energy crops include high-yielding, high-carbohydrate crops such as switchgrass and vegetable-oil crops such as canola and sunflower, and hydrocarbon plants such as milkweed and gumweed.
Other biomass: (food processing) can include residues that are produced during the processing of a product, such as cheese whey, canning factory residues, fruit pits, apple pomice and coffee grounds.
Other biomass: (type unknown) any other type of biomass not otherwise identified on the questionnaire. Specify in the spaces provided.
Municipal and other waste: can include residues that are produced during the processing of a product, such as paper, cardboard, rubber, leather, natural textiles, wood, brush, grass clippings, kitchen wastes and sewage sludge.
Select all that apply.
20. This business indicated that Steam turbine was used to generate electricity.
Which types of Liquids were used to generate this electricity?
Liquid Fuel types used to generate electricity
Any energy form consumed not otherwise identified on the questionnaire. Specify in the spaces provided.
Biodiesel: refers to a non-petroleum-based diesel fuel consisting of short chain alkyl (methyl or ethyl) esters, made by transesterification of vegetable oil or animal fat (tallow), which can be used (alone, or blended with conventional petrodiesel) in unmodified diesel-engine vehicles.
Ethanol: (ethanol fuel) the same type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages. It can be used as a fuel, mainly as a biofuel alternative to gasoline. It can be made from very common crops such as sugar cane and corn, it is an increasingly common alternative to gasoline in some parts of the world.
Other biofuel: any other type of biofuel not otherwise identified on the questionnaire. Specify in the spaces provided.
Light fuel oil (LFO): all distillate type fuels for power burners, fuel oil no.1, fuel oil no.2 (heating oil no.2), fuel oil no.3 (heating oil no.3), furnace fuel oil, gas oils and light industrial fuel.
Heavy fuel oil (HFO): all grades of residual type fuels including low sulphur. Usually used for steam and electric power generation and diesel motors. Includes fuel oil nos. 4, 5 and 6. (Canadian/Foreign) – it is important to distinguish between Canadian versus imported Heavy Fuel Oil as each carries a different energy content, and is used to validate the integrity of Canada’s Energy Balances.
Propane: is a three-carbon alkane, normally a gas, but compressible to a transportable liquid. It is derived from other petroleum products during oil or natural gas processing. It is commonly used as a fuel for engines, barbeques and home heating systems.
Diesel: all grades of distillate fuel used for diesel engines including low sulphur content (lower than 0.05%). Does not include diesel used for transportation off the plant site.
Spent pulping liquor: A by-product in the paper making process, containing carbohydrate and lignin decomposition products. Also known as "black liquor".
Orimulsion: is a registered trademark name for a bitumen-based fuel that was developed for industrial use. Bitumen is a mixture of organic liquids that are highly viscous, black, sticky and entirely soluble in carbon disulfide and composed primarily of highly condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Currently orimulsion is used as a commercial boiler fuel in power plants worldwide.
Select all that apply.
21. This business indicated that Steam turbine was used to generate electricity.
Which types of Gaseous fuels were used to generate this electricity?
Select all that apply.
22. This business indicated that Steam turbine was used to generate electricity.
What Other fuels were used to generate this electricity?
Other Fuel types used to generate electricity
Steam from waste heat: The amount of electricity generated when waste heat is recaptured to run a steam generator.
If you are reporting for electricity generated using Waste heat, do not complete boiler efficiency, average heat content, quantity, or total cost.
Fuel used by generation method — Combustion engine
23. This business indicated that Combustion engine was used to generate electricity.
Which types of fuels were used to generate this electricity?
Select all that apply.
Fuel selection breakdown — Combustion engine
24. This business indicated that Combustion engine was used to generate electricity.
Which types of Solid fuels were used to generate this electricity?
Solid Fuel types used to generate electricity
Any energy form consumed not otherwise identified on the questionnaire. Specify in the spaces provided.
Bituminous coal: A dense, black coal, often with well-defined bands of bright and dull material with a moisture content usually less than 20%. Used primarily for generating electricity, making coke and space heating.
Sub-bituminous coal: A black coal used primarily for thermal generation, with moisture content between 15% and 30%. (Canadian/Foreign) - It is important to distinguish between Canadian versus imported sub-bituminous as each carries a different content, depending on the location of the coal mine.
Lignite: A brownish-black coal of low rank containing 30% to 40% moisture and volatile matter. Used almost exclusively for electric power generation.
Wood (Report for "Dry" method): Wood and wood energy used as fuel, including round wood (cord wood), lignin, wood scraps from furniture and window frame manufacturing, wood chips, bark, sawdust, forest residues, charcoal and pulp waste.
Petroleum coke: (often abbreviated petcoke) is a carbonaceous solid derived from oil refinery coker units or other cracking processes. Other coke has traditionally been derived from coal.
Agriculture biomass: includes animal manure, cellulosic crop residue, fruit and vegetable culls and food-processing effluent. Potential energy crops include high-yielding, high-carbohydrate crops such as switchgrass and vegetable-oil crops such as canola and sunflower, and hydrocarbon plants such as milkweed and gumweed.
Other biomass: (food processing) can include residues that are produced during the processing of a product, such as cheese whey, canning factory residues, fruit pits, apple pomice and coffee grounds.
Other biomass: (type unknown) any other type of biomass not otherwise identified on the questionnaire. Specify in the spaces provided.
Municipal and other waste: can include residues that are produced during the processing of a product, such as paper, cardboard, rubber, leather, natural textiles, wood, brush, grass clippings, kitchen wastes and sewage sludge.
Select all that apply.
25. This business indicated that Combustion engine was used to generate electricity.
Which types of Liquids were used to generate this electricity?
Liquid Fuel types used to generate electricity
Any energy form consumed not otherwise identified on the questionnaire. Specify in the spaces provided.
Biodiesel: refers to a non-petroleum-based diesel fuel consisting of short chain alkyl (methyl or ethyl) esters, made by transesterification of vegetable oil or animal fat (tallow), which can be used (alone, or blended with conventional petrodiesel) in unmodified diesel-engine vehicles.
Ethanol: (ethanol fuel) the same type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages. It can be used as a fuel, mainly as a biofuel alternative to gasoline. It can be made from very common crops such as sugar cane and corn, it is an increasingly common alternative to gasoline in some parts of the world.
Other biofuel: any other type of biofuel not otherwise identified on the questionnaire. Specify in the spaces provided.
Light fuel oil (LFO): all distillate type fuels for power burners, fuel oil no.1, fuel oil no.2 (heating oil no.2), fuel oil no.3 (heating oil no.3), furnace fuel oil, gas oils and light industrial fuel.
Heavy fuel oil (HFO): all grades of residual type fuels including low sulphur. Usually used for steam and electric power generation and diesel motors. Includes fuel oil nos. 4, 5 and 6. (Canadian/Foreign) – it is important to distinguish between Canadian versus imported Heavy Fuel Oil as each carries a different energy content, and is used to validate the integrity of Canada’s Energy Balances.
Propane: is a three-carbon alkane, normally a gas, but compressible to a transportable liquid. It is derived from other petroleum products during oil or natural gas processing. It is commonly used as a fuel for engines, barbeques and home heating systems.
Diesel: all grades of distillate fuel used for diesel engines including low sulphur content (lower than 0.05%). Does not include diesel used for transportation off the plant site.
Spent pulping liquor: A by-product in the paper making process, containing carbohydrate and lignin decomposition products. Also known as "black liquor".
Orimulsion: is a registered trademark name for a bitumen-based fuel that was developed for industrial use. Bitumen is a mixture of organic liquids that are highly viscous, black, sticky and entirely soluble in carbon disulfide and composed primarily of highly condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Currently orimulsion is used as a commercial boiler fuel in power plants worldwide.
Select all that apply.
26. This business indicated that Combustion engine was used to generate electricity.
Which types of Gaseous fuels were used to generate this electricity?
Gaseous Fuel types used to generate electricity
Any energy form consumed not otherwise identified on the questionnaire. Specify in the spaces provided.
Waste gasification: the process of waste gasification involves converting the organic material within the waste into synthetic natural gas (syngas), which is a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas. The syngas is used to produce electricity in the same way that natural gas is combusted for energy production-in combined-cycle mode.
Gasification: uses high temperatures in the presence of oxygen to convert solid biomass into gas (known as producer gas) to fuel a turbine to generate electricity.
Natural gas: a mixture of hydrocarbons (principally methane) and small quantities of various hydrocarbons existing in the gaseous phase or in solution with crude oil in underground reservoirs.
Coke oven gas: is obtained as a by-product of the manufacture of coke oven coke for the production of iron and steel.
Biogas: Landfill gas, or gas from anaerobic digestors using organic matter like manure, crop waste, food waste, sewage, etc..
Refinery fuel gas: a gaseous mixture of methane, light hydrocarbons, hydrogen, and other miscellaneous species (nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, etc.) that is produced in the refining of crude oil and/or petrochemical processes and that is separated for use as a fuel in boilers and process heaters throughout the refinery.
Select all that apply.
27. This business indicated that Combustion engine was used to generate electricity. What Other fuels were used to generate this electricity?
Other Fuel types used to generate electricity
Steam from waste heat: The amount of electricity generated when waste heat is recaptured to run a steam generator.
If you are reporting for electricity generated using Waste heat, do not complete boiler efficiency, average heat content, quantity, or total cost.
Fuel used by generation method — Combustion turbine
28. This business indicated that Combustion turbine was used to generate electricity.
Which types of fuels were used to generate this electricity?
Select all that apply.
Fuel selection breakdown — Combustion turbine
29. This business indicated that Combustion turbine was used to generate electricity.
Which types of Solid fuels were used to generate this electricity?
Solid Fuel types used to generate electricity
Any energy form consumed not otherwise identified on the questionnaire. Specify in the spaces provided.
Bituminous coal: A dense, black coal, often with well-defined bands of bright and dull material with a moisture content usually less than 20%. Used primarily for generating electricity, making coke and space heating.
Sub-bituminous coal: A black coal used primarily for thermal generation, with moisture content between 15% and 30%. (Canadian/Foreign) - It is important to distinguish between Canadian versus imported sub-bituminous as each carries a different content, depending on the location of the coal mine.
Lignite: A brownish-black coal of low rank containing 30% to 40% moisture and volatile matter. Used almost exclusively for electric power generation.
Wood (Report for "Dry" method): Wood and wood energy used as fuel, including round wood (cord wood), lignin, wood scraps from furniture and window frame manufacturing, wood chips, bark, sawdust, forest residues, charcoal and pulp waste.
Petroleum coke: (often abbreviated petcoke) is a carbonaceous solid derived from oil refinery coker units or other cracking processes. Other coke has traditionally been derived from coal.
Agriculture biomass: includes animal manure, cellulosic crop residue, fruit and vegetable culls and food-processing effluent. Potential energy crops include high-yielding, high-carbohydrate crops such as switchgrass and vegetable-oil crops such as canola and sunflower, and hydrocarbon plants such as milkweed and gumweed.
Other biomass: (food processing) can include residues that are produced during the processing of a product, such as cheese whey, canning factory residues, fruit pits, apple pomice and coffee grounds.
Other biomass: (type unknown) any other type of biomass not otherwise identified on the questionnaire. Specify in the spaces provided.
Municipal and other waste: can include residues that are produced during the processing of a product, such as paper, cardboard, rubber, leather, natural textiles, wood, brush, grass clippings, kitchen wastes and sewage sludge.
Select all that apply.
30. This business indicated that Combustion turbine was used to generate electricity.
Which types of Liquids were used to generate this electricity?
Liquid Fuel types used to generate electricity
Any energy form consumed not otherwise identified on the questionnaire. Specify in the spaces provided.
Biodiesel: refers to a non-petroleum-based diesel fuel consisting of short chain alkyl (methyl or ethyl) esters, made by transesterification of vegetable oil or animal fat (tallow), which can be used (alone, or blended with conventional petrodiesel) in unmodified diesel-engine vehicles.
Ethanol: (ethanol fuel) the same type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages. It can be used as a fuel, mainly as a biofuel alternative to gasoline. It can be made from very common crops such as sugar cane and corn, it is an increasingly common alternative to gasoline in some parts of the world.
Other biofuel: any other type of biofuel not otherwise identified on the questionnaire. Specify in the spaces provided.
Light fuel oil (LFO): all distillate type fuels for power burners, fuel oil no.1, fuel oil no.2 (heating oil no.2), fuel oil no.3 (heating oil no.3), furnace fuel oil, gas oils and light industrial fuel.
Heavy fuel oil (HFO): all grades of residual type fuels including low sulphur. Usually used for steam and electric power generation and diesel motors. Includes fuel oil nos. 4, 5 and 6. (Canadian/Foreign) – it is important to distinguish between Canadian versus imported Heavy Fuel Oil as each carries a different energy content, and is used to validate the integrity of Canada’s Energy Balances.
Propane: is a three-carbon alkane, normally a gas, but compressible to a transportable liquid. It is derived from other petroleum products during oil or natural gas processing. It is commonly used as a fuel for engines, barbeques and home heating systems.
Diesel: all grades of distillate fuel used for diesel engines including low sulphur content (lower than 0.05%). Does not include diesel used for transportation off the plant site.
Spent pulping liquor: A by-product in the paper making process, containing carbohydrate and lignin decomposition products. Also known as "black liquor".
Orimulsion: is a registered trademark name for a bitumen-based fuel that was developed for industrial use. Bitumen is a mixture of organic liquids that are highly viscous, black, sticky and entirely soluble in carbon disulfide and composed primarily of highly condensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Currently orimulsion is used as a commercial boiler fuel in power plants worldwide.
Select all that apply.
31. This business indicated that Combustion turbine was used to generate electricity.
Which types of Gaseous fuels were used to generate this electricity?
Gaseous Fuel types used to generate electricity
Any energy form consumed not otherwise identified on the questionnaire. Specify in the spaces provided.
Waste gasification: the process of waste gasification involves converting the organic material within the waste into synthetic natural gas (syngas), which is a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas. The syngas is used to produce electricity in the same way that natural gas is combusted for energy production-in combined-cycle mode.
Gasification: uses high temperatures in the presence of oxygen to convert solid biomass into gas (known as producer gas) to fuel a turbine to generate electricity.
Natural gas: a mixture of hydrocarbons (principally methane) and small quantities of various hydrocarbons existing in the gaseous phase or in solution with crude oil in underground reservoirs.
Coke oven gas: is obtained as a by-product of the manufacture of coke oven coke for the production of iron and steel.
Biogas: Landfill gas, or gas from anaerobic digestors using organic matter like manure, crop waste, food waste, sewage, etc..
Refinery fuel gas: a gaseous mixture of methane, light hydrocarbons, hydrogen, and other miscellaneous species (nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, etc.) that is produced in the refining of crude oil and/or petrochemical processes and that is separated for use as a fuel in boilers and process heaters throughout the refinery.
Select all that apply.
32. This business indicated that Combustion turbine was used to generate electricity.
What Other fuels were used to generate this electricity?
Other Fuel types used to generate electricity
Steam from waste heat: The amount of electricity generated when waste heat is recaptured to run a steam generator.
If you are reporting for electricity generated using Waste heat, do not complete boiler efficiency, average heat content, quantity, or total cost.
Questions for selected fuel types — Combined cycle
33. This business indicated that Combined cycle was used to generate electricity.
Please answer the following for the selected fuel types:
What percentage was the efficiency of the boiler?
Heat output (kJ)/Total Energy Content of the Fuel (kJ).
The proportion of useful heat produced to the total potential energy available by burning the fuel.
| Percentage (%) | |
|---|---|
| a. Bituminous coal purchased from Canadian companies | |
| b. Bituminous coal imported from foreign countries | |
| c. Sub-bituminous coal purchased from Canadian companies | |
| d. Sub-bituminous coal imported from foreign countries | |
| e. Lignite | |
| f. Wood | |
| g. Petroleum coke | |
| h. Agriculture biomass | |
| i. Other biomass | |
| j. Other biomass - type unknown | |
| k. Municipal and other waste | |
| l. [Other] | |
| m. Biodiesel | |
| n. Ethanol | |
| o. Other biofuel | |
| p. Light fuel oil | |
| q. Heavy fuel oil purchased from Canadian companies | |
| r. Heavy fuel oil imported from foreign countries | |
| s. Propane | |
| t. Diesel | |
| u. Orimulsion | |
| v. Spent pulping liquor | |
| w. [Other] | |
| x. Natural gas | |
| y. Coke oven gas | |
| z. Biogas | |
| aa. Refinery fuel gas | |
| ab. [Other] | |
| ac. [Other] |
If you are reporting for electricity generated using Waste heat, do not complete boiler efficiency, average heat content, quantity, or total cost.
Questions for selected fuel types — Combined cycle
34. This business indicated that Combined cycle was used to generate electricity. Please answer the following for the selected fuel types:
What was the average heat content?
Solid fuels: report in kJ/kg
Liquids fuels: report in kJ/L
Gaseous fuels: report in kJ/m3
Other fuels: report in kJ/kg
| Average heat content | |
|---|---|
| a. Bituminous coal purchased from Canadian companies | |
| b. Bituminous coal imported from foreign countries | |
| c. Sub-bituminous coal purchased from Canadian companies | |
| d. Sub-bituminous coal imported from foreign countries | |
| e. Lignite | |
| f. Wood | |
| g. Petroleum coke | |
| h. Agriculture biomass | |
| i. Other biomass | |
| j. Other biomass - type unknown | |
| k. Municipal and other waste | |
| l. [Other] | |
| m. Biodiesel | |
| n. Ethanol | |
| o. Other biofuel | |
| p. Light fuel oil | |
| q. Heavy fuel oil purchased from Canadian companies | |
| r. Heavy fuel oil imported from foreign countries | |
| s. Propane | |
| t. Diesel | |
| u. Orimulsion | |
| v. Spent pulping liquor | |
| w. [Other liquid fuel] | |
| x. Natural gas | |
| y. Coke oven gas | |
| z. Methane (land fill) | |
| aa. Refinery fuel gas | |
| ab. [Other gaseous fuel] | |
| ac. [Other type of fuel] |
35. This business indicated that Combined cycle was used to generate electricity. Please answer the following for the selected fuel types:
What was the quantity/volume used and the total cost?
| Unit of measure | Quantity/volume used | CAN$ '000 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| a. Bituminous coal purchased from Canadian companies | |||
| b. Bituminous coal imported from foreign countries | |||
| c. Sub-bituminous coal purchased from Canadian companies | |||
| d. Sub-bituminous coal imported from foreign countries | |||
| e. Lignite | |||
| f. Wood | |||
| g. Petroleum coke | |||
| h. Agriculture biomass | |||
| i. Other biomass | |||
| j. Other biomass — type unknown | |||
| k. Municipal and other waste | |||
| l. [Other] | |||
| m. Biodiesel | |||
| n. Ethanol | |||
| o. Other biofuel | |||
| p. Light fuel oil | |||
| q. Heavy fuel oil purchased from Canadian companies | |||
| r. Heavy fuel oil imported from foreign countries | |||
| s. Propane | |||
| t. Diesel | |||
| u. Orimulsion | |||
| v. Spent pulping liquor | |||
| w. [Other] | |||
| x. Natural gas | |||
| y. Coke oven gas | |||
| z. Biogas | |||
| aa. Refinery fuel gas | |||
| ab. [Other gaseous fuel] | |||
| ac. [Other type of fuel] |
Please report electricity generation values as gross electricity generation values.
36. This business indicated that Combined cycle was used to generate electricity. Please answer the following for the selected fuel types:
What was the quantity of electricity generated in megawatt-hours (MWh)?
Gross electricity generation is the total amount of electricity generated by the power plant during the reporting period.
Gross electricity generation = Net electricity generation + Own use consumption.
(Net electricity generation is the amount of electricity generated by the power plant that is delivered to the electricity grid during the reporting period).
| Quantity in MWh | |
|---|---|
| a. Bituminous coal purchased from Canadian companies | |
| b. Bituminous coal imported from foreign countries | |
| c. Sub-bituminous coal purchased from Canadian companies | |
| d. Sub-bituminous coal imported from foreign countries | |
| e. Lignite | |
| f. Wood | |
| g. Petroleum coke | |
| h. Agriculture biomass | |
| i. Other biomass | |
| j. Other biomass - type unknown | |
| k. Municipal and other waste | |
| l. [Other] | |
| m. Biodiesel | |
| n. Ethanol | |
| o. Other biofuel | |
| p. Light fuel oil | |
| q. Heavy fuel oil purchased from Canadian companies | |
| r. Heavy fuel oil imported from foreign countries | |
| s. Propane | |
| t. Diesel | |
| u. Orimulsion | |
| v. Spent pulping liquor | |
| w. [Other liquid fuel] | |
| x. Natural gas | |
| y. Coke oven gas | |
| z. Biogaz | |
| aa. Refinery fuel gas | |
| ab. [Other gaseous fuel] | |
| ac. [Other type of fuel] |
37. For Combined cycle, the total gross generation of electricity is:
Please review the values and if needed, press the Previous button at the bottom of the page to navigate to the previous pages to make any modifications.
| Quantity in MWh | |
|---|---|
| Total gross generation of electricity using Combined cycle |
Questions for selected fuel types — Steam turbine
38. This business indicated that Steam turbine was used to generate electricity. Please answer the following for the selected fuel types:
What percentage was the efficiency of the boiler?
Heat output (kJ)/Total Energy Content of the Fuel (kJ).
The proportion of useful heat produced to the total potential energy available by burning the fuel.
| Percentage (%) | |
|---|---|
| a. Bituminous coal purchased from Canadian companies | |
| b. Bituminous coal imported from foreign countries | |
| c. Sub-bituminous coal purchased from Canadian companies | |
| d. Sub-bituminous coal imported from foreign countries | |
| e. Lignite | |
| f. Wood | |
| g. Petroleum coke | |
| h. Agriculture biomass | |
| i. Other biomass | |
| j. Other biomass - type unknown | |
| k. Municipal and other waste | |
| l. [Other] | |
| m. Biodiesel | |
| n. Ethanol | |
| o. Other biofuel | |
| p. Light fuel oil | |
| q. Heavy fuel oil purchased from Canadian companies | |
| r. Heavy fuel oil imported from foreign countries | |
| s. Propane | |
| t. Diesel | |
| u. Orimulsion | |
| v. Spent pulping liquor | |
| w. [Other] | |
| x. Natural gas | |
| y. Coke oven gas | |
| z. Biogas | |
| aa. Refinery fuel gas | |
| ab. [Other] | |
| ac. [Other] |
If you are reporting for electricity generated using Waste heat, do not complete boiler efficiency, average heat content, quantity, or total cost.
39. This business indicated that Steam turbine was used to generate electricity. Please answer the following for the selected fuel types:,
What was the average heat content?
| Average heat content | |
|---|---|
| a. Bituminous coal purchased from Canadian companies | |
| b. Bituminous coal imported from foreign countries | |
| c. Sub-bituminous coal purchased from Canadian companies | |
| d. Sub-bituminous coal imported from foreign countries | |
| e. Lignite | |
| f. Wood | |
| g. Petroleum coke | |
| h. Agriculture biomass | |
| i. Other biomass | |
| j. Other biomass - type unknown | |
| k. Municipal and other waste | |
| l. [Other solid fuel] | |
| m. Biodiesel | |
| n. Ethanol | |
| o. Other biofuel | |
| p. Light fuel oil | |
| q. Heavy fuel oil purchased from Canadian companies | |
| r. Heavy fuel oil imported from foreign countries | |
| s. Propane | |
| t. Diesel | |
| u. Orimulsion | |
| v. Spent pulping liquor | |
| w. [Other liquid fuel] | |
| x. Natural gas | |
| y. Coke oven gas | |
| z. Biogas | |
| aa. Refinery fuel gas | |
| ab. [Other gaseous fuel] | |
| ac. [Other type of fuel] |
If you are reporting for electricity generated using Waste heat, do not complete boiler efficiency, average heat content, quantity, or total cost.
40. This business indicated that Steam turbine was used to generate electricity. Please answer the following for the selected fuel types:
| Unit of measure | Quantity/volume used | CAN$ '000 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| a. Bituminous coal purchased from Canadian companies | |||
| b. Bituminous coal imported from foreign countries | |||
| c. Sub-bituminous coal purchased from Canadian companies | |||
| d. Sub-bituminous coal imported from foreign countries | |||
| e. Lignite | |||
| f. Wood | |||
| g. Petroleum coke | |||
| h. Agriculture biomass | |||
| i. Other biomass | |||
| j. Other biomass — type unknown | |||
| k. Municipal and other waste | |||
| l. [Other] | |||
| m. Biodiesel | |||
| n. Ethanol | |||
| o. Other biofuel | |||
| p. Light fuel oil | |||
| q. Heavy fuel oil purchased from Canadian companies | |||
| r. Heavy fuel oil imported from foreign countries | |||
| s. Propane | |||
| t. Diesel | |||
| u. Orimulsion | |||
| v. Spent pulping liquor | |||
| w. [Other] | |||
| x. Natural gas | |||
| y. Coke oven gas | |||
| z. Biogas | |||
| aa. Refinery fuel gas | |||
| ab. [Other] | |||
| ac. [Other type of fuel] |
If you are reporting for electricity generated using Waste heat, do not complete boiler efficiency, average heat content, quantity, or total cost.
41. This business indicated that Steam turbine was used to generate electricity. Please answer the following for the selected fuel types:
Please report electricity generation values as gross electricity generation values.
What was the quantity of electricity generated in megawatt-hours (MWh)?.
Gross electricity generation is the total amount of electricity generated by the power plant during the reporting period.
Gross electricity generation = Net electricity generation + Own use consumption.
(Net electricity generation is the amount of electricity generated by the power plant that is delivered to the electricity grid during the reporting period).
| Quantity in MWh | |
|---|---|
| a. Bituminous coal purchased from Canadian companies | |
| b. Bituminous coal imported from foreign countries | |
| c. Sub-bituminous coal purchased from Canadian companies | |
| d. Sub-bituminous coal imported from foreign countries | |
| e. Lignite | |
| f. Wood | |
| g. Petroleum coke | |
| h. Agriculture biomass | |
| i. Other biomass | |
| j. Other biomass - type unknown | |
| k. Municipal and other waste | |
| l. [Other solid fuel] | |
| m. Biodiesel | |
| n. Ethanol | |
| o. Other biofuel | |
| p. Light fuel oil | |
| q. Heavy fuel oil purchased from Canadian companies | |
| r. Heavy fuel oil imported from foreign countries | |
| s. Propane | |
| t. Diesel | |
| u. Orimulsion | |
| v. Spent pulping liquor | |
| w. [Other] | |
| x. Natural gas | |
| y. Coke oven gas | |
| z. Biogas | |
| aa. Refinery fuel gas | |
| ab. [Other gaseous fuel] | |
| ac. [Other type of fuel] |
42. For Steam turbine, the total gross generation of electricity is:
Please review the values and if needed, press the Previous button at the bottom of the page to navigate to the previous pages to make any modifications.
| Quantity in MWh | |
|---|---|
| Total gross generation of electricity using Steam turbine |
Questions for selected fuel types — Combustion engine
43. This business indicated that Combustion engine was used to generate electricity. Please answer the following for the selected fuel types:
What percentage was the efficiency of the boiler?
Heat output (kJ)/Total Energy Content of the Fuel (kJ).
The proportion of useful heat produced to the total potential energy available by burning the fuel.
| Percentage (%) | |
|---|---|
| a. Bituminous coal purchased from Canadian companies | |
| b. Bituminous coal imported from foreign countries | |
| c. Sub-bituminous coal purchased from Canadian companies | |
| d. Sub-bituminous coal imported from foreign countries | |
| e. Lignite | |
| f. Wood | |
| g. Petroleum coke | |
| h. Agriculture biomass | |
| i. Other biomass | |
| j. Other biomass - type unknown | |
| k. Municipal and other waste | |
| l. [Other solid fuel] | |
| m. Biodiesel | |
| n. Ethanol | |
| o. Other biofuel | |
| p. Light fuel oil | |
| q. Heavy fuel oil purchased from Canadian companies | |
| r. Heavy fuel oil imported from foreign countries | |
| s. Propane | |
| t. Diesel | |
| u. Orimulsion | |
| v. Spent pulping liquor | |
| w. [Other liquid fuel] | |
| x. Natural gas | |
| y. Coke oven gas | |
| z. Biogas | |
| aa. Refinery fuel gas | |
| ab. [Other] | |
| ac. [Other] |
If you are reporting for electricity generated using Waste heat, do not complete boiler efficiency, average heat content, quantity, or total cost.
44. This business indicated that Combustion engine was used to generate electricity. Please answer the following for the selected fuel types:
What was the average heat content?
| Average heat content | |
|---|---|
| a. Bituminous coal purchased from Canadian companies | |
| b. Bituminous coal imported from foreign countries | |
| c. Sub-bituminous coal purchased from Canadian companies | |
| d. Sub-bituminous coal imported from foreign countries | |
| e. Lignite | |
| f. Wood | |
| g. Petroleum coke | |
| h. Agriculture biomass | |
| i. Other biomass | |
| j. Other biomass - type unknown | |
| k. Municipal and other waste | |
| l. [Other] | |
| m. Biodiesel | |
| n. Ethanol | |
| o. Other biofuel | |
| p. Light fuel oil | |
| q. Heavy fuel oil purchased from Canadian companies | |
| r. Heavy fuel oil imported from foreign countries | |
| s. Propane | |
| t. Diesel | |
| u. Orimulsion | |
| v. Spent pulping liquor | |
| w. [Other] | |
| x. Natural gas | |
| y. Coke oven gas | |
| z. Biogas | |
| aa. Refinery fuel gas | |
| ab. [Other] | |
| ac. [Other] |
If you are reporting for electricity generated using Waste heat, do not complete boiler efficiency, average heat content, quantity, or total cost.
45. This business indicated that Combustion engine was used to generate electricity. Please answer the following for the selected fuel types:
| Unit of measure | Quantity/volume used | CAN$ '000 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| a. Bituminous coal purchased from Canadian companies | |||
| b. Bituminous coal imported from foreign countries | |||
| c. Sub-bituminous coal purchased from Canadian companies | |||
| d. Sub-bituminous coal imported from foreign countries | |||
| e. Lignite | |||
| f. Wood | |||
| g. Petroleum coke | |||
| h. Agriculture biomass | |||
| i. Other biomass | |||
| j. Other biomass — type unknown | |||
| k. Municipal and other waste | |||
| l. [Other] | |||
| m. Biodiesel | |||
| n. Ethanol | |||
| o. Other biofuel | |||
| p. Light fuel oil | |||
| q. Heavy fuel oil purchased from Canadian companies | |||
| r. Heavy fuel oil imported from foreign countries | |||
| s. Propane | |||
| t. Diesel | |||
| u. Orimulsion | |||
| v. Spent pulping liquor | |||
| w. [Other] | |||
| x. Natural gas | |||
| y. Coke oven gas | |||
| z. Biogas | |||
| aa. Refinery fuel gas | |||
| ab. [Other] | |||
| ac. [Other] |
If you are reporting for electricity generated using Waste heat, do not complete boiler efficiency, average heat content, quantity, or total cost.
46. This business indicated that Combustion engine was used to generate electricity. Please answer the following for the selected fuel types:
What was the quantity of electricity generated in megawatt-hours (MWh)?
Gross electricity generation is the total amount of electricity generated by the power plant during the reporting period.
Gross electricity generation = Net electricity generation + Own use consumption
Net electricity generation is the amount of electricity generated by the power plant that is delivered to the electricity grid during the reporting period.
| Quantity in MWh | |
|---|---|
| a. Bituminous coal purchased from Canadian companies | |
| b. Bituminous coal imported from foreign countries | |
| c. Sub-bituminous coal purchased from Canadian companies | |
| d. Sub-bituminous coal imported from foreign countries | |
| e. Lignite | |
| f. Wood | |
| g. Petroleum coke | |
| h. Agriculture biomass | |
| i. Other biomass | |
| j. Other biomass - type unknown | |
| k. Municipal and other waste | |
| l. [Other] | |
| m. Biodiesel | |
| n. Ethanol | |
| o. Other biofuel | |
| p. Light fuel oil | |
| q. Heavy fuel oil purchased from Canadian companies | |
| r. Heavy fuel oil imported from foreign countries | |
| s. Propane | |
| t. Diesel | |
| u. Orimulsion | |
| v. Spent pulping liquor | |
| w. [Other] | |
| x. Natural gas | |
| y. Coke oven gas | |
| z. Biogas | |
| aa. Refinery fuel gas | |
| ab. [Other] | |
| ac. [Other] |
47. For Combustion engine, the total gross generation of electricity is:
Please review the values and if needed, press the Previous button at the bottom of the page to navigate to the previous pages to make any modifications.
| Quantity in MWh | |
|---|---|
| Total gross generation of electricity using Combustion engine |
Questions for selected fuel types — Combustion turbine
48. This business indicated that Combustion turbine was used to generate electricity. Please answer the following for the selected fuel types:
What percentage was the efficiency of the boiler?
Heat output (kJ)/Total Energy Content of the Fuel (kJ).
The proportion of useful heat produced to the total potential energy available by burning the fuel.
| Percentage (%) | |
|---|---|
| a. Bituminous coal purchased from Canadian companies | |
| b. Bituminous coal imported from foreign countries | |
| c. Sub-bituminous coal purchased from Canadian companies | |
| d. Sub-bituminous coal imported from foreign countries | |
| e. Lignite | |
| f. Wood | |
| g. Petroleum coke | |
| h. Agriculture biomass | |
| i. Other biomass | |
| j. Other biomass - type unknown | |
| k. Municipal and other waste | |
| l. [Other solid fuel] | |
| m. Biodiesel | |
| n. Ethanol | |
| o. Other biofuel | |
| p. Light fuel oil | |
| q. Heavy fuel oil purchased from Canadian companies | |
| r. Heavy fuel oil imported from foreign countries | |
| s. Propane | |
| t. Diesel | |
| u. Orimulsion | |
| v. Spent pulping liquor | |
| w. [Other] | |
| x. Natural gas | |
| y. Coke oven gas | |
| z. Biogas | |
| aa. Refinery fuel gas | |
| ab. [Other] | |
| ac. [Other] |
If you are reporting for electricity generated using Waste heat, do not complete boiler efficiency, average heat content, quantity, or total cost.
49. This business indicated that Combustion turbine was used to generate electricity. Please answer the following for the selected fuel types:
What was the average heat content?
| Average heat content | |
|---|---|
| a. Bituminous coal purchased from Canadian companies | |
| b. Bituminous coal imported from foreign countries | |
| c. Sub-bituminous coal purchased from Canadian companies | |
| d. Sub-bituminous coal imported from foreign countries | |
| e. Lignite | |
| f. Wood | |
| g. Petroleum coke | |
| h. Agriculture biomass | |
| i. Other biomass | |
| j. Other biomass - type unknown | |
| k. Municipal and other waste | |
| l. [Other] | |
| m. Biodiesel | |
| n. Ethanol | |
| o. Other biofuel | |
| p. Light fuel oil | |
| q. Heavy fuel oil purchased from Canadian companies | |
| r. Heavy fuel oil imported from foreign countries | |
| s. Propane | |
| t. Diesel | |
| u. Orimulsion | |
| v. Spent pulping liquor | |
| w. [Other liquid fuel] | |
| x. Natural gas | |
| y. Coke oven gas | |
| z. Biogas | |
| aa. Refinery fuel gas | |
| ab. [Other] | |
| ac. [Other] |
If you are reporting for electricity generated using Waste heat, do not complete boiler efficiency, average heat content, quantity, or total cost.
50. This business indicated that Combustion turbine was used to generate electricity. Please answer the following for the selected fuel types:
| Unit of measure | Quantity/volume used | CAN$ '000 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| a. Bituminous coal purchased from Canadian companies | |||
| b. Bituminous coal imported from foreign countries | |||
| c. Sub-bituminous coal purchased from Canadian companies | |||
| d. Sub-bituminous coal imported from foreign countries | |||
| e. Lignite | |||
| f. Wood | |||
| g. Petroleum coke | |||
| h. Agriculture biomass | |||
| i. Other biomass | |||
| j. Other biomass — type unknown | |||
| k. Municipal and other waste | |||
| l. [Other] | |||
| m. Biodiesel | |||
| n. Ethanol | |||
| o. Other biofuel | |||
| p. Light fuel oil | |||
| q. Heavy fuel oil purchased from Canadian companies | |||
| r. Heavy fuel oil imported from foreign countries | |||
| s. Propane | |||
| t. Diesel | |||
| u. Orimulsion | |||
| v. Spent pulping liquor | |||
| w. [Other] | |||
| x. Natural gas | |||
| y. Coke oven gas | |||
| z. Biogas | |||
| aa. Refinery fuel gas | |||
| ab. [Other] | |||
| ac. [Other] |
If you are reporting for electricity generated using Waste heat, do not complete boiler efficiency, average heat content, quantity, or total cost.
51. This business indicated that Combustion turbine was used to generate electricity. Please answer the following for the selected fuel types:
Please report electricity generation values as gross electricity generation values.
What was the quantity of electricity generated in megawatt-hours (MWh)?
Gross electricity generation is the total amount of electricity generated by the power plant during the reporting period.
Gross electricity generation = Net electricity generation + Own use consumption
(Net electricity generation is the amount of electricity generated by the power plant that is delivered to the electricity grid during the reporting period).
| Quantity in MWh | |
|---|---|
| a. Bituminous coal purchased from Canadian companies | |
| b. Bituminous coal imported from foreign countries | |
| c. Sub-bituminous coal purchased from Canadian companies | |
| d. Sub-bituminous coal imported from foreign countries | |
| e. Lignite | |
| f. Wood | |
| g. Petroleum coke | |
| h. Agriculture biomass | |
| i. Other biomass | |
| j. Other biomass - type unknown | |
| k. Municipal and other waste | |
| l. [Other] | |
| m. Biodiesel | |
| n. Ethanol | |
| o. Other biofuel | |
| p. Light fuel oil | |
| q. Heavy fuel oil purchased from Canadian companies | |
| r. Heavy fuel oil imported from foreign countries | |
| s. Propane | |
| t. Diesel | |
| u. Orimulsion | |
| v. Spent pulping liquor | |
| w. [Other] | |
| x. Natural gas | |
| y. Coke oven gas | |
| z. Biogas | |
| aa. Refinery fuel gas | |
| ab. [Other] | |
| ac. [Other] |
52. For Combustion turbine, the total gross generation of electricity is:
Please review the values and if needed, press the Previous button at the bottom of the page to navigate to the previous pages to make any modifications.
| Quantity in MWh | |
|---|---|
| Total gross generation of electricity using Combustion turbine |
Useful thermal energy — Combined cycle
53. This business indicated that it uses Combined cycle cogeneration process.
What was the useful thermal energy produced from this business for own use and sale?
Useful thermal energy produced: The amount of energy in the form of heat that is produced as a by-product of the generation of electricity and that is used for another application in a productive manner (e.g., the heating of industrial, commercial or residential space; steam used in an industrial process; etc.).
Own use consumption refers to consumption of self-generated thermal energy (excluding purchased) for the direct support of the plant or business itself during the reporting period.
Useful thermal energy — Steam turbine
54. This business indicated that it uses Steam turbine cogeneration process.
What was the useful thermal energy produced from this business for own use and sale?
Cogeneration: A highly efficient means of generating heat and electric power at the same time from the same energy source. Cogeneration makes use of the excess heat, usually in the form of relatively low-temperature steam exhausted from the power generation turbines towards another purpose.
Useful thermal energy produced: The amount of energy in the form of heat that is produced as a by-product of the generation of electricity and that is used for another application in a productive manner (e.g., the heating of industrial, commercial or residential space; steam used in an industrial process; etc.).
Own use consumption refers to consumption of self-generated thermal energy (excluding purchased) for the direct support of the plant or business itself during the reporting period.
Useful thermal energy — Combustion engine
55. This business indicated that it uses Combustion engine cogeneration process.
What was the useful thermal energy produced from this business for own use and sale?
Cogeneration: A highly efficient means of generating heat and electric power at the same time from the same energy source. Cogeneration makes use of the excess heat, usually in the form of relatively low-temperature steam exhausted from the power generation turbines towards another purpose.
Useful thermal energy produced: The amount of energy, in the form of heat, that is produced as a by-product of the generation of electricity and that is used for another application in a productive manner (e.g., the heating of industrial, commercial or residential space; steam used in an industrial process; etc.).
Own use consumption refers to consumption of self-generated thermal energy (excluding purchased) for the direct support of the plant or business itself during the reporting period.
Useful thermal energy — Combustion turbine
56. This business indicated that it uses Combustion turbine cogeneration process.
What was the useful thermal energy produced from this business for own use and sale?
Useful thermal energy produced: The amount of energy in the form of heat that is produced as a by-product of the generation of electricity and that is used for another application in a productive manner (e.g., the heating of industrial, commercial or residential space; steam used in an industrial process; etc.).
Own use consumption refers to consumption of self-generated thermal energy (excluding purchased) for the direct support of the plant or business itself during the reporting period.
Uranium
57. What was the average heat content in gigajoules per metric tonne (Gj/MT) of Uranium?
Nuclear: is any nuclear technology designed to extract usable energy from atomic nuclei via controlled nuclear reactions. The most common method today is through nuclear fission, though other methods include nuclear fusion and radioactive decay.
Gigajoules per metric tonne (Gj/MT)
58. What quantity of Uranium was used and the total cost?
Nuclear: is any nuclear technology designed to extract usable energy from atomic nuclei via controlled nuclear reactions. The most common method today is through nuclear fission, though other methods include nuclear fusion and radioactive decay.
Unit of measure
Quantity
Total cost
59. What was the total gross quantity of electricity generated in megawatt-hours (MWh)?
Nuclear: is any nuclear technology designed to extract usable energy from atomic nuclei via controlled nuclear reactions. The most common method today is through nuclear fission, though other methods include nuclear fusion and radioactive decay.
Gross electricity generation is the total amount of electricity generated by the power plant that is delivered to the electricity grid during the reporting period.
Gross electricity generation = Net electricity generation + Own use consumption.
(Net electricity generation is the amount of electricity generated by the power plant that is delivered to the electricity grid during the reporting period).
MWh
Changes or events
60. Indicate any changes or events that affected the reported values for this business or organization, compared with the last reporting period.
Select all that apply.
Specify the other changes or events:
Contact person
61. Statistics Canada may need to contact the person who completed this questionnaire for further information.
Is the provided given names and the provided family name the best person to contact?
Who is the best person to contact about this questionnaire?
Feedback
62. How long did it take to complete this questionnaire?
Include the time spent gathering the necessary information.
63. Do you have any comments about this questionnaire?
The Census of Agriculture provides the only comprehensive and integrated profile of the physical, economic, social and environmental aspects of Canada's agriculture industry. It is conducted every five years. The data are needed to make informed decisions about business management strategies, agricultural policies, programs and services that directly affect farmers and rural communities.
Census data provide a reliable source of information to farm organizations, government departments, agriculture suppliers and service providers, and researchers that help them to understand and respond to changes in agriculture.
Your information may also be used by Statistics Canada for other statistical and research purposes.
Although voluntary, your participation is important so that the information collected is as accurate and complete as possible.
Authorization to collect this information
Data are collected under the authority of the Statistics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, Chapter S-19.
Confidentiality
By law, Statistics Canada is prohibited from releasing any information it collects that could identify any person, business, or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent, or as permitted by the Statistics Act. Statistics Canada will use the information from this survey for statistical purposes only.
Record linkages
To enhance the data from this survey and to reduce the reporting burden, Statistics Canada may combine the acquired data with information from other surveys or from administrative sources.
Contact us if you have any questions or concerns about record linkage:
Email: infostats@statcan.gc.ca
Telephone: 1-877-949-9492
Mail:
Chief Statistician of Canada
Statistics Canada
Attention of Director, Census of Agriculture Division
150 Tunney's Pasture Driveway
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0T6
1. Please verify or provide the business or organization's legal and operating name and correct where needed.
Note: Legal name modifications should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.
2. Please verify or provide the contact information of the designated business or organization contact person for this questionnaire and correct where needed.
Note: The designated contact person is the person who should receive this questionnaire. The designated contact person may not always be the one who actually completes the questionnaire.
3. Please verify or provide the current operational status of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name in question 1.
Agricultural activity
4. Will this operation produce agricultural products in 2024?
Examples of agricultural products include: hay, field crops, field vegetables, fruit, berries, nuts, sod, nursery products, ornamental plants, flowers, Christmas trees, mushrooms, greenhouse products, maple products, honeybees or other pollinating bees, poultry, eggs, livestock, meat, milk, wool, horses.
Definition: Throughout this questionnaire, this operation or this agricultural operation refers to the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name in question 1.
1. Does this agricultural operation have a Business Number issued by the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA)?
A Business Number is a unique 9-digit number assigned to a business by the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA). It is used to register a business for tax programs such as GST/HST, payroll deduction, corporation income tax, etc.
2. Do you operate or own other agricultural or non-agricultural businesses?
Agricultural Operators
3. Provide the following information about each person who was responsible for management decisions made for this agricultural operation as of May 14, 2024.
Management decisions are decisions about a variety of important business matters, e.g., agricultural production, hiring employees, investment and finances, marketing of agricultural products.
Exclude professional advisors, e.g., accountants, consultants.
| Last name | First name | |
|---|---|---|
| Operator 1 | ||
| Operator 2 | ||
| Operator 3 |
| Operator 1 | Operator 2 | Operator 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Date of birth | |||
| Telephone number | |||
| Postal code |
4. If there are more than three operators, enter their full names and telephone numbers in the comments section.
5. In 2023, what was each operator's average weekly time contribution to this agricultural operation?
Include only work done for this operation, such as:
6. In 2023, what was each operator's average weekly time spent doing paid work at another job or operating another business not involved with this agricultural operation?
Include only work done for:
Exclude custom work done for others.
Paid labour
7. For the 2023 tax year, did this agricultural operation issue any T4 slips to agricultural workers?
A T4 slip is a Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) form that is used to report a worker's annual salary, wages and taxable benefits.
Include all operators, family workers and employees who were issued a T4 slip and participated in the primary production of agricultural products.
Exclude workers who only do processing or service tasks.
8. For the 2023 tax year, report the number of agricultural workers who were issued a T4 slip in the categories below.
Include all operators, family workers and employees who were issued a T4 slip and participated in the primary production of agricultural products.
Exclude workers who only do processing or service tasks.
Note: Report each worker in one category only.
Total number of workers who were issued a T4 slip for the 2023 tax year
9. For the 2023 tax year, did this operation issue any T4 slips to agricultural family workers?
A T4 slip is a Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) form that is used to report a worker's annual salary, wages and taxable benefits.
Family includes operators and workers who are related to an operator by blood, marriage (including common-law) or adoption, including those who live in a different household.
Exclude family workers who only do processing or service tasks.
Main farm location of this operation
10. Complete the civic address or land description of the main farm location of this agricultural operation.
This is where the main agricultural activities take place. It can be the main farm buildings, the main gate of the farm operation, or the farm headquarters.
Civic address of the main farm location (address that would be provided to emergency services)
For the Prairies and parts of British Columbia only: land description of the main farm location
Unit of measure
11. What unit of measure will be used to report land areas?
Area of land
12. In 2024, what is this operation's total area of workable and non-workable land for each of the following?
Workable land includes all cropland, nursery, sod, Christmas trees, maple trees tapped, summerfallow and pasture.
Non-workable land includes idle land, woodlots, tree-windbreaks, bush, lawns, ponds, bogs, marshes, sloughs, buffer zones and land where farm buildings are located (e.g., residence, greenhouse, mushroom houses, farmhouse, barns, livestock facilities).
Net area of this operation
(Total land area owned, leased, rented, crop-shared or used)
minus (land area used by others)
Report on this area throughout this questionnaire.
The Census of Agriculture covers various agricultural activities in Canada. Therefore, some questions in this survey may apply to this operation, while others may not. The following questions will help identify the sections of this survey that should be answered by this operation.
Each agricultural product should be reported in only one category.
Do not report products grown solely for home or personal use.
13. On May 14, 2024, are any mushrooms grown on this operation for sale?
Exclude wild mushrooms.
14. In 2024, were any maple trees tapped on this operation?
Include only taps made on maple trees.
Exclude maple production for home or personal use.
15. In 2024, are sod, nursery products or Christmas trees grown on this operation for sale?
Include ornamental tree seedlings not grown in a greenhouse.
Exclude:
16. In 2024, are any agricultural products grown in a greenhouse on this operation for sale?
Include environments where temperature, relative humidity, carbon dioxide (CO2) or light are controlled, such as:
Exclude:
17. In 2024, are any fruits, berries or nuts grown on this operation for sale?
Include:
18. In 2024, are any field vegetables grown on this operation for sale?
Include:
Exclude potatoes, dry field peas, all dry beans, corn for grain or silage and herbs for essential oil industries (report in hay and field crops section).
19. In 2024, are any hay or field crops grown on this operation?
Include:
Exclude:
20. On May 14, 2024, does this operation own any honeybees or other pollinating bees (e.g., leafcutter, blue orchard, bumble)?
Include bees owned, regardless of location.
Exclude honey production for home or personal use.
21. In 2024, are there any poultry (chickens, turkeys, geese, ducks or other poultry) on this operation?
Include:
Exclude poultry owned by this operation but kept on an operation operated by someone else.
22. In 2023, were any chickens or turkeys raised for production of meat or produced on this operation for sale?
Exclude chickens and turkeys produced for personal use.
23. In 2023, were any eggs produced on this operation for sale?
Exclude eggs for personal use.
24. In 2023, was there a commercial poultry hatchery located on this operation?
Include:
25. In 2024, are there any livestock (cattle or calves, pigs, sheep or lambs, horses, or other livestock) on this operation?
Include:
Exclude animals owned by this operation but kept on a farm, ranch, or feedlot operated by someone else.
26. In 2024, does this operation produce any organic products for sale?
28. In 2024, what is the area on this operation of each of the following hay or field crops?
For two or more crops that will be harvested from the same land in 2024, report each crop and split the area evenly between each crop.
Include:
Exclude summerfallow, pasture, woodlands and other land (report in land use section).
For smaller areas decimals are permitted.
e.g., an operation grows 7 1/3 acres of spring wheat, this area would be reported as 7.33
Exclude fresh lima beans (report in field vegetable section).
Hemp
Other field crops
e.g., spelt, tobacco, hops, quinoa, coriander, herbs for essential oil industries and field grown cut flowers
Exclude bulbs (report in sod, nursery products and Christmas trees section).
Total area of hay and field crops
29. In 2024, what is the area of each of the following field vegetables on this operation for sale?
Report the areas only once, even if more than one field vegetable will be grown in the same area. For double-cropping or inter-cropping, report each vegetable and split the area evenly between each vegetable.
Include:
For smaller areas decimals are permitted.
e.g., an operation grows a 1/4 acre of sweet corn for sale, this area would be reported as: 0.25
Asparagus - non-producing
Other field vegetables
e.g., melons, sweet potatoes, eggplant, lima beans (fresh-processing), herbs (exclude herbs for essential oil industries - report in hay and field crops section)
Total area of field vegetables
30. In 2024, what is the total area of each of the following fruits, berries or nuts on this operation for sale?
Include:
For smaller areas decimals are permitted.
e.g., an operation grows a 1/4 acre of apples for sale, this area would be reported as: 0.25
Hazelnuts
Other fruits, berries and nuts
e.g., blackberries, sea buckthorn, walnuts, gooseberries
Total area of fruits, berries and nuts
31. In 2024, what is the area of sod, nursery products or Christmas trees grown on this operation for sale?
Include ornamental tree seedlings not grown in a greenhouse.
Exclude:
Exclude field grown cut flowers (report under other field crops in the hay and field crops section).
32. For the workable and non-workable land reported in question 12, what is the net area used for each of the following?
Exclude land used by others.
Total net area
This total should equal the net area reported in question 12.
33. For the summerfallow, what is the area on which each of the following forms of weed control will be used in 2024?
34. In 2024, what is the area on which the following tillage and seeding practices will be used on land seeded or to be seeded?
Include the area that was prepared last fall or this spring.
Exclude land in summerfallow this year.
35. In 2023, did this operation use the following land practices?
Include fall seeded crops that are grazed, harvested for forage, or left to dry on the field in the spring prior to reseeding, e.g., red clover.
Exclude fall seeded crops that are harvested for grain, e.g., winter wheat.
36. Does this operation have any shelterbelts or windbreaks (natural or planted)?
Include shelterbelts and windbreaks around any workable land, as well as around lanes, farm buildings and yards.
37. In 2023, what was the area of this operation from which crop residue (straw, stover, stalks) was baled for bedding or sale?
Include residue from small grains, oilseeds and corn stalks.
Exclude hay, corn silage and other forages.
OR
38. In 2023, did this agricultural operation use any treated seeds, herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, commercial fertilizers, lime, trace minerals and nutrients, or manure?
Exclude:
39. In 2023, what was the area on which each of the following inputs or manure were used on this operation?
The same area can be reported for more than one input, but for each input, report land areas only once, even if there was more than one application in 2023.
Exclude mushroom areas and greenhouse areas.
40. In 2023, was an irrigation system used on this operation to apply water on land?
Include all methods of irrigation (e.g., pivot, sprinklers, surface, side rolls, wheel rolls, drip).
Exclude mushroom areas and greenhouse areas.
41. On May 14, 2024, what is the total growing area for Agaricus mushrooms?
Include Agaricus mushrooms grown for sale using beds, shelves, trays or other types of production systems.
Unit of measure
Total area on May 14, 2024
42. On May 14, 2024, what types of production systems does this operation use for specialty mushroom production?
Select all that apply.
43. On May 14, 2024, what are the number and dimensions of the bags and natural wood logs for specialty mushrooms?
Exclude:
If sizes vary, estimate the average dimensions.
For smaller dimensions decimals are permitted.
| Number | Unit of Measure | Length | Width | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| a. Bags |
|
|||
| b. Natural wood logs |
|
44. On May 14, 2024, what is the total growing area of other production systems used for specialty mushrooms?
Include beds, trays, forest floor (exclude wild forest floor mushrooms).
Exclude:
Unit of measure
Total area on May 14, 2024
45. In 2024, what is the total greenhouses area in which agricultural products are grown for sale?
Include environments where temperature, relative humidity, carbon dioxide (CO2) or light are controlled, such as:
Exclude:
Unit of measure
Total area in 2024
46. On May 14, 2024, what is the greenhouse area on this operation for each of the following agricultural products?
Report using the same unit of measure as reported in question 45 (above).
Total area of greenhouse fruits and vegetables
Other products grown in a greenhouse
e.g., ornamental tree seedlings, cuttings, bedding plants, transplants or plugs (ornamental or vegetable)
Specify other products
Begin entering the name of the other products by typing the first few letters to narrow down the choices or enter your own answer.
47. In the spring of 2024, what was the total number of taps made on maple trees?
Include only taps made on maple trees.
Exclude maple production for home or personal use.
Number of taps in 2024
48. On May 14, 2024, how many live colonies of honeybees (used for honey production or pollination) are owned by this operation?
Include bees owned, regardless of location.
Exclude honey production for home or personal use.
Number of colonies on May 14, 2024
49. On May 14, 2024, how many other pollinating bees (e.g., leafcutter, blue orchard, bumble) are owned by this operation?
Unit of measure
Number on May 14, 2024
You have indicated that there is poultry on this operation.
Throughout the questions on poultry, report only the poultry on this operation. If you own poultry that is kept on someone else's operation, do not report it on this questionnaire.
If this operation is undergoing a rest period between two flocks on May 14, 2024, please enter "0" for each type of poultry.
50. On May 14, 2024, how many of the following poultry are on this operation, regardless of ownership, including those raised under contract?
Include poultry for sale and poultry for personal use.
Exclude poultry owned by this operation but kept on an operation operated by someone else.
Total hens and chickens on May 14, 2024
Specify other poultry 1
Begin entering the name of the other poultry by typing the first few letters to narrow down the choices or enter your own answer.
Specify other poultry 2
Begin entering the name of the other poultry by typing the first few letters to narrow down the choices or enter your own answer.
Specify other poultry 3
Begin entering the name of the other poultry by typing the first few letters to narrow down the choices or enter your own answer.
51. In 2023, what was the total production of chicken on a live weight basis?
Include only chickens produced for sale.
Exclude:
Unit of measure
Production of broilers, roasters and Cornish in 2023 (total live weight)
52. In 2023, what was the total production of turkey on a live weight basis?
Include only turkeys produced for sale.
Exclude turkeys for personal use.
Unit of measure
Production of turkeys in 2023 (total live weight)
53. In 2023, how many dozens of table eggs were produced on this operation for sale?
Exclude eggs for personal use.
Dozens of table eggs in 2023
54. In 2023, how many dozens of hatching eggs were produced on this operation for sale?
Exclude eggs for personal use.
Dozens of hatching eggs in 2023
55. In 2023, how many chicks or other poultry were hatched?
Include:
Number of birds hatched in 2023
You have indicated that there is livestock on this operation.
Throughout the questions on livestock (cattle or calves, pigs, sheep or lamb, or other livestock), report only the livestock on this operation. If you own livestock that is kept on someone else's operation, do not report it on this questionnaire.
If this operation has zero head of a type of livestock on May 14, 2024, please enter "0" for that type of livestock.
56. On May 14, 2024, how many of the following cattle and calves are on this operation, regardless of ownership?
Include:
Exclude animals owned by this operation but kept on a farm, ranch, or feedlot operated by someone else.
Total cattle and calves on May 14, 2024
57. On May 14, 2024, how many of the following pigs are on this operation, regardless of ownership?
Include all pigs on this operation, regardless of ownership, including those that are boarded, custom fed or fed under contract.
Exclude pigs under contract and kept on a farm or ranch operated by someone else.
Total pigs on May 14, 2024
58. On May 14, 2024, how many of the following sheep or lambs are on this operation, regardless of ownership?
Include:
Exclude sheep and lambs under contract and kept on a farm or ranch operated by someone else.
Total sheep and lambs on May 14, 2024
59. On May 14, 2024, how many of the following other livestock are on this operation, regardless of ownership?
Include:
Exclude animals owned by this operation but kept on a farm, ranch, or feedlot operated by someone else.
Other livestock
e.g., wild boars, fox, chinchillas
Specify other livestock 1
Begin entering the name of the other livestock by typing the first few letters to narrow down the choices or enter your own answer.
Specify other livestock 2
Begin entering the name of the other livestock by typing the first few letters to narrow down the choices or enter your own answer.
Specify other livestock 3
Begin entering the name of the other livestock by typing the first few letters to narrow down the choices or enter your own answer.
60. In 2023, were the following technologies used on this operation?
Include work done by others on this operation.
| Yes | No | |
|---|---|---|
|
a. Automated guidance steering systems (auto-steer) on farm equipment Include GPS-based tractor systems for vehicle navigation and control. |
||
|
b. Geographic Information System mapping (GIS) e.g., soil quality mapping, yield mapping, NDVI mapping |
||
|
c. Variable-rate input application Include variable-rate seeders, sprayers and fertilizer applications. |
||
|
d. Drones |
||
|
e. Soil sample test |
||
|
f. Enhanced efficiency fertilizers e.g., slow release fertilizers, controlled release fertilizers, nitrification inhibitors and urease inhibitors |
||
|
g. Electronic feed monitoring system |
||
|
h. Fully-robotic milkers i.e., minimal intervention required |
||
|
i. Robotic greenhouse equipment e.g., spraying robots, robotic planters or harvesters |
61. In 2024, which of the following types of renewable energy are produced on this operation, regardless of ownership?
Renewable energy is energy obtained from natural resources that can be naturally replenished or renewed within a human lifespan, that is, the resource is a sustainable source of energy.
Include renewable energy produced for use on this operation or for sale to others.
Exclude petroleum (gas or diesel) and coal products.
Select all that apply.
62. In 2024, for which of the following purposes is renewable energy produced on this operation?
Include all renewable energy produced on this operation, regardless of ownership.
Select all that apply.
63. What is the estimated present market value of land, buildings, and fixed equipment on this operation?
Include:
Exclude:
Present market value
Rounded to the nearest CAN$
64. On May 14, 2024, what is the number and present market value of the following farm vehicles, machinery and equipment that are owned or leased by this operation?
Include all farm vehicles, machinery and equipment that are owned or leased by this operation or jointly with a different operation.
Exclude:
Example: An operation owns one combine, valued at $100,000, and shares ownership of another combine, valued at $60,000, equally with another operation. These two combines would be reported as follows:
| Number of farm vehicles, machinery and equipment owned or leased | Present market value Rounded to the nearest CAN$ |
|
|---|---|---|
|
a. Pick-ups, cargo vans, cars and other passenger vehicles used in the farm business |
||
| b. Tractors | ||
|
b1. Under 60 p.t.o. hp. Include garden tractors, ATVs, etc. |
||
|
b2. 60 - 149 p.t.o. hp. |
||
|
b3. 150 - 249 p.t.o. hp. |
||
|
b4. Over 249 p.t.o. hp. |
||
|
c. Other farm trucks |
||
|
d. Grain combines and swathers |
||
|
e. Forage harvesters, balers, mower-conditioners |
||
|
f. Tillage, cultivation, seeding and planting equipment |
||
|
g. Irrigation equipment |
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h. All other farm vehicles, machinery and equipment not reported above e.g., sprayers, wagons, manure spreaders, portable grinder-mixers, elevators, dryers, other harvesting equipment, Christmas tree balers, skid steers, flat-decks, trailers |
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Total present market value of all farm vehicles, machinery and equipment |
65. In 2023, did this operation sell any edible agricultural products directly to consumers for human consumption?
Include sales directly at a market or on farm.
Exclude:
66. In 2023, which of the following edible products were sold directly to consumers for human consumption?
Select all that apply.
67. In 2023, which of the following methods were used to sell edible agricultural products directly to consumers for human consumption?
Include sales directly at a market or on farm.
Exclude:
Select all that apply.
Specify other methods
Begin entering the name of the other methods by typing the first few letters to narrow down the choices or enter your own answer.
68. In 2023, what percentage of the total operating revenues was from the sale of edible agricultural products directly to consumers for human consumption?
Exclude:
Percentage
_______ (%)
69. On May 14, 2024, does this operation have a written succession plan?
A written succession plan, also referred to as a transition plan, is a formalized plan and agreement that details the orderly transfer of the farm business from the current owners and operators to the future owners and operators. A written succession plan contains three main elements:
A will is not a written succession plan, unless it includes the three main elements noted above.
Types of successors
Select all that apply.
70. Statistics Canada may need to contact the person who completed this questionnaire for further information.
Is the contact person provided in question 2 the best person to contact?
Who is the best person to contact about this questionnaire?
71. We invite your comments about this questionnaire.
Social Inclusion Framework for Ethnocultural Groups in Canada (PDF, 1.06 MB)
The title of this infosheet is "Social inclusion Framework for Ethnocultural Groups in Canada."
The content of this infosheet is presented under the "Social Inclusion Statistics—Ethnocultural Groups" banner and is divided into two sections.
The first section presents the following three pieces of information:
The second section of the infosheet, titled "Social Inclusion Framework for Ethnocultural Groups in Canada—Themes and indicators," displays 11 textboxes, each of which includes the title of the theme, an icon and a list of the social inclusion indicators. The number of indicators listed in each textbox varies depending on the theme.
Participation in the labour market
The textbox titled "Participation in the labour market" includes an icon illustrating three tradespeople and lists the following indicators:
Representation in decision-making positions
The textbox titled "Representation in decision-making positions" includes an icon illustrating a person at the centre of four outgoing arrows and includes the following indicator:
Civic engagement and political participation
The text box titled "Civic engagement and political participation" includes an icon illustrating four hands on top of one another and lists the following indicators:
The text box titled "Basic needs and housing" includes an icon illustrating a house and lists the following indicators:
The textbox titled "Health and well-being" includes an icon illustrating a person in a meditation position and lists the following indicators:
The textbox titled "Income and wealth" includes an icon illustrating a wallet with money and lists the following indicators:
Social connections and personal networks
The textbox titled "Social connections and personal networks" includes an icon illustrating a network of people connected to each other by lines and lists the following indicators:
Education and skills development
The textbox titled "Education and skills development" includes an icon illustrating a graduation cap on a book and lists the following indicators:
Institutions and public services
The textbox titled "Institutions and public services" includes an icon illustrating a heritage building and lists the following indicators:
The textbox titled "Local community" includes an icon illustrating a neighbourhood and lists the following indicators:
Discrimination and victimization
The textbox titled "Discrimination and victimization" includes an icon illustrating an unequal balance and lists the following indicators:
To begin a project with the B-LFE, you can either initiate a cost-recovery project with the B-LFE team at Statistics Canada or submit a research proposal through the Data Access Division.
These are the steps to initiate a cost-recovery project with the Business - Linkable File Environment team:
Step 1: Meet with Statistics Canada to discuss your information needs.
Step 2: Receive and peruse data dictionaries to identify variables of interest.
Step 3: Follow the project proposal process.
Step 4: Sign a letter of agreement.
Step 5: Work with Statistics Canada throughout the project cycle.
Step 6: Receive the transferred tables and reports.
The B-LFE team provides support to stakeholders and external clients by working with them to define the variables based on their topic of interest. Once defined, the variables from the appropriate linkable files are extracted as datasets that can be used for research purposes, impact studies or the production of customized tables.
For more information on these services, contact us by email at infostats@statcan.gc.ca or statcan.elfe-eefc.statcan@statcan.gc.ca.
These are the steps to submit a research proposal for access to the Business - Linkable File Environment through the Data Access Division:
Step 1: Create a detailed research proposal based on the data dictionary.
Step 2: Submit the application via the Microdata Access Portal.
Step 3: If approved, become a deemed employee.
Step 4: The B-LFE team will prepare the customized microdata extraction for the Data Access Division.
Step 5: Work with Statistics Canada throughout the project cycle.
Step 6: Receive the analysis and output vetted by Statistics Canada before releasing.
For more details related to access, please see Access to microdata.
Examples of programs using the Business - Linkable File Environment
Examples of products and applications of the Business - Linkable File Environment
Advantages
How it works: The power of microdata linkage
Data sources
Confidentiality
Cost-recovery services
Data integration for better insights: The ongoing development of the B-LFE is focused on supporting research and analysis concerning the financial and economic situation of Canadian businesses, as well as overcoming data fragmentation by linking existing microdata resources, including the characteristics of business owners and employees.
Alleviating response burden: Using record linkages allows the B-LFE to harness existing data holdings at Statistics Canada to bring together administrative and survey data and therefore reduce the need for surveys, reducing in turn response burden and costs.
Effective linkage processes: Processing systems are set up to effectively match businesses to their individual records in administrative and survey sources to provide accuracy and consistency.
Statistics Canada recognizes the power of microdata linkages for a multitude of statistical purposes, as well as to provide statistical information in aggregate or anonymous format in support of research studies.
The B-LFE makes full use of this powerful statistical method by combining a multitude of business data sources for longitudinal and cross-sectional analysis. The B-LFE can also be used to connect external microdata, such as a list of businesses receiving support for a federal program, to a vast collection of business surveys and administrative data. In this way, the B-LFE can be used by agencies and departments to produce their own evaluation and departmental analytical frameworks.
Through a linkage process, the B-LFE leverages the single-subject ability of existing surveys and administrative data to illuminate business and economic issues. It positions these surveys and administrative data to support longitudinal and cross-sectional analysis and offers the opportunity to use additional variables to assess entrepreneurship, productivity and competitiveness.
The B-LFE is part of a broader system of linkage environments, which include the Social Data Linkage Environment, for social data, as well as the Linkable Open Data Environment, which brings together open microdata.
For a list of all B-LFE data sources, see Data sources and methodology.
Statistics Canada is prohibited by law from releasing any information it collects that could identify any person, business, or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent or as permitted by the Statistics Act.
Analytical and research results and custom tables generated from the B-LFE are carefully reviewed before release to ensure all confidentiality and disclosure rules are respected.
Access to the entirety of the B-LFE is restricted to authorized Statistics Canada employees who are either maintaining the B-LFE, constructing research datasets or producing tables.
Custom statistical services using the B-LFE are offered on a cost-recovery basis to Canadian organizations. Custom statistical services are implemented through cost-recovery projects intended to produce specific outputs, such as custom tabulations, feasibility studies, econometric analysis or data linkages. For more information on these services, contact us by email at infostats@statcan.gc.ca or statcan.elfe-eefc.statcan@statcan.gc.ca.
PDF Version (PDF, 354.53 KB)
Sexual and Reproductive Health Initiative
The 2021 Canadian federal budget recognized the need for nationally representative data on sexual and reproductive health to better inform and support programs and policies. There are currently no existing comprehensive data on a wide range of sexual and reproductive health indicators in Canada. The budget designated $7.6 million in funding over five years to Statistics Canada to develop and implement a national survey on sexual and reproductive health, with a focus on supporting women's health. Better information will help government and non-governmental organizations monitor, plan, implement and evaluate programs to improve the sexual and reproductive health of women and the efficiency of health services.
To ensure that the information collected remains relevant for the people and organizations that use it, Statistics Canada embarked on a broad engagement process with stakeholders and data users.
A program with an emphasis on sexual and reproductive health was a new area of focus for Statistics Canada. To ensure the relevancy of the initiative, Statistics Canada conducted extensive engagement activities with diverse data users, stakeholders and interested parties across Canada to understand the type of information that should be available through the initiative and how the data could be used.
The objectives of the engagement activities were to
Engagement activities with partners and stakeholders—which included federal, provincial and territorial governments; advocacy and civil society organizations; clinicians; administrators; medical and service delivery organizations; and academic researchers—took place between December 2021 and June 2022. Feedback was collected in three phases: virtual meetings with federal partners and non-governmental stakeholders; email submissions from partners, stakeholders, and data users and providers; and small-group virtual discussions with data users.
PHASE 1: Virtual meetings with partners and stakeholders
Statistics Canada began by engaging with federal partners and non-governmental stakeholders to inform them about the Sexual and Reproductive Health Initiative and to learn about their information needs for sexual and reproductive health. Virtual meetings were held in December 2021 to inform these stakeholders of broader engagement activities. These partners and stakeholders also helped identify additional people and groups, both governmental and non-governmental, for the second phase of engagement activities.
PHASE 2: Email submissions from partners, stakeholders, and data users and providers
The email submission phase was conducted between December 2021 and January 2022 to understand the information needs in relation to sexual and reproductive health from a broad perspective.
An open-ended engagement document was sent to partners and stakeholders. Partners and stakeholders were encouraged to forward the email to their networks and partners. Statistics Canada received feedback from about 40 different organizations. To gain an understanding of specific information needs and existing sources of information, participants were asked:
PHASE 3: Virtual group discussions with data users
Email participants, their networks and partners were invited to participate in small-group discussions to identify priority topics for the Sexual and Reproductive Health Initiative. The discussions were held between March 2022 and June 2022.
The types of feedback sought from the discussions included:
Discussions were organized around the broad topics that came out of the virtual meetings and email submissions. The seven broad topics were:
Statistics Canada also reached out to stakeholders to participate in sessions with a specific focus on Indigenous peoples, people with disabilities, racialized groups, 2SLGBTQI+ people, youth and seniors.
Overall, the engagement activities generated close to 400 information needs. The engagement activities were not meant to prioritize information needs but rather identify key information needs from a wide range of stakeholders and data users. The following key information needs, in no particular order, were identified.
Equity was a recurring theme across all engagement activities. As one participant stated, "Equity is a spectrum—what serves the majority of the population is not enough. Sexual and reproductive health is subjective to each person, community and culture." Partners and stakeholders indicated a need for information about sexual and reproductive health, including gender, age, socioeconomic status, disability, sexual orientation, education, Indigenous groups, racialized groups, immigrant status and geographical location, to better understand differences between and among groups.
There was agreement across the engagement activities that knowledge about sexual and reproductive health would help in the development of healthy attitudes and practices towards sexual and reproductive health and facilitate conversations with health care professionals, sexual partners and families about sexuality, gender identity, and other sexual and reproductive health needs.
Feedback indicated a need for information about access to comprehensive sexuality education. This included information on the breadth of sexual and reproductive health topics taught in schools (for example, the treatment, management and prevention of STBBIs; pregnancy prevention; and healthy sexuality). Participants also noted that culturally relevant sexuality education can help provide diverse perspectives and non-judgmental information. Participants raised concerns about misinformation around sexual and reproductive health and the sources people use to obtain information.
Participants stated that information is needed about physical, mental, social and economic experiences related to menstruation, perimenopause and menopause. It is important to understand the different reproductive stages and the impact on the daily lives of girls and women.
Information needs around menstruation included the age of menarche, as it marks the start of reproductive years. Participants stated that young women need better information before the start of menarche. This includes what is happening to their bodies, the types of products they can use, options for the management of menstrual pain, knowledge about pregnancy prevention and contraception, the prevention of sexually transmitted infections, and healthy sexuality.
Period poverty was seen as a contributing factor to reduced physical and social well-being of girls and women. Access to quality menstrual products was thought to be key to participating in school, work, home and leisure activities.
In relation to menopause, participants identified a need for information about the symptoms of perimenopause, the age of onset of menopause and whether the onset of menopause was natural or surgical. Menopause marks the end of the reproductive years and may be accompanied by physical, emotional and sexual changes. Understanding how perimenopausal and menopausal symptoms are experienced will help to understand the physical, mental, social and financial impact that menopause can have on women.
Participants mentioned that to identify health challenges related to sexual and reproductive health, women and health care providers need to be informed about what is normal and what is not normal in relation to symptoms of menstruation, perimenopause and menopause. Participants highlighted that too often women's symptoms of poor health are attributed to menstruation, perimenopause or menopause, and underlying conditions are not diagnosed. It was pointed out that women suffer through symptoms such as pain, excess bleeding, night sweats, memory loss and vaginal dryness rather than find a way to manage the symptoms or seek help from a health care provider.
Many participants stated that pain has been normalized across the lifespan for women and often prevents treatment. Women's experiences of both physical and emotional pain need to be validated and better treatment options offered.
Access to medical treatment rather than surgical intervention was another area of concern that participants pointed out. For example, many perimenopausal women may have hysterectomies rather than medical treatment such as the use of hormonal intrauterine devices because of costs. Surgical interventions are often pursued because of lack of coverage for medical treatment.
Participants spoke about the importance of data on maternal health, in particular maternal mortality and morbidity, pregnancy and childbirth, and access and barriers to receiving care during pregnancy. To track progress towards a more equitable health care system, it is important to have data available by Indigenous and racialized identity, care provider, geography, sexual orientation, and gender.
It was noted that data on alcohol and drug use during pregnancy were needed to understand what type of support and programs are required to help prevent negative maternal and fetal health outcomes, preterm birth, and fetal loss.
Nutrition during pregnancy was also of interest, in particular, to examine food insecurity. Knowing the prevalence and severity of food insecurity during pregnancy can help to inform policies and identify resources required for women who are pregnant. Participants also emphasized the importance of access to traditional foods for First Nations people, Métis and Inuit, as lack of access to these foods adds to Indigenous people's experiences of food insecurity and may negatively impact their spiritual, emotional, physical and mental well-being.
Participants also emphasized that services such as fertility treatments and in vitro fertilization can help same-sex couples, couples dealing with infertility and people wishing to have a child without a partner. Cost can be a barrier to accessing these services. Information on the need for, use of and accessibility of these services can help when making program and policy decisions.
Participants mentioned that people should be given the means to time their pregnancies and space their children to avoid unintended pregnancy and childbirth. Data are needed to determine rates of unintended pregnancy to help inform policy, program development and monitoring. Better information about unintended pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes will help to inform understanding of the relationship of these experiences to social, ecological and behavioural determinants of health. Information about the use and accessibility of care, medications and procedures for abortions, miscarriages, stillbirths and ectopic or tubal pregnancies will help to better understand issues related to accessing services, such as cost, wait times and distance travelled.
Access and barriers to, and knowledge and use of, birth control were frequently mentioned by participants. Participants stated that access to contraception should be an informed choice. Women should be able to choose the type of contraception that is best suited to their needs rather than choosing no method or cheaper methods. Participants felt that there is a lack of information and knowledge about different types of contraception and the correct use of contraception. Some participants asserted that most policies focus on women's ability to breed the next generation rather than women having the choice of when and how to become pregnant.
Information needs around awareness, use and accessibility of emergency contraception were also identified.
There were numerous information needs related to sexual behaviours. Sexual behaviours were regarded as a key indicator of sexual and reproductive health.
Participants noted that the age at first sexual experience and whether the experience was wanted or not can impact long-term sexual behaviour and well-being, as they can be associated with engaging in unprotected sex or being a victim of sexual abuse and can potentially lead to pregnancy. Participants discussed that information is needed on diverse sexual behaviours to better understand the prevalence of various sexual behaviours and the impact they have on sexual health outcomes.
Several participants expressed that while people with disabilities are sexual beings, their sexual and reproductive health needs have been disregarded. More information is needed to understand sexual and reproductive health care needs and barriers among people with disabilities to help support education, training, policies and programs.
Stress and anxiety around sexual performance were considered an important topic to many participants as they relate to sexual behaviour and sexual well-being. Additionally, information is needed to understand the impact of changes in sexual and reproductive health on mental health over the life cycle and the impact they may have on overall quality of life.
Participants emphasized that understanding healthy sexual functioning can reduce societal stigma and shame about sexual difficulties and empower people to seek treatment. It was further mentioned that data are needed on sexual satisfaction and pleasure, the ability to communicate about sexual needs and desires, and erectile dysfunction and other sexual difficulties. Additionally, information on the use of substances or medications for engaging in sexual activity can help to understand the impact they have on sexual behaviour and the enjoyment of sexual activity.
Participants explained that there is very little Canadian data on the prevalence of transactional sex (exchange of sex for money, favours or goods), the use of sexual assistive technology like vibrators for sexual activity, and the use of and increased access to pornography.
Participants highlighted that new trends may be emerging in the digital era. It is important to understand the impact of digital technology on sexual behaviours and relationships. Participants discussed the growth in using digital technology to find new sexual and romantic partners and initiate sexual experiences. Participants highlighted the need for more information about digital technologies in relation to sexual isolation, sexual satisfaction and sexual identity.
Participants expressed that aging should not be seen as a barrier to having a healthy sex life. Feedback included that there are many social stigmas attached to women as they age and are no longer fertile. However, this is a stage in life where there are fewer barriers for women; for example, there is no longer a need to worry about pregnancy.
Participants noted the need for information to help educate women as they age about the risks of sexually transmitted infections despite no longer requiring birth control to prevent pregnancies. Education should also include understanding symptoms such as vaginal dryness, hot flashes, sleep disturbances and changes to cognitive functioning and options for available treatments. Participants indicated that healthy sexual activity is still important as women age, and information is needed to promote their overall physical and emotional well-being.
Experiences of sexual violence were an important issue for many participants. They stated that sexual violence can impact physical, mental and sexual health.
Participants expressed the need for information on unreported sexual assaults and on the availability of support services for sexual and reproductive health healing after experiencing sexual violence.
Participants also discussed the need for information about forced and coerced sterilization. Data are needed on the scope, severity and health outcomes among marginalized and vulnerable groups, for example, Indigenous women, people with disabilities and racialized groups.
Participants also identified a need for information on the health outcomes of women and girls who have experienced female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C). It was noted that this practice is recognized internationally as having physical and obstetric health complications, as well as psychological consequences. Determining whether the health outcomes of immigrant women and girls from FGM/C-practising countries differ from those of their counterparts from other countries can help inform health care providers of the unique health care needs of this group.
Participants stated that information is needed to examine rates and determinants of health conditions affecting female sexual and reproductive health (e.g., pelvic organ prolapse, fibroids, endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome) and male sexual and reproductive health (e.g., ejaculation disorders, infertility). Other information needs included the prevalence of gynecological cancer; cancer treatments; and reproductive surgeries such as hysterectomy, removal of ovaries and vasectomy. Participants indicated that better information is needed on the impact these conditions and surgeries can have on overall sexual and reproductive health.
Participants indicated that STBBIs and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) impact overall health, and the stigma and judgment of diagnoses can also impact one's social life. Data on STBBIs can support guidelines and can help to detect emerging trends of infections in the population. Participants further explained that information about access to testing, treatment and support for STBBIs, including preferred treatment and services such as self-test kits, can help identify and assess potential barriers and opportunities for new testing, treatment and prevention methods. A need for additional information on the use of pre-exposure prophylaxis and post-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention was also mentioned.
Information about urinary tract infections and yeast infections was also important to participants in understanding how these infections affect female reproductive health.
Access to a family doctor whom patients are comfortable with was one of the most important information needs mentioned. People seeking services can be influenced by having access to care that is safe; tailored to their culture, religion and personal needs; and free from language barriers. Participants also mentioned the importance of having good experiences of health care, as high quality of care can help prevent negative health outcomes and increase the likelihood of seeking care in the future.
Participants indicated that there is very limited information about differences in access to sexual and reproductive health services. It is important to have information about who is accessing sexual and reproductive health services, the type of services being accessed, and the experiences of those accessing these services. For example, 2SLGBTQI+ individuals are considered underserved and require equitable sexual and reproductive health services that reflect their needs.
Information about experiences of discrimination in a health care setting was also of interest to participants, as they mentioned that this information can help to examine systemic and intersecting barriers and racism. Whether people have access to health care providers via alternate methods such as virtual clinics was also mentioned, as some participants pointed out that it may help to alleviate some barriers to sexual and reproductive health services.
The Sexual and Reproductive Health Initiative received support across all engagement activities. Participants agreed that data on sexual and reproductive health are important to support policies and programs at all levels of government, including across ministries, such as health and education ministries, and across advocacy organizations and support services. There are a number of existing and emerging data gaps related to sexual and reproductive health. While understanding health disparities is highly relevant to decision makers, the required data are often not available to support and implement evidence-based policies and programs.
Statistics Canada would like to thank all participants for their involvement in the engagement activities. Their valuable insights have helped guide the development of the Sexual and Reproductive Health Initiative, including the development of the questionnaire for the first pan-Canadian sexual and reproductive health survey conducted by Statistics Canada. This survey is scheduled to begin data collection in fall 2024.
