Canadian Statistics Advisory Council (CSAC) Virtual Meeting - May 21, 2021

Friday, May 21, 2021

Attendence

CSAC Members Attendance

Dr. Howard Ramos (Chairperson), Gurmeet Ahluwalia, Anil Arora, David Chaundy, Annette Hester, Jan Kestle, Gail Mc Donald, Dr. Michael Wolfson

CSAC Members Regrets

Dr. Celine Le Bourdais

Statistics Canada

Lynn Barr-Telford, Pierre Desrochers, Stephane Dufour, Jacques Fauteux, Melanie Forsberg, Monia Lahaie, Andre Loranger, Greg Peterson, Martin St-Yves, Geoff Bowlby, Christine Leger, Andrea Levett

Innovation, Science and Industry

Steven Schwendt

Meeting Agenda

Meeting agenda for meeting on Friday, May 21, 2021
Time Agenda Item Lead Participant(s)
13:00 – 13:15 Chairperson Introductory Remarks Howard Ramos
CSAC Chairperson
13:15 – 13:45 Update from the Chief Statistician and Roundtable Discussion Anil Arora
Chief Statistician of Canada
CSAC members
All Assistant Chief Statisticians
13:45 – 13:50 Health Break  
13:50 – 14:35 Update on Census and Roundtable Discussion Stephane Dufour
Assistant Chief Statistician
Jacques Fauteux
Assistant Chief Statistician
Briefing on Census
25 minutes		 Lynn Barr-Telford
Assistant Chief Statistician

Geoff Bowlby
Director General
Discussion and Q&A
20 minutes		 Christine Leger
Director
Andrea Levett
Assistant Director
14:35 – 14:40 Health Break  
14:40 – 15:10 Update on Working Groups and Roundtable Discussion  
Update from Working group
15 minutes		 Jan Kestle CSAC member and Working Group 1 lead
Update on working group 2
5 minutes		 Celine Le Bourdais CSAC member and Working Group 2 lead
Update on working group 3
5 minutes		 Annette Hester CSAC member and Working Group 3 lead
Round Table Feedback from Assistant Chief Statisticians All Assistant Chief Statisticians
15:10 – 15:15 Health Break  
15:15 – 16:00 Update on the annual report
In Camera		 CSAC members

Meeting Minutes

1. Chairperson Opening Remarks

Dr. Ramos kicked off the meeting by welcoming participants.

He provided progress updates on:

  • the three council working groups i.e., Enabling Role of Statistics Canada, Data Spine/ Data Core and Data Gaps
  • the development of the 2021 annual Council report
  • key meetings he recently attended in his capacity as Council Chairperson

Dr. Ramos took the opportunity to thank the Chief Statistician and all the Assistant Chief Statisticians and their teams for their support and work towards the Council. He concluded his remarks with an overview of the meeting agenda and expected outcomes.

2. Update from the Chief Statistician and Roundtable Discussion

The Chief Statistician welcomed meeting participants. He reiterated the importance of the Council's advice and its impact on the agency's service to Canadians within the current operating context. He provided an overview of recent progress and accomplishments by the agency.

He highlighted some federal Budget 2021 investments and the path forward for the agency to obtain funding and implement the initiatives. This includes:

  • a Disaggregated Data Action Plan to help the agency achieve better insights and decisions for a more equitable Canada, by collecting, analyzing, and disseminating disaggregated data
  • funding for a Census of the Environment to help enumerate the extent and characteristics of Canada's ecosystems, providing a geospatial link to human activity; proposals sponsored by other federal departments (i.e. health-care experience and correlates, justice data modernization, COVID-19 surge capacity, data linkage of gender-based violence, Indigenous statistical capacity development, sexual and reproductive health, rural economic development, federal jurisdiction workplace survey and indicators on adaptation to climate change)
  • funding to better integrate quality of life measurements into decision-making
  • funding to support a data lab developed in conjunction with the Canadian Chamber of Commerce

The Chief Statistician provided an overview of progress on Census 2021, thanking his team for positive results to date and on planned operations going forward.

He also informed the Council of the completion of the review of Statistics Canada's Policy on Official Release. The Chief Statistician thanked Dr. Ramos, the Council's Chairperson and the Chairs of the agency's Departmental Audit Committee and Advisory Committee on Ethics and Microdata Access for their guidance and advice on this review.

Before inviting participants to a roundtable discussion, the Chief Statistician highlighted recent innovative and noteworthy work at Statistics Canada. This includes, winning two federal government innovation awards; reaching 1800 members nationally via the agency's Data Science Network and collaborating with Apolitical, a global learning platform for public servants, to deliver a Data Literacy Bootcamp pilot targeting municipal government learners. He also touched on an ongoing review of the Statistics Act for possible enhancements to better align the legislation to the digital reality. The agency continues to produce an alternate Consumer Price Index measure, using a basket adjusted to changing consumer spending, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. As well, the Chief Statistician indicated that the agency maintains support to national contact tracing and follow-up efforts on behalf of provinces, territories and public health units. He thanked his Assistant Chief Statisticians for their support and good work.

3. Update on Census and Roundtable Discussion

Dr. Ramos invited Statistics Canada Assistant Chief Statisticians to provide updates to Council members on the Census, touching on communications and engagement, operations and census content.

Council members congratulated the agency for a creative communications and engagement campaign and for the hard work in coordinating Census operations. Council members and the Census program teams discussed engagement, next steps and Council members shared the positive feedback they received within their respective networks.

4. Update on Working Groups and Roundtable Discussion

Dr. Ramos invited Council working groups to offer updates on the progress of working groups to date.

Working Group 1 – Enabling Statistics Canada is exploring how to enable Statistics Canada through legislation, by providing input to the revisions of the Statistics Act. It includes CSAC members, Jan Kestle (lead), David Chaundy, Gail Mc Donald and Dr. Howard Ramos. Ms. Kestle reported that the group made a presentation to other members of the Council and received positive feedback, which it will incorporate. Ms. Kestle thanked the agency for support in better understanding the Act and related privacy issues and for the opportunity to engage some Indigenous community representatives on key issues and how to look at the Statistics Act in relations to those issues. Over the summer, the group will reconvene to advance its work.

Working Group 2 – Data Spine/ Data Core is focusing on data stewardship and governance. Group members are Dr. Celine Le Bourdais (lead), Gurmeet Ahluwalia, Dr. Howard Ramos and Dr. Michael Wolfson. Dr. Ramos provided an update on behalf of the group. He thanked the agency for informative briefings to the working group session, on the agency's data analytics as a service, to enable the delivery of business capabilities in a more agile, responsive manner and on the Virtual data lab, a more flexible approach to data access. He noted that the information will inform the development of the Council's annual report.

Working Group 3 – Data Gaps will look at data and systemic gaps. Group members are Annette Hester (lead), Celine Le Bourdais, Dr. Gail Mc Donald, Dr. Howard Ramos, and Dr. Michael Wolfson. Ms. Hester reported that the group held a kick-off meeting. She offered preliminary observations from conversations with Statistics Canada officials, which revealed a need for more foresight and a longer-term outlook in relations to addressing data gaps. The working group is developing recommendations in that area, including systemic causes, such as jurisdictional issues.

In his capacity as Council Chairperson, Dr. Ramos emphasized the importance of focusing on the impact members want to achieve for the working groups and their recommendations. He noted the complementary nature of the three working groups, the opportunity to work collaboratively across the groups.

In closing this segment, Dr. Ramos invited Council members and Statistics Canada Assistant Chief Statisticians to provide comments on progress to date. He thanked participants for all their contributions.

5. Update on the annual report

This segment of the meeting was an in camera portion where members discussed next steps for the Council.

Data Elements and Violation Coding Structure for the Uniform Crime Reporting Survey - 2020

The Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Survey was designed to measure the incidence of crime in Canadian society and its characteristics. Presented are the data elements that are available from the survey, and the violation codes that are used in data collection.

Data Elements

  • Date of Birth/Age (CSC and victim)
  • Attempted/Completed Violation
  • Charges Laid or Recommended
  • Clearance Date
  • Counter - Frauds and Motor Vehicles
  • CSC Status (Charged/Suspect - Chargeable)
  • Cybercrime
  • Date Charges Laid or Recommended or Processed By Other Means
  • Fingerprint Section I.D. (FPS) Number
  • Fraud Type
  • Gender
  • Hate Crime
  • Incident Clearance Status
  • Incident Date/Time (From and To Date and Time)
  • Incident File Number
  • Level of Injury
  • Location of Incident
  • Most Serious Violation / Violations
  • Most Serious Violation Against The Victim (VAV)
  • Most Serious Weapon Present
  • Motor Vehicle Recovery
  • Name/Primary Key
  • Organized Crime
  • Peace – Public Officer Status
  • Property Stolen
  • Relationship of CSC, (Charged/Suspect – Chargeable), To The Victim
  • Report Date
  • Respondent Code
  • Soundex Code (CSC and victim)
  • Target Vehicle
  • Vehicle Type
  • Weapon Causing Injury

Violation Structure for the Uniform Crime Reporting Survey

Crimes Against the Person

Violations Causing Death

  • Murder 1st Degree
  • Murder 2nd Degree
  • Manslaughter
  • Infanticide
  • Criminal Negligence Causing Death
  • Other Related Offences Causing Death

Attempting the Commission of a Capital Crime

  • Attempted Murder
  • Conspire to Commit Murder

Sexual Violations

  • Sexual Assault, Level 3, Aggravated Sexual Assault
  • Sexual Assault, Level 2, With A Weapon or Bodily Harm
  • Sexual Assault, Level 1
  • Other Sexual Crimes (expired 2008-03-31)
  • Sexual Interference (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Invitation To Sexual Touching (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Sexual Exploitation (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Sexual Exploitation of a Person with a Disability (effective 2008-05-01)
  • Incest (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Corrupting Morals of a Child (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Making Sexually Explicit Material Available to Children (effective 2012-08-09)
  • Parent or Guardian Procuring Sexual Activity
  • Household Permitting Prohibited Sexual Activity
  • Luring a Child via a Computer (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Agreement or Arrangement - sexual offence against child
  • Anal Intercourse (expired 2019-06-20)
  • Bestiality - Commit or Compel Person (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Bestiality in Presence of, or Incites, a Child
  • Voyeurism (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Non-Consensual Distribution of Intimate Images (effective 2015-03-09)
  • Sexual Offence which Occurred Prior to January 4, 1983 (effective 2019-11-04)

Assaults

  • Aggravated Assault Level 3
  • Assault With Weapon or Causing Bodily Harm Level 2
  • Assault Level 1
  • Unlawfully Causing Bodily Harm
  • Discharge Firearm with Intent
  • Using Firearm/Imitation of Firearm in Commission of Offence (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Pointing a Firearm (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Assault Against Peace Public Officer
  • Assault Against Peace Officer with a Weapon or Causing Bodily Harm (effective 2009-10-02)
  • Aggravated Assault Against Peace Officer (effective 2009-10-02)
  • Criminal Negligence Causing Bodily Harm
  • Trap Likely to or Causing Bodily Harm (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Other Assaults

Violations Resulting in the Deprivation of Freedom

  • Kidnapping / Forcible Confinement (expired 2010-01-08)
  • Kidnapping (effective 2010-01-08)
  • Forcible Confinement (effective 2010-01-08)
  • Hostage Taking
  • Trafficking in Persons (effective 2005-11-01)
  • Abduction Under 14, Not Parent/Guardian
  • Abduction Under 16
  • Removal of Children from Canada (effective 1998-01-01)
  • Abduction Under 14 Contravening A Custody Order
  • Abduction Under 14, by Parent/Guardian

Sexual Services Offences

  • Obtaining Sexual Services for Consideration (effective 2014-12-06)
  • Obtaining Sexual Services for Consideration from Person Under 18 Years (effective 2014-12-06)
  • Receive Material Benefit from Sexual Services (effective 2014-12-06)
  • Receive Material Benefit from Sexual Services Provided by a Person Under 18 Years (effective 2014-12-06)
  • Procuring (effective 2014-12-06)
  • Procuring - Person Under 18 Years (effective 2014-12-06)
  • Advertising Sexual Services (effective 2014-12-06)

Other Violations Involving Violence or the Threat of Violence

  • Robbery
  • Robbery to Steal Firearm (effective 2008-05-01)
  • Extortion
  • Intimidation of a Justice System Participant or a Journalist (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Intimidation of a Non-Justice System Participant (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Criminal Harassment (effective 1994-01-01)
  • Indecent/Harassing Communications (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Utter Threats to Person (effective 1998-01-01)
  • Explosives Causing Death/Bodily Harm (effective 1998-01-01)
  • Arson – Disregard for Human Life (effective 1999-05-01)
  • Failure to Comply with Mandatory Safeguards in Relation to Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID)(effective 2016-06-17)
  • Forging or Destroying Documents Related to Assistance Requests with Criminal Intent (MAID)(effective 2016-06-17)
  • Other Violations Against the Person

Crimes Against Property

  • Arson
  • Break and Enter
  • Break and Enter to Steal Firearm (effective 2008-05-01)
  • Break and Enter a Motor Vehicle (Firearm) (effective 2008-05-01)
  • Theft Over $5,000
  • Theft of a Motor Vehicle over $5,000 (effective 2004-01-01) (expired 2011-04-28)
  • Theft Over $5,000 from a Motor Vehicle (effective 2004-01-01)
  • Shoplifting Over $5,000 (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Motor Vehicle Theft (effective 2011-04-29)
  • Theft $5,000 or Under
  • Theft of a Motor Vehicle $5,000 and Under (effective 2004-01-01) (expired 2011-04-28)
  • Theft $5,000 or Under from a Motor Vehicle (effective 2004-01-01)
  • Shoplifting $5,000 or Under (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Have Stolen Goods (expired 2011-04-28)
  • Trafficking in Stolen Goods over $5,000 (effective 2011-04-29)
  • Possession of Stolen Goods over $5,000 (effective 2011-04-29)
  • Trafficking in Stolen Goods $5,000 and under (effective 2011-04-29)
  • Possession of Stolen Goods $5,000 and under (effective 2011-04-29)
  • Fraud
  • Identity Theft (effective 2010-01-08)
  • Identity Fraud (effective 2010-01-08)
  • Mischief
  • Mischief over $5,000 (expired 2008-03-31)
  • Mischief $5,000 or Under (expired 2008-03-31)
  • Mischief in Relation to Cultural Property (effective 2014-06-19)
  • Hate-Motivated Mischief Relating to Property Used by Identifiable Group (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Mischief Relating to War Memorials (effective 2014-06-19)
  • Altering/Destroying/Removing a Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) (effective 2011-04-29)

Other Criminal Code Violations

Prostitution

  • Bawdy House (expired 2014-12-05)
  • Living off the Avails of Prostitution of a Person Under 18 (effective 1998-01-01) (expired 2014- 12-05)
  • Procuring (expired 2014-12-05)
  • Obtains/Communicates with a Person Under 18 for Purpose of Sex (effective 1998-01-01) (expired 2014-12-05)
  • Other Prostitution (expired 2014-12-05)
  • Public Communication to Sell Sexual Services (effective 2014-12-06)
  • Offences Related to Impeding Traffic to Buy or Sell Sexual Services (effective 2014-12-06)

Disorderly Houses, Gaming and Betting

  • Betting House
  • Gaming House
  • Other Violations Related to Gaming and Betting
  • Common Bawdy House (expired 2019-06-20)

Offensive Weapons

  • Explosives
  • Prohibited (expired 1998-12-01)
  • Restricted (expired 1998-12-01)
  • Firearm Transfers/Serial Numbers (expired 1998-12-01)
  • Other Offensive Weapons (expired 1998-12-01)
  • Using Firearms/Imitation (expired 2008-03-31)
  • Weapons Trafficking (effective 1998-12-01)
  • Weapons Possession Contrary to Order (effective 1998-12-01)
  • Possession of Weapons (effective 1998-12-01)
  • Unauthorized Importing/Exporting of Weapons (effective 1998-12-01)
  • Pointing a Firearm (expired 2008-03-31)
  • Firearms Documentation/Administration (effective 1998-12-01)
  • Unsafe Storage of Firearms (effective 1998-12-01)

Other Criminal Code

  • Failure to Comply with Order
  • Counterfeiting
  • Disturb the Peace
  • Escapes or Helps Escape From Lawful Custody
  • Indecent Acts
  • Possessing or Accessing Child pornography
  • Making, or Distribution of Child Pornography
  • Voyeurism (expired 2008-03-31)
  • Corrupting Morals
  • Luring a Child Via a Computer (expired 2008-03-31)
  • Obstruct Public Peace Officer
  • Prisoner Unlawfully At Large
  • Trespass at Night
  • Failure to Appear
  • Breach of Probation
  • Threatening/Harassing Phone Calls (expired 2008-03-31)
  • Utter Threats Against Property or Animals (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Advocating Genocide (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Public Incitement Of Hatred (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Unauthorized Recording of a Movie/Purpose of Sale, Rental, Commercial Distribution (2007-06- 22)
  • Offences Against Public Order (Part II CC)
  • Property or Services for Terrorist Activity (effective 2002-01-01)
  • Freezing of Property, Disclosure, Audit (effective 2002-01-01)
  • Participate in Activity of Terrorist Group (effective 2002-01-01)
  • Facilitate Terrorist Activity (effective 2002-01-01)
  • Instruction/Commission of Act of Terrorism (effective 2002-01-01)
  • Harbor or Conceal Terrorist (effective 2002-01-01) (expired 2013-07-14)
  • Hoax – Terrorism (effective 2005-01-01)
  • Advocating/Promoting Terrorism Offence (effective 2015-07-18)
  • Firearms and Other Offensive Weapons (Part III CC)
  • Leaving Canada to Participate in Terrorist Group (effective 2013-07-15)
  • Leaving Canada to Facilitate Terrorist Group (effective 2013-07-15)
  • Leaving Canada to Commit Offence for Terrorist Group (effective 2013-07-15)
  • Leaving Canada to Commit Offence that is Terrorist Activity (effective 2013-07-15)
  • Harbour / Conceal Terrorist (max. penalty for terrorist activity does not equal life) (effective 2013-07-25)
  • Harbour / Conceal Person Likely to Carry Out Terrorist Activity (effective 2013-07-15)
  • Concealing Person who Carried Out Terrorist Activity that is a Terrorism Offence for which that Person is Liable to Imprisonment for Life (effective 2013-07-15)
  • Concealing Person who Carried Out Terrorist Activity that is a Terrorism Offence for which that Person is Liable to Any Punishment Other than Life (effective 2013-07-15)
  • Harbour / Conceal Person Likely to Carry Out Terrorist Activity (effective 2013-07-15)
  • Offences Against the Administration of Law and Justice (Part IV CC)
  • Sexual Offences, Public Morals and Disorderly Conduct (Part V CC)
  • Invasion of Privacy (Part VI CC)
  • Disorderly Houses, Gaming and Betting (Part VII CC) (expired 2008-03-31)
  • Offences Against the Person and Reputation (Part VIII CC)
  • Failure to Comply with the Regulations/Obligations for Medical Assistance in Dying
  • Offences Against the Rights of Property (Part IX CC)
  • Fraudulent Transactions Relating to Contracts and Trade (Part X CC)
  • Intimidation of Justice System Participant (expired 2008-03-31)
  • Willful and Forbidden Acts in Respect of Certain Property (Part XI CC)
  • Offences Related to Currency (Part XII CC)
  • Proceeds of Crime (Part XII.2 CC) (effective 1998-01-01)
  • Attempts, Conspiracies, Accessories (Part XIII CC)
  • Instruct Offence for Criminal Organization (effective 2002-01-01)
  • Commit Offence for Criminal Organization (effective 2002-01-01)
  • Participate in Activities of Criminal Organization (effective 2002-01-01)
  • Recruitment of Members by a Criminal Organization (effective 2014-09-06)
  • All other Criminal Code (includes Part XII.1 CC)

Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (effective 1997-06-01)

Possession

  • Heroin
  • Cocaine
  • Other Controlled Drugs and Substances Act
  • Cannabis (Pre-legalization) (expired 2018-10-16)
  • Methamphetamine (Crystal Meth) (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Methylenedioxyamphetamine (Ecstasy) (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Opioid (Other than Heroin)

Trafficking

  • Heroin
  • Cocaine
  • Other Controlled Drugs and Substances Act
  • Cannabis (Pre-legalization) (expired 2018-10-16)
  • Methamphetamine (Crystal Meth) (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Methylenedioxyamphetamine (Ecstasy) (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Opioid (Other than Heroin)

Importation and Exportation

  • Heroin
  • Cocaine
  • Other Controlled Drugs and Substances Act
  • Cannabis (Pre-legalization) (expired 2018-10-16)
  • Methamphetamine (Crystal Meth) (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Methylenedioxyamphetamine (Ecstasy) (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Opioid (Other than Heroin)

Production

  • Heroin (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Cocaine (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Other Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Cannabis (Pre-legalization) (expired 2018-10-16)
  • Methamphetamine (Crystal Meth) (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Methylenedioxyamphetamine (Ecstasy) (effective 2008-04-01)
  • Opioid (Other than Heroin)

Other

  • Possession, Sale, etc., for Use in Production of or Trafficking in Substance (effective 2011-06-26)
  • Proceeds of Crime (CDSA) (expired 2002-02-01)

Cannabis Act (effective 2018-10-17)

Possession

  • Possession of Illicit or Over 30g Dried Cannabis (or Equivalent) by Adult (effective 2018-10-17)
  • Possession of Over 5g Dried Cannabis (or Equivalent) by Youth (effective 2018-10-17)
  • Possession of Budding or Flowering Plants, or More than Four Cannabis Plants (effective 2018-10-17)
  • Possession of Cannabis by Organization (effective 2018-10-17)

Distribution

  • Distribution of Illicit, Over 30g Dried Cannabis (or equivalent), or to an Organization, by Adult (effective 2018-10-17)
  • Distribution of Cannabis to Youth, by Adult (effective 2018-10-17)
  • Distribution of Over 5g Dried Cannabis (or Equivalent), or to an Organization, by Youth (effective 2018-10-17)
  • Distribution of Budding or Flowering Plants, or More than Four Cannabis Plants (effective 2018-10-17)
  • Distribution of Cannabis by Organization (effective 2018-10-17)
  • Possession of Cannabis for Purpose of Distributing (effective 2018-10-17)

Sale

  • Sale of Cannabis to Adult (effective 2018-10-17)
  • Sale of Cannabis to Youth (effective 2018-10-17)
  • Sale of Cannabis to an Organization (effective 2018-10-17)
  • Possession of Cannabis for Purpose of Selling (effective 2018-10-17)

Importation and Exportation

  • Importation and Exportation of Cannabis (effective 2018-10-17)
  • Possession of Cannabis for Purpose of Exportation (effective 2018-10-17)

Production

  • Obtain, Offer to Obtain, Alter or Offer to Alter Cannabis (effective 2018-10-17)
  • Cultivate, Propagate or Harvest Cannabis by Adult (effective 2018-10-17)
  • Cultivate, Propagate or Harvest Cannabis by Youth or Organization (effective 2018-10-17)

Other Cannabis Violations

  • Possess, Produce, Sell, Distribute or Import Anything for Use in Production or Distribution of Illicit Cannabis (effective 2018-10-17)
  • Use of Young Person in the Commission of a Cannabis Offence (effective 2018-10-17)
  • Other Cannabis Act (effective 2018-10-17)

Other Federal Statute Violations

  • Bankruptcy Act
  • Income Tax Act
  • Canada Shipping Act
  • Canada Health Act
  • Customs Act
  • Competition Act
  • Excise Act
  • Young Offenders Act (expired 2003-03-31)
  • Youth Criminal Justice Act (effective 2003-04-01)
  • Immigration & Refugee Protection Act
  • Human Trafficking (effective 2011-04-29)
  • Human Smuggling fewer than 10 persons (effective 2011-04-29)
  • Human Smuggling 10 persons or more (effective 2011-04-29)
  • Firearms Act (effective 1998-12-01)
  • National Defence Act (effective 2002-01-01)
  • Quarantine Act
  • Other Federal Statutes

Traffic Violations

Dangerous Operation

  • Causing Death
  • Causing Bodily Harm
  • Operation of Motor Vehicle, Vessel or Aircraft

Flight from Peace Officer

  • Causing Death (effective 2000-03-30) (expired 2018-12-17)
  • Causing Bodily-Harm (effective 2000-03-30) (expired 2018-12-17)
  • Flight From Peace Officer (effective 2000-03-30)

Impaired Operation/Related Violations

  • Failure to Comply or Refusal (Alcohol) (expired 2018-12-17)
  • Failure to Comply or Refusal (Drugs) (expired 2018-12-17)
  • Failure to Provide Blood Sample (Alcohol) (expired 2018-12-17)
  • Failure to Provide Blood Sample (Drugs) (expired 2018-12-17)
  • Operation - Low Blood Drug Concentration
  • Operation while Impaired Causing Death (Alcohol)
  • Operation while Impaired Causing Death (Drugs)
  • Operation while Impaired Causing Death (Alcohol and Drugs)
  • Operation while Impaired Causing Death (Unspecified)
  • Operation while Impaired Causing Bodily Harm (Alcohol)
  • Operation while Impaired Causing Bodily Harm (Drugs)
  • Operation while Impaired Causing Bodily Harm (Alcohol and Drugs)
  • Operation while Impaired Causing Bodily Harm (Unspecified)
  • Operation while Impaired (Alcohol)
  • Operation while Impaired (Drugs)
  • Operation while Impaired (Alcohol and Drugs)
  • Operation while Impaired (Unspecified)
  • Fail/Refuse to Comply with Demand (Alcohol)
  • Fail/Refuse to Comply with Demand (Drugs)
  • Fail/Refuse to Comply with Demand (Alcohol and Drugs)
  • Fail/Refuse to Comply with Demand (Unspecified)
  • Fail/Refuse to Comply with Demand, Accident Resulting in Bodily Harm (alcohol)
  • Fail/Refuse to Comply with Demand, Accident Resulting in Bodily Harm (Drugs)
  • Fail/Refuse to Comply with Demand, Accident Resulting in Bodily Harm (Alcohol and Drugs)
  • Fail/Refuse to Comply with Demand, Accident Resulting in Bodily Harm (Unspecified)
  • Fail/Refuse to Comply with Demand, Accident Resulting in Death (Alcohol)
  • Fail/Refuse to Comply with Demand, Accident Resulting in Death (Drugs)
  • Fail/Refuse to Comply with Demand, Accident Resulting in Death (Alcohol and Drug)
  • Fail/Refuse to Comply with Demand, Accident Resulting in Death (Unspecified)

Other Criminal Code Traffic Violations

  • Failure to Stop or Remain (unspecified) (expired 2011-04-28)
  • Failure to Stop Causing Death (effective 2011-04-29)
  • Failure to Stop Causing Bodily Harm (effective 2011-04-29)
  • Failure to Stop or Remain (effective 2011-04-29)
  • Operation While Prohibited
  • Other Criminal Code (expired 2018-12-17)

Street Racing (expired 2018-12-17)

  • Causing Death by Criminal Negligence While Street Racing (effective 2006-12-14) (expired 2018-12-17)
  • Causing Bodily Harm by Criminal Negligence While Street Racing (effective 2006-12-14) (expired 2018-12-17)
  • Dangerous Operation Causing Death While Street Racing (effective 2006-12-14) (expired 2018-12-17)
  • Dangerous Operation Causing Bodily Harm While Street Racing (effective 2006-12-14) (expired 2018-12-17)
  • Dangerous Operation of Motor Vehicle While Street Racing (effective 2006-12-14) (expired 2018-12-17)

For more information, contact Information and Client Services, Canadian Centre for Justice and Community Safety Statistics by email at: statcan.ccjcss-ccsjsc.statcan@statcan.gc.ca

Canadian Health Measures Survey - Bibliography - 2022

Background documentation

Health Reports articles

Bryan, Shirley, Marc St-Denis and Dana Wojtas. 2007. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Clinic operations and logistics." Health Reports. Supplement to Vol. 18. December. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-SPE. pp. 53 to 70.

Day, Brent, Renée Langlois, Mark Tremblay and Bartha-Maria Knoppers. 2007. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Ethical, legal and social issues." Health Reports. Supplement to Vol. 18. December. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-SPE. pp. 37 to 51.

Garriguet, Didier. 2008. "Impact of identifying plausible respondents on the under-reporting of energy intake in the Canadian Community Health Survey." Health Reports. Vol. 19, no. 4. October. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 47 to 55.

Giroux, Suzelle. 2007. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Sampling strategy overview." Health Reports. Supplement to Vol. 18. December. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-SPE. pp. 31 to 36.

Shields, Margot, Sarah Conner Gorber and Mark S. Tremblay. 2008. "Estimates of obesity based on self-report versus direct measures." Health Reports. Vol. 19, no. 2. June. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 61 to 76.

Tremblay, Mark S., Michael Wolfson and Sarah Connor Gorber. 2007. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Rationale, background and overview." Health Reports. Supplement to Vol. 18. December. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-SPE. pp. 7 to 20.

Tremblay, Mark, Renée Langlois, Shirley Bryan, Dale Esliger and Julienne Patterson. 2007. "Canadian Health Measures Survey Pre-test: Design, methods, results." Health Reports. Supplement to Vol. 18. December. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003- SPE. pp. 21 to 30.

External articles and publications

Canadian Institute for Health Information. 2004. "The Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health of the Nation. Vol. 1. Winter. p. 7.

Castle, David and Nola M. Ries. 2007. "Ethical, legal and social issues in nutrigenomics: the challenges of regulating service delivery and building health professional capacity." Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis. Vol. 622, no. 1-2. September. pp. 138 to 143.

Connor Gorber, Sarah, Mark Tremblay, D. Moher and B. Gorber. 2007. "A comparison of direct vs. self-report measures for assessing height, weight and body mass index: a systemic review." Obesity Reviews. Vol. 8, no. 4. pp. 307 to 326.

Dietitians of Canada. 2006. "New Statistics Canada survey to take direct physical measures of nutritional health." Members in Action. November. pp. 4 to 5.

Dewailly, Éric, Pierre Ayotte, Daria Pereg, Serge Déry, Renée Dallaire, Julie Fontaine, Suzanne Côté et Louis Rochette. 2008. "Exposition aux Métaux d'origine environnementale au Nunavik" Institut national de santé publique du Québec. Vol. 19, no. 2. Mars-Juin.

Équipe de l'Enquête canadienne sur les mesures de la santé. 2008. "Biosurveillance des substances chimiques de l'environnement." Bulletin d'information en santé environnementale. Vol. 19, no. 2. Mars-Juin. pp. 7 to 8.

Esliger, Dale W., Adam Probert, Sarah Connor Gorber, Shirley Bryan, Manon Laviolette and Mark S. Tremblay. 2007. "Validity of the Actical accelerometer step-count function." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. Vol. 39, no. 7. pp. 1200 to 1204.

Journal of the Canadian Dental Association. 2007. "Canadian Health Measures Survey Gets Underway." Journal of the Canadian Dental Association. Vol. 73, no. 2. March. p. 116.

---. 2009. "The JCDA Interview: Dr. Peter Cooney: Canada's Chief Dental Officer." Journal of the Canadian Dental Association. Vol. 75, no. 1. February. pp. 29 to 31.

Lavigne, Salme E, and Paul J Allison, (2022), "A Canadian national oral health survey—coming soon!", Can J Dent Hyg., 56(1):3-6, 01 February 2022.

Office of the Chief Dental Officer. 2007. "Statistics Canada's Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS)." Canadian Journal of Dental Hygiene. Vol. 41, no. 3. May-June. pp. 151 to 153.

Probert, Adam W., Mark S. Tremblay and Sarah Conner Gorber. 2008. "Desk Potatoes - "The Importance of Occupational Physical Activity on Health." Canadian Journal of Public Health. Vol. 99, no. 4. July-August. pp. 311 to 318.

Science and Technology for Canadians, (2019), "The Canadian Health Measures Survey: How Our National Biomonitoring Survey Helps Us Stay Healthy", The Science of Health Blog, 19 March 2019.

Sommerfeld, J. and A. M. Oduola. 2007. "Health-related biotechnologies for infectious disease control in Africa: Ethical, Legal and Social Implications (ELSI) of transfer and development." African Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences. Vol. 36, no. 1-5.

Spence, John C. 2004. "The Canadian Health Measures Survey: Introduction: Why Should We Give a Hoot about this Survey?" WellSpring. Vol. 15, no. 3. October. p. 1.

Tremblay, Mark. 2004a. "The Canadian Health Measures Survey: Background to the Canadian Health Measures Survey" WellSpring. Vol. 15, no. 3. October. pp. 2 to 4.

---. 2004b. "The Need for Directly Measured Health in Canada." Canadian Journal of Public Health. Vol. 95, no. 3. May-June. pp. 165 to 166.

Tremblay, Mark S. and Sarah Connor Gorber. 2007. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Brief overview." Canadian Journal of Public Health. Vol. 98, no. 6. November- December. pp. 453 to 456.

Preliminary releases, cycle 1

Health Reports articles

Wong, Suzy and Ellen J.D. Lye. 2008. "Lead, mercury and cadmium levels in Canadians." Health Reports. Vol. 19, no. 4. December. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 31 to 36.

The Daily releases

Statistics Canada. 2008. "Study: Lead, mercury and cadmium levels in Canadians." The Daily. November 19. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

---. 2009. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Vitamin D blood plasma concentrations in the population." The Daily. July 2. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

Undetermined Cycles

External articles and publications

Cheta, Nicholas, 2021, Associations of Urinary Concentrations of Organophosphates and Pyrethroids with Obesity and Diabetes in Canadian Adults, uO Research, University of Ottawa, 13 September 2021.

Colpitts, Benjamin H., Colpitts, Andrea Mayo, Mathieu Bélanger, Danielle R. Bouchard, Jonathan Boudreau, Brittany V. Rioux, and Martin Sénéchal, 2021, Exploring the Association of a Total Physical Activity Energy Expenditure and Diabetes Mellitus in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Canadian Health Measures Survey, Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders, Vol. 19, No. 10, 3 Dec 2021.

Garcia-Barrios, Joshua, Mallory Drysdale, Mylène Ratelle, Éric Gaudreau, Alain Leblanc, Mary Gamberg, Brian D. Laird.2021. "Biomarkers of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in Sub-Arctic and Arctic communities in Canada." International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health Vol. 235, June 2021

Cycle 1 (2007 to 2009)

Health Reports articles

Bryan, Shirley, Mathieu Saint-Pierre Larose, Norm Campbell, Janine Clarke and Mark S. Tremblay. 2010. "Resting blood pressure and heart rate measurement in the Canadian Health Measures Survey, cycle 1." Health Reports. Vol. 21, no. 1. March. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 71 to 78.

Bushnik, Tracey, Douglas A. Haines, Patrick Levallois, Johanne Levesque, Jay Van Oostdam and Claude Viau. 2010. "Lead and bisphenol A concentrations in the Canadian population." Health Reports. Vol. 21, no. 3. September. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 7 to 18.

Colapinto, Cynthia K., Deborah L. O'Connor, Lise Dubois and Mark S. Tremblay. 2012. "Prevalence and correlates of folic acid supplement use in Canada." Health Reports. Vol. 23, no. 2. June. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 39 to 44.

Colley, Rachel C., Didier Garriguet, Ian Janssen, Cora L. Craig, Janine Clarke and Mark S. Tremblay. 2011a. "Physical activity of Canadian adults: Accelerometer results from the 2007 to 2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Reports. Vol. 22, no. 1. March. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 7 to 14.

---. 2011b. "Physical activity of Canadian children and youth: Accelerometer results from the 2007 to 2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Reports. Vol. 22, no. 1. March. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 15 to 23.

Colley, Rachel C., Sarah Connor Gorber and Mark S. Tremblay. 2010. "Quality control and data reduction procedures for accelerometry-derived measures of physical activity." Health Reports. Vol. 21, no. 1. March. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 63 to 69.

Colley, Rachel C., Suzy L. Wong, Didier Garriguet, Ian Janssen, Sarah Connor Gorber and Mark S. Tremblay. 2012. "Physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep in Canadian children: Parent-report versus direct measures and relative associations with health risk." Health Reports. Vol. 23, no. 2. June. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 45 to 52.

Evans, Jessica, Yue Chen, Pat G. Camp, Dennis M. Bowie and Louise McRae. 2014. "Estimating the prevalence of COPD in Canada: Reported diagnosis versus measured airflow obstruction." Health Reports. Vol. 25, no. 3. March. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 3 to 11.

Garriguet, Didier and Rachel C. Colley. 2012. "Daily patterns of physical activity among Canadians." Health Reports. Vol. 23, no. 2. June. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 27 to 32.

Langlois, Kellie, Linda Greene-Finestone, Julian Little, Nick Hidiroglou and Susan Whiting. 2010. "Vitamin D status of Canadians as measured in the 2007 to 2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Reports. Vol. 21, no. 1. March. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 47 to 54.

Paradis, Gilles, Mark S. Tremblay, Ian Janssen, Arnaud Chiolero and Tracey Bushnik. 2010. "Blood pressure in Canadian children and adolescents." Health Reports. Vol. 21, no. 2. June. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 15 to 22.

Shields, Margot, Mark S. Tremblay, Manon Laviolette, Cora L. Craig, Ian Janssen and

Sarah Connor Gorber. 2010. "Fitness of Canadian adults: Results from the 2007-2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Reports. Vol. 21, no. 1. March. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 21 to 35.

Shields, Margot, Sarah Connor Gorber, Ian Janssen and Mark S. Tremblay. 2011a. "Bias in self-reported estimates of obesity in Canadian health surveys: An update on correction equations for adults." Health Reports. Vol. 22, no. 3. September. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 35 to 45.

---. 2011b. "Obesity estimates for children based on parent-reported versus direct measures." Health Reports. Vol. 22, no. 3. September. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 47 to 58.

---. 2012a. "Abdominal obesity and cardiovascular disease risk factors within body mass index categories." Health Reports. Vol. 23, no. 2. June. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 7 to 15.

---. 2012b. "Measures of abdominal obesity within body mass index categories, 1981 and 2007 to 2009." Health Reports. Vol. 23, no. 2. June. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 33 to 38.

Tremblay, Mark S., Margot Shields, Manon Laviolette, Cora L. Craig, Ian Janssen andSarah Connor Gorber. 2010. "Fitness of Canadian children and youth: Results from the 2007-2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Reports. Vol. 21, no. 1. March. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 7 to 20.

Wilkins, Kathryn, Marianne Gee and Norm Campbell. 2012. "The difference in hypertension control between older men and women." Health Reports. Vol. 23, no. 4. December. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 33 to 40.

Wilkins, Kathryn, Norman Campbell, Michel R. Joffres, Finlay A. McAlister, Marianne Nichol, Susan Quach, Helen L. Johansen and Mark S. Tremblay. 2010. "Blood pressure in Canadian adults." Health Reports. Vol. 21, no. 1. March. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 37 to 46.

Wong, Suzy L., Margot Shields, Scott Leatherdale, Eric Malaison and David Hammond. 2012. "Assessment of validity of self-reported smoking status." Health Reports. Vol. 23, no. 1. February. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 37 to 46.

The Daily releases

Statistics Canada. 2010a. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Body composition and fitness, 2007 to 2009." The Daily. January 13. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001- X.

---. 2010b. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Blood pressure in adults, 2007 to 2009." The Daily. February 17. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

---. 2010c. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Cholesterol and vitamin D levels, 2007 to 2009." The Daily. March 23. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

---. 2010d. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Blood pressure in children and adolescents, 2007 to 2009." The Daily. May 19. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

---. 2010e. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Lead, bisphenol A and mercury, 2007 to 2009." The Daily. August 16. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

---. 2010f. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: data on physical activity, 2007 to 2009." The Daily. November 23. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

---. 2011a. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Physical activity of youth and adults, 2007 to 2009." The Daily. January 19. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

---. 2011b. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Adult obesity prevalence in Canada and the United States, 2007 to 2009." The Daily. March 2. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

Health fact sheets

---. 2010g. "Aerobic fitness in Canada 2007 to 2009." Health Fact Sheets. January 13. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2010h. "Body composition of Canadian adults 2007 to 2009." Health Fact Sheets. January 13. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2010i. "Body mass index (BMI) for children and youth 2007 to 2009." Health Fact Sheets. January 13. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2010j. "Lung function results 2007 to 2009." Health Fact Sheets. January 13. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2010k. "Muskuloskeletal fitness in Canada 2007 to 2009." Health Fact Sheets. January 13. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2010l. "Oral health: Edentulous people in Canada 2007 to 2009." Health Fact Sheets. January 13. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2010m. "Heart health and cholesterol levels of Canadians 2007 to 2009." Health Fact Sheets. March 23. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2010n. "Vitamin D status of Canadians 2007 to 2009." Health Fact Sheets. March 23. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2010o. "Bisphenol A concentrations in the Canadian population, 2007 to 2009." Health Fact Sheets. August 16. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2010p. "Lead concentrations in the Canadian population, 2007 to 2009." Health Fact Sheets. August 16. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2010q. "Mercury concentrations in the Canadian population, 2007 to 2009." Health Fact Sheets. August 16. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2011c. "Adult obesity prevalence in Canada and the United States." Health Fact Sheets. March 2. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2011d. "Physical activity levels of Canadian adults, 2007 to 2009." Health Fact Sheets. September 28. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2011e. "Physical activity levels of Canadian children and youth, 2007 to 2009." Health Fact Sheets. September 28. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

Data tables

---. 2010r. Canadian Health Measures Survey: Cycle 1 Data Tables, 2007 to 2009 (table). Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-623-X.Ottawa, Ontario. 70 p.

External articles and publications

Adamo, Kristi B., Kellie A. Langlois, Kendra E. Brett and Rachel C. Colley. 2012. "Young children and parental physical activity levels: Findings from the Canadian Health Measures Survey." American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Vol. 43, no. 2. August. pp. 168 to 175.

Allison, P. J., T. Bailey, L. Beattie, S. Birch, L. Dempster and N. Edwards. 2014. "Improving access to oral health care for vulnerable people living in Canada." Ottawa, ON: Canadian Academy of Health Sciences.

Angerer, Jurgen, Lesa L. Aylward, Sean M. Hays, Birger Heinzow and Michael Wilhelm. 2011. "Human biomonitoring assessment values: Apporaches and data requirements." International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. Vol. 214, no. 5. September. pp. 348 to 360.

Arbuckle, TE., Davis, K., Boylan, K., Fisher, M., Fu, J. 2016 "Bisphenol A, phthalates and lead and learning and behavioral problems in Canadian children 6 - 11 years of age: CHMS 2007 - 2009" Elsevier, NeuroToxicology, Vol. 54, May 2016, pp. 89-98

Arbuckle, TE., Davis, K., Boylan, K., Fisher, M., Fu, J. "Proceed data for CHMS 2007-2009: Bisphenol A, phthalates and lead and learning and behavioral problems in Canadian children 6 - 19 years of age" Elsevier, NeuroToxicology, Vol. 8, September 2016, pp. 784-802

Arora, Paul, Priya Vasa, Darren Brenner, Karl Iglar, Phil McFarlane, Howard Morrison and Alaa Badawi. 2013. "Prevalence estimates of chronic kidney disease in Canada: Results of a nationally representative survey." Canadian Medical Association Journal. Vol. 185, no. 9. June. pp. E417 to E423.

Atwood, Kristin M., Cynthia J. Robitaille, Kim Reimer, Sulan Dai, Helen L. Johansen and Mark J. Smith. 2013. "Comparison of diagnosed, self-reported, and physically-measured hypertension in Canada." Canadian Journal of Cardiology. Vol. 29, no. 5. May. pp. 606 to 612.

Aylward, Lesa L., Evan Green, Miquel Porta, Leisa-Maree Toms, Elly Den Hond, Christine Schulz, Magda Gasull, Jose Pumarega, André Conrad, Marike Kolossa- Gehring, Greet Schoeters and Jochen F. Mueller. 2014. "Population variation in biomonitoring data for persistent organic pollutants (POPs): an examination of multiple population-based datasets for application to Australian pooled biomonitoring data." Environment International. Vol. 68. July. pp. 127 to 138.

Badawi, A, S Sayegh, E Sadoun, M Al-Thani, P Arora and PS Haddad. 2014 "Relationship between insulin resistance and plasma vitamin D in adults." Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy. July Vol. 7 pp 297-303.

Bonnet, Colin, Rasheda Rabbani, Michael E. K. Moffatt, Anastasia Kelekis-Cholakis and Robert Schroth. 2019. "The relation between periodontal disease and vitamin D." Journal of the Canadian Dental Association. Vol. 85. pp. 1 to 9.

Brenner, Darren R., Paul Arora, Bibiana García-Bailo, Howard Morrison, Ahmed El- Sohemy, Mohamed Karmali and Alaa Badawi. 2011. "The relationship between inflammation, metabolic syndrome and markers of cardiometabolic disease among Canadian adults." Journal of Diabetes & Metabolism. Vol. 2, no. 9. December.

Brenner, Darren R., Paul Arora, Bibiana García-Bailo, Thomas M.S. Wolever, Howard Morrison, Ahmed El-Sohemy, Mohamed Karmali and Alaa Badawi. 2011. "Plasma vitamin D levels and risk of metabolic syndrome in Canadians." Clinical and Investigative Medicine. Vol. 34, no. 6. December. pp. E377 to E384.

Cakmak, Sabit, Robert E. Dales, Blanco, C.V. (2016). "Does emotional health influence susceptibility to the physiologic effects of air pollution on adults?", International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 537-545, 31 August 2016.

Cakmak, Sabit, Robert E. Dales, C. Hebbern and Gurusankar Saravanabhavan. 2014. "The association between urinary phthalates and lung function." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Vol. 56, no. 4. April. pp. 376 to 381.

Cakmak, Sabit, Robert Dales, Judith Leech and Ling Liu. 2011. "The influence of air pollution on cardiovascular and pulmonary function and exercise capacity: Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS)." Environmental Research. Vol. 111, no. 8. November. pp. 1309 to 1312.

Chari, Malini, Vahid Ravaghi, Wael Sabbah, Noha Gomaa, Sonica Singhal, Carlos Quiñonez, (2022), "Oral health inequality in Canada, the United States and United Kingdom", PLOSE ONE, 04 May 2022.

Colapinto, Cynthia K, Deborah L. O'Connor, Lise Dubois, Mark S. Tremblay. 2015. "Prevalence and correlates of high red blood cell folate concentrations in the Canadian population using 3 proposed cut-offs.". Applied. Physiology. Nutrition and . Metabolism. October.

Chu, Anna, Deirdre Hennessy, Sharon Johnston, Jacob Udell, Dennis Ko, Anam Khan, Jing Jia and Jack Tu. 2018 "Linking big data for cardiovascular health surveillance - opportunities and challenges using the CANHEART cohort." International Journal of Population Data Science Vol. 3, no. 4. September.

Clarke, Janine and Ian Janssen. 2014. "Sporadic and bouted physical activity and the metabolic syndrome in adults." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. Vol. 46, no. 1. January. pp. 76 to 83.

Colapinto, Cynthia K., Deborah L. O'Connor and Mark S. Tremblay. 2011. "Folate status of the population in the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Canadian Medical Association Journal. Vol. 183, no. 2. February. pp. E100 to E106.

Colapinto, Cynthia K., Deborah L. O'Connor, L. Dubois and Mark S. Tremblay. 2012. "Folic acid supplement use is the most significant predictor of folate concentrations in Canadian women of childbearing age". Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism. Vol. 37, no. 2. pp. 284 to 292.

Colapinto, Cynthia K., Mark S. Tremblay, Susanne Aufreiter, Tracey Bushnik, Christine M. Pfeiffer and Deborah L. O'Connor. 2014. "The direction of the difference between Canadian and American erythrocyte folate concentrations is dependent on the assay method employed: a comparison of the Canadian Health Measures Survey and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey". British Journal of Nutrition. August. pp. 1 to 9.

Colley, Rachel C., Didier Garriguet, Ian Janssen, Suzy L. Wong, Travis J. Saunders, Valerie Carson and Mark S. Tremblay. 2013. "The association between accelerometer- measured patterns of sedentary time and health risk in children and youth: results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey." BMC Public Health. Vol. 13, no. 200. March.

Colley, Rachel C., Didier Garriguet, Kristi B. Adamo, Valerie Carson, Ian Janssen, Brian W. Timmons and Mark S. Tremblay. 2013. "Physical activity and sedentary behavior during the early years in Canada: a cross-sectional study." International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. Vol. 10, no. 54.

Colley, Rachel C., Ian Janssen and Mark S. Tremblay. 2012. "Daily step target to measure adherence to physical activity guidelines in children." Medicine & Science in Sport & Exercise. Vol. 44, no. 5. May. pp. 977 to 982.

Colley, Rachel C. and Mark S. Tremblay. 2011. "Moderate and vigorous physical activity intensity cut-points for the Actical accelerometer." Journal of Sports Sciences. Vol. 29, no. 8. May. pp. 783 to 789.

Collins, Kelsey H., Behnam Sharif, Claudia Sanmartin, Raylene A. Reimer, Walter Herzog, Rick Chin and Deborah A. Marshall. 2016. "Association of body mass index (BMI) and percent body fat among BMI-defined non-obese middle-aged individuals: Insights from a population-based Canadian sample." Canadian Journal of Public Health. Vol. 107, no. 6. November. pp. e520 to e525.

Cooney, P., 2010. "Preface to the Canadian Health Measures Survey results Oral health statistics, 2007-2009" Chronic Diseases in Canada. Vol. 30, no. 4 September. pp. 115 to 116

Craig, Cora L., Margot Shields, Allana G. Leblanc and Mark S. Tremblay. 2012. "Trends in aerobic fitness among Canadians, 1981 to 2007 - 2009." Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism. Vol. 37, no. 3. pp. 511 to 519.

Crane, Connie Jeske. 2014. "Getting girls to stay in the game." Herizons. Vol. 27, no. 3. Winter. pp. 7 to 9.

Curren, Meredith. 2017. "Special analysis of metals in adults from Cycle 1 of the CHMS and which excludes children (18-79)". NCP CACAR IV Report. May.

Cushman, Reid, A. Michael Froomkinb, Anita Cavac, Patricia Abrilc and Kenneth W. Goodman. 2010. "Ethical, legal and social issues for personal health records and applications." Journal of Biomedical Informatics. Vol. 43, no. 5. October. pp. S51 to S55.

Czoli, Christine D. and David Hammond. 2014. "TSNA exposure: Levels of NNAL among Canadian tobacco users." Nicotine and Tobacco Research. Vol. 17, no. 7. July. pp. 825 to 830.

Da Costa, Laura A., Paul Arora, Bibiana García-Bailo, Mohamed Karmali, Ahmed El- Sohemy and Alaa Badewi. 2012. "The association between obesity, cardiometabolic disease biomarkers, and innate immunity-related inflammation in Canadian adults." Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy. Vol. 2012, no. 5. October. pp. 347 to 355.

Dales, Robert E., Sabit Cakmak, Judith Leech and Ling Liu. 2013. "The association between personal care products and lung function." Annals of Epidemiology. Vol. 23, no. 2. February. pp. 49 to 53.

Duncan, L. and Ashley Bonner. 2014. "Effects of income and dental insurance coverage on need for dental care in Canada." Journal of Canadian Dental Association. Vol. 80, no. 6. pp. 1 to 9.

Elani, Hawazin W., Sam Harper, P.J. Allison, C. Bedos and J.S. Kaufman. 2012."Socio- economic inequalities and oral health in Canada and the United States." Journal of Dental Research. Vol. 9, no. 91. September. pp. 865 to 870.

Elani, Hawazin W., Sam Harper, William Murray Thomson, Iris L. Espinoza, Gloria C. Mejia, Xiangqun Ju, Lisa M. Jamieson, Ichiro Kawachi and Jay S. Kaufman. 2017. "Social inequalities in tooth loss: A multinational comparison." Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology. Vol. 45, no. 3. February. pp. 266 to 274.

Farmer, Julie. 2015. "Measuring the magnitude of oral health inequalities within and between Canada the United States from 1970 to 2009. Graduate Department of Dentistry." Toronto, ON: University of Toronto.

Fernandez, Lois, Penny Jee, Mari-Jill Klein, Peter Fischer, Sherry L. Perkins and Stephen P.J. Brooks. 2013. "A comparison of glucose concentration in paired specimens collected in serum separator and fluoride/potassium oxalate blood collection tubes under survey 'field' conditions." Clinical Biochemistry. Vol. 46, no. 4 to 5. March. pp. 285 to 288.

Finlay, A. MD McAlister, MSc, Cynthia Robitaille MSc, Cathleen Gillespie PhD, Keming Yuan MS, Deepa P Rao. MS, Steven Grover MD, MPA, Sulan Dai Md, PhD, Helen Johansen PhD, Michel Joffres MD, PhD, Fleetwood Loustalot PhD, FNP and Norm Campbell MD. 2013 "The Impact of Cardiovascular Risk-Factor Profiles on Blood Pressure Control Rates in Adults from Canada and the United States." Canadian Journal of Cardiology. Vol 29, no. 5 p. 598-605

Fisher, Mandy, Tye E. Arbuckle, Mike Wade and Douglas A. Haines. 2013. "Do perfluoroalkyl substances affect metabolic function and plasma lipids? - Analysis of the 2007 - 2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) Cycle 1." Environmental Research. Vol. 121. February. pp. 95 to 103.

Galloway, Tracey, Kue. Young and Grace M. Egeland. 2010. "Emerging obesity among preschool-aged Canadian Inuit children: results from the Nunavut Inuit Child Health Survey." International journal of circumpolar health. Vol. 69, no. 2. March. pp. 151 to 157.

García-Bailo, Bibiana, Laura Da Costa, Paul Arora, Mohamed Karmali, Ahmed El- Sohemy and Alaa Badewi. 2013. "Plasma vitamin D and biomarkers of cardiometabolic disease risk in adult Canadians, 2007-2009." Preventing Chronic Disease. Vol. 10.

Gee, Marianne E., Asako Bienek, Finlay A. McAlister, Cynthia Robitaille, Michel Joffres, Mark S. Tremblay, Helen Johansen and Norman R.C. Campbell. 2012. "Factors associated with lack of awareness and uncontrolled high blood pressure among Canadian adults with hypertension." Canadian Journal of Cardiology. Vol. 28, no. 3. May. pp. 375 to 382.

Gee, Marianne E., Ian Janssen, William Pickett, Finlay A. McAlister, Christina M. Bancej, Michel Joffres, Helen Johansen and Norman R.C. Campbell. 2012. "Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension Among Canadian Adults With Diabetes, 2007 to 2009." Canadian Journal of Cardiology. Vol. 28, no. 3. May. pp. 367 to 374.

Geier, D. A., and M. R. Geier, (2022), "Dental amalgam fillings and mercury vapor safety limits in American adults", Human & Experimental Toxicology, 41 (2022): 09603271221106341, 04 June 2022.

Gibson, Lindsay Ellen. 2014. "Beverage consumption patterns and oral health outcomes: Do milk and water confer protective benefits against sugary- or acidic- beverage consumption?" Health Studies and Gerontology. Waterloo, ON: Waterloo University.

Gibson, Lindsay Ellen. 2014. "Beverage consumption patterns and oral health outcomes: Do milk and water confer protective benefits against sugary- or acidic- beverage consumption?" Health Studies and Gerontology. Waterloo, ON: Waterloo University.

Gravel, Sabrina, Jérôme Lavoué and France Labrèche. 2017. "Workers' exposure to brominated flame retardants: A glance at American and Canadian population databases." Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Vol. 74, no. 1. pp. A128 to A129.

Gravel, Sabrina, Jérôme Lavoué and France Labrèche. 2018. "Exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in American and Canadian workers: Biomonitoring data from two national surveys." Science of the Total Environment. Vol. 631 to 632. August. pp. 1465 to 1471.

Greene-Finestone, Linda S., Kellie A. Langlois and Susan J. Whiting. 2013. "Characteristics of users of supplements containing vitamin D in Canada and associations between dose and 25-hydroxvitamin D." Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism. Vol. 38, no. 7, July. pp. 707 to 715.

Greenfield, Jamie, Philip S. Park, Ellie Farahani, Suneil Malik, Reinhold Vieth, Norman A McFarlane, Theodore G. Shepherd and Julia A Knight. 2012. "Solar ultraviolet-B radiation and vitamin D: a cross-sectional population-based study using data from the 2007 to 2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey." BMC Public Health. Vol. 12, no. 1. pp. 660 to 669.

Grenon, Gordon Lee. 2013. "Persistent organic pollutants and type II diabetes mellitus." Faculty of Health Sciences. Burnaby, BC: Simon Fraser University.

Gurusankar, Saravanabhavan, Mireille Guay, Éric Langlois, Suzelle Giroux, Janine Murray and Douglas Haines. 2013. "Biomonitoring of phthalate metabolites in the Canadian population through the Canadian Health Measures Survey (2007-2009)." International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. Vol. 216, no. 6. November. pp. 652 to 661.

Gurusankar, Saravanabhavan, Mireille Guay, Mike Walker, Lesa Aylward. 2014. "Urinary excretion and daily intake rates of diethyl phthalate in the general Canadian population." Science of the Total Environment. Vol. 500-501, December. pp. 191 to 198.

Haines, Douglas A. and Janine Murray. 2012. "Human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals - "Early results of the 2007-2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey for males and females." International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. Vol. 215, no. 2. February. pp. 133 to 137.

Haines, Douglas A., Tye E. Arbuckle, Ellen Lye, Melissa Legrand, Mandy Fisher, Renée Langlois and William Fraser. 2011. "Reporting results of human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals to study participants: a comparison of approaches followed in two Canadian studies." Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health. Vol. 65, no. 3. March. pp. 191 to 198.

Haines, Douglas A., Melissa Legrand, Tye E. Arbuckle, Jay Van Oosldam, Robert W. Dabeka, Constantine Tikhonov et William Fraser. 2012. "Examples of Ongoing International Surveys: Canada". Biomarkers and Human Biomonitoring. Vol. 1. pp. 79- 106.

Hajna, Samantha, Kaberi Dasgupta and Nancy A. Ross. 2018. "Laboratory-assessed markers of cardiometabolic health and associations with GIS-based measures of active- living environments." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. Vol. 15, no. 10. July. pp. 1 to 11.

Hajna, Samantha, Nancy A. Ross, Lawrence Joseph, Sam Haper and Kaberi Dasgupta. 2015. "Neighbourhood walkability, daily steps and utilitarian walking in Canadian adults." BMJ Open. vol. 5, no. 11. November. pp. 1 to 10.

Hayes, Alyssa, Amir Azarpazhooh, Laura Dempster, Vahid Ravaghi and Carlos Quiñonez. 2013. "Time loss due to dental problems and treatment in the Canadian population: analysis of a nationwide cross-sectional survey." BMC Oral Health. Vol.13, April.

Health Canada. 2010a. Overview of the Report on Human Biomonitoring of Environmental Chemicals in Canada. Ottawa, Ontario. Minister of Health. 7 p.

---. 2010b. Report on Human Biomonitoring of Environmental Chemicals in Canada Results of the Canadian Health Measures Survey Cycle 1 (2007 - 2009). Ottawa, Ontario. Minister of Health. 283 p.

---. 2010c. Report on the Findings of the Oral Health Component of the Canadian Health Measures Survey 2007 - 2009. Ottawa, Ontario. Minister of Health. 111 p.

---. 2010d. Summary Report on the Findings of the Oral Health Component of the Canadian Health Measures Survey 2007 - 2009. Ottawa, Ontario. Minister of Health. 19 p.

---. 2010e. Report on Human Biomonitoring of Environmental Chemicals in Canada. Ottawa, Ontario. Minister of Health. August 283p.

---. 2013a. Final Human Health State of the Science Report on Lead. Ottawa, Ontario. Minister of Health. 101 p.

---. 2013b. Risk Management Strategy for Lead. Ottawa, Ontario. Minister of Health. 63 p.

Héroux, M., V. Onywera, Mark. S. Tremblay, K. B. Adamo, J. L. Taylor, E. J. Ulloa and I Janssen. 2013. "The relation between aerobic fitness, muscular fitness and obesity in children from three countries at different stages of the physical activity transition." ISRN Obesity. Vol. 2013. 10 p.

Higgins, Benjamin Roscoe. 2013. "Exploring relationships between socio-economic status and the health correlates of excess weight among Canadians." Department of Sociology. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary.

Jamieson, L. M., H.W. Elani, G. C. Mejia, X. Ju, I. Kawachi, S. Harper, W. M. Thomson and J. S. Kaufman. 2016. "Inequalities in Indigenous oral health: Findings from Australia, New Zealand, and Canada." Journal of Dental Research. Vol. 95, no. 12. November. pp. 1375 to 1380.

Janssen, Ian. 2012. "Health care costs of physical inactivity in Canadian adults." Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism. Vol. 37, no. 4. pp. 803 to 806.

Janssen, Ian, Margot Shields, Cora L. Craig and Mark S. Tremblay. 2011. "Prevalence and secular changes in abdominal obesity in Canadian adolescents and adults, 1981 to 2007-2009." Obesity Reviews. Vol. 12, no. 6. June. pp. 397 to 405.

---. 2012. "Changes in the obesity phenotype within Canadian children and adults, 1981 to 2007-2009." Obesity. Vol. 20, no. 4. April. pp. 916 to 919.

Janssen, Ian, Suzy L. Wong, Rachel Colley and Mark S. Tremblay. 2013. "The fractionalization of physical activity throughout the week is associated with the cardiometabolic health of children and youth." BMC Public Health. Vol. 13. June.

Joffres, Michel, Margot Shields, Mark S. Tremblay and Sarah Connor Gorber. 2013. "Dyslipidemia prevalence, treatment, control, and awareness in the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Canadian Journal of Public Health. Vol. 104, no. 3. May-June. pp. E252 to E257.

Kaur, Inderpreet, (2019), "An analysis of the association of diet, oral health and obesity in Canadian adults", [Master's thesis], Applied Health Services Research. Fredericton, NB: University of New Brunswick, August 2019.

Keboya, Solange Feseke. 2014. "L'association entre les niveaux d'arsenic urinaire et la prévalence du diabète de type 2 au Canada." Épidémiologie. Québec, QC: Université Laval.

Khan, Sara. 2013. "Adiposity and Pulmonary Function: Analysis of the Canadian Health Measures Survey" Ottawa University Theses.

Khan, Sara, Julian Little and Yue Chen. 2014. "Relationship between adiposity and pulmonary function in school-aged Canadian children." Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonology. Vol. 27, no. 3. September. pp. 126 to 132.

Khan, Sarah, Xiao-Mei Mai and Yue Chen. 2013. "Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D associated with pulmonary function in Canadian adults with excess adiposity." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Vol. 98, no. 1. pp. 174 to 179.

---. 2014. "The link between plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and lung function in general and asthmatic children." Pediatric allergy, immunology and pulmonology. Vol. 27, no. 2. June. pp. 87 to 91.

Kuhle, Stefan, Christina Fung and Paul J. Veugelers. 2013. "Medication use in normal weight and overweight children in a nationally representative sample of Canadian children." Archives of Diseases in Childhood. Vol. 97, no. 9. September. pp. 842 to 847.

L'Abbe, Mary R., Ying Qi, Marcia Cooper and Wendy Lou. 2011. "Iron bioavailability of the diets of Canadians." The FASEB Journal. Vol. 25, no. 1.

LaKind, Judy S., Johanne Levesque, Pierre Dumas, Shirley Bryan, Janine Clarke and Daniel Q. Naiman. 2012. "Comparing United States and Canadian population exposures from national biomonitoring surveys: Bisphenol A intake as a case study." Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. Vol. 22, no. 3. May. pp. 219 to 226.

Landry, Denise. 2013. "Interrelationships between vitamin D and body mass index and waist circumference in Canada." Epidemiology & Community Medicine. Ottawa, ON: University of Ottawa. 120 p.

Larouche, Richard, G. E. J. Faulkner, M. Fortier and Mark S. Tremblay. 2014. "Active transportation and adolescents' health: The Canadian Health Measures Survey." American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Vol. 46, no. 5. pp. 507 to 515.

Larouche, Richard, Louis Laurencelle, Roy J. Shephard and François Trudeau. 2012. "Life transitions in the waning of physical activity from childhood to adult life in the Trois-Rivières study." Journal of Physical Activity and Health. Vol. 9, no. 4. May. pp. 516 to 524.

Larouche, Richard, Meghann Lloyd, Emily Knight and Mark S. Tremblay. 2011. "Relationship between active school transport and body mass index in grades 4 to 6 children." Pediatric Exercise Science. Vol. 23, no. 3. August. pp. 322 to 330.

Lye, Ellen, Melissa Legrand, Janine Clarke and Adam Probert. 2013. "Blood total mercury concentrations in the Canadian population: Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1, 2007-2009." Canadian Journal of Public Health. Vol. 104, no. 3. May-June. pp. E246 to E251.

MacFarlane, Amanda J., Linda S. Greene-Finestone and Yipu Shi. 2011. "Vitamin B-12 and homocysteine status in a folate-replete population: results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Vol. 94, no. 4. October. pp. 1079 to 1087.

Maximova, Katerina, Stefan Kuhle, Zachary Davidson, Christina Fung and Paul J. Veugelers. 2013. "Cardiovascular risk factor profiles of normal and overweight children and adolescents: insights from the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Canadian Journal of Cardiology. Vol. 29, no. 8. August. pp. 976 to 982.

McAlister, Finlay A., Cynthia Robitaille, Cathleen Gillespie, Keming Yuan, Deepa P. Rao, Steven Grover, Sulan Dai, Helen Johansen, Michel Joffres, Fleetwood Loustalot and Norm Campbell. 2013. "The impact of cardiovascular risk-factor profiles on blood pressure control rates in adults from Canada and the United States." Canadian Journal of Cardiology. Vol. 29, no. 5. May. pp. 598 to 605.

McAlister, Finlay A., Kathryn Wilkins, Michel Joffres, Frans H.H. Leenen, George Fodor, Marianne Gee, Mark S. Tremblay, Robin Walker, Helen Johansen and Norm Campbell. 2011. "Changes in the rates of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in Canada over the past two decades." Canadian Medical Association Journal. Vol. 183, no. 9. June. pp. 1007-1013.

Nicolae, Alexandra, Harry Ames and Carlos Quiñonez. 2013. "Dental amalgam and urinary mercury concentrations: a descriptive study ." BMC Oral Health. Vol. 13, no. 44. September.

Niruban, Selvanayagam John. 2014. "Association between asthma and vitamin D in children, adolescents and adults." Department of Public Health Sciences. Edmonton, AB: University of Alberta.

Niruban, Selvanayagam John, K. Alagiakrishnan, J. Beach and A. Senthilselvan. 2014. "Association of vitamin D with respiratory outcomes in Canadian children."European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Vol. 68, no. 12. July.

Niruban, SJ, K Alagiakrishnan, J Beach and A Senthilselvan. 2015. "Association between vitamin D and respiratory outcomes in Canadian adolescents and adults." Journal of Asthma. June. Vol. 52, no. 7 pp 653-61.

Onywera, V. O., M. Héroux, E. J. Ulloa, K. B. Adamo, J. L. Taylor, I. Janssen and Mark S. Tremblay. 2013. "Adiposity and physical activity among children in countries at different stages of the physical activity transition: Canada, Mexico and Kenya." African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance. Vol. 19, no. 1. pp. 134 to 144.

Ornek, Mustafa. 2016. "The BMI: Measurement, physician costs and distributional decomposition. Health Policy PhD Program." Hamilton, ON: McMaster University.

Oulhote, Youssef, Jonathan Chevrier and Maryse F. Bouchard. 2015. "Exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hypothyroidism in Canadian women." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. Vol. 101, no. 2. pp. 590 to 598.

Oulhote, Youssef and Maryse Bouchard. 2013a. "Pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides and behavioral problems, CHMS." American Journal of Epidemiology. Vol. 177. June.

---. 2013b. "Urinary metabolites of organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides and behavioral problems in Canadian children." Environmental Health Perspectives. Vol. 121, no. 11-12. November-December. pp. 1378 to 1384.

Padwal, Raj S., Hsui-Ju Chang, Scott Klarenbach, Arya M. Sharma and Sumit R. Majumdar. 2012. "Characteristics of the population eligible for and receiving publicly funded bariatric surgery in Canada." International Journal for Equity in Health. Vol. 11. September.

Ramraj, Chantel. 2012. "Dental treatment needs in the Canadian population." Faculty of Dentistry. Toronto, ON: University of Toronto. pp. 1 to 103.

Ramraj, Chantel, Amir Azarpazhooh, Laura Dempster, Vahid Ravaghi and Carlos Quiñonez. 2012. "Dental treatment needs in the Canadian population: analysis of a nationwide cross-sectional survey." BMC Oral Health. Vol. 12. October.

Ramraj, Chantel, L. Sadeghi, H.P. Lawrence, L. Dempster, and C. Quiñonez. 2013. "Is accessing dental care becoming more difficult? Evidence from Canada's middle-income population." PLOS ONE. Vol. 8, no. 2. February.

Rao, Deepa P, Dai, Sulan, Claudia Lagacé and Daniel Krewski. 2014. "Metabolic Syndrome and Chronic Disease." Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada. Vol. 34, no. 1. February.

Ravaghi, Vahid, Carlos Quiñonez and Paul J. Allison. 2013a. "Comparing inequalities in oral and general health: Findings of the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Canadian Journal of Public Health. Vol. 104, no. 7. pp. E466 to E471.

---. 2013b. "The magnitude of oral health inequalities in Canada: Findings of the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology. Vol. 41, no. 6. pp. 490 to 498.

---. 2013c. "Oral pain and its covariates: findings of a Canadian population-based study." Journal of the Canadian Dental Association. Vol. 79, no. (d3). pp. 1 to 9.

Rawn, Dorothea F.K., J. Jake Ryan, Amy R. Sadler, Wing-Fun Sun, Douglas Haines, Kristin Macey and Jay Van Oostdam. 2012. "PCDD/F and PCB concentrations in sera from the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) from 2007 to 2009." Environment International. Vol. 47, no. 15. October. pp. 48 to 55.

Rawn, Dorothea F.K., J. Jake Ryan, Amy R. Sadler, Wing-Fun Sun, Douglas Haines, Kristin Macey and Jay Van Oostdam. 2012. "PCDD/F and PCB concentrations in sera from the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) from 2007 to 2009." Environment International. Vol. 47, no. 15. October. pp. 48 to 55.

Rawn, Dorothea F.K., J. Jake Ryan, Amy R. Sadler, Wing-Fun Sun, Dorcas Weber, Patrick Laffey, Douglas Haines, Kristin Macey and Jay Van Oostdam. 2014. "Brominated flame retardant concentrations in sera from the Canadian Health Measures survey (CHMS) from 2007 to 2009." Environment International. Vol. 63. February. pp. 26 to 34

Richardson, G. Mark. 2012. "Evidence that bisphenol-a exposure is not associated with composite resin dental fillings." Pediatrics. Vol. 130, no. 2. pp. 1.

---. 2013. "2013 Canadian exposure factors handbook: Life expectancy, body dimensions, inhalation, time-activity, and soil ingestion." Saskatoon, SK: University of Saskatchewan, Toxicology Centre. 60 p.

---. 2014. "Mercury exposure and risks from dental amalgam in Canada: The Canadian Health Measures Survey 2007-2009." Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal. Vol.20, no. 2. pp. 433 to 447.

Riediger, Natalie D. and Ian Clara. 2011. "Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in the Canadian adult population." Canadian Medical Association Journal. Vol. 183, no. 15. October. pp. E1127 to E1134.

Ries, Nola M., Jane LeGrandeur and Tomothy Caulfield. 2010. "Handling ethical, legal and social issues in birth cohort studies involving genetic research: responses from studies in six countries." BMC Med Ethics. Vol. 11, no. 4. March.

Saravanabhavan, Gurusankar and J. Murray. 2012. "Human biological monitoring of diisononyl phthalate and diisodecyl phthalate: a review." Journal of Environmental and Public Health. Vol. 2012. 11 p.

Saravanabhavan, Gurusankar, Mireille Guay, Éric Langlois, Suzelle Giroux, Janine Murray and Douglas Haines. 2013. "Biomonitoring of phthalate metabolites in the Canadian population through the Canadian Health Measures Survey (2007-2009)." International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. Vol. 216, no. 6. November. pp. 652 to 661.

Schroth, R. J., R. Rabbani, G. Loewen and M. E. Moffatt. 2016. "Vitamin D and dental caries in children." Journal of Dental Research. Vol. 95, no. 2. November. pp. 173 to 179.

Setayeshgar, Solmaz, Susan J. Whiting and Hassanali Vatanparast. 2012. "Metabolic syndrome in Canadian adults and adolescents: Prevalence and associated dietary intake." ISRN Obesity. Vol. 2012. pp. 1 to 8.

---. 2013. "Prevalence of 10-year risk of cardiovascular diseases and associated risks in Canadian adults: The contribution of cardiometabolic risk assessment introduction." International Journal of Hypertension. Vol. 2013. pp. 1 to 8.

Shi, Yipu, Margaret de Groh and Howard Morrison. 2012. "Increasing blood pressure and its associated factors in Canadian children and adolescents from the Canadian Health Measures Survey." BMC Public Health. Vol. 12, no. 388. May.

---. 2013. "Perinatal and early childhood factors for overweight and obesity in young Canadian children." Canadian Journal of Public Health. Vol. 104, no. 1. January- February. pp. e69 to e74.

Shields, Margot, Margaret D. Carroll and Cynthia L. Ogden. 2011. "Adult Obesity Prevalence in Canada and the United States." NCHS Data Brief. no. 56. March. 7 p.

Sia, Drissa, Malgorzata Miszkurka, Malek Batal, Hélène Delisle and Maria Victoria Zunzunegui, (2019), "Chronic disease and malnutrition biomarkers among unemployed immigrants and Canadian born adults", Archives of Public Health, Volume 77, Number 41, pages 1-10, 18 September 2019.

Singh, Kavita, Subramanian Karthikeyan, and Annie St-Amand. 2018. "Factors associated with plasma concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) in the Canadian population." International Journal of Environmental Health Research. Vol. 29, no. 3. November. pp. 326-347.

Sluggett, Larine. 2012. "Associations between sleep duration and indicators of cardio- metabolic disease in Canadian children and adolescents." School of Health Sciences. Prince George, BC: University of Northern British Columbia.

Sluggett, Larine, Shannon Wagner, Cindy Hardy and R. Luke Harris. 2016. "Associations between sleep duration and indicators of cardiometabolic disease in Canadian children and adolescents: Analyses of the 2007-2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey." Childhood Obesity. Vol. 12, no. 5. October. pp. 325 to 333.

Stone, M.R., G.E. Faulkner and R.N. Buliung. 2013. "How active are children in Toronto? A comparison with accelerometry data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey". Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada. Vol. 33, no. 2. March. pp. 61 to 68.

Theis, Beth, Roxana Raut, Elisa Candido, Stephanie Young, and Loraine D. Marrett. 2011. "Risk factor and screening report, national and provincial, incorporating sociodemographic variables." Colorectal Cancer Network (CRCNet), Cancer Care Ontario. September. pp. 1 to 122.

Theis, Beth, Roxana Raut, J.P.K. Chan, Elisa Candido, and Loraine D. Marrett. 2011. "Risk factors and screening by age and sex, national and provincial." Colorectal Cancer Network (CRCNet), Cancer Care Ontario. June. pp. 1 to 84.

Thompson, Brandy. 2012. "Cost barriers to dental care in Canada." Department of Dentistry. Toronto, ON: University of Toronto.

Thompson, Brandy, P. Cooney, H. Lawrence, V. Ravaghi and C. Quiñonez. 2014. "Cost as a barrier to accessing dental care: findings from a Canadian population-based study." Journal of Public Health Dentistry. Vol. 74, no. 3. January.

Votova, Kristine M.E, Régis Blais, Margaret J. Penning, and Malcolm K. Maclure. 2013 "Polypharmacy meets polyherbacy: Pharmaceutical, over-the-counter and natural health product use among Canadian adults." Canadian Journal of Public Health. Vol. 104, no. 3. May-June. pp. 222 to 228.

Whiting, Susan J., Kellie A. Langlois, Hassanali Vatanparast and Linda S. Greene- Finestone. 2011. "The vitamin D status of Canadians relative to the 2011 Dietary Reference Intakes: an examination in children and adults with and without supplement use." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Vol. 93, no. 7. July. 8 p.

Wong, Suzy Lai, Eric Malaison, David Hammond and Scott T. Leatherdale. 2013. "Secondhand smoke exposure among Canadians: Cotinine and self-report measures from the Canadian Health Measures Survey 2007 - "2009." Nicotine & Tobacco Research. Vol. 15, no. 3. March. pp. 693 to 700.

Wong, Suzy Lai, Rachel Colley, Sarah Connor Gorber and Mark Tremblay. 2011. "Actical accelerometer sedentary activity thresholds for adults." Journal of Physical Activity and Health. Vol. 8, no. 4. May. pp. 587 to 591.

Yao, Chao Shu and Michael I. MacEntee. 2013. "Inequity in Oral Health Care for Elderly Canadians: Part 1. Oral Health Status." Journal of the Canadian Dental Association. Vol. 79. December

Ye, Ming, Jeremy Beach, Jonahtan W. Martin and Ambikaipakan Senthilselvan. 2015a. "Associations between dietary factors and urinary concentrations of organophosphate and pyrethroid metabolites in a Canadian general population." International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. Vol. 218, no. 7. October. pp. 616 to 626.

---. 2015b. "Association between Lung Function in Adults and Plasma DDT and DDE Levels Results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Environmental Health Perspectives. Vol. 123, no. 5. May, pages 422 to 427.

---. 2016. "Urinary dialkyl phosphate concentrations and lung function parameters in adolescents and adults: Results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Environmental Health Perspectives. Vol. 124, no. 4. April. pp. 491 to 497.

---. 2017. "Pesticide exposures and respiratory health in general populations." Journal of Environmental Sciences. Vol. 51. January. pp. 361 to 370.

Zinck, John, Margaret de Groh and Amanda MacFarlane. 2015. "Genetic modifiers of folate, vitamin B-12, and homocysteine status in a cross-sectional study of the Canadian population." The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Vol. 202, no. 6.

Zuk, Aleksandra, Carlos Quiñonez, Michael Lebenbaum and Laura C. Rosella. 2017. "The association between undiagnosed glycaemic abnormalities and cardiometabolic risk factors with periodontitis: results from 2007-2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey." Journal of Clinical Periodontology. Vol. 44, no. 2. December. pp. 132 to 141.

Cycle 2 (2009 to 2011)

Health at a Glance articles

Janz, Teresa and Caryn Pearson. 2013. "Vitamin D blood levels of Canadians." Health at a Glance. January 10. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-624-X.

Health Reports articles

Cooper, Marcia, Linda Greene-Finestone, Hélène Lowell, Johanne Levesque and Stacey Robinson. 2012. "Iron sufficiency of Canadians." Health Reports. Vol. 23, no. 4. December. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 41 to 48.

Patry-Parisien, Jennifer, Jiping Zhu and Suzy L. Wong. 2013. "Implementation of the indoor air component of cycle 2 of the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Reports. Vol. 24, no. 5. May. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 3 to 10.

Patry-Parisien, Jennifer, Margot Shields and Shirley Bryan. 2012. "Comparison of waist circumference using the World Health Organization and National Institutes of Health protocols." Health Reports. Vol. 23, no. 3. September. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 53 to 60.

Roberts, Karen C., Margot Shields, Margaret de Groh, Alfred Aziz and Jo-Anne Gilbert. 2012. "Overweight and obesity in children and adolescents: Results from the 2009 to 2011 Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Reports. Vol. 23, no. 3. September. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 37 to 41.

Rotermann, Michelle, Kellie A. Langlois, Alberto Severini and Stephanie Totten. 2013. " Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and herpes simplex virus type 2: Results from the 2009 to 2011 Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Reports. Vol. 24, no. 4. April. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 10 to 15.

Wheeler, Amanda J., Suzy L. Wong, Cheryl Khoury and Jiping Zhu. 2013. "Predictors of indoor BTEX concentrations in Canadian residences." Health Reports. Vol. 24, no. 5. May. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 11 to 17.

The Daily releases

Statistics Canada. 2012a. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Household and physical measures data, 2009 to 2011." The Daily. September 20. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

---. 2012b. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Select laboratory, activity monitor and indoor air data, 2009 to 2011." The Daily. November 21. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

---. 2012c. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Fact sheets and tables related to select laboratory data, 2009 to 2011." The Daily. November 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

---. 2013a. "Study: Vitamin D blood levels of Canadians, 2009-2011." The Daily. January 10. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

---. 2013b. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Laboratory environmental data, 2009 to 2011." The Daily. April 17. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

Health fact sheets

---. 2012d. "Aerobic fitness of Canadians, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. October 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2012e. "Blood pressure of Canadian adults, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. October 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2012f. "Blood pressure of Canadian children and youth, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. October 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2012g. "Body composition of Canadian adults, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. October 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2012h. "Body mass index of Canadian children and youth, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. October 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2012i. "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Canadians, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. October 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2012j. "Muscular strength of Canadians, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. October 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2012k. "Cholesterol levels of Canadians, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. November 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2012l. "Iodine status of Canadians, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. November 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2012m. "Iron sufficiency of Canadians, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. November 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2012n. "Metabolic syndrome in Canadians, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. November 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2012o. "Vitamin B12 status of Canadians, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. November 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2013c. "Bisphenol A concentrations in Canadians, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. April 17. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2013d. "Blood lead concentrations in Canadians, 2009 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. April 17. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

Data tables

---. 2012p. Canadian Health Measures Survey: Cycle 2 Data Tables, 2009 to 2011 (table). Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-626-X. Ottawa, Ontario. 80 p.

External articles and publications

Asada, Yukiko, Jeremiah Hurley, Michel Grignon and Susan Kirkland. 2018. "Health inequalities and inequities by age: Stability for the Health Utilities Index and divergence for the Frailty Index." Social Science and Medicine - Population Health. Vol. 5. August. pp. 17 to 32.

Aylward, Lesa L., Stephanie Hays, Anne Vézina, Michelle Deveau, Annie St-Amand and A.B. Nong. 2015. "Biomonitoring Equivalents for interpretation of urinary fluoride." Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. Vol. 72, no. 1. April. pp. 158 to 167.

Betancourt, Marisol T, K.C. Roberts, T-L Bennett, E.R. Driscoll, G. Jayaraman and L. Pelletier. 2014. "Monitoring chronic diseases in Canada: the chronic diseases indicator framework." Chronic diseases and injuries in Canada. Vol. 34, no.1. February. 34 p.

Cakmak, Sabit and Bob Dales. 2018. "The associations between phthalate exposure and insulin resistance, β-cell function and blood glucose control in a population-based sample." Science of the Total Environment. Vol. 612, no. 15. January. pp. 1287-1292.

Caru, Maxime, Mariia Samoilenko, Simon Drouin, Valérie Lemay, Laurence Kern, Lucia Romo, Laurence Bertout, Geneviève Lefebvre, Gregor Andelfinger, Maja Krajinovic, Caroline Laverdiere, Daniel Sinnett, and Daniel Curnier, (2019), "Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Survivors Have a Substantially Lower Cardiorespiratory Fitness Level Than Healthy Canadians Despite a Clinically Equivalent Level of Physical Activity", Journal of Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology, Volume 8, Issue 6, 9 December 2019.

Gaskin, Janet, Colin Rennie and Doug Coyle. 2015. "Reducing Periconceptional Methylmercury Exposure: Cost-Utility Analysis for a Proposed Screening Program for Women Planning a Pregnancy in Ontario, Canada". Environmental Health Perspectives. Vol. 123, no. 12. December.

Hays, Sean M., Devika Poddalgoda, Kristin Macey, Lesa Aylward and Andy Nong. 2018. "Biomonitoring Equivalents for interpretation of urinary iodine". ScienceDirect. Vol. 94. April pp. 40-46.

Health Canada. 2013. Second report on human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals in Canada: Results of the Canadian Health Measures Survey Cycle 2 (2009- 2011). Ottawa, Ontario. Minister of Health. 434 p.

Jayawardene , Innocent, Jean-François Paradis, Stéphane Bélisle, Devika Poddalgoda, Kristin Macey, 2021, "Multi-elemental determination of metals, metalloids and rare earth element concentrations in whole blood from the Canadian Health Measures Survey, 2009-2011", Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, Volume 68,126830, December 2021.

Jayawardene, Innocent F., Kristin Macey, Jean-Francois Paradis, Stephane Belisle, Devika Poddalgoda, Sabit Cakmak, Marie-Pier Lafontaine, Noureen Lalji and Robert Dales. 2018. "Accessing Biobanks to Obtain Human Biomonitoring Data." Environmental Health Perspectives.

Jee, Penny, Lois Fernandez, Sherry L. Perkins and Stephen P.J. Brooks. 2014. "Effect of storage and repeated freeze/thaw on (S) vitamin B12." Clinical Biochemistry. Vol. 47, no. 18. December. pp. 344.

Katz, Sherri, Jean-Philippe Vaccani, Janine Clarke, Lynda Hoey, Rachel C. Coley and Nicholas J. Barrowman. 2014. "Creation of a reference dataset of neck sizes in children: standardizing a potential new tool for prediction of obesity-associated diseases?" BioMed Central. Vol. 14, no. 23. June.

MacFarlane, Amanda J., Yipu Shi and Linda S. Greene-Finestone. 2014. "High dose compared to low dose vitamin B12 supplement use is not associated with higher vitamin B12 status in children, adolescents and older adults." The Journal of Nutrition. Vol. 144, no. 6. June. pp. 915 to 920.

MacPherson, M., M. de Groh, L. Loukine, D. Prud'homme and L. Dubois. 2016. "Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its risk factors in Canadian children and adolescents: Canadian Health Measures Survey Cycle 1 (2007-2009) and Cycle 2 (2009-2011)." Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada: Research, Policy and Practice. Vol. 36, no. 2. February. pp. 32 to 40.

McLaren, Lindsay. 2016. "Fluoridation exposure status based on location of data collection in the Canadian Health Measures Survey: Is it valid?" Journal of the Canadian Dental Association. Vol. 82, no. g17. pp. 1 to 7.

Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion (Public Health Ontario). "Child and youth health data sources project: summary of processes and findings." Toronto, ON: Queen's Printer for Ontario; 2015.

Parent, Marianne. 2018. "An exposure assessment study of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in residential indoor environment using the Canadian Health Measures Survey (Cycle 2: 2009-2011) and a multi-receptors based approach." Department of Community Health and Epidemiology. Halifax, NS: Dalhousie University.

Shi, Yipu, Margaret de Groh and Amanda J. MacFarlane. 2014. "Sociodemographic and lifestyle factors associated with folate status among non-supplement-consuming Canadian women of child-bearing age." Canadian Journal of Public Health. Vol 105, no. 3. pp. e166 to e171.

Simpson, J. Randall, E. Gibson, L. Elliott, C. Farrell, M. Edwards, and M. Cooper. 2018. "Iron sufficiency of Canadians; 2012-2013". Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice & Research. Vol. 79, no. 3 p. 150-151.

St-Amand, A., S. Karthikeyan, M. Guay, R. Charron, A. Vezina and K. Werry. 1997. "Arsenic exposure in the Canadian general population: levels of arsenic species measured in urine, and associated demographic, lifestyle or dietary factors". Environmental Arsenic in Changing World. 1st edition.

Tai, Xiaochen and Yue Chen. 2016. "Urinary bisphenol A concentrations positively associated with glycated hemoglobin and other indicators of diabetes in Canadian men." Environmental Research. Vol. 147. May. pp. 172 to 178.

Thakkar, Niels, Veronica Jamnik and Chris I. Ardern. 2018. "Cross-associations between physical activity and sedentary time on metabolic health: a comparative assessment using self-reported and objectively measured activity." Journal of Public Health. Vol. 40, no. 4. December. pp. e464 to e473.

Zhu, Jiping, Suzy L. Wong and Sabit Cakmak. 2013. "Nationally representative levels of selected volatile organic compounds in Canadian residential indoor air: Population- based survey." Environmental Science & Technology. Vol. 47, no. 23. October. pp. 13276 to 13283.

Jennifer L. A. Keir, Sabit Cakmak, Jules M. Blais & Paul A. White "The influence of demographic and lifestyle factors on urinary levels of PAH metabolites - empirical analyses of Cycle 2 (2009 - 2011) CHMS data" Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology February 17, 2020

Cycle 3 (2012 to 2013)

Health Reports articles

Feder, Katya, David Michaud, Pamela Ramage-Morin, James McNamee and Yves Beauregard. 2015. " Prevalence of hearing loss among Canadians aged 20 to 79: Audiometric results from the 2012/2013 Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Reports. Vol. 25, no. 7. July. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 18 to 25.

Langlois, Kelli, Marcia Cooper and Cynthia K. Colapinto. 2016. "Vitamin C status of Canadian adults: Findings from the 2012/2013 Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Reports. Vol. 27, no. 5. May. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 8 p.

Langlois, K. and W.M. Ratnayake. 2015. "Omega-3 Index of Canadian adults." Health Reports. November Vol. 26, no. 11. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X.

Larouche, Richard, Didier Garriguet, Katie E. Gunnell, Gary S. Goldfield and Mark S. Tremblay. 2016. "Outdoor time, physical activity, sedentary time, and health indicators at ages 7 to 14: 2012/2013 Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Reports. Vol. 27, no. 9. September. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 11 p.

The Daily releases

Statistics Canada. 2014a. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Household and physical measures data, 2012 to 2013." The Daily. October 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

---. 2014b. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Selected laboratory and activity monitor data, 2012 and 2013." The Daily. December 16. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

---. 2015a. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Directly measured physical activity of Canadians, 2012 and 2013." The Daily. February 18. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

---. 2015b. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Hearing loss of Canadians, 2012 and 2013." The Daily. April 15. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

---. 2015c. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Laboratory environmental data, 2012 and 2013." The Daily. July 15. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

---. 2015d. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Indoor air volatile organic compound data 2012 and 2013." The Daily. September 16. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

---. 2015e. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Medication use and nutrient intake, 2012 and 2013." The Daily. October 20. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

Health fact sheets

---. 2014c. "Body composition of adults, 2012 to 2013." Health Fact Sheets. October 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2014d. "Body mass index of children and youth, 2012 to 2013." Health Fact Sheets. October 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2014e. "Blood pressure of adults, 2012 to 2013." Health Fact Sheets. October 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2014f. "Blood pressure of children and youth, 2012 to 2013." Health Fact Sheets. October 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2014g. "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults, 2012 to 2013." Health Fact Sheets. October 29. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2014h. "Cholesterol levels of adults, 2012 to 2013." Health Fact Sheets. December 16. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2014i. "Metabolic syndrome in adults, 2012 to 2013." Health Fact Sheets. December 16. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2014j. "Vitamin D levels of Canadians, 2012 to 2013." Health Fact Sheets. December 16. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2014k. "Vitamin C levels of Canadians, 2012 to 2013." Health Fact Sheets. December 16. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2015f. "Directly measured physical activity of adults, 2012 and 2013." Health Fact Sheets. February 18. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2015g. "Directly measured physical activity of children and youth, 2012 and 2013." Health Fact Sheets. February 18. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2015h. "Hearing loss of Canadians, 2012 and 2013." Health Fact Sheets. April 15. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2015i. "Tobacco use of Canadians, 2012 and 2013." Health Fact Sheets. July 15. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2015j. "Lead, mercury and cadmium concentrations in Canadians, 2012 and 2013." Health Fact Sheets. July 15. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2015k. "Bisphenol A concentrations in Canadians, 2012 and 2013." Health Fact Sheets. July 15. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2015l. "Omega-3 fatty acid levels of adults, 2012 and 2013." Health Fact Sheets. November 18. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

External Releases

Brooks, Stephen, L. Green-Finestone, and S. Whiting. 2017. "An Analysis of Factors Associated with 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels in White and Non-White Canadians." Journal of AOAC International. Vol 100, no. 5. October. pp. 1345-1354.

Caron-Beaudoin, Élyse, Kyle Powys Whyte, Maryse F. Bouchard, Jonathan Chevrier, Sami Haddad, Ray Copes, Katherine L. Frohlich, Dean Dokkie, Sonje Juul, Michèle Bouchard, Marc-André Verner, (2022), "Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in indoor air and tap water samples in residences of pregnant women living in an area of unconventional natural gas operations: Findings from the EXPERIVA study", Science of The Total Environment, Volume 805,150242, ISSN 0048-9697, 20 January 2022.

Cunningham, J.E.A., McCague, H., Malin, A.J. et al. (2021), Fluoride exposure and duration and quality of sleep in a Canadian population-based sample. Environ Health 20, 16, 18 February 2021.

Czoli, Christine D. and David Hammond. 2018. "Carcinogen exposure among Canadian tobacco users: Changes in NNK Exposure from 2007 - 2009 through 2012 - 2013." Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. Vol. 27, no. 3. March. pp. 262 to 267.

Feder, Katya, David Michaud, Yves Beauregard; Elizabeth Fitzpatrick, James McNamee, Hugh Davies, Tony Leroux. 2017. "Prevalence of hazardous occupational noise exposure, hearing loss, and hearing protection usage among a representative sample of working Canadians." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Vol. 59, no. 1. pp. 92-113.

Fleet, Kristen. 2017. "Proinflammatory food consumption and chronic kidney disease in a Canadian nationally representative sample." Human Nutritional Sciences. Winnipeg, MB: University of Manitoba.

Grant, WB, S.J. Whiting, G.K. Schwalfenberg, S.J. Genuis and S.M. Kimball. 2016. "Estimated economic benefit of increasing 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations of Canadians to or above 100 nmol/L." Dermatoendocrinology. October Vol. 8.

Health Report. 2015. Third Report on Human Biomonitoring of Environmental chemicals in Canada. July. 182 p.

Jones, Amanda C., J. Lennert Veerman and David Hammond. 2017. "The health and economic impact of a tax on sugary drinks in Canada." Waterloo, ON: Canadian Cancer Society, Diabetes Canada, Childhood Obesity Foundation, Chronic Disease Prevention A.

Khanam, Ulfat A., Donna C. Rennie, Karen Davis, and Joshua A. Lawson, (2020), "Are Dietary Factors Associated with Lung Function in Canadian Adults?", Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research. Volume 81, Number 1, March 2020.

Leung, Brenda, M. Y., & Chinenye Nwoke "Association between C-reactive protein and mood disorder in a representative sample of the Canadian population: analysis of CHMS data 2013 - 2014" Canadian Journal of Public Health. March 4, 2020.

Levy, Emile, Mariia Samoilenko, Sophia Morel, Jade England, Devendra Amre, Laurence Bertout, Simon Drouin, Caroline Laverdière, Maja Krajinovic, Daniel Sinnett, Geneviève Lefebvre and Valérie Marcil. 2017. "Cardiometabolic risk factors in childhood, adolescent and young adult survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia - A Petale cohort." Scientific Reports. Vol 7. December. pp. 1 to 9.

Malin, Ashley, Julie Riddell, Hugh McCague and Christine Till. 2018. "Fluoride exposure and thyroid function among adults living in Canada: Effect modification by iodine status." Environment International. Vol. 121, no. 1. December. pp. 667 to 674.

Munasinghe, Lalani L., Noreen Willows, Yan Yuan and Paul J Veugelers. 2015. "The prevalence and determinants of use of vitamin D supplements among children in Alberta, Canada: A cross-sectional study." BMC Public Health. Vol. 15, no. 1. pp. 1 to 7.

Munasinghe, Lalani L., Yan Yuan, Noreen D. Willows, Erin L. Faught, John P. Ekwaru and Paul J. Veugelers. 2017. "Vitamin D deficiency and sufficiency among Canadian children residing at high latitude following the revision of the RDA of vitamin D intake in 2010." British Journal of Nutrition. Vol. 117, no. 3. March. pp. 457 to 465.

ParticipACTION. 2016. "Are Canadian Kids Too Tired to Move?" The ParticipACTION Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth. Vol. 16. June.

Riddell, Julia K., Ashley J. Malin, Hugh McCague, David B. Flora, and Christine Till. 2021. "Urinary Fluoride Levels among Canadians with and without Community Water Fluoridation" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12: 6203, 8 June 2021.

Statistics Canada's Canadian Health Measures Survey Team. 2015. "The Canadian Health Measures Survey: A Source of Nationally Representative Hearing Data." Communiqué. August.

Data tables

Statistics Canada. Anthropometry measures of the household population (table). CANSIM (database).

Cycle 4 (2014 to 2015)

Health Reports articles

Colley, Rachel C., Gregory Butler, Didier Garriguet, Stephanie A. Prince and Karen C. Roberts. 2018. "Comparison of self-reported and accelerometer-measured physical activity in Canadian adults." Health Reports. Vol. 29, no. 12. December. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 13 p.

Colley, Rachel C., Gregory Butler, Didier Garriguet, Stephanie A. Prince and Karen C. Roberts. 2019. "Comparison of self-reported and accelerometer-measured physical activity among Canadian youth". Health Reports. Vol. 30, no. 7. July. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 12 p.

Daily Releases

Statistics Canada. 2016. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Household and physical measures data, 2014 and 2015." The Daily. October 13.

Statistics Canada 2017 "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Spirometry 2012 to 2015." The Daily. January 12.

Statistics Canada. 2017. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Tap water and urine concentration level, 2014 and 2015." The Daily. February 22.

Statistics Canada. 2017. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Activity monitor data, 2014 and 2015." The Daily. April 19.

Statistics Canada. 2017. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Medication data, 2014 and 2015." The Daily. July 6.

Statistics Canada. 2017. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Environmental laboratory data, 2014 and 2015." The Daily. August 24.

Statistics Canada. 2017. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Indoor air volatile organic compound data, 2014 and 2015." The Daily. October 31.

Statistics Canada. 2018. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Arsenic and Paraben concentrations in Canadians, 2014 and 2015." The Daily. February 22.

StatCan Blog: "Ten years of measuring physical activity - What have we learned? "November 24, 2017.

Health fact sheets

Statistics Canada. 2018a. "Inorganic-related arsenic concentrations in Canadians, 2014 and 2015." Health Fact Sheets. February 22. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625- X.

---. 2018b. "Parabens concentrations in Canadians, 2014 and 2015." Health Fact Sheets. February 22. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

Internal Publications

2018c. "Concentrations of selected environmental chemicals in the Canadian population." Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-627-X,

2018d. "Concentrations of selected environmental chemicals in the Canadian population, Update 2." Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-627-X.

External articles and publications

Bertinato, Jesse, Kuan Chiao Wang and Stephen Hayward. 2017. "Serum Magnesium Concentrations in the Canadian Population and Associations with Diabetes, Glycemic Regulation, and Insulin Resistance." Nutrients. Vol. 9, no. 3. March. 13 p.

Caron-Beaudoin, Élyse, Pierre Ayotte, Amira Aker, Caty Blanchette, Sylvie Ricard, Véronique Gilbert, Ellen Avard, and Mélanie Lemire, (2022), "Exposure to benzene, toluene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Nunavimmiut aged 16 years and over (Nunavik, Canada)–Qanuilirpitaa 2017 survey", Environmental Research 206 (2022): 112586, 15 April 2022.

Health Canada. 2017. Fourth Report on Human Biomonitoring of Environmental Chemicals in Canada. August. 239 p.

Kim, Joanne, Jonathan Chevrier, (2020), "Exposure to parabens and prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome: An analysis of the Canadian Health Measures Survey", Science of The Total Environment, Volume 713, 135116, 15 April 2020.

Roberts, Karen C. MSc; Gregory Butler MSc; Brenda Branchard; Deepa P. Rao PhD; Victoria Otterman BA; Wendy Thompson MSc and Gayatri Jayaraman PhD. 2017. "The Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour and Sleep (PASS) Indicator Framework." Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada. Vol 37, no. 8 August,. p 252 to 256.

Cycle 5 (2016 to 2017)

Daily

Statistics Canada. 2018a. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Household and physical measures data, 2016 and 2017." The Daily. October 24.

Canadian Health Measures Survey: Household and physical measures data, 2016 and 2017

Statistics Canada. 2019a. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Non-environmental laboratory and medication data, 2016 and 2017." The Daily. February 6. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

Canadian Health Measures Survey: Non-environmental laboratory and medication data, 2016 and 2017

Statistics Canada. 2019b. "Blood pressure, hypertension and leading risk factors" The Daily. February 20.

Statistics Canada. 2019c. "Tracking physical activity levels of Canadians, 2016 and 2017." The Daily. April 17,

Statistics Canada. 2019d. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Vision data, 2016 and 2017" The Daily. October 2.

Statistics Canada. 2019e. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Environmental laboratory data, 2016 and 2017" The Daily. November 13.

Statistics Canada. 2020a. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Cycles 1, 3 and 4 (2007-2009, 2012-2013 and 2014-2015) pooled serum data files" The Daily, June 3, 2020.

Health Fact Sheets

"Sleep Apnea in Canada, 2016 and 2017." Health Fact Sheets. October 24. Statistics Canada Catalogue no 82-625-X.

"Physical activity and screen time among Canadian children and youth, 2016 and 2017" Health Fact Sheets. April 17. Statistics Canada Catalogue no 82-625-X.

Health Reports Articles

Carson, V., Langlois. K., and Colley, R. "Associations between parent and child sedentary behaviour and physical activity in early childhood". Health Reports. (82-003-X). February 2020. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003X

Harris, Daniel A., Yanling Guo, Nardine Nakhla, Mina Tadrous, David B. Hogan, Deirdre Hennessy, Kellie Langlois, Rochelle Garner, Sarah Leslie, Susan E. Bronskill, George Heckman and Colleen J. Maxwell, (2022), "Prevalence of prescription and non-prescription polypharmacy by frailty and sex among middle-aged and older Canadians", Health Reports, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X, 15 June 2022.

Hoffmann, Matt D., Rachel C. Colley, Caroline Y. Doyon, Suzy L. Wong, Grant R. Tomkins and Justin J. Lang. 2019. "Normative-referenced percentile values for physical fitness among Canadians." Health Reports. Vol. 30, no. 10. (82-003-X). October. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003X.

Data Tables

"Distribution of household population by vision status sex and age group". Table: 13100754-01, October 2, 2019.

"Overweight and obesity based on measured body mass index, by age group and sex". Table: 13-10-0324-01, October 16, 2019.

"Physical fitness measures of the household population". Table: 13-10-0324-01, October 16, 2019.

Infographics

"Obesity in Canadian Adults, 2016 and 2017." Infographics. October 24. Statistics Canada - Catalogue no. 11-627-M.

"Hypertension: Prevalence and leading risk factors." Infographics. February 20. Statistics Canada - Catalogue no. 11-627-M.

"Lead and bisphenol A (BPA) concentrations in the Canadian population." Infographics. November 13. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-627-M.

External articles and publications

Bertinato, Jesse, Cunye Qiao, Mary R L'Abbé, 2021, "Iodine Status of Canadian Children, Adolescents, and Women of Childbearing Age", The Journal of Nutrition, Volume 151, Issue 12, December 2021, Pages 3710–3717.

Brough, Louise, Iodine Intake for Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women and Their Infants Remains a Global Concern, The Journal of Nutrition, Volume 151, Issue 12, December 2021, Pages 3604–3605.

Caron-Beaudoin, Elyse, Pierre Ayotte, Caty Blanchette, Ellen Avard, Sylvie Ricard and Mélanie Lemire. 2020. "Perfluoroalkyl acids in pregnant women from Nunavik (Quebec, Canada): Trends in exposure and associations with country foods consumption." Environmental International Vol. 145, December.

Caron-Beaudoin, Elyse, Michèle Bouchard, Gilles Wendling, Antonio Barroso, Maryse F. Bouchard, Pierre Ayotte, Katherine L. Frohlich and Marc-André Verner. 2019. "Urinary and hair concentrations of trace metals in pregnant women from Northeaster British Columbia, Canada: a pilot study.". Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology. May Vol. 29.

Christoforou, Anthea, Alena (Praneet) Ng, Jodi Bernstein, Mary L'Abbe, 2021, "Estimating Usual Sodium Intake and Sodium-to-Potassium Molar Ratios From Urine Excretion Among Canadian Adults: An Analysis of the Canadian Health Measures Survey", Current Developments in Nutrition, Volume 5, Issue Supplement_2, Page 1020. June 2021.

Dubeau, Claudelle (2021), "Association entre la qualité de l'alimentation et l'exposition aux acides perfluoroalkylés (PFAA) et au bisphénol A (BPA) pouvant provenir de la transformation et de l'emballage des aliments chez les enfants et les jeunes âgés de 3 à 19 ans dans quatre communautés des Premières Nations du Québec", [Mémoire de maîtrise], Université Laval, 8 mars 2021.

Dubeau, Claudelle, Amira Aker, Élyse Caron-Beaudoin, Pierre Ayotte , Caty Blanchette, Nancy Gros-Louis McHugh, Mélanie Lemire, (2022), "Perfluoroalkyl acid and bisphenol-A exposure via food sources in four First Nation communities in Quebec, Canada", Public Health Nutrition, 1-16, 11 March 2022.

Health Canada. 2019. Fifth Report on Human Biomonitoring of Environmental Chemicals in Canada. November. 436 p.

LaKind, Judy S., Marc-André Verner, Rachel D. Rogers, Helen Goeden, Daniel Q. Naiman, Satori A. Marchitti, Geniece M. Lehmann, Erin P. Hines, and Suzanne E. Fenton, (2022), "Current Breast Milk PFAS Levels in the United States and Canada: After All This Time, Why Don't We Know More?", Environmental Health Perspectives 130:2 CID: 025002, 23 February 2022.

Cycle 6 (2018 to 2019)

Daily

Statistics Canada 2021. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Non-environmental laboratory data, 2018 and 2019." The Daily. March 5.

Statistics Canada 2021. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Activity monitor data, 2018-2019" The Daily. September 1.

External articles and publications

Health Canada, 2021, "Sixth Report on Human Biomonitoring of Environmental Chemicals in Canada", Results of the Canadian Health Measures Survey Cycle 6 (2018–2019), 14 December 2021.

Cycles 1 and 2 combined (2007 to 2011)

Health at a Glance articles

Clarke, Janine, Victoria Higgins and Khosrow Adeli. 2016. "Understanding your health by using reference ranges." Health at a glance. June. Statistics Canada Catalogue no.82-624-X. 6 p.

Health Reports articles

Bushnik, Tracey, Patrick Levallois, Monique D'Amour, Todd J. Anderson and Finlay A. McAlister. 2014. "Association between blood lead and blood pressure: Results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey (2007 to 2011)." Health Reports. Vol. 25, no. 7. July. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 13 p.

Findlay, Leanne and Dafna Kohen. 2015. "Bisphenol A and child and youth behaviour: Canadian Health Measures Survey 2007 to 2011." Health Reports. Vol. 26, no. 08. August. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X.

Fowles, Jonathon, Joel Roy, Janine Clarke and Shilpa Dogra. 2014. "Are the fittest Canadian adults also the healthiest?" Health Reports. Vol. 25, no. 5. May. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 8 p.

Garner, Rochelle and Patrick Levallois. 2016. "Cadmium levels and sources of exposure among Canadian adults." Health Reports. Vol. 27, no. 2. February. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 9 p.

Garriguet, Didier and Rachel C. Colley. 2014. "A comparison of self-reported leisure- time physical activity and measured moderate to vigorous physical activity in adolescents and adults." Health Reports. Vol. 25, no. 7. July. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 11 p.

Hennessy, Deirdre A., Peter Tanuseputro, Meltem Tuna, Carol Bennett, Richard Perez, Margot Shields, Dennis T. Ko, Jack Tu and Douglas G. Manuel. 2016. "Population health impact of statin treatment in Canada." Health Reports. Vol. 27, no. 1. January. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 9 p.

Larouche, Richard, Guy Faulkner and Mark S. Tremblay. 2016a. "Active travel and adults' health: The 2007-2011 Canadian Health Measures Surveys." Health Reports. Vol. 27, no. 4. April. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X.

---. 2016b. "Active travel and adults' health: Canadian Health Measures Survey 2007 to 2011." Health Reports. Vol. 27, no. 4. April. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 9 p.

Ng, Edward. 2015. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: A tool for immigrant health research?" Health Reports. Vol. 26, no. 3. March. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 9 p.

Rotermann, Michelle, Claudia Sanmartin, Deirdre Hennessy and Michele Arthur. 2014. "Prescription medication use by Canadians aged 6 to 79." Health Reports. Vol. 25, no. 6. June. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 9 p.

Rotermann, Michelle, Kellie Langlois, Anton Andonov and Maxim Trubnikov. 2013. "Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C virus infections: Results from the 2007 to 2009 and 2009 to 2011 Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Reports. Vol. 24, no. 11. November. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 3 to 13.

Wong, Suzy L., Allan L. Coates and Teresa To. 2016. "Exposure to industrial air pollutant emissions and lung function in children: Canadian Health Measures Survey, 2007 to 2011."Health Reports. Vol. 27, no. 2. February. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 7 p.

The Daily releases

Statistics Canada. 2013d. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Directly measured physical activity of Canadians, 2007 to 2011." The Daily. May 30. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-001-X.

Health fact sheets

---. 2013e. "Directly measured physical activity of Canadian adults, 2007 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. May 30. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2013f. "Directly measured physical activity of Canadian children and youth, 2007 to 2011." Health Fact Sheets. May 30. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

External articles and publications

Adeli, Khosrow, Victoria Higgins, Michelle Nieuwesteegl, Joshua Raizman, Yungi Chen, Suzy Wong and David Blais. 2015. "Biochemical Marker Reference Values across Pediatric, Adult, and Geriatric Ages: Establishment of Robust Pediatric and Adult Reference Intervals on the Basis of the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Clinical Chemistry. Vol. 61, no. 8. August.

Adeli, Khosrow, Victoria Higgins, Michelle Nieuwesteegl, Joshua Raizman, Yungi Chen, Suzy Wong, David Blais and M. Abdelhaleem. 2015a. "Complex biological profile of hematologic markers across pediatric, adult, and geriatric ages: establishment of robust pediatric and adult reference intervals on the basis of the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Clinical Chemistry. Vol. 61, no. 8. August. pp. 1075 to 1086.

---. 2015b. "Complex reference values for endocrine and special chemistry biomarkers across pediatric, adult, and geriatric ages: establishment of robust pediatric and adult reference intervals on the basis of the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Clinical Chemistry. Vol. 61, no. 8. August. pp. 1063 to 1074.

Aranda-Rodriquez, Rocio, Ashley Cabecinha, Jeromy Harvie, Zhiyun Jin, Axelle Marchand, Robert Tardif, Andy Nong and Sami Haddad. 2015. "A method for quantification of volatile organic compounds in blood by SPME-GC-MS/MS with broader application: From non-occupational exposure population to exposure studies."Journal of Chromatography B. Vol. 992. June. pp. 76 to 85.

Ata, Nicole. 2014. "Cardiovascular disease risk factors in Canadian-born and immigrant children and youth in the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Department of Public Health Sciences, Edmonton, AB: University of Alberta.

Betancourt, Marisol T., K.C. Roberts, T-L Bennett, E.R. Driscoll and G. Jayaraman. 2014. "Monitoring Chronic Diseases in Canada: Chronic Disease Indicator Framework." Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada. Vol. 34, no. 1. February.

Billette, Jean-Michel. 2013. "Obesity in Canada: how survey data can inform public policy."

Carson, Valerie, Suzy Wong, E. Winkler, G.N. Healy, R. C. Colley and Mark S. Tremblay. 2014. "Patterns of sedentary time and cardiometabolic risk among Canadian adults." Preventative Medicine. Vol. 65, no. 23. August. pp 23 to 27.

Chao, Yi-Sheng, Hsing-Chien Wu, Chao-Jung Wu and Wei-Chih Chen. 2018. "Stages of biological development across Age: An analysis of Canadian Health Measure Survey 2007 - "2011." Frontiers in Public Health. Vol. 5, no. 355. January. pp. 1 to 9.

Clarke, Janine J. Roy, J. Fowles and S. Dogra. 2013. "Should qualified exercise professionals measure skinfolds when assessing health-related fitness in the general population?" Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. Vol. 38, no. 10. October. pp. 1032.

Clarke, Janine and Ian Janssen. 2013. "Is the frequency of weekly moderate-to- vigorous physical activity associated with the metabolic syndrome in Canadian adults?" Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. Vol. 38, no. 7. July. pp. 773 to 778.

Coates, Allan L., Suzy L. Wong, Christopher Tremblay and John L. Hankinson. 2016. "Reference Equations for Spirometry in the Canadian Population." Annals of the American Thoracic Society. Vol. 13, no. 6. June. pp. 833 to 841.

Coonghe, Warnakulasuriya Verginia Lalantha. 2018. "Respiratory health and occupations among Canadian adolescents and adults." School of Public Health. Edmonton, AB: University of Alberta.

Copeland, Jennifer L., Janine Clarke and Shilpa Dogra. 2015. "Objectively measured and self-reported sedentary time in older Canadians." Preventive Medicine Reports. Vol. 2. pp. 90 to 95.

Do, Minh T., Vicky C. Chang, Michelle A. Mendez and Margaret de Groh. 2017. "Urinary bisphenol A and obesity in adults: results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada: Research, Policy and Practice. Vol. 37, no. 12. December.

Dogra, Shilpa, Janine Clarke, Joel Roy and Jonathan Fowles. 2015. "BMI-specific waist circumference is better than skinfolds for health-risk determination in the general population." Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism. Vol. 40, no. 2. pp. 134 to 141.

Feder, Katya Polena, David Michaud, James McNamee, Elizabeth Fitzpatrick, Pamela Ramage-Morin and Yves Beauregards. 2017. "Prevalence of Hearing Loss Among a Representative Sample of Canadian Children and Adolescents, 3 to 19 Years of age." Ear and Hearing. Vol. 36, no. 1. January. pp. 7 to 20.

Finch, Sarah L., Alan M. Rosenberg, Anthony J. Kusalik, Farhad Maleki, Elham Rezaei, Adam Baxter-Jones, Susanne Benseler, Gilles Boire, David Cabral, Sarah Campillo, Gaëlle Chédeville, Anne-Laure Chetaille, Paul Dancey, Ciaran Duffy, Karen Watanabe Duffy, Jaime Guzman, Kristin Houghton, Adam M. Huber, Roman Jurencak, Bianca Lang, Ron M. Laxer, Kimberly Morishita, Kiem G. Oen, Ross E. Petty, Suzanne E. Ramsey, Johannes Roth, Rayfel Schneider, Rosie Scuccimarri, Elizabeth Stringer, Shirley M.L. Tse, Lori B. Tucker, Stuart E. Turvey, Michael Szafron, Susan Whiting, Rae SM Yeung, Hassan Vatanparast,2021, "Higher concentrations of vitamin D in Canadian children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis compared to healthy controls are associated with more frequent use of vitamin D supplements and season of birth", Nutrition Research, Volume 92, Pages 139-149, August 2021.

Gaston, Anca, Amy Doelman, Sarah A. Edwards and Jo Ann Tober. 2014. "The impact of parenthood on Canadians' objectively measured physical activity." BMC Public Health. Vol. 14, no. 1127. November.

Greene-Finestone, L. S., D. Garriguet, S. P. J. Brooks, K. Langlois and S. J. Whiting. 2017. "Overweight and obesity are associated with lower vitamin D status in Canadian children and adolescents." Paediatrics & Child Health. Vol. 22, no. 8. December. pp. 438 to 444.

Gunaratna, Hasantha. 2018. "Hepatitis B vaccination coverage among foreign-born Canadians: Data from the Community Health Measures Survey." Department of Community Health Sciences. Winnipeg, MB: University of Manitoba.

Harris, Anne, Joanne Kim, Paul Demers, 2021, "Metabolic health measurements of shift workers in a national cross-sectional study: Results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey";, American Journal of Industrial Medicine, Volume 64, Issue 11, 03 August 2021.

Hosseini, Zeinab. (2019), "Dietary intake of Canadians in association with metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and risk of cardiovascular disease" [PhD Thesis], Pharmacy and Nutrition Department, University of Saskatchewan, 25 March 2019.

Hosseini, Zeinab, Mehdi Rostami, Susan J. Whiting, and Hassan Vatanparast, Fast-Food Dietary Pattern Is Linked to Higher Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Older Canadian Adults, Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, Volume 2021, Article ID 5712844, 21 Oct 2021.

Hosseini, Zeinab, Susan J. Whiting and Hassan Vatanparast. 2019. "Canadians' Dietary Intake from 2007 to 2011 and across Different Sociodemographic/Lifestyle Factors Using the Canadian Health Measures Survey Cycles 1 and 2." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism. Vol. 2019. February. 80p.

Hu, Xue Feng and Hing Man Chan. 2018. "Factors associated with the blood and urinary selenium concentrations in the Canadian population: Results of the Canadian Health Measures Survey (2007-2011)." International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. Vol. 221, no. 7. August. pp. 1023 to 1031.

Jackson, B. and P. Huston. 2016 "Commentary - Advancing health equity to improve health: the time is now." Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada: Research, Policy and Practice. Vol. 36, no. 2. February. pp. 17 to 20.

Kuhle, Stefan, Bryan Maguire, Nicole Ata and David Hamilton. 2015. "Percentile curves for anthropometric measures for Canadian children and youth." PLOS ONE. Vol. 10, no. 7. pp. 1 to 16.

Kuhle, Stefan, Jillian Ashley-Martin, Bryan Maguire and David C. Hamilton. 2016. "Percentile curves for skinfold thickness for Canadian children and youth." PeerJ. Vol. 4. July. pp. 1 to 22.

Kuhle, Stefan, Nicole Ata, Bryan Maguire, Natasha MacInnis and Linda Dodds. 2017. "Birth weight for gestational age, anthropometric measures, and cardiovascular disease markers in children." Journal of Pediatrics. Vol. 182. March. pp. 99 to 106.

Lang, Justin J., Richard Larouche, Mark S. Tremblay, (2019), "The association between physical fitness and health in a nationally representative sample of Canadian children and youth aged 6 to 17 years", Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada : Research, Policy and Practice, Vol 39, No 3, 104-111, March 2019.

Langlois, É, G. Saravanabhavan G, T.E. Arbuckle and S. Giroux. 2014. "Correction and comparability of phthalate metabolite measurements of Canadian biomonitoring studies (2007-2012)." Environment International. Vol. 64. March. pp. 129 to 133.

Levallois, Patrick, Elhadji Anassour-Laouan, Sidi, Pierre Ayotte. 2018. "Exposition à l'arsenic et prévalence du diabète de type 2 dans l'Enquête canadienne sur les mesures de la santé - Rapport de recherche." Institut national de santé publique. Février.

MacPherson, M., Margaret de Groh, L. Loukine, D. Prud'homme and L. Dubois. 2016. "Release notice - " Strengthening the evidence base on social determinants of health: measuring everyday discrimination through a CCHS rapid response module." Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada: Research, Policy and Practice. Vol. 36, no. 2. February. p. 41.

Malits, Julia, Mrudula Naidu, and Leonardo Trasande, (2022), "Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Canada: Population-Based Estimates of Disease Burden and Economic Costs", Toxics 10, no. 3: 146, 19 March 2022.

Neil-Sztramko, Sarah E., Carolyn C. Gotay, Paul A. Demers and Kristin L. Campbell. 2016. "Physical activity, physical fitness, and body composition of Canadian shift workers: Data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey cycles 1 and 2." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Vol. 58, no. 1. January. pp. 94 to 100.

Ngueta, Gerard. 2016. "Assessing the influence of age and ethnicity on the association between iron status and blood lead concentration in blood: Results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey (2007-2011)." Biological Trace Element Research. Vol. 171, no. 2. pp. 301 to 307.

Ngueta, Gerard and André Pascal Kengne. 2017. "Low-Level environmental lead exposure and dysglycemia in adult individuals: Results from the Canadian Health and Measure Survey 2007 - 2011." Biological Trace Element Research. Vol. 175, no. 2. February. pp. 278 to 286.

Nguyen, Hai V. and Paul Grootendorst. 2014. "Does the child fitness tax credit make children more active?"

Perks, Thomas Alexander. 2015. "Obesity and its relation to employment income: Does the bias in self-reported BMI matter?" Canadian Studies in Population. Vol. 42, no. 3-4. pp. 39 to 48.

Proceedings of the Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology Annual General Meeting. 2013. "Extreme Human Physiology: From Pathology to Performance." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. October

Public Health Agency of Canada. 2016. "Other PHAC publications." Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada: Research, Policy and Practice. Vol. 36, no. 2. February. pp. 42.

Rao, Deepa Prema. 2016. "Metabolic syndrome and chronic disease in Canada: The role of material, psychosocial, and behavioural factors." - Department of Population Health. Ottawa, ON: University of Ottawa.

Rao, Deepa P., Heather Orpana and Daniel Krewski. 2016. "Physical activity and non- movement behaviours: Their independent and combined associations with metabolic syndrome." International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. Vol. 13, no. 26. pp. 1 to 11.

Rodd, Celia, Allison Feely, Allison Dart, Atul Sharma and Jon McGavock. 2018. "Biological and socioeconomic determinants of prediabetes in youth: An analysis using 2007 to 2011 Canadian Health Measures Surveys." Pediatric Research. Vol. 84, no. 2. pp. 248 to 253.

Rowe, Ashley. 2015. "The relationship between body composition and lung function, and the effect of physical fitness." Department of Epidemiology. Halifax, NS: Dalhousie University.

Rowe, Ashley, P. Hernandez, S. Kuhle and S. Kirkland. 2017. "The association between anthropometric measures and lung function in a population-based study of Canadian adults." Respiratory Medicine. Vol. 131. October. pp. 199 to 204.

Roy, J., J. Clarke, S. Dogra and J. Fowles. 2013. "The health of Canadian adults across fitness categories." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. Vol. 38, no. 10. October. p. 1074.

Sarafin, Kurtis, Ramon Durazo-Arvizu, Lu Tian, Karen W. Phinney, Susan Tai, Johanna E. Camara, Joyce Merkel, Evan Green, Christopher T. Sempos and Stephen P. J. Brooks. 2015. "Standardizing 25-hydroxyvitamin D values from the Canadian Health Measures Survey." The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Vol. 102, no. 5. November. pp. 1044 to 1050.

Shi, Y., Margaret de Groh and C. Bancej. 2016. "Socioeconomic gradients in cardiovascular risk in Canadian children and adolescents." Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada: Research, Policy and Practice. Vol. 36, no. 2. February. pp. 21 to 31.

St-Amand, A., K. Werry, L. Aylward, S. Hayes and A. Nong. 2014. "Screening of population level biomonitoring data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey in a risk-based context." Toxicology Letters. Vol. 232, no. 2. December. pp. 126-134

Saravanabhavan, Gurusankar, Ellen Lye, Kate Werry, Nellie Roest and Douglas Haines. 2013. "Baseline levels of selected environmental chemicals in Canadians: Results from Canadian health Measures Survey" Environmental Health Perspectives. Abstract Vol. 2013. Issue 1

Thielman, Justin, Heather Manson, Maria Chiu, Ray Copes and Laura C. Rosella. 2016. "Residents of highly walkable neighbourhoods in Canadian urban areas do substantially more physical activity: A cross-sectional analysis." Canadian Medical Association Journal (CMAJ) Open. Vol. 4, no. 4. pp. E720 to E728.

Thielman, Justin, Ray Copes, Laura C Rosella, Maria Chiu, and Heather Manson, (2019), "Is neighbourhood walkability related to body mass index among different age groups? A cross-sectional study of Canadian urban areas", BMJ Open, Volume 9, Issue 11, 1-9, November 2019.

Hu, Xue Feng, Saverjo Stranges, and Laurie H. M. Chan. 2019. "Circulating Selenium Concentration Is Inversely Associated With the Prevalence of Stroke: Results From the Canadian Health Measures Survey and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey" Journal of the American Heart Association Vol. 8, no. 10.

Cycles 1 and 3 combined (2007 to 2009, 2012 to 2013)

External articles and publications

Czoli, Christine D. and David Hammon. 2018. "Carcinogen Exposure among Canadian Tobacco Users: Changes in NNK Exposure form 2007-2009 through 2012-2013." American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) publications. March. Vol. 27, no. 3.

Hu, Xue Feng, Kavita Singh, Tiff-Annie Kenny and Hing Man Chan. 2019. "Prevalence of heart attack and stroke and associated risk factors among Inuit in Canada: A comparison with the general Canadian population." International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. Vol. 222, no. 2. March. pp. 319 to 326.

Munasinghe, Lalani L., Noreen D. Willows, Yan Yuan, John Paul Ekwaru and Paul J. Veugelers. 2017. "Vitamin D sufficiency of Canadian children did not improve following the 2010 revision of the dietary guidelines that recommended higher intake of vitamin D: An analysis of the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Nutrients. Vol. 9, no. 9. August. pp. 1 to 11.

Cycles 1, 2 and 3 combined (2007 to 2013)

Health Reports articles

Bushnik, Tracey, Deirdre Hennessy, Finlay A. McAlister and Douglas G. Manuel. 2018. "Bushnik, Tracey, Didier Garriguet and Rachel Colley. 2017. "Parent-Child association in body weight status." Health Reports. Vol. 28, no. 6. June. Statistics Canada catalogue no. 82-003X.

Factors associated with hypertension control among older Canadians." Health Reports. Vol. 29, no. 6. June. Statistics Canada catalogue no. 82-003X.

Garriguet, Didier. 2016. "Using a Betabinomial distribution to estimate the prevalence of adherence to physical activity guidelines among children and youth." Health Reports. Vol. 27, no. 4. April. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 7 p.

Garriguet, Didier, Tracey Bushnik and Rachel Colley. 2017. "Parent-Child association in physical activity and sedentary behaviour." Health Reports. Vol. 28, no. 6. June. Statistics Canada catalogue no. 82-003X.

Levesque, Johanne and Trevor Mischki. 2021. "Exposure to tobacco smoke among Canadian nonsmokers based on questionnaire and biomonitoring data." Health Reports. Vol. 32, no. 2. February Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X.

Rollo, Scott, Justin J. Lang, Karen C. Roberts, Felix Bang, Valerie Carson, Jean-Philippe Chaput, Rachel C. Colley, Ian Janssen and Mark S. Tremblay, (2022), "Health associations with meeting the Canadian 24-hour movement guidelines for adults: Results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey", Health Reports, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X, 19 January 2022.

Thomson, Errol, Harun Kalayci and Mike Walker. 2019. "Cumulative toll of exposure to stressors in Canada: An allostatic load profile." Health Reports. Vol. 30, no. 6. June. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp. 14-21.

Wong, Suzy. 2016a. "Grip strength reference values for Canadians aged 6 to 79: Canadian Health Measures Survey, 2007 to 2013." Health Reports. Vol. 27, no. 10. October. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 8 p.

---. 2016b. "Reduced muscular strength among Canadians aged 60 to 79: Canadian Health Measures Survey, 2007 to 2013." Health Reports. Vol. 27, no.10. October. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 7 p.

External articles and publications

Ashley-Martin, Jillian, Regina Ensenauer, Bryan Maguire and Stefan Kuhle. 2019. "Predicting cardiometabolic markers in children using tri-ponderal mass index: a cross- sectional study." Archives of Disease in Childhood. Vol. 103, no. 6.

Ata, Nicole, Bryan Maguire, David C. Hamilton and Stefan Kuhle. 2018. "Percentile curves for cardiometabolic disease markers in Canadian children and youth: a cross- sectional study." BMC Pediatrics. Vol. 18, no. 1. September. pp. 1 to 11.

Bernard, Paquito, G. Hains-Monfette, S. Atoui and C. Kingsbury. 2018. "Differences in daily objective physical activity and sedentary time between women with self-reported fibromyalgia and controls: Results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Clinical Rheumatology. Vol. 37, no. 8. August. pp. 2285 to 2290.

Bernard, Paquito, G. Hains-Monfette, S. Atoui and G. Moullec. 2018. "Daily objective physical activity and sedentary time in adults with COPD using spirometry data from Canadian Measures Health Survey." Canadian Respiratory Journal. Vol. 2018. December. pp. 1 to 9.

Bernard, Paquito, Isabelle Doré, Ahmed-Jérôme Romain, Gabriel Hains-Monfette, Celia Kingsbury and Catherine Sabiston. 2018. "Dose response association of objective physical activity with mental health in a representative national sample of adults: A cross-sectional study." PLOS ONE. Vol. 13, no. 10. October. pp. 1 to 16.

Brooks, Stephen P. J., Linda Greene-Finestone, Susan Whiting, Vitali E. Fioletov, Patrick Laffey and Nicholas Petronella. 2019. "An Analysis of Factors Associated with 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels in White and Non-White Canadians.". Journal of AOAC International. Vol. 100 issue 5 September. Published: November 22, 2019.

Carson, Valerie, Jean-Philippe Chaput, Ian Janssen and Mark S. Tremblay. 2017. "Health associations with meeting new 24-hour movement guidelines for Canadian children and youth," Preventive Medicine. Vol 95. February. pp. 7 to 13.

Carson, Valerie, Mark S. Tremblay, Jean-Philippe Chaput and Sebastien F. M Chastin. 2016. "Associations between sleep duration, sedentary time, physical activity, and health indicators among Canadian children and youth using compositional analyses." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. Vol. 41, no. 6. June. pp. S294 to S302.

Chao, Yi-Sheng, Chao-Jung Wu, Hsing-Chien Wu and Wei-Chih Chen. 2018. "Principal component approximation and interpretation in health survey and biobank data." Frontiers in Digital Humanities. Vol. 5, no. 11.

Chu, Filmer, (2019), "Econometric methods for secondary data in health research" [ PhD Thesis]. Department of Medicine. Edmonton, AB: University of Alberta, Fall 2019.

Chu, Filmer, Arto Ohinmaa, Scott Klarenbach, Zing-Wae Wong and Paul Veugeler. 2017. "Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and indicators of mental health: An analysis of the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Nutrients. Vol. 9, no. 10. October. pp. 1116 to 1123.

Garner, Rochelle and Patrick Levallois. 2017 "Associations between cadmium levels in blood and urine, blood pressure and hypertension among Canadian adults." Environmental Research. Vol. 155. May. pp. 64 to 72.

Gibson, Deborah. 2015. "Nutrition Biomarkers, Cycle 1 - Canadian Health measures Survey - Food and Nutrition Surveillance - Health Canada." Health Canada.

Gravel, Sabrina, Jérôme Lavoué and France Labrèche. 2017. "Industry, occupation and sex differences in workers' exposure to endocrine disrupting metals in an American and a Canadian survey." Occupational and Environmental Medicine. Vol. 74, no. 1, pp. A129.

Hains-Monfette, Gabriel, Sarah Atoui, Kelsey Dancause and Paquito Bernard. 2018. "Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behaviors in a representative sample of Canadian adults with chronic disease(s): a cross-sectional study." Department of Physical Activity Sciences. Montréal, Québec: Université du Québec à Montréal.

Hajna, Samantha, Nancy A. Ross and Kaberi Dasgupta. 2018. "Steps, moderate-to- vigorous physical activity, and cardiometabolic profiles." Preventive Medicine. Vol. 107. February. pp. 69 to 74.

Harris, Anne, Trevor Van Ingen, Joanne Kim and Paul Demers. 2015. "Using the CHMS to explore the health effects of shift work."

Haywood, Nicole. 2018. "Physical activity, sedentary time, sleep duration, and self-rated health in older adults: A compositional analysis." Department of Public Health Sciences. Kingston, ON: Queen's University.

Hirsch, Lauren Elizabeth. 2016. "Second-generation antipsychotics and metabolic side effects in the Canadian population." Calgary, AB: University of Calgary.

Hirsch, Lauren, Scott B. Patten, Lauren Bresee, Nathalie Jetté and Tamara Pringsheim. 2018. "Second-generation antipsychotics and metabolic side-effects: Canadian population-based study." BJPsych Open. Vol. 4, no. 4. July. pp. 256 to 261.

Kehler, Dustin Scott, Thomas Ferguson, Andrew N. Stammers, Clara Bohm, Rakesh C.

Arora, Todd A. Duhamel and Navdeep Tangri. 2017. "Prevalence of frailty in Canadians 18-79 years old in the Canadian Health Measures Survey." BMC Geriatrics. Vol. 17, no. 28. pp. 1 to 8.

Khanam, Ulfat Ara. 2018. "Are dietary factors associated with lung function in Canadian adults?" Community Health and Epidemiology. Saskatoon, SK: University of Saskatchewan.

Kim, G.J., Christopher Newth, Allan Coates, Patrick Ross and Suzy Wong. 2018. "Does Size Matter When Calculating the "Correct" Tidal Volume for Pediatric Mechanical Ventilation?: A Hypothesis Based on FVC." Chest. Vol. 154, no.1. July. pp. 77 to 83.

Kingsbury, Célia, Antohy D. Karelis, Gabriel Hains-Monfette and Bernard Paquito. "Association between daily level of objective physical activity and C-reactive protein in a representative nation sample of adults with self-reported diagnosed arthritis of fibromyalgia." SportRxiv Preprints. Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal.

Lamontagne, Patricia and Denis Hamel. 2016. "Surveillance du statut pondéral mesuré chez les jeunes du Québec : état de situation jusqu'en 2013." Institut national de santé publique du Québec (INSPQ).

Leung, Alexander A., Hsiu-Ju Chang, Finlay A. McAlister, Nadia A. Khan, Doreen M. Rabi, Hude Quan and Raj S. Padwal. 2018. "Applicability of the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) to the Canadian population." Canadian Journal of Cardiology. Vol. 34, no. 5. May. pp. 670 to 675.

Maguire, Bryan. 2016. "Comparison of methods for growth chart construction in the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Halifax, NS: Dalhousie University.

Malits, Julia, Mrudula Naidu, and Leonardo Trasande, (2022), "Supplementary Materials: Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Canada: Population-Based Estimates of Disease Burden and Economic Costs", Toxics 2022, 10(3), 146, 19 March 2022.

Mudryj, Adriana N., Margaret de Groh, Harold M. Aukema and Nancy Yu. 2016. "Folate intakes from diet and supplements may place certain Canadians at risk for folic acid toxicity." British Journal of Nutrition. Vol. 116, no. 7. pp. 1236 to 1245.

Qureshi, Hena. 2017. "The economic impact of dietary sodium reduction in Canada." Cumming School of Medicine. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary.

Rollo, Scott, Karen C. Roberts, Felix Bang, Valerie Carson, Jean-Philippe Chaput, Rachel C. Colley, Ian Janssen, and Mark S. Tremblay, (2022), "Sociodemographic Factors Associated With Meeting the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines Among Adults: Findings From the Canadian Health Measures Survey", Journal of Physical Activity and Health 19, no. 3 (2022): 194-202, 01 March 2022.

Salami, Bukola, Maryna Yaskina, Kathleen Hegadoren, Esperanza Diaz, Salima Meherali, Anu Rammohan and Yoav Ben-Shlomo. 2017. "Migration and social determinants of mental health: Results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Canadian Journal of Public Health. Vol. 108, no. 4. July. pp. e362-e357.

Saravanabhavan, G, K. Werry, M. Walker, D. Haines, M. Malowany and C. Khoury. 2017. "Human biomonitoring reference values for metals and trace elements in blood and urine derived from the Canadian Health Measures Survey 2007-2013." International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. March Vol. 220, no. 2 pp189-200.

Senthilselvan, Ambikaipakan and Jeremy Beach, (2019), "Characteristics of asthma and COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS) in the Canadian population", Journal of Asthma, Volume 56, 2019 - Issue 11, 1129-1137, 25 Oct 2018.

St-Amour, Samuel, Gabriel Hains-Monfette, Kelsey N. Dancause, Lionel Cailhol, Paquito Bernard, (2021), "Antidepressant medication use and objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behaviors in adults: A cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative sample of Canadian adults", Mental Health and Physical Activity, Volume 20, 100394, March 2021.

Thielman, Justin, Daniel Harrington, Laura Rosella and Heather Manson. 2018. "Prevalence of age-specific and sex-specific overweight and obesity in Ontario and Quebec, Canada: a cross-sectional study using direct measures of height and weight." BMJ Open. Vol. 8, no. 9. pp. 1 to 8.

Valcke, Mathieu, Subramanian Karthikeyan, Mike Walker, Michelle Gagné, Ray Vopes, Annie St-Amand. 2020. ;"Regional variations in human chemical exposures in Canada: A case study using biomonitoring data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey for the provinces of Quebec and Ontario." International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. Vol. 225, April.

Zandy, Moe, Vicky Chang, Deepa P. Rao, Minh T. Do, (2020), "Tobacco smoke exposure and sleep: estimating the association of urinary cotinine with sleep quality", Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada, Vol 40, No 3, March 2020.

Valcke, Mathieu, Ph.D. 2018. "Extraction des données québécoises de biosurveillance des substances chimiques de l'environnement issues de l'Enquête canadienne sur les mesures de la santé" Rapport d'étude - Direction de la santé environnementale et de la toxicologie. Institut national de santé publique du Québec. Janvier, no. 2385

Cycles 1, 2 and 5 combined (2007 to 2009, 2009 to 2011 and 2016 to 2017)

The Daily Releases

Statistics Canada. 2021. "Do fit kids have fit parents?" The Daily. January 20. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X.

Health Reports articles

Colley, Rachel C., Janine Clarke, Caroline Y. Doyon, Ian Janssen, Justin J. Lang, Brian W. Timmons and Mark S. Tremblay. 2019. "Trends in physical fitness among Canadian children and youth." Health Reports. October 16. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X.

Colley, Rachel C., Janine Clarke, Caroline Y. Doyon, Ian Janssen, Justin J. Lang, Brian W. Timmons and Mark S. Tremblay. 2021. "Do fit kids have fit parents? " Health Reports. January Vol. 32 no. 1. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X.

Doyon, C.Y., Colley, R.C., Clarke, J., Janssen, I., Timmons, B.W., Tomkinson, G.R., Tremblay, M.S. & Lang, J.J. 2021, "Trends in physical fitness among Canadian adults, 2007 to 2017", Health Reports, November vol. 32, no. 11, pp. 3-15.

External articles and publications

Cakmak, Sabit, Anna Lukina, Subramanian Karthikeyan, Ella Atlas, Robert Dales, (2022), "The association between blood PFAS concentrations and clinical biochemical measures of organ function and metabolism in participants of the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS)", Science of The Total Environment, Volume 827, 153900, 25 June 2022.

Phillips, Emily Wolfe, Deepa P. Rao, Leonard A. Kaminsky, Grant R. Tomkinson, Robert Ross, and Justin J. Lang, (2020), "Criterion-referenced mCAFT cut-points to identify metabolically healthy cardiorespiratory fitness among adults aged 18–69 years: an analysis of the Canadian Health Measures Survey", Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Volume 45, Number 9, September 2020.

Cycles 2 and 3 combined (2009 to 2013)

Health Reports articles

Garriguet, Didier, Valerie Carson, Rachel C. Colley, Ian Janssen, Brian W. Timmons and Mark S. Tremblay. 2016. "Physical activity and sedentary behaviour of Canadian children aged 3 to 5." Health Reports. Vol. 27, no. 9. September. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 10 p.

External articles and publications

Barberio, Amanda M. 2016. "A Canadian population-based study of the relationship between fluoride exposure and indicators of cognitive and thyroid functioning; Implications for community water fluoridation." Calgary, AB: University of Calgary.

Barberio, Amanda M., Carlos Quiñonez, F. Shaun Hosein and Lindsay McLaren. 2017. "Fluoride exposure and reported learning disability diagnosis among Canadian children: Implications for community water fluoridation." Canadian Journal of Public Health. Vol. 108, no. 3. pp. e229 to e239.

Barberio, Amanda M., F. Shaun Hosein, Carlos Quiñonez and Lindsay McLaren. 2017. "Fluoride exposure and indicators of thyroid functioning in the Canadian population: Implications for community water fluoridation." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. Vol. 71, no. 10. pp. 1019 to 1025.

Carson, Valerie, Mark S. Tremblay and Sebastien F. M. Chastin. 2017. "Cross-sectional associations between sleep duration, sedentary time, physical activity and adiposity indicators among Canadian preschool children using compositional analyses." BMC Public Health. Vol. 17, no. 5. November. pp. 123 to 121.

Chao, Yi-Sheng, (2022), "Human Papillomavirus Infection Rate by Genotype and Vaccination Rates in Canada: Canadian Health Measures Survey 2009 to 2013", medRxiv, 06 April 2022.

Dales, Robert E., Sabit Cakmak, Chris Hebbern and Jasmine D. Cakmak. 2017. "The influence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on lung function in a representative sample of the Canadian population." Environmental Pollution. Vol. 228. September. pp. 1 to 7.

Juric, Amanda, Kavita Singh, Xue Feng Hu and Hing Man Chan. 2019. "Exposure to triclosan among the Canadian population: Results of the Canadian Health Measures Survey (2009 - "2013)." Environment International. Vol. 120. pp. 29 to 38.

Osman, Selma, Natasha Crowcroft, Elizabeth McLachlan, Todd Hatchette, Carol Perez-Iratxeta, Eugene Joh, James Wright, Scott A. Halperin, Shelley Deeks, Sarah Wilson, Sarah Buchan, Brian Ward, Jonathan Gubbay, Marc Brisson, Bouchra Serhir, Alberto Severini, Shelly Bolotin, (2022), "Population immunity to measles in Canada using Canadian Health Measures survey data – A Canadian Immunization Research Network (CIRN) study", Vaccine, Volume 40, Issue 23, Pages 3228-3235, 20 May 2022.

Riddell, J. K., Malin A. J., Flora D., McCague H., and Till C. (2019). Association of water fluoride and urinary fluoride concentrations with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Canadian youth. Environment International, 133 (Part B), 1-8, December 2019.

Rodd, Celia and Atul K. Sharma. 2016. "Recent trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Canadian children." Canadian Medical Association Journal (CMAJ). Vol. 188, no. 13. September. pp. E313 to E320

Rodd, Celia and Atulm K. Sharma. 2017. "Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Canadian children, 2004 to 2013: Impact of socioeconomic determinants." Paediatrics and Child Health. Vol. 22, no. 3. June. pp. 153 to 158.

Tahir, Emad, Pierre Ayotte, Matthew Little, Richard R. Bélanger, Michel Lucas, Donna Mergler, Sidi Elhadji A Laouan, Comunity of Winneway – Long Point First Nation, Community of Lac Simon, CSSS Tshukuminu Kanani of Natashkuan, Community of Unamen Shipu, Nancy Gros-Louis McHugh, Mélanie Lemire. 2018. "Characteristics of anemia and iron status and their associations with blood manganese and lead among children aged 3 to 19 years old from four First Nation communities in Québec." Université Laval.

Data table

Distribution of household population by infection marker
Statistics Canada. Table: 13-10-0335-01 (formerly: CANSIM 117-0017). Release date: 2018-07-10

Cycles 2 and 5 combined (2009 to 2011, 2016 to 2017)

External articles and publications

Ratelle, Mylene, Packull-McCormick Sara, Bouchard Michele, Majowicz Shannon and Laird Brian. 2020. "Human biomonitoring of metals in sub-Arctic Dene communities of the Northwest Territories, Canada." Environmental Research. Volume 190, November.

Cycles 2, 3 and 4 combined (2009 to 2015)

Health Reports articles

Colley, Rachel C., Tanya Christidis, Isabelle Michaud, Michael Tjepkema and Nancy A Ross. 2019. "The association between walkable neighbourhoods and physical activity across the lifespan." Health Reports. Vol. 30, no. 9. September. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X.

Bang, Felix, Karen C. Roberts, Jean-Philippe Chaput, Gary S. Goldfield, Stephanie A. Prince. 2020. "An examination of the associations between walkable neighbourhoods and obesity and self-rated health in Canadians." Health Reports. Vol. 30, no. 9. September. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X.

Bang, Felix, Karen C. Roberts, Jean-Philippe Chaput, Gary S. Goldfield, Stephanie A. Prince. 2020. "Physical activity, screen time and sleep duration: Combined associations with psychosocial health among Canadian children and youth.". Health Reports. Vol. 31, no. 5. July. September. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. pp 9 -16.

Data tables

Children's body mass index – Center for Disease Control classification system. Inactive. Table: 13-10-0320-01 (formerly: CANSIM 117-0002). Released date: 2018-10-24 - ARCHIVED, Statistics Canada.

Children's body mass index – Cole classification system. Inactive. Table: 13-10-0320-01 (formerly: CANSIM 117-0002). Released date: 2018-10-24 - ARCHIVED, Statistics Canada.

Children's body mass index – World Health Organization classification system. Inactive. Table: 13-10-0322-01 (formerly: CANSIM 117-0004). Released date: 2018-10-24 - ARCHIVED, Statistics Canada.

Adult body mass index – Health Canada classification. Inactive. Table: 13-10-0323-01 (formerly: CANSIM 117-0005). Released date: 2018-10-24 - ARCHIVED, Statistics Canada.

Distribution of the household population by blood pressure classification Table: 13-10-0327-01(formerly CANSIM 117-0009), Statistics Canada.

Distribution of the household population by musculoskeletal fitness classification, inactive Table: 13-10-0325-01(formerly CANSIM 117-0007), Archived, Statistics Canada

Lung capacity measures of the household population. Table: 13-10-0328-01 (formerly: CANSIM 117-0010). Release date: 2018-07-10, Statistics Canada.

Infographics

"Walkable neighbourhoods and physical activity in Canada." Infographics. September 18, 2019. Statistics Canada - Catalogue no. 11-627-M.

External articles and publications

LaKind, Judy S., Tyler Pollock, Daniel Q. Naiman, Sungroul Kim, Audra Nagasawa, Janine Clarke, (2019), "Factors affecting interpretation of national biomonitoring data from multiple countries: BPA as a case study", Environmental Research, Volume 173, 2019, Pages 318-329, June 2019.

Cycles 2, 3 and 4 combined (2011 to 2015)

Data tables

Urine fluoride measures of the household population, by sex and age group. Table: 13-10-0103-01 (formerly CANSIM 117-0023). Release date: 2017-12-07. Statistics Canada.

Cycles 2, 3, 4 and 5 combined (2009 to 2017)

Data tables

Cardiovascular health measures of the household population, Table: 13-10-0326-01 (formerly CANSIM 117-0008). Release date: 2019-11-13, Statistics Canada

Chemistry panel of the household population, Table: 13-10-0332-01 (formerly CANSIM 117-0014). Release date: 2019-11-13, Statistics Canada

Complete blood count of the household population, Table: 13-10-0333-01 (formerly CANSIM 117-0015). Release date: 2019-11-13, Statistics Canada

Distribution of the household population by physical fitness classification, Table: 13-10-0755-01. Release date: 2019-10-16, Statistics Canada.

Average time spent sedentary, Table: 13-10-0338-01 (formerly CANSIM 117-0020). Release date: 2019-04-17, Statistics Canada.

Average time spent being physically active, Table: 13-10-0339-01 (formerly CANSIM 117-0021). Release date: 2019-04-17, Statistics Canada.

External articles and publications

Scott B. Patten, MD, PhD and Jeanne V.A. Williams MSc "Lithium, an Infrequently Used Medication." The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. 2020 Vol. 65 (3) p 204-205.

Cycles 2, 3, 4 and 5 combined (2011 to 2017)

Data tables

Household population meeting/not meeting the Canadian physical activity guidelines, Table: 13-10-0388-01. Release date: 2019-04-17, Statistics Canada.

Cycles 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 combined (2009 to 2019)

Health Reports articles

Carson, Valerie, Kellie Langlois and Rachel Colley. 2020. "Association between parent and child sedentary behaviour and physical activity in early childhood." Health Reports. Vol. 31, no. 2. February. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X.

Data tables

Statistics Canada, (2021), "Household population meeting/not meeting the 2011 Canadian physical activity guidelines, inactive", Statistics Canada, Table: 13-10-0388-01, Release date: 2021-09-01.

Statistics Canada, (2021), "Household population meeting/not meeting the 2020 Canadian physical activity guidelines", Statistics Canada, Table: 13-10-0821-01, Release date: 2021-09-01.

Chemistry panel of the household population, Table: 13-10-0332-01 (formerly CANSIM 117-0014). Release date: 2021-03-05, Statistics Canada.

Complete blood count of the household population, Table: 13-10-0333-01 (formerly CANSIM 117-0015). Release date: 2021-03-05, Statistics Canada.

Nutritional status of the household population, Table: 13-10-0336-01 (formerly CANSIM 117-0018). Release date: 2021-03-05, Statistics Canada.

Anthropometry measures of the household population, Table: 13-10-0319-01 (formerly CANSIM 117-0001). Release date: 2020-10-14, Statistics Canada.

Overweight and obesity based on measured body mass index, by age group and sex, Table: 13-10-0373-01. Release date: 2020-10-14, Statistics Canada.

Cardiovascular health measures of the household population, Table: 13-10-0326-01 (formerly CANSIM 117-0008). Release date: 2021-06-28, Statistics Canada

Physical fitness measures of the household population, Table: 13-10-0324-01 (formerly CANSIM 117-0006). Release date: 2021-09-01, Statistics Canada

Average time spent sedentary, Table: 13-10-0338-01 (formerly CANSIM 117-0020). Release date: 2021-09-01, Statistics Canada

Average time spent being physically active, Table: 13-10-0339-01 (formerly CANSIM 117-0021). Release date: 2021-09-01, Statistics Canada

Distribution of the household population by physical fitness, Table :13-10-0755-01. Release date: 2021-09-01, Statistics Canada

Cycles 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 combined (2011 to 2019)

Data tables

Archived - Household population meeting/not meeting the Canadian physical activity guidelines, Table:13-10-0388-01. Release date: 2021-09-01, Statistics Canada.

Cycles 2, 4 and 6 combined (2009 to 2011, 2014 to 2015, and 2018 to 2019)

External articles and publications

Aker, Amira, Élyse Caron-Beaudoin, Pierre Ayotte, Sylvie Ricard, Véronique Gilbert, Ellen Avard & Mélanie Lemire, (2022), "Non-persistent exposures from plasticizers or plastic constituents in remote Arctic communities: a case for further research", Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology, 32, pages400–407, 28 March 2022.

Cycles 3 and 4 combined (2012 to 2015)

Health Reports articles

DeGuire, Jason, Janine Clarke, Kaitlyn Rouleau, Joel Roy and Tracey Bushnik. 2019. "Blood Pressure and Hypertension in Canada." Health Reports. Vol. 30, no. 2. February. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 8 p.

Ramage-Morin, Pamela L and Marc Gosselin. 2016. "Canadians vulnerable to workplace noise." Health Reports. Vol. 29, no. 8. August. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X.

Ramage-Morin, Pamela L., Rex Banks, Dany Pineault and Maha Atrach. 2019. "Tinnitus in Canada." Health Reports. Vol. 30, no. 3. March. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 9 p.

Ramage-Morin, Pamela L., Rex Banks, Dany Pineault and Maha Atrach. 2019. "Unperceived hearing loss among Canadians aged 40 to 79." Health Reports. Vol. 30, no. 8. August 21. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 9 p.

Ramage-Morin, Pamela L., Rex Banks, Dany Pineault, Maha Atrach and Heather Gilmour, (2021), "Hypertension associated with hearing health problems among Canadian adults aged 19 to 79 years", Health Reports, Vol. 32, no. 10, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X, 20 October 2021.

The Daily

Statistics Canada. "Unperceived hearing loss among Canadians aged 40 to 79" August 21. 2019, Statistics Canada.

Statistics Canada. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Selected Laboratory data 2012 to 2015." December 9. 2016, Statistics Canada.

Statistics Canada. "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Spirometry data 2012 to 2015." January 12, 2017, Statistics Canada.

Health fact sheets

Statistics Canada. 2016a. "Blood pressure of adults, 2012 to 2015." Health Fact Sheets. October 13. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2016b. "Blood pressure of children and youth, 2012 to 2015." Health Fact Sheets. October 13. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2016c. "Hearing loss of Canadians, 2012 to 2015." Health Fact Sheets. October 13. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

---. 2017. "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease under-diagnosed in Canadian adults: Results from cycles 3 and 4 (2012 to 2015) of the Canadian Health Measures Survey." Health Fact Sheets. January 12. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

Infographics

Statistic Canada, (2021), "Hearing health of Canadian adults", Statistics Canada infographics, Statistics Canada Catalogue number: 11-627-M, 20 October 2021.

External articles and publications

Chao, Yi-Sheng, (2022), "Trends in TSH, free T4, and anti-thyroid peroxidase and treatment status: Canadian Health Measures Survey 2012 to 2015" medRxiv, 21 April 2022.

Demonty, Isabelle, Kellie Langlois, Linda S. Green-Finestone, Rana Zoka and Loan Nguyen. 2021. "Proportions of long-chain ω-3 fatty acids in erythrocyte membranes of Canadian adults: Results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey 2012 - 2015." The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Vol. 113, no. 4. April.

Demonty, Isabelle, Kellie Langlois, Linda S. Green-Finestone, Rana Zoka and Loan Nguyen. 2021. "Proportions of long-chain ω-3 fatty acids in erythrocyte membranes of Canadian adults: Results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey 2012 - 2015 SUPPLEMENTARY Data." The American Journal of clinical Nutrition. Vol. 113, no. 4. April.

Jackson, Kristina H. and William S. Harris. 2021. "Assessing the Omega-3 Index in a population: Canada did it right." The American Journal of clinical Nutrition. Vol. 113, no. 4 April.

Feder, Katya, David Michaud, James McNamee, Leonora Marro and Elizabeth Fitzpatrick. 2017 "Prevalence of hazardous leisure noise exposure, hearing loss and hearing protection usage among a representative sample of Canadians, aged 6 to 79." Journal of Occupational Environmental Medicine. Vol. 59, no. 1. January. pp 92 to 113.

Michaud, David S., Leonora Marro, and James P. McNamee, 2021, "Self-reported occupational noise exposure and cardiovascular disease in Canada: Results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey", The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 150, 990, 10 August 2021.

Michaud, David S., Leonora Marro, and James P. McNamee, 2021, High frequency hearing impairment and cardiovascular disease in Canada: Results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 150, 1001 (2021). Published Online: 10 August 2021.

Mudryj, Adriana N., Natalie D. Riediger and Andrea E. Bombak, (2019), "The relationships between health-related behaviours in the Canadian adult population", BMC Public Health, Volume 19, 1359, pages 1-9, 24 October 2019.

Munasinghe, L.L, J.P. Ekwaru, M.F. Mastroeni, S.S.B.S. Mastroeni, P.J. Veugelers. 2019. "The association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations with elevated serum ferritin levels in normal weight, overweight and obese Canadians." PLOS ONE. March 7.

Nguyen, Kathy, Patrick Hamel, Morie Malowany, Anne Vezina, Lesa Aylward, Sean Hays Mike Walker and Anie St-Amand. 2018. "Fluoride Levels in Urine and Tap Water in Canada: Sata from the Canadian Health Measures Survey 2012-2015 and Interpretation in a Risk-Based Context." Environmental Health Perspectives. Vol. 2018, Issue 1.

Riediger, Natalie D., Andrea E. Bombak, and Adriana N. Mudryj, (2019), "Health-related behaviours and their relationship with self-rated health among Canadian adults" BMC Public Health 19, 960, 18 July 2019.

Rioux, Brittany; Gupta, Neeru; Bouchard, Danielle; Dunbar, James; and Senechal, Martin, (2020), "Outdoor Time is Not Associated with Metabolically Healthy Overweight and Obesity Phenotype in Canadian Children Aged 6-14 Years", International Journal of Exercise Science, Vol. 13, Iss. 2, Pages 383 – 394, February 2020.

Schuchardt, Jan Philipp, Marianna Cerrato, Martina Ceseri, Laura F. DeFina, Graciela E. Delgado, Sandra Gellert, Andreas Hahn et al, (2022), "Red blood cell fatty acid patterns from 7 countries: Focus on the Omega-3 index" Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids 179 (2022): 102418, April 2022.

Statler, Julie. 2018. "Exploring the influence of childcare enrollment on physical activity and sedentary time of a nationally representative sample of Canadian preschoolers." Health and Rehabilitation Sciences. London, ON: University of Western Ontario.

Willey, Jeff B, Tyler Pollock, Errol M. Thomson, Chun Lei Liang, Aubrey Maquiling, Mike Walker and Annie St-Amand. "Exposure Load: Using biomonitoring data to quantify multi-chemical exposure burden in a population." International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health Vol. 234, May 2021.

Yousef, Said, Douglas Manuel, Ian Colman, Manny Papadimitropoulos, Alomgir Hossain, MoezAlIslam Faris, and George A. Wells 2021. "Vitamin D Status among First-Generation Immigrants from Different Ethnic Groups and Origins: An Observational Study Using the Canadian Health Measures Survey", Nutrients, Vol 13, no. 8: 2702, 5 August 2021.

Yousef, Said, Ian Colman, Manny Papadimitropoulos, Douglas Manuel, Alomgir Hossain, MoezAlIslam Faris, and George A. Wells, (2022), "Vitamin D and Chronic Diseases among First-Generation Immigrants: A Large-Scale Study Using Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) Data.", Nutrients 14, no. 9, 1760, 22 April 2022.

Cycles 3 and 4 combined (2013 to 2015)

Data Table

Distribution of the household population by allergy indicator. Table: 13-10-0331-01 (formerly: CANSIM 117-0013). Release date: 2018-07-10, Statistics Canada.

Distribution of the household population by measured hearing loss – American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) guidelines, by sex and age group. Table: 13-10-0748-01 (formerly: CANSIM 117-1022). Release date: 2018-02-22, Statistics Canada.

Cycles 3, 4 and 5 combined (2012 to 2017)

Health Reports Articles

Servais, Jennifer, Pamela L. Ramage-Morin, Julia Gal and Craig M. Hales. 2021. "Prescription medication use among Canadian children and Youth, 2012 to 2017." Health Reports. Statistics Canada, Catalogue no. 82-003-X. Vol. 32,. no. 3 March 17, 2021.

Prince, Stephanie A., Karen C. Roberts, Jennifer L. Reed, Aviroop Biswas, Rachel C. Colley and Wendy Thompson. 2020. "Daily physical activity and sedentary behaviour across occupational classifications in Canadian adults.". Health Reports. Statistics Canada, Catalogue no. 82-003-X. Vol. 31,. no. 9. September.

Data Table

Volatile organic compound measures of the household population, by sex and age group. Table: 13-10-0803-01 (formerly: CANSIM 117-0024). Release date: 2019-11-13, Statistics Canada

External articles and publications

Chu, Anna, Deirdre A. Hennessy, Sharon Johnston, Jacob A. Udell, Douglas S. Lee, Jing Jia, Jack V. Tu, Dennis T. Ko, (2022), "Using big data for cardiovascular health surveillance: Insights from 10.3 million individuals in the CANHEART cohort", Canadian Journal of Cardiology, ISSN 0828-282X, 13 June 2022.

Cycles 3, 4 and 5 combined (2013 to 2017)

Data Table

Hormone measures of the household population, Table: 13-10-0334-01 (formerly CANSIM 117-0016) Release date: 2019-02-06, Statistics Canada

Cycles 3, 4, 5 and 6 combined (2013 to 2019)

Data Table

Hormone measures of the household population, Table: 13-10-0334-01, Release date: 2021-03-05, (formerly CANSIM 117-0016), Statistics Canada.

Cycles 5 and 6 combined (2016 to 2019)

The Daily Releases

Statistics Canada, "Aerobic fitness has decreased in boys and girls have become stronger, 2016 to 2019.", The Daily. Released 2020-10-14.

Statistics Canada, (2021) "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Lower body strength and bone structure, 2016 to 2019", The Daily, Released 27 October 2021.

Statistics Canada, "Measured blood pressure among Canadians, 2016 to 2019." The Daily. Released 2021-03-23.

Statistics Canada, "Prescription medication use among Canadian adults, 2016 to 2019." The Daily. Released 2021-06-28.

Health Fact Sheets

"Cholesterol levels of adults, 2016-2019" Health Fact Sheets. Released date: June 28, 2021. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

"Blood pressure of Adults, 2016-2019." Health Fact Sheets. Released date: March 23, 2021. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

"Blood pressure of children and adolescents, 2016-2019." Health Fact Sheets. Released date: March 23., 2021. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

Statistics Canada, (2021), "Lower body bone structure and muscle function in Canadian older adults and seniors, 2016-2019", Health Fact Sheets, Release date: October 27, 2021, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-625-X.

Data tables

Statistics Canada, (2021), "Bone health measures of the household population", Statistics Canada, Table: 13-10-0827-01, Release date: 2021-10-27.

Cycles 5 and 6 combined (2017 to 2019)

Daily Releases

Statistics Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey, 2018-2019, Released 2020-12-14.

Data table

Distribution of household population by vision status, Table: 13-10-0754-01, Release date: December 14, 2020, Statistics Canada

Cycles 1, 2, 3 and 4 combined (2007 to 2015)

Health Reports articles

Bushnik, Tracey, Deirdre Hennessy, Finlay A. McAlister, Alexander A. Leung and Douglas G. Manuel. 2019. "Risk Factors for Hypertension in Canada." Health Reports. Vol. 30, no. 2. February. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 11 p.

Bushnik, Tracey, Deirdre Hennessy, Finlay A. McAlister and Douglas G. Manuel. 2018. "Factors associated with hypertension control among older Canadians." Health Reports. Vol. 29, no. 6. June. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X. 8 p.

Colley, Rachel C., Isabelle Michaud and Didier Garriguet. 2018. "Reallocating time between sleep, sedentary and active behaviours: Associations with obesity and health in Canadian adults," Health Reports. Vol. 29, no. 4. August. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X.

Hoffman, Matt D., Justin J. Lang, Michelle D. Guerrero, Jameason D. Cameron, Gary S. Goldfield, Heather M. Orpana and Margaret De Groh. 2020. "Evaluating the psychometric properties of the parent-rated Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in a nationally representative sample of Canadian children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years." Health Reports. Vol. 31, no. 8. August. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X.

Michaud, Isabelle, Jean-Philippe Chaput and Suzy Wong. 2017. "Duration and quality of sleep among Canadians aged 18 to 79." Health Reports. Vol. 28, no. 9. September. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X.

External articles and publications

Chao, Yi-Sheng, (2022), "Trends in Diabetes Biomarkers and Treatment Statuses of Non-Institutionalized Canadians: Canadian Health Measures Survey 2007 to 2015", medRxiv, 2022.05.04.22274698, 07 May 2022.

Chao, Yi-Sheng, Chao-Jung Wu, Hsing-Chien Wu, Wei-Chih Chen, (2019), "Drug trends among non-institutionalized Canadians and the impact of data collection changes in the Canadian Health Measures Survey 2007 to 2015", PLOS ONE 14(4): e0214718, 12 April 2019.

Chao, Yi-Sheng, Chao-Jung Wu, Hsing-Chien Wu and Wei-Chih Chen. 2018. "Trend analysis for national surveys: Application to all variables from the Canadian Health Measures Survey cycle 1 to 4." PLOS ONE. Vol. 13, no. 8. August. pp. 1 to 15.

Malecki, Sarah L., Spencer Van Mil, Justin Graffi, Elemi Breetvelt, Maria Corral, Erik Boot, Eva W. C. Chow, Marcos Sanches, Amol A. Verma and Anne S. Bassett, (2020), "A genetic model for multimorbidity in young adults", Genetics in Medicine, Volume 22, Number 1, January 2020.

Peters, Susan, Calvin Ge, Jan Veldink, Leonard van den Berg and Roel Vermeulen. "0411 Exposure to diesel engine exhaust and the risk of als." Occupational Environmental Medecine – Vol. 74 Suppl 1.

Senthilselvan A., W V L Coonghe, J Beach, (2020), "Respiratory health, Occupation and the healthy worker effect", Occupational Medicine, Volume 70, Issue 3, Pages 191–199, April 2020.

St-Amand, Annie, Leonora Marro and Subramanian Karthikeyan. 2019. "Analysis of trends in the blood or urinary concentrations of BPA, Cd, Pb and Mercury in Canadians." Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicators. January.

Cycles 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 combined (2007 to 2017)

Health Reports articles

Clarke, Janine, Rachel Colley, Ian Janssen, and Mark S. Tremblay. 2019. "Accelerometer-measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity of Canadian adults, 2007 to 2017." Health Reports. Vol. 30, no. 8. August 21. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 82-003-X.

Langlois, K., Colley, R.C., Garriguet, D., Bushnik, T. & Mather, A. 2021, "Data profile: Expanding the research potential of the Canadian Health Measures Survey using paired respondent data", Health Reports, vol. 32, no. 7, pp. 3-10, Jul 2021.

External articles and publications

Biswas, Aviroop, Cynthia Chen, Stephanie A. Prince, Peter M. Smith and Cameron A. Mustard, (2022), "Workers' Activity Profiles Associated With Predicted 10‐Year Cardiovascular Disease Risk", Journal of the American Heart Association, e025148, 3 Jun 2022.

Chao, Yi-Sheng, Chao-Jung Wu, Hsing-Chien Wu, Hui-Ting Hsu, Lien-Cheng Tsao, Yen-Po Cheng, Yi-Chun Lai and Wei-Chih Chen. 2020. "Opportunities and Challenges From Leading Trends in a Biomonitoring Project: Canadian Health Measures Survey 2007-2017," Frontiers in Public Health September 9.

Eykolbosh, Angela, Kate Werry and Tom Kosatsky. 2018. "Leveraging the Canadian Health Measures Survey for environmental health research." Environment International. August.

Faure, Sarah, Nolwenn Noisel, Kate Werry, Subramanian Karthikeyan, Lesa L. Aylward, Annie St-Amand. 2020. "Evaluation of human biomonitoring data in a health risk based context: An updated analysis of population level data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey," International Journal of hygiene and Environmental Health Vol. 223, Issue 1, January p. 267-280.

Health Canada. 2020. "Report on Human Biomonitoring on Environmental Chemicals in Pooled Samples – Results of the Canadian Health Measures Survey Cycles 1 (2007-2008), 3 (2012-2013) 4 (2014-2015) and 5 (2016-2017)". December. 377 p.

Goodarzynejad, Hamidreza, Christopher Meaney, Paula Brauer, Michelle Greiver, Rahim Moineddin, and Alan A. Monavvari, (2022), "Recent trends in adult body mass index and prevalence of excess weight: Data from the Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network", Canadian Family Physician 68, no. 2 (2022): 128-138, 01 February 2022.

Leung, Alexander A., Jeanne VA Williams, Karen C. Tran, and Raj S. Padwal, (2022), "Epidemiology of resistant hypertension in Canada", Canadian Journal of Cardiology 38, no. 5 (2022): 681-687, 01 May 2022.

NCD Risk Factor Collaboration paper, 2021. "Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight." eLife. March 9.

Prince, Stephanie A., Karen C. Roberts, Alexandria Melvin, Gregory P. Butler and Wendy Thompson. 2020. "Gender and education differences in sedentary behaviour in Canada: an analysis of national cross-sectional surveys". BMC Public Health (20:1170) Springer Link July 27.

Pollock, Tyler, Subramanian Karthikeyan, Mike Walker, Kate Werry and Annie St-Amand. 2021. "Trends in environmental chemical concentrations in the Canadian population: Biomonitoring data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey 2007-2017." Elsevier. October Vol. 155.

Pullella, Katherine, Shelley A. Harris, John R. McLaughlin, Jan Lubinski, Steven A. Narod and Joanne Kotsopoulos, 2021, "Abstract 857: Evaluating the relationship between arsenic exposure and cancer risk in Canada", American Association for Cancer Research, Volume 81, Issue 13, July 2021.

Pullella, Katherine, Vicky C. Chang, Shelley A. Harris, Anthony J. Hanley, John R. McLaughlin, Jan Lubinski, Steven A. Narod, Joanne Kotsopoulos, (2022), "Abstract 5895: Examining the association between arsenic exposure and cancer risk among Canadian adults", Cancer Research, 82 (12_Supplement): 5895, 15 June 2022.

Salvador, Vincent D., and George L. Bakris., (2022), "Identifying resistant hypertension in the population: the devil is in the details", Canadian Journal of Cardiology 38, no. 5 (2022): 555-556, 13 January 2022.

TADDEI, Christina, Rod JACKSON, Bin ZHOU, Honor BIXBY, et al. 2019. "National trends in total cholesterol obscure heterogeneous changes in HDL and non-HDL cholesterol and total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio: a pooled analysis of 458 population-based studies in Asian and Western countries." International Journal of Epidemiology, July.

Cycles 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 combined (2007 to 2019)

The Daily Releases

Statistics Canada, (2021) "Canadian Health Measures Survey: Environmental laboratory data, 2018-2019", The Daily, Released: 14 December 2021.

Data table

Anthropometry measures of the household population, Table: 13-10-0319-01 (formerly CANSIM 117-0001), Statistics Canada

Overweight and obesity based on measured body mass index, by age group and sex, Table: 13-10-0373-01, Statistics Canada

External articles and publications

Haines, Douglas A., Gurusankar Saravanabhavan, Kate Werry and Cheryl Khoury. "An overview of human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals in the Canadian Health Measures Survey: 2007-2019." International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. Vol. 220, no. 2 Part A. March. p. 13-28

Health Canada. 2020. "Biomonitoring Content Summary for the Canadian Health Measures Survey: Cycle 1 – 6 (2007-2019)". December. 11 p.

The LANCET 2021, "Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants". The Lancet Journal, August 24.

Cycles 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 combined (2008 to 2019)

Data table

Hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment and control, combined cycles, by age group and sex, Canada (excluding territories), Table: 13-10-0384-01, Release: 2021-06-28, Statistics Canada

Cycles 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 combined (2007 to 2025)

Eykelbosh, Angela, 2019. "Fit to the task: using Canadian data for evidence-informed public health.". Environment Health Review. Vol. 62, no. 3. October.

Cycles 1, 3, 4 et 5 combined (2007 to 2009, 2012 to 2013, 2014 to 2015 and 2016 to 2017)

Health Canada. 2020. "Report on Human Biomonitoring of Environmental Chemicals in Pooled Samples - Cycles 1, 3, 4 et 5 combined (2007 to 2009, 2012 to 2013, 2014 to 2015 and 2016 to 2017)". December 377 p.

Deploying your machine learning project as a service

By: Andres Solis Montero, Statistics Canada

The first step in the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) of a machine learning project is to define the problem statement and objectives. Then, gather, analyze and process data. The process continues with multiple—sometimes non-ending—iterations of modelling, training, hyperparameters tuning, testing and evaluation. These steps are essential to building a successful model and consume most of the development time and focus. But what happens next? Software packing and deployment? Most of the time, the final goal is delivering a product to clients, making code available to other teams or users for collaboration, or simply sharing the work and results with the world.

Deployment should not simply be the last step in the development cycle. Incrementally including good software engineering practices and open-source tools can improve development skills as well as an organization's ability to deliver applications and services faster. This approach helps build a product from the ground up that is easily shareable and deployable without a significant impact on modelling and developing time.

A project template following the practices and tools mentioned here is available for public use. This template can be your initial step when developing future machine learning projects— feel free to fork the project and extend its functionalities. Another interesting feature of this project structure is the separation of business logic for deployment, allowing it to follow Government of Canada API guidelines for delivering secure web services through HTTPS without the need to transform your code. This article assumes Python as the programming language to use; however, the methodologies and solutions presented here could also be implemented using any programming language.

Version Control

The first relevant practice to use when deploying a machine learning project as a service is version control. The use of version control for analytics projects was covered in a previous article that also highlighted its importance and value. This article presents a project structure to use within your version control system: a simple yet scalable project structure for any machine learning project.

  • LICENSE [License details]
  • README.md [Quick Usage Documentation]
  • CONTRIBUTING.md
  • SECURITY.md
  • docs [Documentation]
    • Makefile
    • conf.py
    • index.rst
    • make.bat
    • markdown [Manual Documentation]
      • model.md
      • problem_statement.md
      • relevant.md
  • src [Source Code]
    • mlapi
      • Dockerfile [Containerization]
      • requirements.txt
      • notebook.ipynb [Prototyping Notebook]
      • ml [ML modules]
        • classifier.py
        • model.joblib
      • main.py [REST API]

This structure reflects the production-ready code in the main branch. Other branches will mirror the same folder structure but serve different development phases, such as developing different versions, testing, new features and experiments. The goal of the main branch is that it is always release-ready, meaning that you can deploy from it at any time. Additionally, you can have multiple branches off the main branch that address production or development issues.

Git workflows and usage is an extensive topic and out of the scope of this article. Visit the public documentation for more detailed git usage guidelines.

Documentation

The second practice to take note of is documentation. Documenting the code is an important step to ensure your machine learning project is understandable and ready for deployment. Writing documentation can be daunting if you are trying to pull it together at the end of a project. With a few reasonable practices and tools, the work can be more manageable.

A well-documented project should target multiple users, from developers and maintainers to users, clients and stakeholders. The main interest of developers and maintainers is to understand implementation details and exposed Application Programming Interfaces (API). Users, clients and stakeholders want to know how to use the solution, data sources, Extract, Transform, and Load (ETL) pipelines and to understand the experiments and results.

Good project documentation is built as the project progresses, from the beginning, not just when the project is finished. Open-source tools such as Sphinx can automatically generate documentation from Docstring comments. Documenting the code as you go through the development life cycle of your project is an exercise that should be encouraged and that your team should follow. Following Docstring standards format when writing code can help to build comprehensive documentation of the code. Docstrings are a great way to generate API documentation as you write code by showcasing your models, parameters, functions and modules. The following docstring example demonstrates the mlapi.main.train function.

async def train(gradient_boosting: bool = False) -> bool:
    """ 
    FastAPI POST route '/train' endpoint to train our model     

    Args:
         gradient_boosting: bool            
                A boolean flag to switch between a DTreeClassifier or GradientBoostClassifier

    Returns:
           bool:
  	A boolean value identifying if training was successful.  
    """
    data = clf.dataset()
    return clf.train(data['X'], data['y'], gradient_boosting)

Integrating Sphinx with triggers in the versioning system can parse our project structure at each commit, looking for existing docstrings and automatically generating our documentation. In our sample project, the .gitlab.yaml configuration file will integrate our commits to the main branch with Sphinx to automatically generate our code's API documentation, as shown below.

async mlapi.main.train(gradient_boosting: bool = False) → bool
FastAPI POST route '/train' endpoint to train our model
Parameters: gradient_boosting – bool
A boolean flag to switch between a DTreeClassifier or GradientBoostClassifier
Returns: A boolean value identifying if training was successful.
Return type: bool

On the other hand, users, clients and stakeholders can benefit from our high-level project descriptions such as modelling details, objectives, input data sources, ETL pipelines, experiments and results. We complement code documentation by manually creating files under the docs/markdown/ folder. Sphinx has support for both ReStructuredText (.rst) and Markdown (.md), making generation of HTML and PDF documentation simple. Our project leverages both .rst and .md file formats, stored under the docs/ folder and specified in the index.rst file.

Pushing code to our main branch will trigger automatic documentation generation by inspecting all code docstrings under the source folder. During the same process, Markdown listed in the index are linked in the final documentation website. It is also important to specify a top-level README.md file containing a quick usage guide with relevant links and a LICENSE file disclosing our usage terms for clients and users.

REST APIs

The third practice to keep in mind for deployment of ML projects is the use of REST APIs. The Government of Canada has put an emphasis on the use of APIs as a means of deployment API as a client-server web service following a Representational State Transfer (REST) architectural style.

FastAPI is a modern, high-performance, web framework for building REST APIs. This increasingly popular open-source tool leverages Python type hints to automatically convert Python objects to JSON representations and vice-versa.

Let us talk a bit about the model implementation in our project before converting its API into a web REST API. Without losing generality, we selected a simple supervised classification model. This article is not about model training, so we will keep it simple for explanation purposes.

In the linked project, we selected the Iris data set to train a classification model. The data set contains four features (i.e., sepal length and width, and petal length and width). These features are used to classify each observation among three classes: Setosa, Versicolour, and Virginica.

We train our model with two simple classifiers, DecisionTreeClassifier and GradientBoosterClassifier, and use them to make future predictions. Our IrisClassifier model description and implementation can be found under src/mlapi/ml/classifier.py and contains five method calls (i.e., train, download, load, save, and predict).

Now, let us see how we can share our model as a web service. First, we create a FastAPI app instance and classifier inside a FastAPI application. The entry point is in the src/mlapi/main.py file.

app = FastAPI(title="MLAPI Template", description="API for ml model", version="1.0")
"""FastAPI app instance"""

clf = IrisClassifier.load()
"""Classifier instance"""

The IrisClassifier.load() method will return an already pre-trained classifier.

Then, we start by specifying our public HTTP routes to connect our web service to the classifier API.

@app.post("/train")
async def train(gradient_boosting: bool = False):
    """ Docstring """
    data = clf.dataset()
    clf.train(data['X'], data['y'], gradient_boosting)
    return True

The POST HTTP route @app.post('/train') accepts a Boolean flag to toggle between our two previously mentioned classifiers options. For each route request to /train, our web service will re-train the classifier using the Iris data set and the gradient_boostring flag and update the classifier (i.e., clf) instance.

Next, we define the route that will take our prediction requests; it will be a post method to /predict.

@app.post("/predict",response_model=IrisPredictionResponse)
async def predict(iris: IrisPredictionInput) :
    """ Docstring """
    return clf.predict(iris.data)

This method takes an IrisPredictionInput so it can ensure that the request data format is correct and return the IrisPredictionResponse class with the probabilities for each category. An IrisPredictionInput contains a data member with a list of observation features of size four, as seen in our Iris data set. FastAPI inspects Python type hints to convert the JSON post payload to the valid python objects declared by us in the same main.py file.

class IrisPredictionInput(BaseModel):
    """ Docstring """
    data: List[conlist(float, min_items=4, max_items=4)]

class IrisPredictionResponse(BaseModel):
    """ Docstring """
    prediction: List[int]
    probability: List[Any]

Finally, let us run our web service

src/mlapi$ uvicorn main:app --reload --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8888

Open https://127.0.0.1:8888/docs in your web browser. Since we diligently followed best practices, FastAPI was able to automatically create a nice Swagger webapp for documenting and testing our API. While this demonstrates how easy it is to use these development practices, it is only a small sample application. Finally, your organization certificate and private key can be passed to uvicorn during deployment, providing a secure HTTPS layer of communication for your API. There is no need to change your code nor modify it to make it secure as uvicorn will integrate Transport Layer Security (TLS) just by telling it where to find the certificate. Our project structure allows separation of business logic between your code and easy TLS deployment.

src/mlapi$ uvicorn main:app --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8888 –ssl-keyfile=./key.pem --ssl-certificate=./cert.pem

If your organization has robust TLS infrastructure in place through alternate systems, these can wrapped around the container to make the process even easier. There are numerous ways to implement TLS

Containerization

The fourth practice to implement during the deployment of your machine learning project is containerization. Containerization is a form of operating system virtualization where applications run in isolated user spaces. A container is essentially a fully packaged computing environment that contains everything an application needs to run (e.g., code and all its dependencies). The container is abstracted from the host OS, allowing it to run the same code in any infrastructure without needing code refactoring (i.e., any OS, VM, or Cloud).

The advantage of coding our machine learning projects using a container is to control all our software dependencies and environment. Hence, we make sure that it can be shared and run as initially intended. What does this mean? We create a Docker image description file defining our dependencies and running process. This does not affect our model or implementations aside from the proposed folder structure; it reflects all of our code dependencies.

There are three basic requirements in our template for building the custom Docker image description (i.e., Dockerfile) used to run our model as a service. First, Docker images allow inheritance, meaning that we can build on images that use most of the same libraries and dependencies as our project. For example, we could select to extend our Dockerfile from an image using scikit-learn, pytorch, tensorflow, keras, or Caffe. Second, we will keep track of any python package dependencies that we use in our project inside of the file requirements.txt. Finally, we specify our container's command entry point pointing to execute our main app.

Dockerfile

FROM tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi:python3.7

WORKDIR /tmp
COPY requirements.txt requirements.txt
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt

COPY . /app
WORKDIR /app
CMD ["uvicorn", "main:app", "--reload", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "8888"]

The requirements.txt file contains a single python package name per line, specifying a necessary python dependency from our project.

requirements.txt

fastapi
uvicorn
pydantic
starlette
python-multipart
requests
scikit-learn
joblib

Now we can turn the definition file into a docker image and run the container pointing to our FastAPI service

src/mlapi$ docker build -t mlapi .
src/mlapi$ docker run -d -p 8888:8888 --name ml-mlapi mlapi

Modularization

The fifth and final practice highlighted in this article is modularization. Modularization is a technique used to divide a software system into multiple discrete and independent modules capable of carrying out tasks independently. These modules are considered basic constructs for the application.

If we want to develop code that is readable and maintainable, we must use some modular design. It is essential to separate our code into reusable unit building blocks. Splitting our code into different unit blocks allows us to execute the whole solution by putting them together. Although all of these are in a case-by-case scenario and project dependant; Machine Learning projects have very defining blocks such as data ETLs, pipelines, analysis, training, testing, results and report generation. Separating these logics in different code modules makes our python code readable and maintainable while keeping production costs low and speeding up our development cycle. Code that is not modular takes more time to move to production, and it is prone to errors and misconfigurations. It becomes a burden to review code multiple times before deployment.

Jupyter notebooks are one of the most common tools used when prototyping machine learning applications. They allow us to execute cells of code and document them in the same place. Unfortunately, they are not suitable for deploying a project; we need to translate their code into python modules. We could think of notebooks cells as building blocks of our prototype. Once tested, one or more code cells could be wrapped into a function or packed into a python module under /src/mlapi/ml folder. Then, we can import them from our notebooks and continue prototyping.

While prototyping our models, jupyter notebooks should be saved under the src/mlapi/ folder, next to the REST API main.py entry point. This ensures that our prototyping and production code maintain the same absolute module path imports. Also, the same way we package our code, project documentation could follow the same workflow. Jupyter markdown-cells containing meaningful information of the application should be moved to docs/markdown/<document>.md documents, extending our project documentation. Remember to add the reference to our Sphinx docs/index.rst file. These documentation pages can still be referenced from our prototyping notebook by linking to their final publishing location.

Another good modularization practice is limiting the amount of hard-coded variable values into our application, creating configuration files that reference these values, or making them arguments to a function. Use FastAPI BaseModel base class and Python data structures such as Enum, NamedTuple, and DataClasses objects, to specify arguments to our procedures and API calls. It is also good to make our model parameters and hyperparameters configurable and not hard-coded, allowing flexibility of setting different configurations every time we train or run our model.

In machine learning projects, training our model is highly dependent on our problem, input data, and format. Because of the multiple training iterations that our models go through, it is good to package the training code in an API that could be reusable. For example, instead of simply building code that processes our local copies of input files, we could translate the same principle to accept a single URL pointing to a compressed file containing all of the data set, following a particular structure. Other's data sets could follow the same structure and be incorporated into our training using the same code. Before creating our dataset packing structure, it is best to look for public datasets relevant to our problem and reuse their input format where possible. Standardizing our data sets is another positive way of creating modular machine learning code.

Always think of how we would like to use the solution before programming it. When building APIs or modules, think from the user's perspective and not the developer mindset. As data science continues to advance, resources continue to be produced on how to improve python code modularity and engineering skills.

Conclusion

Five software engineer practices that allow us to deploy machine learning projects

Description - Figure 1

Diagram depicting the five software engineer practices that allow us to deploy machine learning projects by serving our model as a restful web service.

Practice #1: Version control; The use of version control for analytics projects was covered in a previous article. This article presents a project structure to use within your version control system.

Practice #2: Documentation; Documenting the code is an important step to ensure your machine learning project is understandable and ready for deployment.

Practice #3: REST APIs; The Government of Canada has put an emphasis on the use of APIs as a means of deployment API as a client-server web service following a Representational State Transfer (REST) architecture style.

Practice #4: Containerization; Containerization is a form of operating system virtualization where applications run in isolated user spaces.

Practice #5: Modularization; Modularization is a technique used to divide a software system into multiple discrete and independent modules capable of carrying out tasks independently.

In this article we presented five software engineer practices that allow us to deploy machine learning projects by serving our model as a restful web service. We talk about the relevance of code versioning, documentation, REST API, containerization, and code modularization as fundamental steps to follow in your SDLC. Introducing good software development practices and the tools mentioned in this article will improve your project, code collaboration, and deployment. These are not the only good practices that we should focus on, but it is a good starting set to be aware of. For this article, we have created a basic project template following the practices mentioned here. Feel free to fork and reuse the template for your machine learning projects.

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Canadian Spring Wheat varieties - June 2021 to December 2021

Wheat, Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS)

The Canadian Grain Commission establishes the class Wheat, Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) and designates the varieties of wheat listed below to be in the CWRS class:

  • AAC Alida
  • AAC Bailey
  • AAC Brandon
  • AAC Broadacres
  • AAC Cameron
  • AAC Connery
  • AAC Elie
  • AAC Hockley
  • AAC Hodge
  • AAC Jatharia
  • AAC LeRoy
  • AAC Magnet
  • AAC Prevail
  • AAC Redberry
  • AAC Redstar
  • AAC Redwater Footnote 1
  • AAC Russell
  • AAC Starbuck
  • AAC Tisdale
  • AAC Viewfield
  • AAC W1876
  • AAC Warman
  • AAC Wheatland
  • AC Barrie
  • AC Cadillac
  • AC Domain Footnote 1
  • AC Elsa
  • AC Intrepid
  • AC Splendor
  • Bolles
  • Carberry
  • Cardale
  • CDC Abound
  • CDC Adamant
  • CDC Alsask
  • CDC Bounty
  • CDC Bradwell
  • CDC Go
  • CDC Hughes
  • CDC Imagine
  • CDC Kernen
  • CDC Landmark
  • CDC Ortona
  • CDC Pilar CLPlus
  • CDC Plentiful
  • CDC Silas Footnote 13
  • CDC Skrush
  • CDC Stanley
  • CDC Succession CLPlus
  • CDC Teal
  • CDC Thrive
  • CDC Titanium
  • CDC Utmost
  • CDC VR Morris
  • Coleman
  • Daybreak
  • Ellerslie
  • Fieldstar
  • Glenn
  • Go Early
  • Goodeve
  • Helios
  • Infinity
  • Jake
  • Journey
  • Laura
  • Lovitt
  • Muchmore Footnote 1
  • Parata
  • Peace
  • Prodigy
  • Rednet
  • Roblin
  • Shaw
  • Sheba
  • Somerset
  • Stettler
  • Superb
  • SY Brawn Footnote 2
  • SY Cast Footnote 2
  • SY Chert
  • SY Crossite Footnote 2
  • SY Gabbro
  • SY Obsidian
  • SY Slate
  • SY Sovite
  • SY Torach
  • SY 433
  • SY479 VB
  • SY637
  • Thorsby
  • Tracker
  • Vesper Footnote 1
  • Waskada
  • WR859 CL
  • Zealand
  • 5500HR
  • 5600HR
  • 5601HR
  • 5602HR
  • 5604HR CL
  • 5605HR CL Footnote 1

This order comes into effect on the later of the crop year commencing August 1, 2020 or the signing date, and is in effect until July 31, 2021, unless revoked earlier. The list was amended on June 18, 2021.

Wheat, Canada Northern Hard Red (CNHR)

The varieties of wheat listed below are designated to be in the CNHR class:

  • AAC Concord
  • AAC Tradition
  • AC Abbey
  • AC Cora
  • AC Crystal
  • AC Eatonia
  • AC Foremost
  • AC Majestic
  • AC Michael
  • AC Minto
  • AC Taber
  • Alikat
  • Alvena
  • CDC Cordon CLPlus
  • CDC Makwa
  • CDC Osler
  • Columbus
  • Conquer
  • Conway
  • Elgin ND
  • Faller
  • Harvest
  • Kane
  • Katepwa
  • Leader
  • Lillian
  • McKenzie
  • Neepawa
  • Oslo
  • Park
  • Pasqua
  • Pembina
  • Prosper
  • Shelly Footnote 3
  • Thatcher
  • Unity
  • 5603HR

This order comes into effect on the later of the crop year commencing August 1, 2020 or the signing date, and is in effect until July 31, 2021, unless revoked earlier.

Wheat, Canada Prairie Spring Red (CPSR)

The Canadian Grain Commission establishes the class Wheat, Canada Prairie Spring Red (CPSR) and designates the varieties of wheat listed below to be in the CPSR class:

  • AAC Castle
  • AAC Crossfield
  • AAC Crusader
  • AAC Entice
  • AAC Foray
  • AAC Goodwin
  • AAC Penhold
  • AAC Perform Footnote 11
  • AAC Ryley
  • AAC Tenacious
  • Accelerate
  • CDC Reign
  • CDC Terrain
  • Cutler
  • Enchant
  • Forefront
  • SY Rorke Footnote 4
  • SY Rowyn
  • SY985
  • SY995
  • 5700PR
  • 5701PR
  • 5702PR

This order comes into effect on the later of the crop year commencing August 1, 2020 or the signing date, and is in effect until July 31, 2021, unless revoked earlier. The list was amended on May 27, 2021.

Wheat, Canada Prairie Spring White (CPSW)

The varieties of wheat listed below are designated to be in the CPSW class:

  • AC Karma
  • AC Vista

This order comes into effect on the later of the crop year commencing August 1, 2020 or the signing date, and is in effect until July 31, 2021, unless revoked earlier.

Wheat, Canada Western Extra Strong (CWES)

The varieties of wheat listed below are designated to be in the CWES class:

  • AC Corinne
  • Amazon
  • Bluesky
  • Burnside
  • CDC Rama
  • CDC Walrus
  • CDN Bison
  • Glenavon
  • Glencross
  • Glenlea
  • Laser
  • Wildcat

This order comes into effect on the later of the crop year commencing August 1, 2020 or the signing date, and is in effect until July 31, 2021, unless revoked earlier.

Wheat, Canada Western Hard White Spring (CWHWS)

The varieties of wheat listed below are designated to be in the CWHWS class:

  • AAC Cirrus
  • AAC Iceberg
  • AAC Tomkins
  • AAC Whitefox
  • AAC Whitehead Footnote 12
  • CDC Whitewood
  • Kanata
  • Snowbird
  • Snowstar
  • Whitehawk

This order comes into effect on the later of the crop year commencing August 1, 2020 or the signing date, and is in effect until July 31, 2021, unless revoked earlier. The list was amended on February 17, 2021.

Wheat, Canada Western Soft White Spring (CWSWS)

The varieties of wheat listed below are designated to be in the CWSWS class:

  • AAC Chiffon
  • AAC Indus
  • AAC Paramount
  • AC Andrew
  • AC Meena
  • AC Nanda
  • AC Phil
  • AC Reed
  • Bhishaj
  • Sadash

This order comes into effect on the later of the crop year commencing August 1, 2020 or the signing date, and is in effect until July 31, 2021, unless revoked earlier.

Wheat, Canada Eastern Red Spring (CERS)

The Canadian Grain Commission establishes the class Wheat, Canada Eastern Red Spring (CERS) and designates the varieties of wheat listed below to be in the CERS class:

This order comes into effect on the later of the crop year commencing August 1, 2020 or the signing date, and is in effect until July 31, 2021, unless revoked earlier. The list was amended on May 27, 2021.

Follow-up to Statistics Canada's 2021 Website Evaluation

Consultation Objectives

For the follow-up to Statistics Canada's 2021 Website Evaluation survey, Statistics Canada will conduct a return evaluation of its website. During July, August and September 2021 we will gather additional feedback from visitors on:

  • success in finding information and completing tasks
  • areas of improvement for the website.

The feedback will be used to help Statistics Canada improve its website.

How to get involved

Individuals who wish to obtain more information or want to take part in the consultation may contact us by email at statcan.websitesatisfaction-satisfactiondusiteweb.statcan@statcan.gc.ca.

Please note that Statistics Canada selects participants for each consultation to ensure that feedback is sought from a representative sample of the target population for the study. Not all applicants will be asked to participate in a given consultation.

Statistics Canada is committed to respecting the privacy of consultation participants. All personal information created, held or collected by the agency is protected by the Privacy Act. For more information on Statistics Canada's privacy policies, please consult the privacy notice.

Results

Results of the follow-up visitor satisfaction evaluation will be published online when available.

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Retail Trade Survey (Monthly): CVs for Total sales by geography - May 2021

CVs for Total sales by geography - April 2021
This table displays the results of Annual Retail Trade Survey: CVs for Total sales by geography - May 2021. The information is grouped by Geography (appearing as row headers), Month and Percent (appearing as column headers).
Geography Month
202105
%
Canada 0.8
Newfoundland and Labrador 1.5
Prince Edward Island 1.1
Nova Scotia 1.8
New Brunswick 1.8
Quebec 1.6
Ontario 1.8
Manitoba 1.3
Saskatchewan 2.6
Alberta 2.1
British Columbia 1.3
Yukon Territory 1.3
Northwest Territories 0.7
Nunavut 0.7

Data accuracy measures by type of shipment, Canada: 2018

Data accuracy measures by type of shipment, Canada
  2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008
All shipments a a a a a a a a a a a
Domestic shipments a b a a a a a a a a a
Transborder shipments b b b a b a a b a b b
Local shipments b b b b b b a b b b b
Long distance shipments a b a a a a a a a a a

The data accuracy measures are for the "weight" variable.

"a" is excellent; CV from 0.01% to 4.99%
"b" is very good; CV from 5.00% to 9.99%
"c" is good; CV from 10.00% to 14.99%
"d" is acceptable; CV from 15.00% to 24.99%
"e" is use with caution; CV from 25.00% to 49.99%
"f" is unreliable; CV is 50.00% or higher

Response Rate
  2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008
Unweighted response rate 94% 92% 92% 93% 92% 92% 92% 95% 93% 93% 93%

Wholesale Trade Survey (monthly): CVs for total sales by geography - May 2021

Wholesale Trade Survey (monthly): CVs for total sales by geography - May 2021
Geography Month
202005 202006 202007 202008 202009 202010 202011 202012 202101 202102 202103 202104 202105
percentage
Canada 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.9
Newfoundland and Labrador 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.2 1.2 2.4
Prince Edward Island 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nova Scotia 5.5 2.5 2.1 1.9 1.7 2.7 3.4 6.3 1.8 1.7 2.6 4.8 8.1
New Brunswick 3.2 2.7 2.0 3.6 3.5 2.9 5.0 3.5 3.4 2.6 1.1 1.1 2.1
Quebec 1.9 2.0 1.7 2.3 1.9 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.8 3.1
Ontario 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.9 1.3 1.2 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.2
Manitoba 2.6 1.1 1.2 1.8 2.8 1.7 1.4 2.5 1.7 2.4 1.8 2.8 4.0
Saskatchewan 0.6 0.7 1.2 1.4 0.7 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.6 1.2 0.8 0.6
Alberta 2.9 2.5 2.3 1.9 3.4 1.3 1.3 1.7 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.4
British Columbia 1.8 1.6 1.3 1.9 1.8 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.3
Yukon Territory 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northwest Territories 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nunavut 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
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