Financial statements, March 31, 2022

Statement of Management Responsibility Including Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Responsibility for the integrity and objectivity of the accompanying financial statements for the year ended March 31, 2022, and all information contained in these statements rests with the management of Statistics Canada (the agency). These financial statements have been prepared by management using the Government of Canada's accounting policies, which are based on Canadian public sector accounting standards.

Management is responsible for the integrity and objectivity of the information in these financial statements. Some of the information in the financial statements is based on management's best estimates and judgment, and gives due consideration to materiality. To fulfill its accounting and reporting responsibilities, management maintains a set of accounts that provides a centralized record of the agency's financial transactions. Financial information submitted in the preparation of the Public Accounts of Canada, and included in the agency's Departmental Results Report, is consistent with these financial statements.

Management is also responsible for maintaining an effective system of internal control over financial reporting (ICFR) designed to provide reasonable assurance that financial information is reliable, that assets are safeguarded, and that transactions are properly authorized and recorded in accordance with the Financial Administration Act and other applicable legislation, regulations, authorities and policies.

Management seeks to ensure the objectivity and integrity of data in its financial statements through careful selection, training and development of qualified staff; through organizational arrangements that provide appropriate divisions of responsibility; through communication programs aimed at ensuring that regulations, policies, standards, and managerial authorities are understood throughout the agency and through conducting an annual risk-based assessment of the effectiveness of the system of ICFR.

The system of ICFR is designed to mitigate risks to a reasonable level based on an ongoing process to identify key risks, to assess the effectiveness of associated key controls, and to make any necessary adjustments.

A risk-based assessment of the system of ICFR for the year ended March 31, 2022 was completed in accordance with the Treasury Board Policy on Financial Management and the results and action plans are summarized in the annex, which can be found at the end of the notes to these financial statements.

The effectiveness and adequacy of the agency's system of internal control is reviewed by the work of internal finance staff, who conduct periodic assessments of different areas of the agency's operations, and by the Departmental Audit Committee (DAC), who provide advice to the Chief Statistician on the adequacy and effectiveness of the agency's risk management, control and governance frameworks and processes.

The financial statements of Statistics Canada have not been audited.

Anil Arora
Chief Statistician

Ottawa, Canada
September 9, 2022

Ziad Shadid
Acting Chief Financial Officer

Ottawa, Canada
September 9, 2022

Statement of Financial Position (Unaudited)
As at March 31

(in thousands of dollars)
  2022 2021
Liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (note 4)
77,932 89,631
Vacation pay and compensatory leave
47,857 53,069
Deferred revenue (note 5)
67 149
Employee future benefits (note 6)
16,669 18,070
Total net liabilities 142,525 160,919
Financial assets
Due from Consolidated Revenue Fund
60,417 71,876
Accounts receivable and advances (note 7)
9,063 6,571
Total gross financial assets 69,480 78,447
Financial assets held on behalf of Government
Accounts receivable and advances (note 7)
-2,401 -1,305
Total Financial assets held on behalf of Government -2,401 -1,305
Total net financial assets 67,079 77,142
Departmental net debt 75,446 83,777
Non-financial assets
Prepaid expenses
5,686 7,934
Consumable supplies
1,723 1,931
Tangible capital assets (note 8)
163,499 160,365
Total non-financial assets 170,908 170,230
Departmental net financial position 95,462 86,453

Contractual obligations and contractual rights (note 9)
Contingent liabilities and contingent assets (note 10)

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.

Anil Arora
Chief Statistician

Ottawa, Canada
September 9, 2022

Ziad Shadid
Acting Chief Financial Officer

Ottawa, Canada
September 9, 2022

Statement of Operations and Departmental Net Financial Position (Unaudited)
For the Year Ended March 31

(in thousands of dollars)
  2022 Planned Results 2022 2021
Expenses
Statistical Information
977,075 1,003,974 763,439
Internal services
71,099 94,882 88,974
Total expenses 1,048,174 1,098,856 852,413
Revenues
Special statistical services
138,000 150,045 140,726
Other revenues
100 28 28
Revenues earned on behalf of Government
-18,100 -22,083 -20,507
Total revenues 120,000 127,990 120,247
Net cost of operations before government funding and transfers 928,174 970,866 732,166
Government funding and transfers
Net cash provided by Government of Canada
  891,098 603,079
Change in due from Consolidated Revenue Fund
  -11,459 16,003
Services provided without charge by other federal government departments (note 11a)
  100,165 92,622
Transfer of the transition payments for implementing salary payments in arrears
  0 -2
Transfer of assets to other federal government departments
  71 151
Net cost (revenue) of operations after government funding and transfers   -9,009 20,313
Departmental net financial position - Beginning of year   86,453 106,766
Departmental net financial position - End of year   95,462 86,453

Segmented information (note 12)

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.

Statement of Change in Departmental Net Debt (Unaudited)
For the Year Ended March 31

(in thousands of dollars)
  2022 2021
Net cost (revenue) of operations after government funding and transfers -9,009 20,313
Change due to tangible capital assets
Acquisition of tangible capital assets (note 8)
29,540 29,018
Amortization of tangible capital assets (note 8)
-26,209 -31,457
Net loss on disposal of tangible capital assets including adjustments
-197 -433
Transfer of tangible capital assets to other federal government departments
0 0
Total change due to tangible capital assets 3,134 -2,872
Change due to consumable supplies -208 370
Change due to prepaid expenses -2,248 2,083
Net increase (decrease) in departmental net debt -8,331 19,894
Departmental net debt - Beginning of year 83,777 63,883
Departmental net debt - End of year 75,446 83,777
The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.
Statement of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
For the Year Ended March 31

(in thousands of dollars)
  2022 2021
Operating activities
Net cost of operations before government funding and transfers 970,866 732,166
Non-cash items:
Amortization of tangible capital assets (note 8)
-26,209 -31,457
Loss on disposal of tangible capital assets
-197 -433
Services provided without charge by other federal government departments (note 11a)
-100,165 -92,622
Transfer of emergency salary advances to other federal government departments
-71 -152
Transition payments for implementing salary payments in arrears
0 2
Variations in Statement of Financial Position:
Increase (decrease) in accounts receivable and advances
1,397 -5,816
Increase (decrease) in prepaid expenses
-2,248 2,083
Increase (decrease) in consumable supplies
-208 370
Decrease (increase) in accounts payable and accrued liabilities
11,699 -14,600
Decrease (increase) in vacation pay and compensatory leave
5,212 -18,395
Decrease in deferred revenue
82 465
Decrease in employee future benefits
1,401 2,450
Cash used in operating activities 861,559 574,061
Capital investing activities
Acquisitions of tangible capital assets, excluding capital leases (note 8)
29,540 29,018
Cash used in capital investing activities 29,540 29,018
Financing activities
Payments of lease obligation for tangible capital assets
0 0
Cash used in financing activities 0 0
Net cash provided by Government of Canada 891,099 603,079

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these financial statements.

Notes to the Financial Statements (Unaudited)
For the Year Ended March 31

1. Authority and objectives

Statistics Canada (the agency) was established in 1918, pursuant to the Statistics Act. The agency received full departmental status by order-in-council in 1965.

The agency is a division of the public service named in Schedule I.1 of the Financial Administration Act. The minister responsible for Statistics Canada is the Minister of Innovation, Science and Economic Development, who represents the agency in Parliament and in Cabinet.

The agency's mandate derives primarily from the Statistics Act. The act requires the agency — under the direction of the minister — to collect, compile, analyze, and publish statistical information on the economic, social, and general conditions of the country and its citizens. Statistics Canada has a mandate to coordinate and manage the country's statistical system.

The agency's mandate has two primary objectives:

  • Provide statistical information and analysis of the economic and social structure and functioning of Canadian society as a basis for the development, operation and evaluation of public policies and programs. This information is used for public and private decision-making, and for the general benefit of all Canadians.
  • Promote the quality, coherence, and international comparability of Canada's statistics through collaboration with other federal departments and agencies, with the provinces and territories, and in accordance with sound scientific standards and practices.

The agency reports on the two core responsibilities described below.

Statistical information - The agency has a responsibility to produce objective high-quality statistical information for the whole of Canada. The statistical information produced relates to the commercial, industrial, financial, social, economic, environmental and general activities and conditions of the people of Canada.

Internal services - Internal services are groups of related activities and resources that are administered to support the needs of programs and other corporate obligations of an organization.

2. Summary of significant accounting policies

These financial statements have been prepared using the agency's accounting policies stated below, which are based on Canadian public sector accounting standards. The presentation and results using the stated accounting policies do not result in any significant differences from Canadian public sector accounting standards.

The significant accounting policies are as follows:

(a) Parliamentary authorities

The agency is financed by the Government of Canada through Parliamentary authorities. Financial reporting of authorities provided to the agency do not parallel financial reporting according to generally accepted accounting principles since authorities are primarily based on cash flow requirements. Consequently, items recognized in the Statement of Financial Position and in the Statement of Operations and Departmental Net Financial Position are not necessarily the same as those provided through authorities from Parliament. Note 3 provides a reconciliation between the bases of reporting. The planned results amounts in the "Expenses" and "Revenues" sections of the Statement of Operations and Departmental Net Financial Position are the amounts reported in the Future-oriented Statement of Operations included in the 2021-22 Departmental Plan. Planned results are not presented in the "Government funding and transfers" section of the Statement of Operations and Departmental Net Financial Position and in the Statement of Change in Departmental Net Debt because these amounts were not included in the 2021-22 Departmental Plan.

(b) Net cash provided by Government

The agency operates within the Consolidated Revenue Fund (CRF), which is administered by the Receiver General for Canada. All cash received by the agency is deposited into the CRF, and all cash disbursements made by the agency are paid from the CRF. The net cash provided by the Government is the difference between all cash receipts and all cash disbursements, including transactions between federal government departments.

(c) Amounts due from or to the CRF

Amounts due from or to the CRF are the result of timing differences at year-end between the time when a transaction affects authorities and when it is processed through the CRF. Amounts due from the CRF represent the net amount of cash that the agency is entitled to draw from the CRF without further authorities to discharge its liabilities.

(d) Revenues

  • Revenues received for special statistical services are recorded as deferred revenue upon receipt. These amounts are recognized as revenue in the period in which the services are rendered and related expenses are incurred.
  • Other revenues are recognized in the period the event giving rise to the revenues occurred.
  • Revenues that are non-respendable are not available to discharge the agency's liabilities. While the Chief Statistician; is expected to maintain accounting control, he has no authority regarding the disposition of non-respendable revenues. As a result, non-respendable revenues are considered to be earned on behalf of the Government of Canada and are therefore presented as a reduction of the entity's gross revenues.

(e) Expenses

  • Transfer payments are recorded as an expense in the year the transfer is authorized and all eligibility criteria have been met by the recipient.
  • Vacation pay and compensatory leave are accrued as the benefits are earned by employees under their respective terms of employment.
  • Services provided without charge by other federal government departments for accommodation, employer contributions to the health and dental insurance plans, and workers' compensation are recorded as operating expenses at their carrying value.

(f) Employee future benefits

  1. Pension benefits — Eligible employees participate in the Public Service Pension Plan, a multi-employer pension plan administered by the Government. The agency's contributions to the Plan are charged to expenses in the year incurred and represent the total departmental obligation to the Plan. The agency's responsibility with regard to the Plan is limited to its contributions. Actuarial surpluses or deficiencies are recognized in the financial statements of the Government of Canada, as the Plan's sponsor.
  2. Severance benefits — The accumulation of severance benefits for voluntary departures ceased for applicable employee groups. The remaining obligation for employees who did not withdraw benefits is calculated using information derived from the results of the actuarially determined liability for employee severance benefits for the Government as a whole.

(g) Accounts receivable

Accounts receivable are initially recorded at cost. When necessary, an allowance for valuation is recorded to reduce the carrying value of accounts receivable to amounts that approximate their net recoverable value.

(h) Non-financial assets

  • All tangible capital assets and leasehold improvements having an initial cost of $10,000 or more are recorded at their acquisition cost. Tangible capital assets do not include immovable assets located on reserves as defined in the Indian Act, works of art, museum collection and Crown land to which no acquisition cost is attributable; and intangible assets.
  • Consumable supplies include items held for future program delivery and are not intended for resale. These supplies are recorded at the acquisition cost. If there is no longer a service potential, the supplies are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value.

(i) Contingent liabilities

Contingent liabilities are potential liabilities which may become actual liabilities when one or more future events occur or fail to occur. If the future event is likely to occur or fail to occur, and a reasonable estimate of the loss can be made, a provision is accrued and an expense recorded to other expenses. If the likelihood is not determinable or an amount cannot be reasonably estimated, the contingency is disclosed in the notes to the financial statements.

(j) Contingent assets

Contingent assets are possible assets which may become actual assets when one or more future events occur or fail to occur. If the future even is likely to occur or fail to occur, the contingent asset is disclosed in the notes to the financial statements.

(k) Transactions involving foreign currencies

Transactions involving foreign currencies are translated into Canadian dollar equivalents using rates of exchange in effect at the time of those transactions. Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are reported on the Statement of Operations and Departmental Net Financial Position according to the activities to which they relate.

(l) Measurement uncertainty

The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported and disclosed amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes at March 31. The estimates are based on facts and circumstances, historical experience, general economic conditions and reflect the Government's best estimate of the related amount at the end of the reporting period. The most significant items where estimates are used are the liability for employee future benefits and the useful life of tangible capital assets. Actual results could significantly differ from those estimated. Management's estimates are reviewed periodically and, as adjustments become necessary, they are recorded in the financial statements in the year they become known.

(m) Related party transactions

Related party transactions, other than inter-entity transactions, are recorded at the exchange amount. Inter-entity transactions are transactions between commonly controlled entities. Inter-entity transactions, other than restructuring transactions, are recorded on a gross basis and are measured at the carrying amount, except for the following:

  1. Services provided on a recovery basis are recognized as revenues and expenses on a gross basis and measured at the exchange amount.
  2. Certain services received on a without charge basis are recorded for departmental financial statement purposes at the carrying amount.

3. Parliamentary authorities

The agency receives most of its funding through annual parliamentary authorities. Items recognized in the Statement of Operations and Departmental Net Financial Position and the Statement of Financial Position in one year may be funded through parliamentary authorities in prior, current, or future years. Accordingly, the agency has different net results of operations for the year on a government funding basis than on an accrual accounting basis. The differences are reconciled in the following tables:

(a) Reconciliation of net cost of operations to current year authorities used

Reconciliation of net cost of operations to current year authorities used
  2022 2021
(in thousands of dollars)
Net cost of operations before government funding and transfers 970,866 732,166
Adjustments for items affecting net cost of operations but not affecting authorities:
Amortization of tangible capital assets
-26,209 -31,457
Loss on disposal of tangible capital assets
-197 -433
Services provided without charge by other federal government departments
-100,165 -92,622
Decrease (increase) in vacation pay and compensatory leave
5,212 -18,394
Decrease in employee future benefits
1,401 2,450
Refund of prior years' expenditures
2,716 1,091
Increase in respendable revenues
398 0
Consumption of prepaid expenses
-12,285 -12,020
Consumption of supplies
-208 0
Bad debt expense
-1 -13
Increase in accrued salary receivable
864 195
Total items affecting net cost of operations but not affecting authorities
-128,474 -151,203
Adjustments for items not affecting net cost of operations but affecting authorities:
Acquisition of tangible capital assets, excluding capital leases
29,540 29,018
Decrease in respendable accounts receivable
0 -3,754
Acquisition of prepaid expenses
10,037 14,103
Acquisition of consumable supplies
0 370
Increase in salary receivable
1,378 513
Increase in salary advances
17 7
Transition payments for implementing salary payments in arrears
0 2
Payments for pay equity settlement
19 97
Total items not affecting net cost of operations but affecting authorities
40,991 40,356
Current year authorities used 883,383 621,319

(b) Authorities provided and used

Authorities provided and used
  2022 2021
(in thousands of dollars)
Authorities provided:
Vote 1 - Operating expenditures
854,035 588,445
Statutory amounts
90,714 83,531
Total authorities provided 944,749 671,976
Less:
Lapsed: Operating expenditures
-61,366 -50,657
Current year authorities used 883,383 621,319

4. Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

The following table presents details of the agency's accounts payable and accrued liabilities:

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities
  2022 2021
(in thousands of dollars)
Accounts payable - Other federal government departments and agencies 13,306 11,666
Accounts payable - External parties 30,238 41,672
Accrued salaries and wages 34,388 36,293
Total accounts payables and accrued liabilities 77,932 89,631

5. Deferred revenue

The agency has the authority to expend revenue received during the fiscal year. Deferred revenue represents the balance at year-end of unearned revenues stemming from amounts received from external parties, which are restricted for specific statistical services. Revenue is recognized in the period in which these expenditures are incurred or in which the service is performed. Details of the transactions related to this account are as follows:

Deferred revenue
  2022 2021
(in thousands of dollars)
Opening balance 149 614
Amount received 149,963 140,261
Revenues recognized -150,045 -140,726
Net closing balance 67 149

6. Employee future benefits

(a) Pension benefits

The agency's employees participate in the Public Service Pension Plan ("the Plan"), which is sponsored and administered by the Government of Canada. Pension benefits accrue up to a maximum period of 35 years at a rate of 2 percent per year of pensionable service, times the average of the best five consecutive years of earnings. The benefits are integrated with Canada/Québec Pension Plan benefits and they are indexed to inflation.

Both the employees and the agency contribute to the cost of the Plan. Due to the amendment of the Public Service Superannuation Act following the implementation of provisions related to Economic Action Plan 2012, employee contributors have been divided into two groups – Group 1 relates to existing plan members as of December 31, 2012, and Group 2 relates to members who joined the Plan as of January 1, 2013. Each group has a distinct contribution rate.

The 2021-2022 expense amounts to $61,274 thousand ($56,996 thousand in 2020-2021). For Group 1 members, the expense represents approximately 1.01 times (1.01 times in 2020-2021) the employee contributions and, for Group 2 members, approximately 1.00 times (1.00 times in 2020-2021) the employee contributions.

The agency's responsibility with regard to the Plan is limited to its contributions. Actuarial surpluses or deficiencies are recognized in the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Government of Canada, as the Plan's sponsor.

(b) Severance benefits

Severance benefits provided to the agency's employees were previously based on an employee's eligibility, years of service and salary at termination of employment. However, since 2011 the accumulation of severance benefits for voluntary departures progressively ceased for substantially all employees. Employees subject to these changes were given the option to be paid the full or partial value of benefits earned to date or collect the full or remaining value of benefits upon departure from the public service. By March 31, 2022, substantially all settlements for immediate cash out were completed. Severance benefits are unfunded and, consequently, the outstanding obligation will be paid from future authorities.

The changes in the obligations during the year were as follows:

Severance benefits
  2022 2021
(in thousands of dollars)
Accrued benefit obligation - Beginning of year 18,070 20,520
Expense or adjustment for the year 172 -380
Benefits paid during the year -1,573 -2,070
Accrued benefit obligation - End of year 16,669 18,070

7. Accounts receivable and advances

The following table presents details of the agency's accounts receivable and advances balances:

Accounts receivable and advances
  2022 2021
(in thousands of dollars)
Receivables - Other federal government departments and agencies 2,554 2,896
Receivables - External parties 6,194 3,501
Employees advances 317 174
Subtotal 9,065 6,571
Allowance for doubtful accounts on receivables from external parties -2 -1
Gross accounts receivable and advances 9,063 6,570
Accounts receivable held on behalf of Government -2,401 -1,305
Net accounts receivable and advances 6,662 5,265

8. Tangible capital assets

Amortization of tangible capital assets is done on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the asset as follows:

Amortization of tangible capital assets
Asset class Amortization period
Computer hardware 5 years
Computer software 5 years
Other equipment 5 years
Motor vehicles 7 years
Leasehold improvements 25 years
Assets under construction Once available for use
Software under development Once available for use

Assets under construction and software assets under development are recorded in the applicable asset class in the year that they become available for use and are not amortized until they are available for use.

Tangible capital assets
Capital Asset Class Cost Accumulated Amortization Net Book Value
Opening Balance Acquisitions Disposals and Write-Offs AdjustmentsFootnote 1 Closing Balance Opening Balance Amortization Disposals and Write-Offs AdjustmentsFootnote 1 Closing Balance 2022 2021
(in thousands of dollars)
Computer hardware 2,629 80 -518 0 2,191 2,181 128 -487 0 1,822 369 448
Computer software 345,377 1,865 -191 31,245 378,296 268,466 24,573 -85 0 292,953 85,342 76,911
Other equipment 4,166 68 -878 0 3,356 3,129 445 -839 0 2,736 621 1,037
Motor vehicles 2,849 0 -21 0 2,828 2,654 62 -21 0 2,695 133 195
Leasehold improvements 24,987 176 0 78 25,241 10,361 1,001 0 0 11,362 13,879 14,626
Assets under construction 207 404 0 -99 512 0 0 0 0 0 512 207
Software under development 66,941 26,947 0 -31,245 62,643 0 0 0 0 0 62,643 66,941
Total 447,156 29,540 -1,608 -21 475,067 286,791 26,209 -1,432 0 311,568 163,499 160,365
Footnote 1

Included in adjustments are the following: software assets under development of $31,245 thousand that were transferred to computer software upon completion of the assets; assets under construction of $78 thousand that were transferred to leasehold improvements upon completion of construction and $21 thousand that was expensed due to projects being cancelled.

Return to the first footnote 1 referrer

9. Contractual obligations and contractual rights

(a) Contractual obligations

The nature of the agency's activities may result in some large multi-year contracts and obligations whereby the agency will be obligated to make future payments when the services/goods are received. Significant contractual obligations that can be reasonably estimated are summarized as follows:

Contractual obligations
  2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 and subsequent Total
(in thousands of dollars)
Acquisition of goods and services 4,300 3,651 3,656 0 0 11,607
Total 4,300 3,651 3,656  0  0 11,607

(b) Contractual rights

The activities of the agency sometimes involve the negotiation of contracts or agreements with outside parties that result in the agency having rights to both assets and revenues in the future. They involve sales of goods and services. The agency does not have significant contractual rights to disclose as at March 31, 2022.

10. Contingent liabilities and contingent assets

(a) Contingent liabilities

Contingent liabilities arise in the normal course of operations and their ultimate disposition is unknown.

Claims and litigations

The agency records an allowance for claims and litigations where it is likely that there will be a future payment and a reasonable estimate of the loss can be made. In 2021-2022, the agency did not have any contingent liabilities.

(b) Contingent assets

The agency discloses contingent assets that are likely to be realized. In 2021-2022, the agency did not have any contingent assets.

11. Related party transactions

The agency is related as a result of common ownership to all government departments, agencies, and Crown corporations. Related parties also include individuals who are members of key management personnel or close family members of those individuals, and entities controlled by, or under shared control of, a member of key management personnel or a close family member of that individual.

The agency enters into transactions with these entities in the normal course of business and on normal trade terms.

(a) Common services provided without charge by other federal government departments

During the year, the agency received services without charge from certain common service organizations related to accommodation, the employer's contribution to the health and dental insurance plans and workers' compensation coverage. These services provided without charge have been recorded at the carrying value in the agency's Statement of Operations and Departmental Net Financial Position as follows:

Common services provided without charge by other federal government departments
  2022 2021
(in thousands of dollars)
Accommodation 42,077 43,549
Employer's contribution to the health and dental insurance plans 58,037 49,017
Worker's compensation 51 56
Total 100,165 92,622

The Government has centralized some of its administrative activities for efficiency, cost-effectiveness purposes and economic delivery of programs to the public. As a result, the Government uses central agencies and common service organizations so that one department performs services for all other departments and agencies without charge. The costs of these services, such as the payroll and cheque issuance services provided by Public Services and Procurement Canada and audit services provided by the Office of the Auditor General are not included in the agency's Statement of Operations and Departmental Net Financial Position.

(b) Other transactions with other federal government departments and agencies

Other transactions with other federal government departments and agencies
  2022 2021
(in thousands of dollars)
Accounts receivable 2,554 2,896
Accounts payable 13,306 11,666
Expenses 23,515 19,041
Revenues 111,601 105,272

Expenses and revenues disclosed in (b) exclude common services provided without charge, which are already disclosed in (a).

12. Segmented information

Presentation by segment is based on the agency's core responsibilities. The presentation by segment is based on the same accounting policies as described in the Summary of significant accounting policies in note 2. The following table presents the expenses incurred and revenues generated for the main core responsibilities, by major object of expense and by major type of revenue. The segment results for the period are as follows:

Segmented information
  Statistical Information Internal services 2022 Total 2021 Total
(in thousands of dollars)
Transfer payments
Grant to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
0 0 0 0
Total transfer payments 0 0 0 0
Operating expenses
Salaries and employee benefits
674,915 71,859 746,774 685,891
Accommodation
39,084 2,993 42,077 43,549
Professional and special services
159,197 7,636 166,833 38,045
Transportation and postage
60,305 1,235 61,540 10,591
Amortization
25,543 666 26,209 31,457
Repairs and maintenance
750 536 1,286 812
Materials and supplies
5,001 4,478 9,479 10,819
Rentals
21,514 5,349 26,863 23,140
Communication and printing
17,450 120 17,570 7,705
Loss on disposal of tangible capital assets
176 176 240
Bad debts
1 1 13
Other
38 10 48 151
Total operating expenses 1,003,974 94,882 1,098,856 852,413
Total expenses 1,003,974 94,882 1,098,856 852,413
Revenues
Special statistical services
150,045 0 150,045 140,726
Other revenues
28 0 28 28
Revenues earned on behalf of Government
-22,083 0 -22,083 -20,507
Total revenues 127,990 0 127,990 120,247
Net cost from continuing operations 875,984 94,882 970,866 732,166

Annex to the Statement of Management Responsibility Including Internal Control over Financial Reporting of Statistics Canada for Fiscal Year 2021-2022 (Unaudited)

1. Introduction

This document is attached to Statistics Canada's (StatCan) Statement of Management Responsibility Including Internal Control over Financial Reporting for the 2021-2022 fiscal year. This annex provides summary information on the measures taken by StatCan to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting (ICFR), including information on internal control management, assessment results and related action plans.

Detailed information on the agency's authority, mandate and core responsibilities can be found in the 2022-2023 Departmental Plan and the 2021-22 Departmental Results Report.

2. Departmental system of internal control over financial reporting

2.1 Internal control management

StatCan has a well-established governance and accountability structure to support departmental assessment efforts and oversight of its system of internal control. A departmental internal control management framework, approved by the Chief Statistician and the Chief Financial Officer (CFO), is in place and includes:

  • organizational accountability structures as they relate to internal control management to support sound financial management, including roles and responsibilities of senior managers for control management in their areas of responsibility;
  • values and ethics considerations;
  • ongoing communication and training on statutory requirements, and policies and procedures for sound financial management and control; and
  • regular updates to, and monitoring at least on a semi-annual basis, of internal control management as well as the provision of related assessment results and action plans to the Chief Statistician, senior departmental management and the Departmental Audit Committee (DAC).

The DAC provides advice to the Chief Statistician on the adequacy and effectiveness of the agency's risk management, control and governance frameworks and processes.

2.2 Service arrangements relevant to financial statements

StatCan relies on other organizations for the processing certain transactions that are recorded in its financial statements, as follows:

2.2.1 Common service arrangements
  • Public Services and Procurement Canada (PSPC) centrally administers the payment of salaries, the procurement of certain goods and services, and provides accommodation services;
  • Shared Services Canada (SSC) provides information technology (IT) infrastructure services;
  • The Department of Justice Canada provides legal services; and
  • The Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat (TBS) provides information on public service insurance and centrally administers payment of the employer's share of contribution toward statutory employee benefit plans.
2.2.2 Specific arrangements
  • PSPC provides StatCan with the Common Departmental Financial System platform to capture and report financial and materiel management transactions.

Readers of this annex may refer to the annexes of the above-noted departments for a greater understanding of the systems of internal control over financial reporting (ICFR) related to these specific services.

3. StatCan assessment results during fiscal year 2021-2022

StatCan adopted an ongoing, rotational, risk-based monitoring approach to support testing of internal control over financial reporting. In 2021, StatCan updated its Internal Control over Financial Management Risk-based Monitoring Strategy, which replaced its previous version from 2017. According to the new strategy, the ongoing monitoring cycle was extended to a four-year period and the plan is adjusted through an annual risk assessment process.

The following table summarizes the status of the ongoing monitoring activities according to the previous fiscal year's rotational plan.

Progress during the 2021-2022 fiscal year
Previous fiscal year's rotational ongoing monitoring plan for current fiscal year Status
Financial Close and Reporting Completed as planned; remedial actions started.
Entity Level Controls: (Fraud Controls) Draft framework completed as planned; no remedial actions required.
Operating Expenditures Completed as planned; no remedial actions required.
IT General Controls On track with minor delays: operating effectiveness delayed to Q1. 2022-23.

In addition to the ongoing monitoring plan for ICFR, in 2021-2022 StatCan conducted operating effectiveness testing on Costing, Forecasting, Budgeting and CFO Attestation as part of the broader Internal Control over Financial Management (ICFM) business processes.

New or significantly amended key controls are summarized in section 3.1. The areas of the departmental system of internal controls that were reviewed this fiscal year are summarized in section 3.2.

3.1 New or significantly amended key controls

Following the risk assessment and considering the impact of the pandemic, a new sub-process was created under Capital Assets, to assess the stewardship of IT assets in employees' homes. This sub-process will be assessed in 2022-23.

3.2 Ongoing monitoring program

As part of its rotational ongoing monitoring plan, the agency completed its reassessment of Entity Level Controls (ELCs) and controls within specific business processes. Senior management received reports on the results of testing and developed action plans where necessary. For the most part, the key controls that were tested performed as intended. An example of ELCs is the fraud detection controls mentioned in s.3 above.

4. Action plan for the next fiscal year (2022-2023) and subsequent fiscal years

The table below shows the agency's rotational ongoing monitoring plan over the next three years. An annual risk assessment is conducted to validate the high-risk controls and to adjust the on-going monitoring plan as required. Action plans from previous years will be followed-up on to ensure that remedial actions have been taken.

Ongoing monitoring plan for financial reporting
Internal Control over Financial Reporting Fiscal Year 2022–2023 Fiscal Year 2023–2024 Fiscal Year 2024–2025
Entity level controls Yes No Yes
IT general controls under agency management Yes Yes No
Capital assets Yes No No
Financial close and reporting Yes Yes No
Interviewers' payroll No Yes Yes
Operating expenditures No No Yes
Revenues No Yes No
Payroll and benefits Yes No Yes
Ongoing monitoring plan for financial management
Internal Control over Financial Management Stage of monitoring
Fiscal Year 2022–2023 Fiscal Year 2023–2024 Fiscal Year 2024–2025
Budgeting Ongoing Monitoring Ongoing Monitoring Ongoing Monitoring
Costing Ongoing Monitoring Ongoing Monitoring Ongoing Monitoring
Forecasting Ongoing Monitoring Ongoing Monitoring Ongoing Monitoring
Payroll Ongoing Monitoring Ongoing Monitoring Ongoing Monitoring
CFO Attestation of Cabinet and TB Submissions Ongoing Monitoring Ongoing Monitoring Ongoing Monitoring
Investment Planning Design & Operating Effectiveness Ongoing Monitoring Ongoing Monitoring

Image Segmentation in Medical Imaging

By: Loïc Muhirwa, Statistics Canada

Introduction

Many applications require substructures of digital images to be identified, making segmentation a fundamental preprocessing procedure. A canonical example of image segmentation is the binary segmentation between the foreground and background of an image, which is broadly applicable. In medical imaging, one might need to segment magnetic resonance (MR) or computerized tomography (CT) images of an organ into distinct anatomical structures or segment different tissue types. In neuroimaging in particular, one could segment the human brain into major tissue (white and gray matter) or segment between the health status of a tissue i.e. healthy and lesioned.

To formalize these ideas, we need a mathematical representation of an image. There are many ways to represent images, depending on the applications, some are more convenient than others. This article will present many approaches to image segmentation which makes a single mathematical representation of an image difficult. Despite this, we'll adopt a primary representation, which we may deviate from for notational convenience or to complete cases where an image is a discrete object, as opposed to a continuous one. Formally, an image can be represented as a pixel-wise map from some image domain to an intensity domain, as follows: I Ω  R

where the image domain Ω is a compact space and a simply connected subset of Rdford2, 3 for 2D or 3D images, also known as volumes (see: simply connected definition). Moreover, without loss of generality, this article only considers images with unidimensional intensity values, such as grayscale images. This is an implied definition since the image maps to R. Under this image representation, we can conceptually specify a segmentation Z of the image I as the following map:

ZΩ0,...,K-1,

where K is the number of distinct image segments.

Figure 1: A segmentation of an axial brain slice. Red, green and blue correspond to white matter, gray matter and cerebrospinal fluid respectively. (Image source: A review of medical image segmentation: methods and available software.Footnote 21)

Figure 1: A segmentation of an axial brain slice. Red, green and blue correspond to white matter, gray matter and cerebrospinal fluid respectively.
Description - Figure 1: A segmentation of an axial brain slice. Red, green and blue correspond to white matter, gray matter and cerebrospinal fluid respectively.

Brain imaging of an axial slice on the left in black and white, and tissue segmentation represented by red, green and blue on the right. Colours from the image on the right correspond to white matter, gray matter and cerebrospinal fluid respectively, from the image on the left.

Digital image segmentation can be broadly classified into two categories, manual segmentation and automated segmentation. In manual segmentation, a human manually annotates the different segments in a digital image, whereas in automated segmentation an automated algorithm segments the image. Manual segmentation comes with various challenges, including cost, time and consistency. First, in many applications, the person annotating the images needs to be a domain expert—making manual segmentation operationally challenging and costly.

In medical neuroimaging, for instance, some of the common segmentation types are tissue type segmentation, where brain tissue is categorized into three major tissue types – white matter, gray matter and cerebrospinal fluid (see figure 1). Manual annotation for a single patient's neuroimage volume requires a lot of time and radiologist knowledge. Second, image processing might require annotating hundreds of images, which is unmanageable when done manually. Third, manual segmentations vary greatly across annotators, even when the annotators are domain expertsFootnote 1. Certain scanners can produce images that could be automatically segmented with ease. For example, a CT neuroimage has intensities with fixed physical correspondence, making automated segmentation a straightforward task. For these reasons and more, automated segmentation is preferred.

In the following sections, we'll categorize automated segmentation methods into two categories – generative model-based methods and deep learning methods.

Automated Segmentation - Generative Model-Based Methods

In generative model-based methods, the segmentation of an image is modeled as a statistical inference problem. Specifically, a generative model of the image is specified, in which the segmentation is a latent variable and segmenting an image corresponds to inferring this variable.

Univariate Models

In a point-wise fashion, univariate method models image intensities from different segments as sub-populations from a finite mixture model (FMM) with different intensity distributions describing the data generating processes of different segments. Under this modelling approach image intensities belonging to specific segments are drawn from distinct mixtures. A special case of FMM that's often used in image segmentation is a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) where the mixture distributions are Gaussians.Footnote 2Footnote 3Footnote 4 We'll use a GMM to demonstrate how a generative model can be used to segment an image. The image is represented by a random variable I which is a collection of independent random variables I(x)   with support R and let Z(x)  be random variable with support 0,1k representing the intensity value and mixture assignment for some image domain element xΩ respectively. Let π be a random variable vector with support [0,1]k as mixture probabilities, where k-th entry πk indicates the probability of belonging to the k-th image segment. Assuming a Bayesian setting,  Z(x)| π ~ Categorical(π) is a latent variable such that event Z(x)k=1 indicates that x belongs to the k-th image segment and there is a Dirichlet prior on mixture probabilities, i.e. π ~ Dirichlet(β) The joint intensity and segment assignment probability density function at a specific xΩ has the following form

Ix=x,Zx=z|π,μ,σ k=1KƝ(μ,σ2)zkk=1KπkzkΓ(Kβ)Γ(β)k=1Kπkβ-1

where μ and σ are collections of mean and variance parameters respectively, for each mixture and β is a Dirichlet sparsity parameters.

Multivariate Models

In contrast to univariate methods, multivariate methods model the intensity distribution across an entire image domain, while accounting for the long-range dependencies among pixels. Markov Random Fields (MRFs) are a class of models that specify a distribution across the image domain by first discretizing the domain such that

Ω=1,...,Md

for some M N and d2,3. Following this discretization, the segmentation and intensities are indexed by vertices of an undirected graph and with adjacent vertices corresponding to adjacent pixels.Footnote 5 We first assume that the mean intensity estimates for each segment class are given, let μk and σ2k be the mean and variance intensity estimate for the k-th image segment. We can then define a functional which corresponds to the negative log probability of the model and has the following form

HZ=k=1Kx  ΩlZx=kI(x)-μkσk2+λx  Ωly  NxlδZx,y

where N(x)  is the set of vertices adjacent to x, l()  is an indicator function and δZ(x,y) is a penalty term that penalizes neighbouring locations in the image domain that don't share segment labels. In practice, μk σ2k are typically obtained through a partial labeling (semi-supervised) done by a domain expert. In the previous equation, the first double summation penalizes a Z()  that labels pixels whose intensities deviate greatly from the mean intensity in that segment class. For the segment class, the distance from the mean is normalized by the standard deviation so that the proximity to the mean across segment classes are comparable. The second double summation favours a Z which gives neighbouring pixels the same label, and λ is a parameter that balances both double summations.

Inference and Learning

As previously mentioned, in the context of generative models, image segmentation is a statistical problem in which the segmentation is inferred and the parameters governing the generative model are learned. In this subsection, we give examples of common inference problems in image segmentation.

Maximum Likelihood and Maximum a Posteriori Estimation

In the case where we have access to a tractable likelihood or posterior distribution, one can do this inference by a maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) or maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation of the segment assignments. More formally, assuming a Bayesian context, suppose we have access to a tractable and reasonably well-behaved posterior p(Z|I)  where Z and I are the segmentation MAP and the image, respectively. A MAP estimate of the segmentation MAP would have the following form

ZMAP=argmaxzp(Z|I).

The posterior distribution of a segmentation is not always easy to directly sample from - this is particularly true for MRFs. In these scenarios, graph-based Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods are typically used. More specifically, Gibbs sampling is generally used for MRFsFootnote 6 since they are a special case of a conditional random field (CRF) making it relatively easy to specify each segment assignment as a conditional probability.

Rather than sampling an intractable posterior, one can use a method known as variational inference (VI) to approximate the posterior with a distribution that comes from a family of tractable distributions. This family of tractable distributions are called variational distributions—named after variational calculus. Once the family of distributions are specified, one can approximate the posterior by finding the variational distribution that optimizes some metrics between the true posterior and itself. The most common metric used to measure the similarity between two distributions is the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence and it is defined as follows

KLq||p=Ez[logq(z)p(z|x)]

where q()  is an approximate density and and p() is a true density over the same support. Inferring the latent segmentation through this distributional approximation can be formulated as a variational Bayesian expectation maximization (VBEM) inference problem.Footnote 7 For a deeper analysis of VI the interested reader can consult section 4 of Variational Inference.Footnote 8

Deep Learning Methods

In recent years, deep learning (DL) methods have been successfully applied to many learning tasks. Particularly in computer vision, they have been shown to outperform previous state-of-the-art machine learning techniques.Footnote 9 Loosely inspired by computational models of biological learning, DL methods allow efficient and highly parallelizable computational models of multiple processing layers which implicitly learn data representations.Footnote 10 The structural configurations of these processing layers are known as architectures. Some of the architectures that are prominent in computer vision include generative adversarial network (GAN),Footnote 11 recurrent neural network (RNN)Footnote 12 and convolutional neural network (CNN),Footnote 13 with CNN performing particularly well in image segmentation tasks. A 3D CNN was applied to a brain lesion segmentationFootnote 14 and was able to improve on the previous model for top performance on public benchmark datasets BRATS 2015Footnote 15 and ISLES 2015Footnote 16 (public datasets used in brain lesion segmentation challenges).

Convolutional Neural Networks

Figure 2: Typical process of segmentation with Deep Learning with a Convolutional Neural Network. Image source: Going Deep in Medical Image Analysis: Concepts, Methods, Challenges and Future Directions.Footnote 17

Typical process of segmentation with Deep Learning with a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based model is learned that first compresses the source image with a stack of different convolution, activation and pooling layers.
Description - Figure 2: Typical process of segmentation with Deep Learning with a Convolutional Neural Network. Image source: Going Deep in Medical Image Analysis: Concepts, Methods, Challenges and Future Directions.

Typical process of segmentation with Deep Learning with a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based model is learned that first compresses the source image with a stack of different convolution, activation and pooling layers.

Presently, CNNs are considered state-of-the-art networks for supervised DL image segmentation problems.Footnote 18 Their architecture is inspired by a hierarchical receptive field model of the visual cortex and generally includes the composition of three types of layers:

  1. Convolutional layers, where a kernel (filter) is convolved over inputs to extract a hierarchy of features,
  2. Nonlinear layers, which allow inputs to be mapped to feature spaces, and;
  3. Pooling layers, which reduce the spatial resolution by aggregating local information.

Each layer is made of processing units that are locally connected. These local connections are called receptive fields. The layers are typically composed to form a multi-resolution pyramid in which higher-level layers learn features from wider receptive fields. The model parameters are typically learned through a stochastic version of the backpropagation algorithm,Footnote 19 which is a gradient-based optimization routine that efficiently propagates the gradient of the residual through the network.

Evaluation Methods

Generally, supervised segmentation evaluation methods attempt to quantify the degree of overlap between an estimated and ground truth segmentation. Using the map notation of a segmentation in expression (2), we can equivalently understand the segmentation as a set with the image of its map, i.e. Z(Ω). 

The Dice score (D) is one of the most popular and conceptually easy to understand segmentation evaluation methods. For two segmentations A and B, the Dice score is calculated as follows

DA,B= 2|AB||A| + |B|

The Jaccard coefficient (J) is another segmentation evaluation method and is related to the Dice score through the following expression

D= 2J1+J

D is known to yield higher values for larger volumes. Another segmentation evaluation method is the average Hausdorff distance, which is especially recommended for segmentation tasks with complex boundaries and small thin segments and compared to the Dice score, the average Hausdorff distance has the advantage of accounting for localization when considering segmentation performance.Footnote 20 For two segmentations A and B, which are non-empty subsets of a metric space (S,d), the Average Hausdorff distance is calculated as follows

HA,B=121|A|xAmindyBx,y+1|B|xAmindyBx,y.

For more evaluation methods, the interested reader can consult Metrics for evaluating 3d medical image segmentationFootnote 22

Conclusion

To conclude, image segmentation is a crucial technique in image processing in general and medical imaging in particular. This process is an imperative part of an image processing pipeline which requires downstream image analyses, in which semantic substructures in an image are identified. Using machine learning we can automate this procedure while retaining the quality of an expert annotator and for the fraction of the cost.

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Appendix: definitions

appropriation (crédit)
Any authority of Parliament to pay money out of the Consolidated Revenue Fund.
budgetary expenditures (dépenses budgétaires)
Operating and capital expenditures; transfer payments to other levels of government, organizations or individuals; and payments to Crown corporations.
core responsibility (responsabilité essentielle)
An enduring function or role performed by a department. The intentions of the department with respect to a core responsibility are reflected in one or more related departmental results that the department seeks to contribute to or influence.
Departmental Plan (plan ministériel)
A report on the plans and expected performance of an appropriated department over a 3-year period. Departmental Plans are usually tabled in Parliament each spring.
departmental priority (priorité)
A plan or project that a department has chosen to focus and report on during the planning period. Priorities represent the things that are most important or what must be done first to support the achievement of the desired departmental results.
departmental result (résultat ministériel)
A consequence or outcome that a department seeks to achieve. A departmental result is often outside departments' immediate control, but it should be influenced by program-level outcomes.
departmental result indicator (indicateur de résultat ministériel)
A quantitative measure of progress on a departmental result.
departmental results framework (cadre ministériel des résultats)
A framework that connects the department's core responsibilities to its departmental results and departmental result indicators.
Departmental Results Report (rapport sur les résultats ministériels)
A report on a department's actual accomplishments against the plans, priorities and expected results set out in the corresponding Departmental Plan.
experimentation (expérimentation)
The conducting of activities that seek to first explore, then test and compare the effects and impacts of policies and interventions in order to inform evidence-based decision-making, and improve outcomes for Canadians, by learning what works, for whom and in what circumstances. Experimentation is related to, but distinct from innovation (the trying of new things), because it involves a rigorous comparison of results. For example, using a new website to communicate with Canadians can be an innovation; systematically testing the new website against existing outreach tools or an old website to see which one leads to more engagement, is experimentation.
full-time equivalent (équivalent temps plein)
A measure of the extent to which an employee represents a full person-year charge against a departmental budget. For a particular position, the full-time equivalent figure is the ratio of number of hours the person actually works divided by the standard number of hours set out in the person's collective agreement.
gender-based analysis plus (GBA Plus) (analyse comparative entre les sexes plus [ACS Plus])
An analytical tool used to support the development of responsive and inclusive policies, programs and other initiatives; and understand how factors such as sex, race, national and ethnic origin, Indigenous origin or identity, age, sexual orientation, socio-economic conditions, geography, culture and disability, impact experiences and outcomes, and can affect access to and experience of government programs.
government-wide priorities (priorités pangouvernementales)
For the purpose of the 2021–22 Departmental Results Report, government-wide priorities refers to those high-level themes outlining the government's agenda in the 2020 Speech from the Throne, namely: Protecting Canadians from COVID-19; Helping Canadians through the pandemic; Building back better – a resiliency agenda for the middle class; The Canada we're fighting for.
horizontal initiative (initiative horizontale)
An initiative where two or more federal organizations are given funding to pursue a shared outcome, often linked to a government priority.
non-budgetary expenditures (dépenses non budgétaires)
Net outlays and receipts related to loans, investments and advances, which change the composition of the financial assets of the Government of Canada.
performance (rendement)
What an organization did with its resources to achieve its results, how well those results compare to what the organization intended to achieve, and how well lessons learned have been identified.
performance indicator (indicateur de rendement)
A qualitative or quantitative means of measuring an output or outcome, with the intention of gauging the performance of an organization, program, policy or initiative respecting expected results.
performance reporting (production de rapports sur le rendement)
The process of communicating evidence-based performance information. Performance reporting supports decision making, accountability and transparency.
plan (plan)
The articulation of strategic choices, which provides information on how an organization intends to achieve its priorities and associated results. Generally, a plan will explain the logic behind the strategies chosen and tend to focus on actions that lead to the expected result.
planned spending (dépenses prévues)
For Departmental Plans and Departmental Results Reports, planned spending refers to those amounts presented in Main Estimates.
A department is expected to be aware of the authorities that it has sought and received. The determination of planned spending is a departmental responsibility, and departments must be able to defend the expenditure and accrual numbers presented in their Departmental Plans and Departmental Results Reports.
program (programme)
Individual or groups of services, activities or combinations thereof that are managed together within the department and focus on a specific set of outputs, outcomes or service levels.
program inventory (répertoire des programmes)
Identifies all the department's programs and describes how resources are organized to contribute to the department's core responsibilities and results.
result (résultat)
A consequence attributed, in part, to an organization, policy, program or initiative. Results are not within the control of a single organization, policy, program or initiative; instead they are within the area of the organization's influence.
statutory expenditures (dépenses législatives)
Expenditures that Parliament has approved through legislation other than appropriation acts. The legislation sets out the purpose of the expenditures and the terms and conditions under which they may be made.
target (cible)
A measurable performance or success level that an organization, program or initiative plans to achieve within a specified time period. Targets can be either quantitative or qualitative.
voted expenditures (dépenses votées)
Expenditures that Parliament approves annually through an appropriation act. The vote wording becomes the governing conditions under which these expenditures may be made.

Federal tax expenditures

The tax system can be used to achieve public policy objectives through the application of special measures such as low tax rates, exemptions, deductions, deferrals and credits. The Department of Finance Canada publishes cost estimates and projections for these measures each year in the Report on Federal Tax Expenditures. This report also provides detailed background information on tax expenditures, including descriptions, objectives, historical information and references to related federal spending programs as well as evaluations and GBA Plus of tax expenditures.

Supplementary information tables

The following supplementary information tables are available:

Reporting on Green Procurement

This supplementary information table supports reporting on green procurement activities in accordance with the Policy on Green Procurement.

Context

Although Statistics Canada is not bound by the Federal Sustainable Development Act and is not required to develop a full Departmental Sustainable Development Strategy (DSDS), Statistics Canada adheres to the principles of the Federal Sustainable Development Strategy (FSDS) by complying with the Policy on Green Procurement.

The Policy on Green Procurement supports the Government of Canada's effort to promote environmental stewardship. In keeping with the objectives of the policy, Statistics Canada supports sustainable development by integrating environmental performance considerations into the procurement decision‑making process through the actions described in the 2019 to 2022 FSDS "Greening Government" goal.

Greening Government: The Government of Canada will transition to low-carbon, climate-resilient, and green operations.

Reporting on Green Procurement
FSDS target(s) FSDS contributing action(s) Corresponding departmental action(s) Starting point(s),
Performance indicator(s),
Target(s)
Results achieved Contribution by each departmental result to the FSDS goal and target

Actions supporting the Greening Government goal and the Policy on Green Procurement

Departments will use environmental criteria to reduce the environmental impact and ensure the best value in government procurement decisions

  • Integrate environmental considerations into procurement management processes and controls.
  • Ensure paper purchased by Statistics Canada is made from recycled material.
  • To reduce waste and minimize the environmental impacts of assets throughout their lifecycle, Statistics Canada will continue to embed environmental considerations in public procurement in accordance with the Policy on Green Procurement.
  • Copy paper purchased by Statistics Canada contains a minimum of 30% recycled content and has a forest certification, ECOLOGO certification or equivalent certification
  • Statistics Canada incorporates environmental considerations into all public procurement by releasing all solicitations electronically, accepting electronic bids and using existing procurement instruments available through Public Services and Procurement Canada that include environmental considerations.
  • One hundred percent of copy paper purchased contains a minimum of 30% recycled content and is certified to a recognized environmental standard to reduce the environmental impact of its production.

Motivate suppliers to reduce the environmental impact of their goods, services and supply chains.

Actions supporting the Greening Government goal and the Policy on Green Procurement

Reference to performance agreements of procurement material management senior officials has been removed. Green procurement considerations are addressed at the requirements definition phase and have been built into templates each contracting officer must use. The templates are subject to peer review and sectional audit, with monitoring and oversight by the key official.

Support for green procurement will be strengthened, including guidance, tools and training for public service employees

  • Ensure that decision makers and material management and procurement specialists have the necessary training and awareness to support green procurement.
  • Ensure that key officials include support for, and contributions to, the Government of Canada's Policy on Green Procurement objectives.
  • One hundred percent of specialists in procurement and material management have completed training on green procurement.
  • Performance evaluations of managers and functional heads of procurement and material management include support for, and contributions to, green procurement in the given fiscal year.
  • One hundred percent of specialists in procurement and material management have completed the Canada School of Public Service Green Procurement course (COR405), or equivalent.
  • One hundred percent of performance evaluations of managers and functional heads of procurement and material management are aligned to support the objectives of the Government of Canada Policy on Green Procurement.

Motivate suppliers to green their goods, services and supply chain.

Report on integrating sustainable development

During the 2021–22 reporting cycle, Statistics Canada had no proposals that required a strategic environmental assessment and no public statements were produced.

Gender-based analysis plus

Section 1: Institutional GBA Plus Capacity

Recent events, including the COVID-19 pandemic, have highlighted the importance of having relevant, accurate and timely data and insights to better respond to pressing issues and inform our decision making.

The demand for disaggregated data and analyses that include a Gender-based Analysis Plus (GBA Plus) lens continues to increase. To best meet the increased demand for disaggregated data and to better support data users in 2021‒22, Statistics Canada continued to increase its GBA Plus capacity across the agency and began implementing its Disaggregated Data Action Plan (DDAP). The DDAP prioritizes the collection of diversity data (e.g., data that may be broken down by sex or gender, as well as data about Indigenous peoples, racialized groups and people with disabilities) across Statistics Canada's programs. The DDAP also emphasizes Statistics Canada's responsibility to continually identify and address data and knowledge gaps and to support representative data collection across the country, across age groups and at various levels of geography. In these ways, the DDAP is a key enabler for GBA Plus and intersectional analysis. Such analyses provide much-needed information on the experiences and outcomes of Canadians. In turn, this information allows for more informed decision making, more equitable delivery of programs and services and the tracking of progress toward a fairer and more inclusive society.

Statistics Canada's Centre for Gender, Diversity and Inclusion Statistics (CGDIS) is responsible for reporting to Canadians, generating new information and building GBA Plus knowledge and capacity. In 2021‒22, the scope of the CGDIS increased to support the DDAP—including the review, development and promotion of diversity-related statistical standards, the support of several Government of Canada initiatives (e.g., Canada's Anti-Racism Strategy and LGBTQ2 Action Plan) and the production of a great number of statistical products and insights. The CGDIS released an updated Gender, Diversity and Inclusion Statistics Hub and developed and released a Sex, Gender and Sexual Orientation Statistics hub. These two hubs allow data users to access Statistics Canada data relevant to GBA Plus. The CGDIS supported and engaged with an array of stakeholders to better understand their perspectives and data needs; provided methodological advice and analytic expertise on areas related to gender, diversity and inclusion in Canada; and increased GBA Plus knowledge and capacity, internally and externally. Additionally, the CGDIS established an agency-wide GBA Plus responsibility network. This was an important step toward increased capacity and further GBA Plus implementation throughout the agency, in terms of data, people and internal processes, and for those who rely on the agency's trusted data, analytical products and insights.

Statistics Canada owes its success to its talented, diverse and inclusive workforce. To best support its workforce, the agency continues to follow its Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Leadership Accountability Framework, which increases its accountability to employment equity committees and better serves its employees through clearly identified roles and responsibilities.

Finally, the agency continues to implement the 2021 to 2025 Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Action Plan: Moving Forward Together and the Integrity and Respect Action Plan. These action plans aim to improve and promote diversity and inclusion within the workplace, eliminate systemic barriers in appointment processes and increase representation, at all levels, across the agency.

Section 2: Gender and Diversity Impacts, by Program

Core Responsibility: Statistical information

Program Name: Economic and Environmental Statistics

The Economic and Environmental Statistics program produces many economic and environmental statistics related to national and international accounts, manufacturing, wholesale, retail, research and development, price indexes, finance, tourism, transportation, agriculture, the environment and others.

Target Population: All Canadians

Distribution of Benefits:

The program's target population is all Canadians and the distribution of benefits is equal by gender, income level and age.

Key Program impacts on Gender and diversity:

Key program impacts on gender and diversity: Economic and Environmental Statistics
Statistics Observed Results Data Source Comment
1. Number of statistical products (e.g., data tables, research articles, studies or fact sheets) released by Economic and Environmental Statistics, disseminated through The Daily and made available on Statistics Canada's website 7 Statistics Canada's website GBA Plus factors considered in the calculation of this performance indicator include one or more of the following: sex or gender, Indigenous peoples, members of a racialized group, people with disabilities, LGBTQ2+ people and immigrants.
2. Number of GBA Plus outreach activities (e.g., consultations or presentations) led by the Industrial Organization and Finance Division of Economic and Environmental Statistics for external stakeholders (e.g., other government departments, academia or non-governmental organizations) 10 Excel spreadsheet that tracks GBA Plus outreach within the Economic and Environmental Statistics program  
3. Number of initiatives to which the GBA Plus lens was integrated 21 Excel spreadsheet that tracks GBA Plus initiatives conducted by Economic and Environmental Statistics  

GBA Plus Data Collection Plan:

In 2021–22, data requirements to measure the impacts have been completed. Statistics Canada continues to actively review and analyze the set of measures to identify gaps and improvements, where possible.

Program Name: Centres of Expertise

The Centres of Expertise support all Statistics Canada programs to ensure that Canadian citizens, businesses, governments, universities and other institutions have access to the most detailed, timely and accurate information at the lowest-cost possible—in terms of dollars and response burden—while protecting the privacy of the information. The centres undertake innovative research, analysis and data development activities and continually seek new data sources, leading-edge methods and systems, cost-effective operations and new statistical products to address the current and future information needs of Canadians.

Target Population: All Canadians

Distribution of Benefits:

The program's target population is all Canadians and the distribution of benefits is equal by gender, income level and age.

Key Program impacts on Gender and diversity:

Key program impacts on gender and diversity: Centres of Expertise
Statistics Observed Results Data Source Comment
1. Number of statistical products (e.g., data tables, research articles, studies or fact sheets) released by the Centres of Expertise, disseminated through The Daily and made available on Statistics Canada's website 34 Statistics Canada's website GBA Plus factors considered in the calculation of this performance indicator include one or more of the following: sex or gender, Indigenous peoples, members of a racialized group, people with disabilities, LGBTQ2+ people and immigrants.

GBA Plus Data Collection Plan:

In 2021–22, data requirements to measure the impacts have been completed. Statistics Canada continues to actively review and analyze the set of measures to identify gaps and improvements, where possible.

Program Name: Census Program

The Census Program provides statistical information and analyses that measure changes in the Canadian population and its demographic characteristics, as well as in the agricultural sector. The program includes the Census of Population and the Census of Agriculture.

Target Population: All Canadians

Distribution of Benefits:

The program's target population is all Canadians and the distribution of benefits is equal by gender, income level and age.

Key Program impacts on Gender and diversity:

Canada's Census program is cyclical and includes an array of activities (e.g., consultation and engagement, questionnaire development, data collection and data processing and dissemination) that must be completed to ensure its success. From start to finish, each census cycle spans approximately seven years, with cycles overlapping (i.e., when one cycle is nearing completion, the next cycle begins). For example, the 2021 Census of Population Program will conclude in 2024‒25 with an evaluation of the dissemination results while the 2026 Census Program will begin in 2023‒24.

Observed Results, in the context of this GBA Plus Supplementary Information Table, reflect where a census is within the census cycle. Note that census releases tend to be disseminated throughout, and within, one to two fiscal years, meaning that zero observed results will be reported for years that did not include one or more census releases.

Following extensive engagement with the Canadian population, the 2021 Census questionnaire now asks about "sex at birth" and includes a new question on gender. As a result, the historical continuity of information on sex was maintained while allowing all cisgender, transgender and non-binary individuals to report their gender. This addressed an important information gap on gender diversity. In addition, the census provides a wealth of diversity data related to the population, including, but not limited to data on age; family, household and marital status; Canadian military experience; income; language, Indigenous identity; immigration, place of birth and citizenship; and ethnocultural and religious diversity. The census is the agency's most granular and local source of data, allowing for enhanced GBA. Releases from the 2021 Census of Population will be disseminated throughout 2022.

Key program impacts on gender and diversity: Census Program
Statistics Observed Results Data Source Comment
1. Number of 2021 Census of Population statistical products (e.g., data tables, census profile, highlight tables, research articles, studies or fact sheets) relevant to GBA Plus disseminated through The Daily and made available on Statistics Canada's website 0 Statistics Canada's website GBA Plus factors considered when calculating this performance indicator include one or more of the following: sex, gender, Indigenous identity, racialized group and immigrant status.
2. Proportion of 2021 Census of Population statistical products (e.g., data tables, census profile, highlight tables, research articles, studies or fact sheets) relevant to GBA Plus disseminated through The Daily and made available on Statistics Canada's website. 0 Statistics Canada's website GBA Plus factors considered when calculating this performance indicator include one or more of the following: sex, gender, Indigenous identity, racialized group and immigrant status.
3. Number of 2021 Census of Agriculture statistical products (e.g., data tables, census profile, highlight tables, research articles, studies or fact sheets) relevant to GBA Plus disseminated through The Daily and made available on Statistics Canada's website. 0 Statistics Canada's website GBA Plus factors considered when calculating this performance indicator include one or more of the following: sex, gender, Indigenous identity, racialized groups and immigrant status.

GBA Plus Data Collection Plan:

In 2021–22, data requirements to measure the impacts have been completed. Statistics Canada continues to actively review and analyze the set of measures to identify gaps and improvements, where possible.

Program Name: Socio-economic Statistics

The Socio-economic Statistics program provides integrated information and relevant analysis on the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of individuals, families and households, as well as on the major factors that affect their well-being. Many of the statistical products produced allow for GBA Plus analyses for key population groups.

Target Population: All Canadians

Distribution of Benefits:

The program's target population is all Canadians, and the distribution of benefits is equal by gender, income level and age.

Key Program impacts on Gender and diversity:

Key program impacts on gender and diversity: Socio-economic Statistics
Statistics Observed Results Data Source Comment
1. Number of visits to the Gender, Diversity and Inclusion Statistics Hub in 2021‒2022 42,902 Statistics Canada web analytics  
2. Number of GBA Plus outreach activities (e.g., consultations or presentations) led by the CGDIS for external stakeholders (e.g., other government departments, academia or non-governmental organizations). 52 Excel spreadsheet that tracks GBA Plus outreach led by the CGDIS within the Socio-economic Statistics program  
3. Number of GBA Plus-related statistical products (e.g., data tables, research articles, studies or fact sheets) released by Socio-economic Statistics, disseminated through The Daily and made available on Statistics Canada's website 96 Statistics Canada's website GBA Plus factors considered in the calculation of this performance indicator include one or more of the following: sex or gender, Indigenous peoples, members of a racialized group, people with disabilities, LGBTQ2+ people and immigrants.
4. Number of Gender Results Framework indicators released by sex or gender in 2021‒22 2 Excel spreadsheet that tracks the number of Gender Results Framework indicators released by sex, gender or other identity factor, by year  
5. Number of Gender Results Framework indicators released by sex or gender and other identity factor in 2021‒22 0 Excel spreadsheet that tracks the number of Gender Results Framework indicators released by sex, gender or other identity factor, by year  

GBA Plus data collection plan:

In 2021–22, data requirements to measure the impacts have been completed. Statistics Canada continues to actively review and analyze the set of measures to identify gaps and improvements, where possible.

Program Name: Cost-recovered Statistical Services

Through the Cost-recovered Statistical Services program, Statistics Canada conducts special surveys to gather new data; assesses the feasibility of, and conducts, record linkage projects to develop new datasets; provides advice on data sources, analytical limitations and validation; produces high-quality statistics that are currently not part of the agency's data holdings; and conducts on-demand special analytical projects to meet the needs of federal, provincial and territorial institutions and other clients.

Target Population: All Canadians

Distribution of Benefits:

The program's target population is all Canadians and the distribution of benefits is equal by gender, income level and age.

Key Program impacts on Gender and diversity:

At this time, the indicators for cost-recovered products are included in their respective program area (i.e., Economic and Environmental Statistics, Socio-economic Statistics, Centres of Expertise) and are not identified separately.

Response to parliamentary committees and external audits

Response to parliamentary committees

There were no parliamentary committee reports requiring a response in 2021‒22.

Response to audits conducted by the Office of the Auditor General of Canada (including audits conducted by the Commissioner of the Environment and Sustainable Development)

2021 Reports 1 and 2 of the Commissioner of the Environment and Sustainable Development

  • Report 1—Implementing the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals
  • This audit focused on whether Employment and Social Development Canada and selected organizations
    • were implementing a national approach for achieving the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
    • had made progress toward achieving selected national targets that would result in more inclusive and sustainable outcomes for Canadians.
  • Recommendation 1.71 of Report 1—Implementing the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals: Statistics Canada should coordinate with responsible federal departments and agencies and other stakeholders to determine priorities for additional disaggregation of data about vulnerable groups and should make that disaggregated data publicly available while meeting data quality and confidentiality requirements.

    Departmental Response: Statistics Canada will work with various federal departments to identify disaggregation requirements. Based on the outcome of these discussions, Statistics Canada will publish indicators at the identified level of disaggregation if it is feasible to do so with current data holdings. However, Budget 2018 did not include new funding for data collection, and the majority of Statistics Canada's social statistics programs are cost recovered and funded by federal departments. Producing data at levels that are disaggregated enough to inform on the subpopulations in question requires large samples, and collection of this information needs to be adequately funded. Once data disaggregation priorities have been identified with federal departments, Statistics Canada will assess the oversampling requirements and associated costs for the relevant survey instruments that would enable Statistics Canada to publish results for the determined priorities. Funding requirements will then be presented to federal partners to determine whether they wish to enable this additional data disaggregation.
  • Corrective action taken to address the recommendations: Statistics Canada developed the Canadian Indicator Framework for the Sustainable Development Goals and created the Canadian Indicator Framework for the Sustainable Development Goals Data Hub, which was released in June 2021 and contains the 76 Canadian Sustainable Development Goal indicators. Where possible, increased data disaggregation has been put on this hub for these indicators and includes data disaggregation by province, sex, family type, age and other population characteristics such as recent immigrants; First Nations, Inuit or Métis; or disability status. Additionally, through the Data Disaggregation Action Plan, Statistics Canada will produce better data so solutions that address the causes of inequities can be developed. Large datasets will be broken down, where feasible, by categories such as gender, racialized groups, Indigenous peoples and people with disabilities. When possible, data will also be divided according to additional groups, such as individuals who identify as LGBTQ2+, children and youth, seniors, immigrants, veterans, Canadians living in low income and those in official language minority groups. Data will also be broken down by geographic level and by urban and rural population, as appropriate. This will allow for better data, analysis and insights to understand gender gaps, racism and other systemic barriers, allowing policy makers to apply fairness and inclusion to decisions that affect the entire population.

Response to audits conducted by the Public Service Commission of Canada or the Office of the Commissioner of Official Languages

There were no audits in 2021–22 requiring a response.

Corporate information

Organizational profile

Appropriate minister: The Honourable François-Philippe Champagne, P.C., M.P.

Institutional head: Anil Arora

Ministerial portfolio: Innovation, Science and Economic Development

Enabling instruments:

Year of incorporation / commencement: The Dominion Bureau of Statistics was established in 1918. In 1971, with the revision of the Statistics Act, the agency became Statistics Canada.

Other: Under the Statistics Act, Statistics Canada is required to collect, compile, analyze, abstract and publish statistical information relating to the commercial, industrial, financial, social, economic and general activities and condition of the people of Canada.

Statistics Canada has two primary objectives:

  • to provide statistical information and analysis on the economic and social structure and functioning of Canadian society, as a basis for developing, operating and evaluating public policies and programs; for public and private decision making; and for the general benefit of all Canadians
  • to promote the quality, coherence and international comparability of Canada's statistics through collaboration with other federal departments and agencies, with the provinces and territories, and in accordance with sound scientific standards and practices.

Statistics Canada's head office is located in Ottawa. There are regional offices across the country in Halifax, Sherbrooke, Montréal, Toronto, Sturgeon Falls, Winnipeg, Edmonton and Vancouver. There are also 35 research data centres located throughout the country in academic institutions. In addition, there are five secure rooms available for access by employees of federal departments and selected provincial ministries. These centres provide researchers with access to microdata from population and household survey programs in a secure setting. Canadians can follow the agency on Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, Reddit, feeds and YouTube.

Raison d'être, mandate and role: who we are and what we do

Raison d'être, mandate and role: who we are and what we do is available on Statistics Canada's website.

For more information on the department's organizational mandate letter commitments, see the Minister's mandate letter.

Operating context

Information on the operating context is available on Statistics Canada's website.

Reporting framework

Statistics Canada's Departmental Results Framework and Program Inventory of record for 2021–22 are shown below.

Departmental Results Framework

Core Responsibility: Statistical Information

Statistics Canada produces objective, high-quality statistical information for the whole of Canada. The statistical information produced relates to commercial, industrial, financial, social, economic, environmental and general activities and conditions of the people of Canada.

Result 1

High quality statistical information is available to Canadians.

  • Indicator 1: Number of post-release corrections due to accuracy.
  • Indicator 2: Percentage of international standards with which Statistics Canada conforms.
  • Indicator 3: Number of statistical products available on the website.
  • Indicator 4: Number of Statistics Canada data tables available on the Open Data Portal.

Result 2

High quality statistical information is accessed by Canadians.

  • Indicator 1: Number of visits to Statistics Canada website.
  • Indicator 2: Number of interactions on social media.
  • Indicator 3: Percentage of website visitors that found what they were looking for.

Result 3

High quality statistical information is relevant to Canadians.

  • Indicator 1: Percentage of users satisfied with statistical information.
  • Indicator 2: Number of media citations on Statistics Canada data.
  • Indicator 3: Number of journal citations.

Internal Services


Program Inventory

  • Economic and Environmental Statistics
  • Socio-economic Statistics
  • Censuses
  • Cost-Recovered Statistical Services
  • Centres of Expertise

Spending and human resources

Spending

Spending 2019–20 to 2024–25

The following graph presents planned (voted and statutory spending) over time.

Planned spending by fiscal year
Description - Planned spending by fiscal year
Planned spending by fiscal year, in $ thousands
  2019–20 2020–21 2021–22 2022–23 2023–24 2024-25
Cost Recovery (Netted Revenue) 120,038 123,989 127,584 120,000 120,000 120,000
Statutory 73,190 83,531 90,714 79,967 72,931 72,223
Voted 473,759 537,787 792,670 496,727 443,463 436,340
Total 666,988 745,308 1,010,967 696,694 636,394 628,564

Budgetary performance summary for core responsibilities and internal services (dollars)

The "Budgetary performance summary for core responsibilities and internal services" table presents the budgetary financial resources allocated for Statistics Canada's core responsibilities and for internal services.

Budgetary performance summary for core responsibilities and internal services (dollars)
Core responsibilities and internal services 2021–22 Main Estimates 2021–22 planned spending 2022–23 planned spending 2023–24 planned spending 2021–22 total authorities available for use 2019–20 actual spending (authorities used) 2020–21 actual spending (authorities used) 2021–22 actual spending (authorities used)
Statistical information 855,425,655 855,425,655 616,663,357 560,200,355 972,123,133 584,770,894 666,463,788 920,977,524
Internal services 66,905,037 66,905,037 80,030,892 76,193,902 100,209,616 82,217,225 78,844,148 89,989,424
Total 922,330,692 922,330,692 696,694,249 636,394,257 1,072,332,749 666,988,119 745,307,936 1,010,966,948
Respendable revenue -120,000,000 -120,000,000 -120,000,000 -120,000,000 -127,583,773 -120,038,495 -123,989,068 -127,583,773
Total 802,330,692 802,330,692 576,694,249 516,394,257 944,748,976 546,949,624 621,318,868 883,383,175

Statistics Canada is funded by two sources: direct parliamentary appropriations and cost-recovery activities. Statistics Canada has the authority to generate $120 million annually in respendable revenue related to two streams: statistical surveys and related services, and custom requests and workshops. If exceeded, a request can be made to increase the authority, as was the case in the last few years.

In recent years, respendable cost-recovery revenue has contributed between $120 million and $127 million annually to the agency's total resources. A large portion of this respendable revenue comes from federal departments to fund specific statistical projects.

Spending fluctuations between the years shown in the graph and table above were mainly caused by the Census Program. Activity for this program peaked in 2021‒22 when the 2021 Census of Population and the 2021 Census of Agriculture were conducted, and will drop in 2022‒23 and 2023‒24 as these activities begin to wind down. This pattern is typical for the agency because of the cyclical nature of the Census Program. Funding for the 2026 Census of Population and the 2026 Census of Agriculture has not yet been approved. This amplifies the decrease in the overall Census Program funding.

In addition, funding received for several new initiatives from Budget 2021 decreases from 2022–23 to 2023–24 and remains relatively stable in 2024‒25.

The difference between 2021–22 actual spending and 2021–22 total authorities available for use is largely because of how the agency strategically manages its investments. The agency leverages the operating budget carry-forward mechanism to manage the cyclical nature of its program operations and strategic priorities investments. Throughout the year, forecasted program or project surpluses carried forward are managed centrally, by priority, within the statistical information core responsibility.

Furthermore, considerable efforts of shifting from paper-based, in-person operations to online virtual activities for the 2021 Census of Population generated savings. These funds are returned to the fiscal framework.

Internal services' spending from 2019–20 to 2021–22 includes planned resources from temporary funding related to an initiative approved in 2018–19 to migrate the agency's infrastructure to the cloud. The decrease in funding for outer years is largely because of ongoing funding related to cloud expenditures not yet secured and how the agency strategically manages its investments. Investments are managed centrally, by priority, within the statistical information core responsibility. Investment funding from past years will end in future years, while new investment decisions will be finalized only later in the year.

2021–22 Budgetary actual gross spending summary (dollars)

The following table reconciles gross planned spending with net spending for 2021–22.

2021–22 Budgetary actual gross spending summary (dollars)
Core responsibilities and internal services 2021–22 actual gross spending 2021–22 actual revenues netted against expenditures 2021–22 actual net spending (authorities used)
Statistical information 920,977,524 127,583,773 793,393,751
Internal services 89,989,424 0 89,989,424
Total 1,010,966,948 127,583,773 883,383,175

Statistics Canada generated $127 million in respendable revenue from the sale of statistical products and services.

Human resources

The "Human resources summary for core responsibilities and internal services" table presents the full-time equivalents (FTEs) allocated to each of Statistics Canada's core responsibilities and to internal services.

Human resources summary for core responsibilities and internal services
Core responsibilities and internal services 2019–20 actual full‑time equivalents 2020–21 actual full‑time equivalents 2021–22 planned full-time equivalents 2021–22 actual full‑time equivalents 2022–23 planned full‑time equivalents 2023–24 planned full‑time equivalents
Statistical information 5,595 6,099 6,026 7,186 5,889 5,387
Internal services 626 684 563 713 659 642
Total 6,221 6,783 6,589 7,899 6,548 6,029
Respendable revenue -1,366 -1,340 -1,231 -1,542 -1,181 -1,181
Total 4,855 5,443 5,358 6,357 5,367 4,848

Similar to trends seen in planned spending, changes in full-time equivalents from year to year are largely explained by the cyclical nature of the Census Program. Activity peaked in 2021–22, when the 2021 Census of Population and 2021 Census of Agriculture were conducted and decreases thereafter as these activities wind down.

Expenditures by vote

For information on Statistics Canada's organizational voted and statutory expenditures, consult the Public Accounts of Canada 2021.

Government of Canada spending and activities

Information on the alignment of Statistics Canada's spending with Government of Canada's spending and activities is available in GC InfoBase.

Financial statements and financial statements highlights

Financial statements

Statistics Canada's financial statements (unaudited) for the year ended March 31, 2022, are available on the agency's website.

The agency uses the full accrual accounting method to prepare and present its annual financial statements, which are part of the departmental results reporting process. However, spending authorities presented in the previous sections of this report remain on an expenditure basis. A reconciliation between the bases of reporting is available in Note 3 of the financial statements.

Financial statement highlights

Condensed Statement of Operations (unaudited) for the year ended March 31, 2022 (dollars)
Financial information 2021–22 planned results 2021–22 actual results 2020–21 actual results Difference (2021–22 actual results minus 2021–22 planned results) Difference (2021–22 actual results minus 2020–21 actual results)
Total expenses 1,048,174,102 1,098,855,896 852,413,139 50,681,794 246,442,757
Total revenues 120,000,000 127,990,099 120,247,616 7,990,099  7,742,483
Net cost of operations before government funding and transfers 928,174,102 970,865,797 732,165,523 42,691,695 238,700,274

Statistics Canada's Future-Oriented Condensed Statement of Operations (unaudited) for the year ended March 31, 2022, is available on the agency website. The assumptions underlying the forecasts were made before the completion of the 2020‒21 fiscal year.

The net cost of operations before government funding and transfers was $970.9 million, an increase of $238.7 million (32.6%) from $732.2 million in 2020‒21. The increase in expenses and revenues are mainly because of an overall increase in the agency's activities, particularly for the 2021 Census of Population Program. Additionally, salary costs increased because of the ratification of certain collective agreements in 2021‒2022.

The difference between actual and planned net costs for 2021‒22 is $42.7 million (4.6%). Expenses were $50.7 million higher than anticipated. The ratification of collective agreements and new initiatives, such as better data for better outcomes, strengthening long-term care and supportive care, enhancing business condition data and better understanding our environment, contributed to a significant increase in expenditures. Also contributing to this increase is funding that was carried forward from 2020‒21. This allowed the agency to meet the needs of its cyclical programs and to invest in its integrated strategic plans. The increases are partially offset by budget carried forward to 2022–23. Revenues were $8 million higher than anticipated.

For more information on the distribution of expenses by program and type, please see the two charts below.

Gross expenditures by core responsibility
Gross expenditures by core responsibility - Described in following paragraph

Total expenses, including respendable revenue and services provided without charge by federal government departments, were $1.1 billion in 2021‒2022. These expenses comprised $1.0 billion (91.4%) for statistical information and $94.9 million (8.6%) for internal services.

Gross expenditures by type
Gross expenditures by type - Described in following paragraph

Statistics Canada spent $1.1 billion in 2021‒2022. These expenses comprised $746.8 million for salaries and employee benefits (67.9%), $42.1 million for accommodation (3.8%), $166.8 million for professional and special services (15.2%), $61.5 million for transportation and postage (5.6%), $26.9 million for rentals (2.5%), $26.2 million for amortization (2.4%), $17.6 million in communication and printing ($1.6%), $9.5 million in materials and supplies (0.9%) and $1.5 million in other expenses (0.1%).

Condensed Statement of Financial Position (unaudited) as of March 31, 2022 (dollars)
Financial information 2021–22 2020–21 Difference (2021–22 minus 2020–21)
Total net liabilities 142,525,338 160,919,348 -18,394,010
Total net financial assets 67,079,045 77,141,756 -10,062,711
Departmental net debt 75,446,293 83,777,592 -8,331,299
Total non-financial assets 170,908,816 170,230,625 678,191
Departmental net financial position 95,462,523 86,453,033 9,009,490

The departmental net financial position was $95.5 million at the end of 2021‒22, an increase of $9 million from $86.5 million in 2020‒21.

The decrease in total net liabilities is mainly explained by a decrease in accrued liabilities for vacation pay and compensatory leave resulting from the mandatory cash-out of vacation and compensatory leave and a decrease in accounts payable.

The decrease in total net financial assets is mainly explained by a decrease in the amount due from the Consolidated Revenue Fund as of March 31, 2022, to pay for accounts payable and accrued salaries and wages. This is offset by an increase in accounts receivable from other government departments and external parties.

For more information on the distribution of the balances in the statements of financial position, please see the two charts below.

Assets by type
Assets by type - Described in following paragraph

Total assets, including financial and non-financial assets, were $238 million at the end of 2021‒22. Tangible capital assets represented the largest portion of assets at $163.5 million (68.7%). They consisted of informatics software ($85.3 million), software under development ($62.6 million), leasehold improvements ($13.9 million) and other assets ($1.7 million). The remaining portion comprised $60.4 million for amounts due from the Consolidated Revenue Fund (25.4%), $5.7 million for prepaid expenses (2.4%), $6.7 million for accounts receivable and advances (2.8%) and $1.7 million for consumable supplies (0.7%).

Liabilities by type
Liabilities by type - Described in following paragraph

Total liabilities were $142.5 million at the end of 2021‒22. Accounts payable and accrued liabilities made up the largest portion of liabilities at $77.9 million (54.7%). They consisted of accounts payable to external parties ($30.2 million), accounts payable to other federal government departments and agencies ($13.3 million) and accrued salaries and wages ($34.4 million). The next largest portion was vacation pay and compensatory leave at $47.9 million (33.6%), and employee future benefits made up $16.7 million (11.7%).