• Introduction and document purpose
• Context: What is the Business Register?
• Data Integration Infrastructure Division business data products
  • 1. Canadian business counts (formerly Canadian business patterns)
  • 2. Custom aggregate data tables
    • Employment size ranges
    • Revenue ranges
    • Profit and non-profit data (December only)
    • Business type and public and private data (December only)
  • 3. Business Register microdata
• Other relevant information about the Business Register
  • Data variations caused by methodological changes, by year
• Data quality and limitations
  • Time series
  • Creations
  • Inactivation
  • North American Industry Classification System
• Key definitions found in Business Register Data
  • Statistical entities
    • Statistical enterprise
    • Statistical establishment
    • Statistical location
  • Employment
  • Employment size ranges
• Geography
  • Structure of the Standard Geographical Classification
    • (1) Province and territory
    • (2) Census division
    • (3) Census subdivision
  • Statistical Area Classification
  • Census metropolitan area and census agglomeration
  • Other geographies
  • Economic region
  • Census tract
  • Federal electoral district
  • Dissemination area
  • Forward sortation area
• “000” residue
• Industry codes: North American Industry Classification System
  • Revenue
• Contact us

Introduction and document purpose

This document is intended as a guide for external clients who use or seek to use information provided by the Data Integration Infrastructure Division (DIID) from Statistics Canada’s Business Register (BR).

These products include counts of active businesses by industry, geography and employment range, which can be obtained through statcan.gc.ca or through custom tabulations from the DIID on request.

Other products provided by DIID are the listings of businesses provided to provincial or territorial and federal departments under disclosure orders by the chief statistician authorized under the Statistics Act.

Please note that other Statistics Canada divisions also produce business demographic statistics.Notably, these include information from the Economic Analysis Division and the Centre for Special Business Projects.

DIID experts are available to provide further information on these products as well,or to refer to contacts in these divisions. However, they are not covered in this document.

Context: What is the Business Register?

The BR is Statistics Canada’s internal repository that keeps the baseline information about Canada’s businesses and institutions that is required for the agency’s statistical work.

The BR conceptualizes and maintains information for businesses and their individual operating entities as statistical units of observation. It also provides related statistical attributes, including the industrial activity classification; geographic location; and key measures of business size, such as the number of employees and annual revenues.

The BR is key to the compilation of coordinated, consistent and reliable information from Statistics Canada’s many economic data programs. It is the source of sampling frames for virtually all of the agency’s business and institutional surveys. Also, the BR provides the reference data and linkage keys needed to integrate and enable the use of business data from survey, administrative and other data sources across the Statistics Canada data ecosystem.

The BR can be used to produce business demography statistics, such as counts of active businesses, openings and closures, and other business dynamics.

Data sources and confidentiality

The BR is compiled and maintained primarily from administrative sources, through data Statistics Canada receives from the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA). Through its own processes, including statistical enterprise profiling, survey data collection and data analysis, Statistics Canada builds on the CRA-provided data to provision a fully representative and up-to-date statistical frame of business entities and their operating locations.

All BR data, whether sourced from tax information or Statistics Canada’s own processes, are obtained and maintained by Statistics Canada under the authority of the Statistics Act. Under the act,information related to individual businesses or information that can identify a specific business is strictly confidential and cannot be divulged, other than to a person employed or deemed to be employed by Statistics Canada. Under certain circumstances, specific variables are provided to federal and provincial government partners, as per the conditions outlined in the Statistics Act.

Data Integration Infrastructure Division business data products

Three categories of data products related to businesses are provided by DIID. In most cases, the coverage is restricted to businesses or government institutions meeting any of the following criteria:

• have an employee workforce for which they submit payroll remittances to the CRA.
• are incorporated under a federal or provincial act and have filed a federal corporate income tax form within the past three years.
• have at least $30,000 in annual revenues.

1. Canadian business counts (formerly Canadian business patterns)

The Canadian business counts (CBCs) are produced biannually every June and December and are released in August and February. This product can be used to compare the number of businesses across North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) categories, employment size ranges, provinces and territories, and census metropolitan areas (CMAs) and the census subdivisions (CSDs) within them, as well as all CSDs in Canada with 10 or more active businesses with employees. The following data tables are available to the public on the Statistics Canada website:

• business location counts with employees for Canada, by province, NAICS category and employment size range.
• business location counts without employees for Canada, by province and NAICS category.
• business location counts with employees by CMA, CSD, NAICS category and employment size range.

Website link: The Daily - In the news: Statistics Canada’s official release bulletin.

You can find all iterations of the CBC data product from the link above or through your web browser and search engine of choice using the following terms: “Canadian Business Counts” or “Canadian Business Patterns” (for historic counts).

2. Custom aggregate data tables

For all custom aggregate data table questions or orders, please email statcan.statisticalregisters-registresstatistiques.statcan@statcan.gc.ca.

Employment size ranges

• Units: Location, establishment or enterprise counts
• Geography: All geography
• Industry: All levels of NAICS
• Employment size ranges: Standard 9 ranges or custom 13 or 21 ranges
• Confidentiality measures: None

Revenue ranges

• Units: Location, establishment or enterprise counts
• Geography: Province and census agglomeration (CA) or CMA
• Industry: NAICS-2 and NAICS-3
• Confidentiality measures: Rounding to the nearest five counts

Profit and non-profit data (December only)

• Units: Establishment counts
• Geography: Province
• Industry: NAICS-2
• Confidentiality measures: Suppression

Business type and public and private data (December only)

• Units: Enterprise counts
• Geography: Province and CMA (14)
• Industry: NAICS-2
• Confidentiality measures: Suppression

3. Business Register microdata

BR microdata files are provided to specific federal, provincial and territorial government departments or agencies under specific orders authorized by the Statistics Act. Under the terms of these orders, the use of this information is restricted to statistical or research purposes, and recipients must agree to strict protection of confidential information. Further information is available upon request.

For BR microdata questions or orders, please email statcan.statisticalregisters-registresstatistiques.statcan@statcan.gc.ca.

Other relevant information about the Business Register

Data variations caused by methodological changes, by year

Data are affected by not only business data, but also multiple conceptual and methodological factors, such as ingestion of new data sources; changes to activation, inactivation and reactivation rules; batch fixes and updates for NAICS; new NAICS classification vintages; and new geography vintages.  NAICS and geography are continuously updated, with major revisions every 5 years. These changes will take between 6-18 months to be reflected in our counts. Most recently in June 2022 counts, 2021 Census geographies replaced the 2016 geographies. NAICS 2022 replaced NAICS 2017 for the December 2022 counts.

Below is a list of major methodological changes in reverse chronological order. Please note that many smaller methodological changes occur on a regular basis.  Starting with the June 2022 counts, 2021 Census geographies replaced the 2016 geographies. NAICS 2017 was implemented with the December 2017 counts and has been replaced by NAICS 2022 for the December 2022 counts.

• With the December 2021 counts, refinements to the geographic coding of business locations were made, which may change the geographic classification of some businesses at low levels of geography. Generally, the reclassification is to nearby zones, resulting in only minor impacts on counts for CSDs. There are no impacts on the overall counts for CMAs and CSDs and, by extension, for provinces and territories.
• The December 2019 counts reflect a downward correction to the number of businesses, especially those without employees, because of new criteria for identifying businesses that had become inactive. Approximately 140,000 units are affected by this correction.
• Starting in December 2014, businesses without employees now cover all enterprises that meet one of the following criteria: is incorporated or shows at least $30,000 in revenue (non-taxable or taxable). This change affects businesses that didn’t have $30,000 in taxable revenue in previous years but did have at least $30,000 combined in non-taxable and taxable revenue. These businesses will now be included and represent approximately 600,000 units. Business counts in NAICS sectors 53 (real estate and rental and leasing) and 62 (health care and social assistance) have the largest increases.
• In December 2014, a revision of the employer status on all units of the BR resulted in approximately 70,000 businesses with employees shifting to the businesses without employees category. This change is mostly noticeable in the smaller employment size ranges. Business counts in NAICS sectors 72 (accommodation and food services), 62 (health care and social assistance), 31–33 (manufacturing) and 44–45 (retail trade) see the largest decreases.
• There are two industrial classification categories introduced in 2014: unclassified, which is a new category for businesses that haven’t received a NAICS code, and classified, a category for businesses that have received a NAICS code. The impact of adding the unclassified category is an additional 78,718 locations with employees and 313,107 locations without employees. These counts can be easily identified, because they’re in a separate category.
• A small portion of the increase in businesses in December 2013 is attributable to new rules regarding the acceptance of auto-coded NAICS codes, which resulted in these businesses being included in the data. The impact wasn’t as widespread as the initial NAICS auto-code increase in June 2013—it mostly affected non-employers across most sectors.
• A large increase in the June 2013 reference period is attributable to incorporated businesses that are now required to auto-code a NAICS code to record their tax form information with the CRA. The increase represents an accumulation of about two years of auto-coding. This change affects almost every sector and accounts for most of the growth in the data from December 2012 to June 2013.
• For the first time, the December 2010 reference period includes all unincorporated (T1) businesses with sales of at least $30,000. This integration of T1 businesses is intended to create a more comprehensive representation of the business population on our register. Specifically, this change has mainly affected the following NAICS sectors: 53 (real estate and rental and leasing), 44–45 (retail trade) and 62 (health care and social assistance). The introduction of these units hasn’t had a significant impact on total business counts and represents 1.6% of all locations in December 2010.
• The December 2008 and June 2009 reference periods show a decrease in the number of businesses. This can be attributed to the introduction of new inactivation rules that expand the ability to identify units that aren’t reporting any economic activity.
• The December 2008 reference period introduced the use of “statistical location” counts, besides the usual establishment counts. The use of location counts provides a better measurement of business units. Definitions of the statistical establishment and location are provided later in this document under the “Statistical establishment” and “Statistical location” sections.
• The December 2007 reference period is based on the redesigned BR. The statistical structure (including establishments) has been simplified to better reflect the operating structure of the business. The decrease in the number of establishments is the result of our continuous efforts to detect inactive businesses as early as possible.
• The June 2006 reference period shows an increase in the number of businesses because of a methodological change. There is a new way of identifying newcomers on the BR. The following NAICS sectors have been affected: 48–49 (transportation and warehousing), 53 (real estate and rental and leasing) and 54 (professional, scientific and technical services).
• In December 2000 and June 2005, the number of smaller businesses declined. The BR has analyzed new administrative sources to detect business closures more rapidly and accurately. This has resulted in the use of new signals that are now part of the processes to update the BR.

Data quality and limitations

The BR is largely based on the Business Number (BN) registration source as collected by the CRA.

Time series

Changes to the BR’s methodology or to business industrial classification strategies can cause increases or decreases in the number of active businesses. As a result, the data do not represent changes in the business population over time. Statistics Canada recommends that users not use the data as a time series.

To view recent methodological changes, please refer to the Data variations caused by methodological changes, by year section above.

Creations

Generally, the creation of an entity on the BR occurs shortly after the business registers with CRA. The BN registrations are used to update the BR database weekly. Businesses with multiple locations may also be contacted or profiled to obtain the necessary information for the creation of location entities.

Inactivation

Businesses are assigned an inactive status on the BR when neither a tax payment nor payroll remittance has been made by these businesses for some time or following the closure of CRA tax accounts.

North American Industry Classification System

For newly created businesses, the primary industrial coding is initially processed using automated coding software. This software evaluates the activity description indicated by the business and assigns the appropriate industry classification coding to about 50% of new business records. Activity descriptions lacking precision are subjected to a manual coding process.

Key definitions found in Business Register Data

Statistical entities

Statistical enterprise

An enterprise is the legal operating entity at the top of the operating structure. There is only one enterprise per operating structure. It’s associated with a complete set of financial statements.

Statistical establishment

A statistical establishment is the production entity or the smallest grouping of production entities that

1. produces a homogeneous set of goods or services.
2. doesn’t cross provincial boundaries.
3. provides data on the value of output, together with the cost of principal intermediate inputs used, along with the cost and quantity of labour resources used to produce the output.

Statistical location

The location is an operating entity, specifically a production entity that

1. conducts economic activity at, or from, a single physical location or group of locations.
2. resides within the smallest standardized geographical area.
3. provides employment data at a minimum.

Employment

Source

Employment is based on both corporations’ payroll remittance and profiling and survey data. These data are edited and imputed before being used as input for other processes.

For simple units, attached to only one legal entity, the employment is derived from payroll deductions using the second maximum input within the last 12 months of data. For the complex units, aggregated employment, obtained from profiling, is first determined at the enterprise level. This value is then distributed at the establishment and location levels based on the profiled employment distribution from the BR.

Employment size ranges

The following are the standard employment size ranges (nine) available in the BR:

• 0 (without employees)
• 1 to 4
• 5 to 9
• 10 to 19
• 20 to 49
• 50 to 99
• 100 to 199
• 200 to 499
• 500 and over.

Employment size ranges of 13 and 21 are also available upon request.

Employment size range 13:

• 0 (without employees)
• 1 to 4
• 5 to 9
• 10 to 19
• 20 to 49
• 50 to 99
• 100 to 199
• 200 to 499
• 500 to 999
• 1,000 to 1,499
• 1,500 to 2,499
• 2,500 to 4,999
• 5,000 and over.

Employment size range 21:

• 0 (without employees)
• 1 to 4
• 5 to 9
• 10 to 19
• 20 to 29
• 30 to 49
• 50 to 99
• 100 to 149
• 150 to 199
• 200 to 249
• 250 to 299
• 300 to 399
• 400 to 499
• 500 to 999
• 1,000 to 1,499
• 1,500 to 1,999
• 2,000 to 2,499
• 2,500 to 2,999
• 3,000 to 3,999
• 4,000 to 4,999
• 5,000 and over.

Locations without employees include the self-employed (i.e., those who don’t maintain an employee payroll but may have a workforce that consists of contracted workers, family members or business owners). They also include employers who didn’t report employees in the last 12 months.

Note:

BR employment data should be used with caution. The methodology on the BR used to derive the number of employees for a given business is to select the second-highest monthly value from the last 12 months to reduce volatility for survey sampling. As well, the file contains employment size ranges, which can affect the ability to compile totals. For these reasons, employment data should be used with caveats when attempting to calculate an employment total for any given NAICS category or geography. It is more straightforward to use the data to compile aggregate counts of businesses by NAICS category, geography and employment size class.

Geography

The Standard Geographical Classification (SGC) is Statistics Canada’s official classification for the geographical areas in Canada. It was developed to facilitate the analysis of statistical data using a uniform geographical area definition. It produces a range of geographical areas that are useful for analysis, data collection and compilation on this basis. It is intended primarily for the classification of statistical units such as locations.

A business is geolocated using its available address information. This geolocation process will aim to code the business at the most precise level possible. When insufficient address information exists, the postal code is used as a last resort. Since the postal code is designed by Canada Post to target the efficient delivery of the mail, there are situations where one postal code may not align exactly to the boundaries of a single SGC geographic unit. In such cases, a default SGC is selected for the business. The smaller and rural geographic units are more likely to be subject to this possibility.

For more detailed information, please visit Geographic classifications.

Structure of the Standard Geographical Classification

Each of the three sets of areas covers all of Canada. They are hierarchical: a CSD aggregates to a census division (CD), which in turn aggregates to a province or territory.

(1) Province and territory

The terms “province” and “territory” refer to the major political units of Canada. From a statistical point of view, province and territory are basic areas for which data are tabulated. Canada is divided into 10 provinces and 3 territories.

(2) Census division

“Census division” (CD) is the general term for provincially legislated areas, such as counties and regional districts, or their equivalents. CDs are intermediate geographic areas between the province or territory level and the municipality (CSD).

Usually, they are groups of neighbouring municipalities joined together for the purposes of regional planning and managing common services (such as police or ambulance services). These groupings are established under laws in certain provinces of Canada.

(3) Census subdivision

“Census subdivision” (CSD) is the general term for municipalities (as determined by provincial or territorial legislation) or areas treated as municipal equivalents for statistical purposes (e.g., Indian reserves, Indian settlements and unorganized territories).

Please take note, when using the CSD, of the volatility of the counts between the different reference periods. Units move from one CSD to another, not because of actual changes in physical location, but because of changes in linkages between a specific CSD and a postal code.

Statistical Area Classification

The Statistical Area Classification (SAC) groups CSDs according to whether they are a component of a CMA, CA, or CMA and CA influenced zone (MIZ). The MIZ categorizes all CSDs in provinces and territories that are outside CMAs and CAs. CSDs within provinces that are outside CMAs and CAs are assigned to one of four categories according to the degree of influence (strong, moderate, weak or no influence) that the CMAs or CAs have on them. CSDs within territories that are outside CAs are assigned to a separate category.

The SAC is a variant of the SGC. CSDs form the lowest level of the classification variant. The next level consists of CMAs, CAs and MIZs, including the territories. The highest level consists of two categories that cover all Canada’s land mass:

• inside CMAs and CAs
• outside CMAs and CAs.

The SAC provides unique numeric identification (codes) for these hierarchically related geographic areas. It was established for the purpose of reporting statistics.

Census metropolitan area and census agglomeration

A CMA or CA is formed by one or more adjacent municipalities centred on a population centre (known as the core). A CMA must have a total population of at least 100,000, of which 50,000 or more must live in the core. A CA must have a core population of at least 10,000. To be included in a CMA or CA, other adjacent municipalities must have a high degree of integration with the core as measured by commuting flows derived from previous census place of work data.

If the population of the core of a CA declines below 10,000, the CA is retired. However, once an area becomes a CMA, it is retained as a CMA even if its total population declines below 100,000 or the population of its core falls below 50,000. All areas inside the CMA or CA that aren’t population centres are deemed rural areas.

Other geographies

Economic region

An economic region is a grouping of complete CDs, with one exception in Ontario, created as a standard geographic unit for analysis of regional economic activity.

Census tract

A census tract is an area that is small and relatively stable. Census tracts usually have a population of 2,500 to 8,000. They are in large urban centres that must have an urban core population of 50,000 or more.

Federal electoral district

A federal electoral district is an area represented by a Member of Parliament elected to the House of Commons.

Dissemination area

A dissemination area is a small area composed of one or more neighbouring blocks, with a population of 400 to 700 people. All of Canada is divided into dissemination areas.

Forward sortation area

A forward sortation area is an area composed of the first three digits of the postal code, which is a six-character code defined and maintained by Canada Post for the purpose of sorting and delivering mail.

“000” residue

Please note that codes have been created for residues. They consist of the province or territory code followed by zeroes. This residual category reflects statistical units in Canada where there is insufficient information to precisely locate the locations within a CD or CSD as determined by the SGC.

Industry codes: North American Industry Classification System

NAICS is an industry classification system developed by the statistical agencies of Canada, Mexico and the United States. It’s designed to provide common definitions of the industrial structure of the three countries and a common statistical framework to facilitate the analysis of the three economies. NAICS is based on supply or production-oriented principles to ensure that industrial data, classified to NAICS, are suitable for the analysis of production-related issues such as industrial performance.

For more detailed information, please visit North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Canada.

NAICS is a system encompassing all economic activities. It has a hierarchical structure.

NAICS is a system encompassing all economic activities. It has a hierarchical structure.

North American Industry Classification System
Sectors	two digits
Sub-sectors	three digits
Industry groups	four digits
Industries	five digits
National industries	six digits

Revenue

These revenues are derived mostly from administrative files from the CRA. They are based on both corporations’ income tax revenues and goods and services tax (GST) sales remittances. These data are at first edited and imputed before being used as input for other processes. For simple units, attached to only one legal entity, the revenue is derived from a regression model using the GST sales as the independent variable, the income tax revenue being the dependent variable. For the complex units, aggregated revenue is first determined at the enterprise level. This value is then distributed at the establishment and location levels based on the profiled revenue distribution from the BR.

Contact us

Dissemination Unit
Data Integration Infrastructure Division
Statistics Canada
Tunney’s Pasture
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0T6

statcan.statisticalregisters-registresstatistiques.statcan@statcan.gc.ca

By: Uchenna Mgbaja, Md Mahbub Mishu, Maryam Zamani, Sumithra Balamurugan, and Aya Heba; NorQuest College

As per the 2021 census, there were 5-million rental households in Canada, which means roughly one-third of Canadian households are renters. However, much of this rental activity occurs privately, leading to limited and inconsistent data. To bridge this knowledge gap, we acquired processed, analyzed, and visualized rental listings from the stakeholder – Community Data Program, for Ontario. This dataset offers new insights into spatial trends in metropolitan and small community housing markets, which surpasses other available sources in detail and granularity. Notably, cities like Toronto, Brampton, and Mississauga exhibit high rental prices per square foot, reflecting the region's economic dynamics. We also analyzed areas in Ontario where the population is less than 10,000.

This study aims to address three main objectives:

• interpret trends in datasets and their implications for the housing market,
• apply ML models to the datasets so that the model can forecast future trends, and
• deployment of the best model.

Methodology

We acquired a robust dataset from our client which comprised of 18 columns detailing the regions, bedrooms, addresses, and other pertinent information.

To extract valuable insights, we employed coding techniques and visual representations such as charts and graphs. This helps us to successfully unearth key patterns in housing dynamics, particularly identifying regions with noteworthy differences in housing expenses and density of listings.

Exploratory data analysis

For the exploratory data analysis (EDA), we selected small communities based on their population count. This approach helped us narrow our focus and gain a better understanding of the housing dynamics in these specific regions. However, the "Price" column of our dataset contained inconsistencies such as dollar signs and commas, making it difficult to analyze. To clean this, we removed special characters and converted the column to a numerical format. This enabled us to perform numerical operations and visualize the data, effectively.

Next, we identified that some records in the "Bedrooms" and "Bathroom" columns contained complex entries like "2+ Den," where the regex function only captured the numbers, ignoring the additional "Den." This led to inaccuracies in the representation of bedroom and bathroom counts. To address this issue, we created a temporary column to identify "+ Den" entries, converted 'Bedrooms' and 'Bathrooms' to numeric values, and adjusted the counts to account for the "Den" part. Afterward, we dropped the temporary column, ensuring accurate bedroom counts for each property listing.

The "Size" column contained non-numeric values such as "Not Available" which caused errors when attempting to convert the column to a float data type. To address this issue, we replaced non-numeric values like "Not Available" with NaN (Not a Number) using pandas' replace() function.

Entries in the "Size" column that were below 200 or above 9000 square feet were considered outliers and did not make sense in the context of property sizes. These outliers could skew analysis and visualization results if not addressed appropriately.

Geographical map of rental listings in Ontario

In this section, we used Google's Looker Studio to generate graphs, charts, maps etc., as well as Plotly Express in Python for the visualizations of the dataset.

We created a scatter map (shown in Figure 1 above) using Plotly Express. Each point on the map represents a property listing. We chose an open street map style for clarity and simplicity.

Histogram representing the distribution of rental prices

The histogram (shown in Figure 2) allows users to explore the distribution of rental prices. To ensure that the visualization is intuitive, we maintained clear labels for axes, title, and provide a concise explanation of what the histogram represents.

Scatter plot representing the size and price with the number of bedrooms

The scatter plot (shown in Figure 3) allowed users to explore the relationship between size, price, and the number of bedrooms in a rental property. Users can identify trends, such as how prices vary with the size and numbers of bedrooms.

Box plot representing price distribution based on number of bedrooms

The boxplot (shown in Figure 4) allows users to identify trends in price distribution based on the number of bedrooms. Analyzing outliers can provide insights into exceptional properties and market trends, helping users make informed decisions regarding rental or investment properties.

Bar charts for the top ten most expensive and least expensive regions in Ontario

The bar charts (shown in Figures 5 and 6) provide insights into regional price distributions, highlighting the top ten most expensive and least expensive regions. Users can identify trends, such as regional disparities in rental prices, and make informed decisions by targeting regions with lower average prices for investment opportunities.

Pie chart provides insights into the distribution of property types

The pie chart (shown in Figure 7) provides insights into the distribution of property types in the rental market. Users can identify the most prevalent property type, such as apartments, which accounts for the largest percentage (37.6%). This information can help users make informed decisions, such as best property types for investment or rental opportunities.

Applying Machine Learning to cleaned data

To predict the rental prices, we applied machine learning (ML) models to our dataset. Our data is not time series, as the listings cover various dates without a consistent reference period. Instead, we focused on predictive regression models to predict rental prices which is our target variable. These models helped us analyze and predict price movements based on various features like location, property type, and amenities.

We trained various Machine Learning Models as shown below.

• Regression Models:
  • First, we split the dataset into training and test sets. 80% for training and remining 20% for testing. This approach ensured that the model was trained on a substantial portion of the data while retaining a significant portion for testing.
  • Next, we trained the model using Regressor models- Random Forest, Linear Regression & Gradient Boosting models to predict rental prices – which was our target variable/label.
  • Our next step was to carry out cross-validation and for this we used k-fold cross validation technique to assess model performance and generalization.
  • Finally, we evaluated the models based on the following performance metrics:
    • Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE): This metric measures the average magnitude of the errors between the predicted values and the actual values. The lower the RMSE value, the better the model.
    • R-squared (R2) Score: This metric indicates how well the regression model's predictions fit the actual data. The higher this value, the better the model's prediction.
• Classification Models

To enhance our analysis, we transformed the regression problem into a classification problem by setting price thresholds. Specifically, we categorized rental prices into three distinct groups: low, medium, and high. The thresholds were selected based on the distribution of prices in the dataset, with bins set at 0-1500, 1500-2500, and above 2500. This categorization allowed us to apply classification models, such as Random Forest (RF) and Decision Tree (DT), to predict the rental price categories. This approach is subject to the user's perspective of what is considered a high or low price.

We also developed classification models to predict the rental property type based on the given features. The goal was to recommend a suitable property type based on the user's specifications.

Results

Regression Models

After training and evaluating multiple ML models, it was determined that based on comparative evaluation, the linear regression exhibited superior performance compared to other regression models.

Table 1: Performance from ML models.

Model name	RMSE	R2
Random Forest Regressor	483.05	0.6120
Linear Regression	467.54	0.6568
Gradient Boosting	488.56	0.6372

Description - Table 1: Performance from ML models.

This table compares the performance of three different ML models using two metrics: RMSE (root mean square error) and R^2 (coefficient of determination). The table lists the following models: Random Forest regressor, linear regression, and gradient boosting. The RMSE and R^2 values are provided for each model to evaluate their accuracy and predictive power, respectively. The linear regression model exhibits the lowest RMSE at 467.54 and the highest R^2 value at 0.6568, indicating it performs better compared to the others.

Classification Models

The table below provides a detailed comparison of three machine learning models—Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, and Random Forest—used to classify rental property prices into different categories based on their features. The metrics considered for comparison are the accuracy, precision, and recall scores achieved by each model. These metrics are crucial in evaluating the effectiveness and reliability of the models in predicting rental property prices.

Table 2

Model Name	Accuracy	Precision	Recall
Logistic Regression	0.73	0.81	0.81
Decision Tree	0.73	0.77	0.80
Random Forest	0.74	0.79	0.80

Description - Table 2

This table highlights the performance of different machine learning models in classifying rental property prices. The random forest model outperformed the other models in terms of accuracy, achieving a score of 0.74. Both logistic regression and decision tree models achieved the same accuracy score of 0.73. In terms of precision and recall, the logistic regression model achieved the highest score of 0.81, making it slightly better in identifying true positive instances. This comparison provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of these models in predicting rental property prices and helps in selecting the most suitable model for this task.

Feature selection methods: P-values

The concept of p-values in statistical analysis is fundamental for determining the significance of observed results. In hypothesis testing, particularly in the context of feature selection for ML models, p-values help assess the strength of evidence against a null hypothesis. A low p-value typically indicates that the observed data is unlikely under the assumption that the null hypothesis is true, leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis in favour of an alternative hypothesis.

In the above output, the data frame showcases feature names alongside their corresponding p-values derived from the ANOVA F-test. This statistical technique assesses the significance of individual features concerning the target variable "Price". A smaller p-value signifies a stronger association between the feature and the target variable, indicating a higher likelihood that the feature is relevant for predicting housing prices.

Notably, features such as "Hydro_N" "Hydro_Y" "Size" and various geographical indicators exhibit extremely low p-values, underlining their substantial impact on determining housing prices.

Correlation method

Correlation analysis is a statistical technique used to measure the strength and direction of the linear relationship between two variables. In the context of feature selection for ML, correlation analysis helps identify which features are highly correlated with the target variable and have a significant impact on predicting the target. A correlation coefficient ranges from -1 to 1, where:

• A correlation coefficient of 1 indicates a perfect positive linear relationship, meaning that as one variable increases, the other variable also increases proportionally.
• A correlation coefficient of -1 indicates a perfect negative linear relationship, meaning that as one variable increases, the other variable decreases proportionally.
• A correlation coefficient close to 0 suggests little to no linear relationship between the variables.

In above output, the correlation coefficients between the "Price" (target variable) and other features are listed. "Bedrooms" and "Bathrooms" have relatively high positive correlations with "Price" (0.63 and 0.63, respectively), indicating that as the number of bedrooms or bathrooms in a property increases, the price tends to increase as well.

"Water_N" and "Water_Y" have the same correlation coefficient of 0.35 with "Price" suggesting that the presence or absence of water access might influence property prices to some extent.

Features such as "CSDNAME_South Frontenac" "CSDNAME_Norwich" and "CSDNAME_Chatsworth" have very low positive correlations with "Price" (close to 0), indicating weak linear relationships between these geographic indicators and property prices. We made informed decisions to retain only the most relevant geographic features based on domain expertise. This meticulous feature selection process contributed to a more robust and effective machine-learning model for predicting property prices.

Creating a Rental Housing Insights Application

The creation of the Rental Housing Insights Application represents a comprehensive effort to leverage data science techniques in analysing rental housing data. This section outlines the development process, key features, and the potential impact of the application on stakeholders and the community.

Application Development

The application is developed using the Streamlit framework, using Python. The development process involves several key steps:

• Data preprocessing: Cleaning and formatting the rental housing dataset to ensure data quality and consistency.
• Feature engineering:Creating new features and transforming existing ones to enhance model performance and interpretability.
• ML modeling: Training and evaluating predictive models to forecast rental prices and property types.
• User Interface Design: Designing an intuitive and user-friendly interface for seamless navigation and interaction.

Features

The Rental Housing Insights Application offers the following key features:

• Dashboard: Provides an overview of the project objectives and key findings.
• Exploratory data analysis (EDA): Allows users to explore rental housing data through visualizations.

  

• ML modeling: Enables users to predict rental prices and property types based on input parameters.

  

• Community mapping: Displays rental housing listings on maps, providing spatial insights into market trends.

  

• Google's Looker Studio Integration: Embeds additional insights and reports for enhanced analysis and visualization.

  

User Experience

The application prioritizes user experience by offering an intuitive interface, interactive features, and real-time insights. Users can easily navigate between different sections, customize input parameters, and visualize results in a dynamic and engaging manner.

Impact and Benefits of the App

The Rental Housing Insights Application has the potential to make a significant impact on stakeholders and the community by:

• Providing valuable insights into rental housing trends and patterns.
• Supporting informed decision-making in real estate investments and property management.
• Empowering users with predictive analytics capabilities for strategic planning and resource allocation.
• Enhancing transparency and accessibility of rental housing data for policymakers, researchers, and community organizations.

Future work

The study offers a comprehensive exploration into the rental housing market in Ontario, Canada. By employing an EDA and ML techniques, the authors provide valuable insights into spatial trends, housing dynamics, and rental price forecasts, benefiting both metropolitan and small community markets.

Through meticulous data cleaning, feature engineering, and the application of various ML models, the study sheds light on crucial aspects such as price distributions, geographic influences, and the impact of housing attributes on rental prices. The development of an interactive Rental Housing Insights Application further enhances data exploration, predictive modeling, and spatial visualization, thereby empowering stakeholders with actionable insights and supporting informed decision-making in the rental housing market.

Overall, the study highlights the transformative potential of data-driven approaches in addressing complex societal challenges, such as affordable housing, and emphasizes the importance of collaboration between academia, industry, and government stakeholders to drive positive change in the rental housing landscape.

References

• Min, H., Wood, R., Seong-Jong, J. (2023). Machine Learning Methods and Predictive Modeling to Identify Failures in the Military Aircraft. International Journal of Industrial Engineering, 30(5), 1273-1283. 10.23055/ijietap.2023.30.5.8659
• Belcastro, L., Carbone, D., Cosentino, C., Marozzo, F., Trunfio, P. (2023). Enhancing Cryptocurrency Price Forecasting by Integrating Machine Learning with Social Media and Market Data. Algorithms 2023, 16, 542. 10.3390/a16120542
• Chaudhuri, T., Ghosh, I., Singh, P. (2017). Application of Machine Learning Tools in Predictive Modeling of Pairs Trade in Indian Stock Market. The IUP Journal of Applied Finance, Vol. 23, No. 1.
• Paul RK, Yeasin M., Kumar P, Kumar P, Balasubramanian M, Roy HS, et al. (2022). Machine learning techniques for forecasting agricultural prices: A case of brinjal in Odisha, India. PLoS ONE 17(7): e0270553.
• Pyo S, Lee J, Cha M, Jang H. (2017). Predictability of machine learning techniques to forecast the trends of market index prices: Hypothesis testing for the Korean stock markets. PLoS ONE 12(11): e0188107.
• Rowe, W. (n.d.). Mean Square Error & R2 Score Clearly Explained. BMC Blogs.
• R, V. (2018, September 11). Feature selection — Correlation and P-value. Machine Learning - The Science, The Engineering, and The Ops.
• sklearn.metrics.r2_score — scikit-learn 0.24.1 documentation. (n.d.). Scikit-Learn.org.
• panData. (2023, April 8). Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA): Techniques and Methods for Effective ML Models. Medium.
• Streamlit • The fastest way to build and share data apps. (n.d.). Streamlit.io.
• Looker business intelligence platform embedded analytics. (n.d.). Google Cloud.
• Ashraf, A. (2023, September 22). Correlation in machine learning — All you need to know. Medium.
• P-value in Machine Learning. (2020, July 9). GeeksforGeeks.
• Ray, S. (2019, March 7). 7 Types of Regression Techniques you should know. Analytics Vidhya.
• Brownlee, J. (2023, October 4). A Gentle Introduction to k-fold Cross-Validation. Machine Learning Mastery.

Diversity and Sociocultural Statistics
Statistics Canada

Contents

• Part 1: Introduction
  • 1.1. Background
  • 1.2. The engagement initiative
    • 1.2.1 Activities
    • 1.2.2 Topics
• Part 2: Findings and recommendations
  • Topic 1: Terminology
    • Recommendation on the terminology
  • Topic 2: Groups measured (categories)
    • Recommendation for groups measured (categories)
  • Topic 3: Purpose of the data
    • Recommendation for the purpose of the data
  • Topic 4: Presenting the data
    • Recommendation for presenting the data
• Part 3: Next steps

Part 1: Introduction

1.1. Background

Canada is known for its ethnocultural and religious diversity, which is reflected in the data collected through a national census since 1871. Considering the changing and complex nature of diversity in the country, Statistics Canada has conducted extensive engagement and research to improve the collection and measurement of the ethnocultural and religious diversity of the population and the terminology used to describe it.

The term "visible minority" was first coined by African-Canadian activist Kay Livingstone in 1975, who notably worked to organize a national conference of visible minority women. The term became an organizing tool to challenge unfair institutional practices in education, policing and immigration, and it was soon picked up in the media.^{Footnote 1} The term gained further recognition when it was used by Justice Rosalie Silberman Abella in her report for the federal Royal Commission on Equality in Employment (1984).^{Footnote 2} The document explored the systemic barriers that had, "whether by design or impact, the effect of limiting an individual's or a group's right to the opportunities generally available because of attributed rather than actual characteristics."^{Footnote 3} Abella identified four groups that would require targeted policy measures for employment equity, notably women, Indigenous peoples, people with disabilities and visible minorities. She contended that addressing the systemic barriers experienced by "visible minorities, (…) must begin with an attack on racism."^{Footnote 4}

The report led to the adoption of the Employment Equity Act (EEA) in 1985, which defined visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The law was amended in 1996, but the definition for visible minority remains in effect to this day.

An interdepartmental working group led by the Labour Program at Employment and Social Development Canada (then called Employment and Immigration Canada) was tasked with developing a statistical program. To comply with the EEA, Statistics Canada was mandated to provide benchmarking data, which is collected through the national census. Groups designated as "visible minorities" were identified in 1987 by Employment and Immigration Canada and included in Employment Equity: Technical reference papers. They included, among others, South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Arab, Latin American, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

Canadian society has evolved since the 1980s, and so have data needs. While data on visible minorities were specifically collected for the EEA, these data are also relevant for developing policies to fight racism and discrimination and to provide equal opportunities for all. They are currently used by governments, businesses, communities, health care providers, researchers and various organizations across the country.

In recent years, Statistics Canada has received feedback on the use of the term "visible minority" when disseminating data, and various stakeholders are calling for the agency to retire this term. There is also a growing demand for more detailed data on the population groups currently designated as "visible minorities" to highlight the diversity of these populations. In other words, policy and program development increasingly requires information on the different groups that make up the visible minority population.

At the same time, many data users have stressed the importance of comparability between census cycles and different data sources, as this might be affected if the census question is changed. These considerations should be taken into account when revising the current standard.

Over time, Statistics Canada has explored various ways of presenting relevant data that reflect the diversity of the population. One approach is to present data on distinct population groups and avoid presenting data on visible minorities as a whole. Furthermore, the agency is increasingly providing intersectional data and analyses to further break down population groups by ethnicity, religious affiliation, place of birth, generation status, language, gender and sexual orientation.

Several factors must be considered when changing or updating a statistical standard used with the census. These include legislative changes, new data needs, findings from consultative engagements, and the results of robust testing to assess the effect of changes to terminology and categories.

In the case of revising the visible minority standard, future amendments to the EEA should be factored in. The EEA Review Task Force (EEARTF) was established in 2021 with a mandate to review the EEA and advise the Minister of Labour on how to modernize and strengthen the federal equity framework.^{Footnote 5} The final report was published in December 2023, along with recommendations.^{Footnote 6} While Statistics Canada is catering to a vast array of stakeholders and recognizes the need to provide data that are well adapted to a range of purposes beyond employment equity, the specific recommendations of the EEARTF will be taken into serious consideration.

Furthermore, data standards used in the national census are developed to work adequately across a wide range of demographics throughout Canada, respecting the highest standards of data quality and confidentiality. The gaps in population characteristics between provinces, notable differences between rural and urban areas, and the requirements to produce and define data in both official languages pose challenges in revisiting the visible minority standard.

Statistics Canada is currently testing different options to update the visible minority data standard in preparation for the 2026 Census. In addition to this targeted engagement initiative, additional consultations were held regarding the content of the previous census (2026 Census of Population Content Consultation). This feedback was reflected in the approaches for the 2024 Census Test. Results of the census test will be used to provide recommendations for the final content included in the 2026 Census questionnaire. While Statistics Canada is following the census timeline, the overall objective is to determine the agency standard that can be used beyond the census, notably in various surveys and in other federal, provincial and municipal departments.

1.2. The engagement initiative

Statistics Canada has committed to consulting with partners, stakeholders and the general public to establish suitable terminology for describing the population, review the categories to reflect its increasing diversity, and offer adequate and flexible ways to present the data for a wide range of purposes.

Over the past several years, there has been a continuous effort to interact with data users on ethnocultural data through informal discussions with government and community stakeholders. Additionally, a focused engagement with government stakeholders took place in the spring of 2021, complemented by the establishment of the Expert Advisory Committee on Immigration and Ethnocultural Statistics.

These initiatives are led in parallel to an extensive consultation program that allows data users and interested parties across Canada to share their views on both the content and dissemination strategy of the Census. The report to the 2026 Census of population content consultation was published in May 2024.

To refine the focus on the visible minority standard and broaden the discourse to include a diverse array of stakeholders, Statistics Canada initiated a consultative engagement on the visible minority concept in October 2022 (Visible minority concept consultative engagement). The aim of this consultation was to solicit input on the visible minority data standard from a wide spectrum of participants, including data users; representatives of civil society organizations; government entities at the federal, provincial and local levels; academics; researchers; and all other interested parties, such as the general public. A range of activities was planned, comprising targeted meetings, two phases of discussion groups and a publicly accessible feedback form. The overarching goal was to leverage this collective input in proposing modifications to the visible minority standard in preparation for the 2026 Census.

The consultation was publicized through public announcements on the Statistics Canada web page and social media outlets. The announcements listed the types of input sought, provided a timeline for the consultation, and gave contact information for interested parties to make submissions or reach out to Statistics Canada with questions and comments.

In addition, stakeholders and partners, including civil society organizations and a number of researchers in the field of ethnocultural diversity, were invited by email to participate and were encouraged to share the consultation invitation with others within their network. Interested parties were invited to participate in group discussions and to submit written proposals to Statistics Canada.

The engagement focused on various aspects of the visible minority standard, notably the terminology used for dissemination, the categories, the purpose of the data, and the derivation of responses leading to the final data dissemination.

1.2.1 Activities

The engagement took place from October 2022 to November 2023. In the fall of 2022, Statistics Canada organized discussion groups comprising academics and key stakeholders in federal and provincial governments. This activity gathered 48 participants.

In May 2023, Statistics Canada organized virtual information sessions with representatives from various federal departments to share preliminary results from the engagement and to collect feedback. This activity gathered 178 participants, who were also invited to share feedback through an online form. Over 70 submissions were received.

A second phase of discussion groups was held in June 2023 to collect feedback from representatives of organizations involved in equity, diversity and inclusion initiatives, including various not-for-profit organizations supporting diverse communities. This activity gathered 57 participants.

Finally, early findings were shared with the general public in November 2023 and promoted on various social media platforms. At that time, any interested party was invited to provide feedback on these preliminary results, informing the conclusions and recommendations of the current report. Statistics Canada received over 200 responses.

In sum, over 500 people participated in the engagement activities, including academics; representatives from federal, provincial and municipal governments; not-for-profit organizations; community-based organizations; and the general public.

1.2.2 Topics

Terminology

The United Nations (UN) Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination has called on Canada (in 2007, 2012 and 2017 (International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination)) to reconsider using the term "visible minority." The committee stated that the term's "lack of precision may pose a barrier to effectively addressing the socio-economic gaps of different ethnic groups." The UN Independent Expert on Minority Issues (Statement by the United Nations Independent Expert on minority issues, Ms Gay McDougall, on the conclusion of her official visit to Canada) has also stated that Canada's use of the term "has served to obscure and dilute the differences and distinct experiences of diverse minority groups." The UN Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent (Statement to the media by the United Nations’ Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent, on the conclusion of its official visit to Canada, 17-21 October 2016) has expressed similar concerns. While some of these considerations were addressed when data were presented for distinct groups that make up the visible minority population, the term itself continues to be criticized by many stakeholders.

As previously mentioned, the Government of Canada announced in 2021 the creation of a task force to review the EEA (Government of Canada launches Task Force to review the Employment Equity Act). The terms of reference recognized some challenges to the federal employment equity framework, including renewed attention to systemic racism and "calls by stakeholders to retire the term 'visible minorities' and rethink the category."^{Footnote 7} In its final report, the task force recommended replacing the term "visible minority" with "racialized worker," noting that "the language of 'visible minority' has been almost universally criticized, and the task force received substantial requests to have it changed."^{Footnote 8} However, while the term "visible minority" is vastly criticized, the results of the current consultative engagement suggest that there is no consensus regarding the most appropriate term with which to replace it.

Categories

As previously mentioned, the current categories (Classification of visible minority) were listed in Employment Equity: Technical reference papers (1987) by Employment and Immigration Canada. While minor changes were made over the years, the categories remained mostly intact to keep comparability between census cycles.

In recent years, various stakeholders have proposed changing the response categories to ensure their coherence, collect more granular data or meet the data needs of specific communities.^{Footnote 9} In the end, different data users have different data needs, and no single list of categories can meet everyone's expectations.

Some stakeholders have pointed out that the current list overrepresents certain groups. For instance, some proposed reducing the number of groups to combine the "Chinese," "Korean" and "Japanese" categories into an "East Asian" category, or to include the "Filipino" category in the "Southeast Asian" category. Another common proposition was to combine the "Arab" and "West Asian" categories into a "Middle Eastern" category. Furthermore, combining categories appears preferable to some data users when the survey sample prevents the presentation of data for smaller groups.

Also, according to employment equity definitions, Indigenous peoples and visible minorities are mutually exclusive equity-deserving groups. Therefore, to avoid response burden, people who identify as Indigenous in the census and in other Statistics Canada surveys have been counted as part of the "non-visible minority" population and skip the census question altogether. Many stakeholders have mentioned that a considerable number of Indigenous people are of mixed background (i.e., Indigenous and non-Indigenous) and that this important dimension of Indigenous identity should be reflected in the data.

One final consideration is that there is currently no single definition or recommended classification for measuring ethnocultural characteristics at the international level.^{Footnote 10} Rather, approaches and criteria vary widely between countries. The choice of terms and classifications depends on various factors, reflecting historical and political developments and legislative requirements specific to each country.

Purpose of the data

The primary objective of the data on visible minorities collected in the Canadian census is to provide benchmarks to meet the requirements of the EEA. That said, data on visible minorities also support anti-racism strategy programs and the measurement of equity and diversity in the labour, social, health, education and justice fields.

Given the recent initiatives by federal^{Footnote 11} and provincial^{Footnote 12} governments to develop anti-racism programs and legislation, stakeholders are increasingly expressing their need for race-based data. While the EEA defines visible minorities as people "other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour," the data collected and disseminated in the census and in other surveys extend beyond racial groups (e.g., Black, White) to include ethnic (e.g., Arab, Latin American), region-based (e.g., South Asian, West Asian) and country-based (e.g., Chinese, Filipino, Korean) groups.

During the current consultative engagement, Statistics Canada gathered feedback on the data needs of participants beyond employment equity to evaluate how the future standard could be more adaptable to various research purposes, including anti-racism, health, education and justice.

Presenting the data

The current approach to presenting the data on visible minorities collected in the census is to derive each respondent in one group, even when they select more than one category (for more information on the derivation method, see Visible minority of person). For instance, a respondent identifying as a Black and White person is included only in the "Black" population category, and a respondent identifying as a Black and Chinese person is included in the "multiple visible minorities" population category. This approach has been criticized by some stakeholders, and alternative options were presented to participants during the consultative engagement.

Another issue is that data on visible minorities divide the population into large categories that do not reflect the diversity of groups (e.g., Black, Latin American, South Asian). Statistics Canada sought feedback on options to provide more granular and flexible data to users and communities.

While the visible minority variable has been the most commonly disseminated variable from the census question since 1996, more detailed data are available through the population group variable^{Footnote 13} contrast to the visible minority variable, the population group variable provides data that more closely match the responses provided by respondents on the census questionnaire, including single and multiple responses. This variable includes 12 single-response categories, counting respondents who reported a single population group. Additionally, it presents a large number of multiple-response categories (67 in total), corresponding to each of the possible combinations of two population groups (e.g., "White and South Asian," "Chinese and Black"). Finally, it includes categories for those who reported three or more population groups ("White and multiple population groups" and "multiple population groups, not included elsewhere"). However, while these data offer granular detail on multiple responses, they are not always suitable for analytical purposes because of the large number of categories.

Part 2: Findings and draft recommendations

Topic 1: Terminology

During the consultative engagement, various terms were presented to participants as potential substitutes for "visible minority," including "racialized group," "population group," "Black, Indigenous and People of Colour," and "ethnocultural group." These terms were presented because they were most frequently reported by various stakeholders before the engagement. No clear consensus emerged from participants, and various considerations were raised.

Several participants preferred the term "racialized group" to replace "visible minority." They noted that the term "racialized" is already used by various federal departments, by provincial and municipal governments, and in the media. They also argued that the term more accurately presents race as a social construct by emphasizing the process of racialization.

However, the term "racialized" was also the most controversial option. Many participants were offended when they were described as belonging to a racialized group. Furthermore, most francophone participants did not think that Statistics Canada should adopt race-based terminology because it is more generally considered to be offensive in French. Regardless of their official language, many participants felt that labelling all non-White people as "racialized" reinforces the White population as the dominant group. Finally, participants also noted the various definitions of "racialization" related to skin colour, culture, religion, ethnicity, language, etc. currently in use.

"Population group" was the second most preferred term. Participants argued that it is sufficiently broad and flexible to apply to a number of situations and to be defined differently according to the needs of different organizations and programs. It was also considered to be a more neutral term that would likely have a longer lifespan, considering the sensitivity of this topic. Participants also noted that the term could include the White population, without making this population either the reference or the norm. On the other hand, some participants opposed this term because of its vagueness.

Recommendation on the terminology

1. Align the terminology in accordance with future amendments to the EEA

In its final report to the Minister of Labour, the EEARTF recommends changing the term "visible minority" to "racialized workers."^{Footnote 14} Because the EEA has enshrined the definition and terminology for data on visible minorities since the 1980s, the recommendation of the EEARTF weighs heavily in the balance. If the recommendation is adopted in a future amendment to the EEA, Statistics Canada should align its terminology and definitions to provide benchmarking data.

While the term "racialized" did not yield a consensus for a term to replace "visible minority," a majority of participants preferred the term over other options. It appears preferable because it acknowledges the effect of racialization on the lived experiences of many Canadians while emphasizing the social and subjective construction of racial categories.

Statistics Canada recognizes that using this term when referring to a specific set of groups is limiting. For instance, these data cannot encompass every group that experiences racialization based on its religion, language or ethnicity.

Also, while Indigenous peoples experience racialization in Canadian society, data on these populations should be separate from other racialized groups to reflect the mandate of the EEA. Similarly, the EEARTF has recommended separating the Black population from other racialized groups. A detailed communication plan will be developed to explain and define the new standard to the public and its relation to the terms and definitions of the EEA.

Topic 2: Groups measured (categories)

During the consultative engagement, no clear consensus emerged on a list of categories to measure groups. Some participants suggested that combining certain categories, as seen in option 2, would be more useful for anti-racism purposes because the resulting data would better reflect how others perceive individuals rather than the respondent's personal identity, which can often be quite specific.

Other participants argued that more detail is always preferable and saw no advantage in reducing the number of categories. Moreover, these participants noted that reducing the number of categories would mean that details for certain groups would be lost (e.g., Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Filipino, Arab, West Asian).

Various participants believed that Indigenous peoples should also be able to identify with a non-Indigenous group because this population is increasingly diverse.

One common criticism was that the categories on both lists are incoherent because they straddle race, ethnicity, nationality and geographical descent.

That said, most respondents felt that historical comparability is important for their data needs and were concerned with the potential effects caused by changing the categories in the questionnaire.

Most respondents believed that some categories are too broad and should be more granular. For instance, various participants expressed that the "Black" category should be further disaggregated. They contended that increased emphasis on this population is justified given the disproportionate effect of racism on Black people. Different subcategories were suggested (e.g., "Black Canadian," "Black Caribbean," "Black East African," "Black West African"). These comments were echoed for the Latin American and South Asian groups, which encompass diverse populations that should be further broken down.

Various participants were also in favour of changing the labels of certain categories, arguing that they should be more relevant and reflective of the self-perception of the concerned communities. Some participants asked to change the label "Latin American" to "Latino," "Latino or Latina," or "Latino, Latina or Latinx." The label "West Asian" was considered inapt to refer to the descendants of this region of Asia, as respondents would not necessarily recognize themselves as "West Asian." The term "Middle Eastern" was preferred, even if other participants denoted a colonial undertone in this terminology. Finally, the term "Arab" was criticized for not adequately representing non-Arab populations of North Africa (e.g., Berber, Coptic). The term "North African" is preferred.

Recommendation for groups measured (categories)

1. Modify the categories to ensure relevance while retaining comparability and data quality

Many participants in the consultative engagement voiced the opinion that categories should be modified to better reflect the diversity of the population. At the same time, most emphasized the importance of keeping historical comparability between census cycles. Meeting both these objectives requires a balanced and measured approach.

To keep historical comparability with past census cycles, the categories in the census questionnaire should remain the same until enough evidence is gathered regarding the effects of potential modifications. A testing strategy will be put in place to evaluate the effect of modifying certain categories, notably "West Asian," "Arab" and "Latin American."

That said, Statistics Canada is currently testing the removal of the "skip" between the Indigenous group and population group questions. If results are positive, Indigenous respondents would be able to identify with one or many non-Indigenous population groups, reflecting the increasing diversity of this population.

Even if the categories remain mostly intact on the questionnaire, different approaches can be adopted at the stage of presenting the data. For instance, a "White" category should be presented instead of the "not a visible minority" (or non-racialized) category. Furthermore, different variables can be created to accommodate a variety of data needs and to further disaggregate the data (see Topic 4: Presenting the data).

Topic 3: Purpose of the data

Participants expressed a wide range of applications for the data collected on visible minorities that are not reflected in the current emphasis on the EEA. Government organizations, academic researchers and community organizations use data on visible minorities in the fields of health, education and justice, and several participants use the current categories as a proxy for "race" data. For many users, data are used for benchmarking specific populations in a context where anti-racism policies are being developed by the federal government and by provincial and municipal governments.

Participants highlighted the need to provide data for a wide range of purposes. In this context, it was recognized that Statistics Canada will face challenges in meeting the needs of different data users. For instance, data users mentioned the challenges of fulfilling the mandates of anti-racism policies with the current standard given the discrimination experienced by certain religious communities (i.e., Muslim and Jewish). Consequently, Statistics Canada heard from various participants that data on religious groups are crucial to understanding the various dimensions of racialization in Canada.

Participants recognized the wealth of data collected through the national census, including data on ethnic and cultural origins, immigration, religion, and language. However, a recurring challenge is that the number of questions included in the census and other household surveys is limited.

Some data users called for Statistics Canada to develop a "race" data standard, with explicit reference to this concept in the question. They contended that Statistics Canada is evading the reality of racism by adopting euphemistic terminologies and has a duty as the national statistical agency to tackle the phenomenon of racism by providing reliable data. However, other participants believed this approach could potentially reinforce racism in society by reifying the concept of "race." As previously mentioned, this important debate is also reflected in conversations on the terminology and the categories.

Various participants questioned whether these data should reflect the respondents' perception of their identity or how they are being perceived by others in society. While self-identification is the primary purpose of the question, participants who are looking to evaluate the effects of racialization in society want the question to measure how people are being perceived and would prefer fewer categories (e.g., "Black," "Asian," "Latino," "Middle Eastern," "Indigenous"). At the same time, many participants advocated for a more open-ended question (i.e., a write-in field without check boxes) allowing the respondent to identify according to their self-perception.

Participants also expressed a clear need for data on racialization and the experience of racism that is not addressed by the current question in the census. Meeting this need would require the development of a larger statistical program, including a sample survey.

Recommendation for the purpose of the data

1. Expand statistical programs to measure racism and discrimination

There are still gaps in capturing the experiences, perceptions and awareness of racism and hate that cannot be addressed through current surveys and administrative data. Filling these gaps will require the development of new questions for Statistics Canada's current social surveys and the advancement of a conceptual framework for operationalizing a measure of racism and discrimination with relevant indicators to better understand equity, diversity and inclusion.

Statistics Canada aims to develop tools to understand and monitor racism, including the process of racialization and its effect on Canadians. Different means to this end are currently being considered and tested, notably new questions to better measure how a person is perceived by others in society (i.e., how the person is "racialized") and the effects experienced because of this process of racialization. While Statistics Canada collects data on experiences of discrimination in the General Social Survey, a more targeted approach could expand the understanding of racism. Also, socioeconomic indicators (labour, education, housing, health) should be factored in to understand and measure the effects of systemic racism in Canadian society.

Topic 4: Presenting the data

In general, participants in the engagement expressed a need for more flexible and disaggregated data. Different options were presented to the participants for their feedback, including multiple response variables and cross-tabulations.

One important consideration is that according to the technical guidelines from the EEA, individuals of mixed backgrounds who select more than one response category are currently derived in one category (see the detailed derivation approach (Visible minority of person)). While the detail for various combinations of multiple responses is available in large data tables (Visible minority and population group by generation status: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts), most data users rely on the visible minority variable. One way to mitigate these limitations is to present the data as a multiple response variable, displaying multiple and single responses. Most participants agreed that this approach would be useful.

Different stakeholders had previously expressed a need to obtain more details for certain groups. Alternate approaches were presented to the participants, offering more granular and flexible data. The first option was a data table cross-tabulating visible minorities by region of birth of parents. Most participants were enthusiastic with this proposition, even if some considered the level of disaggregation to be insufficient.

Recommendation for presenting the data

1. Provide more options to meet various data needs

To provide more disaggregated data, Statistics Canada should leverage the data collected in the census and provide different options to data users. To that aim, more than one variable could be derived to present the data collected through the census question and in other surveys.

While data for the purpose of the EEA would match the operational definition of the legislation (i.e., terminology and categories), a more disaggregated variable could be available to data users. Inversely, a more aggregated variable could be derived when samples are not sufficient to present data for all groups (i.e., combining Chinese, Japanese and Korean into an "East Asian" category; Filipino and Southeast Asian into a single category; and West Asian and Arab into a single category).

Also, in response to data users who want to see the total responses of certain population groups, a multiple response variable could be derived. A multiple response variable presents the sum of single and multiple responses for each group. Total response counts indicate the number of people who reported a specified group, either as their only response or in addition to one or more groups. For an example, see data for ethnic and cultural origins.

Finally, cross-tabulating data with other variables such as the region of birth of parents would provide more granular data. Other possibilities are to cross them with the ethnic and cultural origin, language, or religion variables.

Part 3: Next steps

The public consultation summarized in this report was one of several activities that informed the work involved in the development and updating of ethnocultural data. In addition to the public consultation, Statistics Canada regularly meets with an advisory committee, composed of leading researchers and academics, to discuss its data programs. Ongoing conversations with various stakeholders also inform the development and updating of the visible minority data standard.

Statistics Canada is currently undertaking 2024 Census Test, which will provide recommendations for the 2026 Census. All the comments received during this consultation and other engagement activities were considered, and many are reflected in the recommendations of this report.

Research continues in preparation for the disseminating of data from the 2026 Census and other household surveys. As previously mentioned, modifying the question is only one step toward modernizing the data standard.

Changes to the derivation method, including processing multiple responses, combining response categories when relevant and combining different variables to obtain more disaggregated data, will be investigated in preparation for the disseminating of data from the 2026 Census.

The Canadian farm balance sheet has been designed to: record the value of farm business assets; record the value of farm business liabilities; record the value of equity for farm businesses; display standard financial ratios which are based on estimates from the balance sheet and the value-added account; be based on the establishment concept; display the information at December 31, by province.

Four different balance sheet accounts have been developed in order to separate the assets and liabilities of farm businesses from those of farm operator households and non-operator landlords. Non-operator landlords are individuals or businesses not engaged in the activity of farming who lease assets to farm operators.

In this series, data are provided only for the Balance Sheet of the Agricultural Sector (set 2). This is because set 2 most closely reflects the assets employed in the production of agricultural products. The other sets of balance sheet accounts are available on request. The four sets of aggregate balance sheets produced for Canadian agriculture are as follows:

Set 1 - The Balance Sheet of the Agricultural Sector and Farm Operator Households includes all farm sector assets and liabilities regardless of ownership. It treats the farm operator households and farm businesses as a single entity. It also includes farm real estate assets leased from non-operator landlords and the liabilities outstanding on these assets.

Set 2 - The Balance Sheet of the Agricultural Sector is designed to account for only those farm assets and liabilities used in the production of agricultural products. This set includes farm real estate assets leased from non-operator landlords and the liabilities outstanding on these assets. It also includes automobiles, trucks and farm machinery leased to farm operators. It treats the farm operator households and farm businesses as separate entities, so the personal portion of farm households’ assets and liabilities is excluded.

Set 3 - The Balance Sheet of Farm Businesses and Farm Operator Households reflects the position of farm operators and includes the assets and liabilities of both farm businesses and farm operator households. Thus, the value of farm real estate leased to farm operators by non-operator landlords is not part of this balance sheet. Similarly, the liabilities related to these leased assets are excluded.

Set 4 - The Balance Sheet of Farm Businesses of Farm Operators includes only the farm business portion of assets and liabilities. This account excludes the assets and liabilities of both non-operator landlords and farm operator households.

The layout of the balance sheet follows that recommended in the Farm Accounting Standardization Manual, published by the Farm Accounting Standardization Review Committee, Farm Credit Corporation, 1991. Some definitions and comments on the concepts and ratios have also been extracted from this manual.

Although ratio analysis can assist in managing and analyzing a business, a proper financial analysis of the business requires more tools than just ratio analysis. Consequently, complete reliance upon such financial measures is a very unsound business practice. The four major types of financial ratios which have been calculated include: liquidity, solvency, profitability, and financial efficiency.

The ratios calculated in the tables reflect an aggregate ratio for the agricultural sector. Users should note that the desired and actual value of the ratios will vary significantly according to the type of farming activity (livestock, crop, horticulture, etc.).

When developing and interpreting financial ratios, many limitations must be kept in mind, such as the method of asset valuation; the type, size, and cycle of the business; and the information used to prepare them. Ratios are most meaningful when compared between years. For further information on developing and interpreting financial ratios, refer to the Farm Accounting Standardization Manual.

Users should be especially cautious in using estimates of accounts receivable and cash, bonds and savings data in the provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta and British Columbia. The estimates of cash, bonds and savings in these provinces may include the value of deferred grain receipts whereas these receipts are generally reported under "accounts receivable". This should not affect the aggregate estimates of current assets.

Current assets are assets which in the normal course of operations are expected to be converted into cash or consumed in the production process within one year. The three components include: cash, bonds and savings; accounts receivable; and inventories.

Accounts receivable are amounts owed to farm businesses, usually arising from the sale of goods or services. Examples include uncollected receipts for grain or livestock sales, or custom work performed.

Inventories are items of tangible property which are held for sale in the ordinary course of business or are in the process of production for such sale, or are to be directly consumed in the production of goods or services. The three categories of inventories are: poultry and market livestock; crops; and inputs.

Poultry and market livestock include chickens, turkeys, slaughter beef heifers, steers, calves, pigs other than boars or sows, and market lambs.

Crops include wheat excluding durum, durum wheat, oats, barley, rye, corn, flaxseed, canola, soybeans, mustard seed, canary seed, sunflower seed, dry peas, chickpeas, lentils, tobacco, and potatoes.

Inputs include feed, seed, fertilizer, chemicals, fuel, and other supplies used for farm businesses.

Prior to 1991, household contents include assets such as furniture and appliances. The farm business portion of household contents refers to office fixtures, equipment and supplies.

Quota is essentially a license, or a right, to sell a certain amount of a specific commodity. This right is regulated by marketing boards. Some quotas (such as milk) are transferable and therefore have a value associated with them. In provinces where quotas are traded, quota values reflect current market values. In provinces where quota trading is prohibited, quota values are implicitly reflected in the value of fixed assets of agricultural holdings because some of the value of quota is normally capitalized into fixed assets.

Breeding livestock consists of animals acquired or raised for the production of progeny, or for the production of a livestock product. Breeding livestock includes bulls, dairy cows, beef cows, dairy heifers, beef replacement heifers, boars, sows, rams, ewes and replacement lambs. Also included are all animals on fur farms at December 31 because all or the great majority of these are breeding stock.

There are three components of machinery: autos, trucks, and other machinery. Other machinery includes equipment for tillage, planting, fertilizing, chemical application, harvesting and haying; dairy, poultry, and other livestock equipment; and other miscellaneous items. As of 1991, computers and other office equipment used for the farm business are included with other machinery.

Farm real estate includes land, service buildings and homes (owned and leased). The value of land includes all farmland operated by farm operators. The value of service buildings includes all buildings except homes. The value of homes includes all farm dwellings occupied by farm operators.

Other long-term assets include long-term investments, as well as AgriInvest balances (beginning in 2008). Prior to the end of the programs in 2007, and the subsequent closure of all the producer accounts in 2009, Net Income Stabilization Account (NISA) balances and, in Québec, balances in the “Compte de stabilisation du revenu agricole” (CSRA), were also included. This series starts in 1991.

Total assets include all tangible and intangible items of value at December 31. It is the sum of current assets, quota, breeding livestock, machinery, farm real estate and other long-term assets.

Current liabilities are payable within the current year. Examples include accounts and notes payable within the year.

Long-term liabilities have a maturity beyond one year from the date of the balance sheet. Examples include mortgages and equipment loans owed by farm operators to various lenders. These lenders include: chartered banks; Farm Credit Canada; the Business Development Bank of Canada; credit unions; treasury branches; federal and provincial agencies; insurance, trust and loan companies; supply companies and private individuals, Veterans Affairs and advance payment programs.

Total liabilities include all obligations of a business arising from past transactions that are to be paid in the future. Total liabilities are the sum of current and long-term liabilities.

Equity refers to the ownership interest in the business. Equity equals total assets minus total liabilities and could be considered to be the owners’ claim against the assets of the business. Equity is increased by the owners’ net contribution of assets to the business and the accumulated net income of the business. As equity is derived residually, by definition any change in the value of assets and liabilities will cause a proportionately larger change in the value of equity.

Liquidity refers to the ability of a business to meet financial obligations as they come due in the ordinary course of business. Three liquidity ratios are calculated using balance sheet values: the current ratio, the acid-test or quick ratio and the debt structure ratio.

The current ratio measures a business’ ability to meet financial obligations as they come due, without disrupting normal operations. If the current ratio is greater than 1, the business is considered to be liquid. A ratio of less than 1 may indicate a potential liquidity problem. Users should note that a favourable liquidity position may be a misleading indicator of the ability of current assets to cover current liabilities because a significant portion of the current assets may be comprised of inventories which may not be easily converted to cash. Also, the value of the ratio may vary depending upon the production cycle, (eg. the ratio may obtain a significantly different result if calculated in the fall when inventories are typically high than in spring when inventories are usually depleted). The ratio is also limited in that it does not predict the timing or the adequacy of future cash flows.

The acid-test (quick) ratio is a variation of the current ratio, and is defined as the ratio of cash, marketable securities, and accounts receivable to current liabilities. The exclusion of inventories in the calculation allows for an assessment of the "immediate" liquidity position of farm businesses. An acid-test ratio of 1 indicates that there are just enough assets of a very liquid nature to cover current liabilities. The desired value of the ratio varies according to type of farming activity. For example, the desired value of the ratio for a dairy operation will be different than for a grain operation. The ratio is also limited in that it does not predict the timing or the adequacy of future cash flows.

The debt structure ratio measures the proportion of current liabilities to total liabilities. This ratio, in conjunction with the current ratio, will provide information on the relative solvency of a business. A high debt structure ratio may indicate solvency problems. However, this may not always be the case, especially for farm businesses with a relatively low value of long-term liabilities. In this case, businesses may have no solvency problems. Thus, it is important to interpret this ratio in conjunction with the value of liabilities and cash flow from farming operations.

Solvency refers to the financial measures that gauge the amount of debt of a business relative to the amount of capital invested in the business. Three solvency ratios are calculated using values from the balance sheet: leverage, equity, and debt. These ratios are indicators of the risk involved in investing in the operation: the higher the debt, the greater the risk to all investors.

The leverage ratio is the value of total liabilities per dollar of equity. The ratio is a measure of the degree to which the creditors have financed the business as compared to the owners. The higher the ratio, the greater is the financing of the farm business by creditors. A leverage ratio of 0.5, for example, indicates that the farm operators have twice as much equity as debt. The higher the value of the leverage ratio, the greater the creditors have financed the farm businesses and thus the higher the risk. The desired value of the ratio will depend upon the income variability of farm businesses and other factors such as the risk associated with production, farm businesses with high income variability or business risk would desire a lower ratio.

The equity ratio is the value of equity per dollar of total assets. The ratio measures the proportion of total assets financed by the owners, as opposed to that financed by creditors. The higher the ratio the more resources are supplied by the owners.

The debt ratio is a measure of the extent of leverage being used by a business, or the proportion of total assets financed by debt. The higher the ratio, the higher is the financial risk.

Profitability refers to the extent to which a business is able to generate profit from the utilization of the business resources. Profitability ratios are calculated using values from the balance sheet and the value-added account because the two series are conceptually and methodologically related. The three calculated profitability ratios are: capital turnover, return on assets and return on equity.

The capital turnover ratio indicates the extent to which a business efficiently utilizes its assets to generate revenue. The higher the ratio the more efficiently assets are being used to generate revenue. The desired value of the capital turnover ratio will vary significantly by type of farming activity. Users should be aware that the ratio is a comparison of flows over stocks, that is, revenues cover an accounting period while total assets refer to a specific point in time. Therefore, the ratio may be misleading in the event that total assets fluctuate significantly in one direction (either up or down) in the accounting period.

The return on assets ratio is a measure of return on investment; it reflects earnings per dollar of both owned and borrowed capital. The higher the ratio, the greater is the return on assets.

The return on equity ratio provides a measure of the return to the owner on the owner’s investment in the business, as it reflects only the return per dollar of owned capital.

Because the value of unpaid family and operator labour is not estimated, the usefulness and the interpretation of return on assets and return on equity may be influenced. Comparisons of these ratios to other return on assets and return on equity ratios should not be made unless the method of calculating the ratios is the same. These ratios do not consider the unrealized capital gains that may be present in the value of assets such as farm land. The higher the value of return on equity, the greater is the return on investment. However, a high value for this ratio may signify a highly leveraged business. Therefore, interpretation of the significance of this ratio should be made in conjunction with other ratios.

The return on assets ratio and the return on equity ratio reflect the different balance sheets. In sets 1 and 2, which include non-operator landlords, the returns include rent to non-operator landlords. In sets 1 and 3, which include the personal share of households, the returns include the family wages.

Financial efficiency refers to the extent to which a business is able to efficiently utilize the businesses resources.

The interest coverage ratio is one of the most widely used financial efficiency ratios for analyzing the ability of a business to pay the interest on debt. Similar to the return on assets or equity ratios, the interest coverage ratio reflects the inclusion or exclusion of non-operator landlords and the personal share of households.

Why are we conducting this survey?

This survey collects information on scientific activities of Canadian businesses. The research and development expenditures and personnel information is used by federal, provincial and territorial governments and agencies, academics, trade associations and international organizations for statistical analyses and policy purposes. These data also contribute to national totals of research and development activities. The payments and receipts information is used by these agencies to monitor knowledge flows across international borders and between Canadian businesses.

Your information may also be used by Statistics Canada for other statistical and research purposes.

Your participation in this survey is required under the authority of the Statistics Act.

Other important information

Authorization to collect this information

Data are collected under the authority of the Statistics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, Chapter S-19.

Confidentiality

By law, Statistics Canada is prohibited from releasing any information it collects that could identify any person, business, or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent, or as permitted by the Statistics Act. Statistics Canada will use the information from this survey for statistical purposes only.

Record linkages

To enhance the data from this survey and to reduce the reporting burden, Statistics Canada may combine the acquired data with information from other surveys or from administrative sources.

Data-sharing agreements

To reduce respondent burden, Statistics Canada has entered into data-sharing agreements with provincial and territorial statistical agencies and other government organizations, which have agreed to keep the data confidential and use them only for statistical purposes. Statistics Canada will only share data from this survey with those organizations that have demonstrated a requirement to use the data.

Provincial and territorial statistical agencies

Section 11 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with provincial and territorial statistical agencies that meet certain conditions. These agencies must have the legislative authority to collect the same information, on a mandatory basis, and the legislation must provide substantially the same provisions for confidentiality and penalties for disclosure of confidential information as the Statistics Act. Because these agencies have the legal authority to compel businesses to provide the same information, consent is not requested and businesses may not object to the sharing of the data.

For this survey, there are Section 11 agreements with the provincial and territorial statistical agencies of Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia and the Yukon. The shared data will be limited to information on in-house research and development expenditures (Question 14) and in-house research and development personnel (Question 72) pertaining to business establishments located within the jurisdiction of the respective province or territory.

Section 12 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with federal, provincial or territorial government organizations. Under Section 12, you may refuse to share your information with any of these organizations by writing a letter of objection to the Chief Statistician, specifying the organizations with which you do not want Statistics Canada to share your data and mailing it to the following address:

Chief Statistician of Canada
Statistics Canada
Attention of Director, Enterprise Statistics Division
150 Tunney's Pasture Driveway
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0T6

You may also contact us by email at statcan.esdhelpdesk-dsebureaudedepannage.statcan@statcan.gc.ca or by fax at 613-951-6583.

Other data-sharing agreement

For this survey, there are Section 12 agreements with the statistical agencies of Prince Edward Island, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut. The shared data will be limited to information on in-house research and development expenditures (Question 14) and in-house research and development personnel (Question 72) pertaining to business establishments located within the jurisdiction of the respective province or territory.

Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada

For this survey, Statistics Canada will share survey data with Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada. The shared data will be limited to information on research and development expenditures (Questions 4 to 21) and in-house research and development personnel (Questions 70 to 72).

Natural Resources Canada

For respondents with expenditures on energy-related research and development in technology (fossil fuels, renewable energy resources, nuclear fission and fusion, electric power, hydrogen and fuel cells, energy efficiency, other energy-related technologies), Statistics Canada will also share survey data with the Office of Energy Research and Development (OERD) of Natural Resources Canada. The shared data will be limited to information on Energy Research and Development Expenditures by Area of Technology (Questions 22 to 69).

Business or organization and contact information

1. Verify or provide the business or organization's legal and operating name and correct where needed.

Note: Legal name modifications should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

Legal Name

The legal name is one recognized by law, thus it is the name liable for pursuit or for debts incurred by the business or organization. In the case of a corporation, it is the legal name as fixed by its charter or the statute by which the corporation was created.

Modifications to the legal name should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

To indicate a legal name of another legal entity you should instead indicate it in question 3 by selecting 'Not currently operational' and then choosing the applicable reason and providing the legal name of this other entity along with any other requested information.

Operating Name

The operating name is a name the business or organization is commonly known as if different from its legal name. The operating name is synonymous with trade name.

• Legal name
• Operating name (if applicable)

2. Verify or provide the contact information of the designated business or organization contact person for this questionnaire and correct where needed.

Note: The designated contact person is the person who should receive this questionnaire. The designated contact person may not always be the one who actually completes the questionnaire.

• First name
• Last name
• Title
• Preferred language of communication
  • English
  • French
• Mailing address (number and street)
• City
• Province, territory or state
• Postal code or ZIP code
• Country
  • Canada
  • United States
• Email address
• Telephone number (including area code)
• Extension number (if applicable)
  The maximum number of characters is 10.
• Fax number (including area code)

3. Verify or provide the current operational status of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

• Operational
• Not currently operational
  Why is this business or organization not currently operational?
  • Seasonal operations
    • When did this business or organization close for the season?
      • Date
    • When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
      • Date
  • Ceased operations
    • When did this business or organization cease operations?
      • Date
    • Why did this business or organization cease operations?
      • Bankruptcy
      • Liquidation
      • Dissolution
      • Other - Specify the other reasons for ceased operations
  • Sold operations
    • When was this business or organization sold?
      • Date
    • What is the legal name of the buyer?
  • Amalgamated with other businesses or organizations
    • When did this business or organization amalgamate?
      • Date
    • What is the legal name of the resulting or continuing business or organization?
    • What are the legal names of the other amalgamated businesses or organizations?
  • Temporarily inactive but will re-open
    • When did this business or organization become temporarily inactive?
      • Date
    • When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
      • Date
    • Why is this business or organization temporarily inactive?
  • No longer operating due to other reasons
    • When did this business or organization cease operations?
      • Date
    • Why did this business or organization cease operations?

4. Verify or provide the current main activity of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

Note: The described activity was assigned using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

This question verifies the business or organization's current main activity as classified by the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) is an industry classification system developed by the statistical agencies of Canada, Mexico and the United States. Created against the background of the North American Free Trade Agreement, it is designed to provide common definitions of the industrial structure of the three countries and a common statistical framework to facilitate the analysis of the three economies. NAICS is based on supply-side or production-oriented principles, to ensure that industrial data, classified to NAICS, are suitable for the analysis of production-related issues such as industrial performance.

The target entity for which NAICS is designed are businesses and other organizations engaged in the production of goods and services. They include farms, incorporated and unincorporated businesses and government business enterprises. They also include government institutions and agencies engaged in the production of marketed and non-marketed services, as well as organizations such as professional associations and unions and charitable or non-profit organizations and the employees of households.

The associated NAICS should reflect those activities conducted by the business or organizational units targeted by this questionnaire only, as identified in the 'Answering this questionnaire' section and which can be identified by the specified legal and operating name. The main activity is the activity which most defines the targeted business or organization's main purpose or reason for existence. For a business or organization that is for-profit, it is normally the activity that generates the majority of the revenue for the entity.

The NAICS classification contains a limited number of activity classifications; the associated classification might be applicable for this business or organization even if it is not exactly how you would describe this business or organization's main activity.

Please note that any modifications to the main activity through your response to this question might not necessarily be reflected prior to the transmitting of subsequent questionnaires and as a result they may not contain this updated information.

The following is the detailed description including any applicable examples or exclusions for the classification currently associated with this business or organization.

Description and examples

• This is the current main activity
  • Provide a brief but precise description of this business or organization's main activity
  • e.g., breakfast cereal manufacturing, shoe store, software development
• This is not the current main activity

Main activity

5. You indicated that is not the current main activity.

Was this business or organization's main activity ever classified as:?

• Yes
  • When did the main activity change?
    Date
• No

6. Search and select the industry classification code that best corresponds to this business or organization's main activity.

How to search:

• if desired, you can filter the search results by first selecting this business or organization's activity sector
• enter keywords or a brief description that best describes this business or organization main activity
• press the Search button to search the database for an activity that best matches the keywords or description you provided
• then select an activity from the list.

Select this business or organization's activity sector (optional)

• Farming or logging operation
• Construction company or general contractor
• Manufacturer
• Wholesaler
• Retailer
• Provider of passenger or freight transportation
• Provider of investment, savings or insurance products
• Real estate agency, real estate brokerage or leasing company
• Provider of professional, scientific or technical services
• Provider of health care or social services
• Restaurant, bar, hotel, motel or other lodging establishment
• Other sector

Enter keywords or a brief description, then press the Search button

Additional reporting instructions

1. Throughout this questionnaire, please report financial information in thousands of Canadian dollars.

For example, an amount of $763,880.25 should be reported as: 764, CAN$ '000

I will report in the format above

Reporting period

1. What is the end date of this business's fiscal year?

Note: For this survey, this business's fiscal year end date should fall on or before March 31, 2024.

Here are some examples of fiscal periods that fall within the targeted dates:

• May 1, 2022 to April 30, 2023
• July 1, 2022 to June 30, 2023
• October 1, 2022 to September 30, 2023
• January 1, 2023 to December 31, 2023
• February 1, 2023 to January 31, 2024
• April 1, 2023 to March 31, 2024

Fiscal Year-End date

This fiscal year will be referred to as 2023 throughout the questionnaire

Business status

2. What is this business's GST number (9-digit business number)?

GST number (9-digit business number)

In-house research and development (R&D) expenditures

Before you begin, differences between Scientific Research and Experimental Development (SR&ED) tax incentive program and this survey

Include the following expenditures in this survey:

• capital R&D expenditures
• R&D expenditures in the social sciences and humanities
• payments for R&D performed by other organizations outside Canada.

Definitions for this survey

'In-house R&D ' refers to
Expenditures within Canada for R&D performed within this business by:

• employees (permanent, temporary or casual)
• self-employed individuals or contractors who are working on-site on this business's R&D projects.

'Outsourced R&D ' refers to
Payments made within or outside Canada to other businesses, organizations or individuals to fund R&D performance:

• grants
• fellowships
• contracts.

In-house research and development ( R&D ) expenditures

3. In 2023, did this business have expenditures for R&D performed in-house within Canada?

Exclude payments for outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D, which should be reported in question 9.

In-house refers to R&D which is performed on-site or within the business's establishment. Exclude R&D expenses performed by other companies or organizations. A later question will collect these data.

Research and experimental development ( R&D ) comprise creative and systematic work undertaken in order to increase the stock of knowledge - including knowledge of humankind, culture and society - and to devise new applications of available knowledge.

R&D is performed in the natural sciences, engineering, social sciences and humanities. There are three types of R&D activities: basic research, applied research and experimental development.

Research work in the social sciences

Include if projects are employing new or significantly different modelling techniques or developing new formulae, analyzing data not previously available or applying new research techniques, development of community strategies for disease prevention, or health education.

Exclude:

• routine analytical projects using standard techniques and existing data
• routine market research
• routine statistical analysis intended for on-going monitoring of an activity.
  • Yes
  • No

4. In 2023, what were this business's expenditures for R&D performed in-house within Canada?

Exclude payments for outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D, which should be reported in question 9.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

In-house R&D expenditures are composed of current in-house R&D expenditures and capital in-house R&D expenditures.

Current in-house R&D expenditures

Include:

• wages, salaries, benefits and fringe benefits, materials and supplies
• services to support R&D, including on-site R&D consultants and contractors
• necessary background literature
• minor scientific equipment
• associated administrative overhead costs.

a. Wages, salaries of permanent, temporary and casual R&D employees

Include benefits and fringe benefits of employees engaged in R&D activities. Benefits and fringe benefits include bonus payments, holiday or vacation pay, pension fund contributions, other social security payments, payroll taxes, etc.

b. Services to support R&D

Include:

• payments to on-site R&D consultants and contractors working under the direct control of your business
• other services including indirect services purchased to support in-house R&D such as security, storage, repair, maintenance and use of buildings and equipment
• computer services, software licensing fees and dissemination of R&D findings.

c. R&D materials

Include:

• water, fuel, gas and electricity
• materials for creation of prototypes
• reference materials (books, journals, etc.)
• subscriptions to libraries and data bases, memberships to scientific societies, etc.
• cost of outsourced (contracted out or granted) small R&D prototypes or R&D models
• materials for laboratories (chemicals, animal, etc.)
• all other R&D -related materials.

d. All other current R&D costs including overhead

Include administrative and overhead costs (e.g., office, lease/rent, post and telecommunications, internet, legal expenditures, insurance), prorated if necessary to allow for non- R&D activities within the business.

Exclude:

• interest charges
• value-added taxes (goods and services tax (GST) or harmonized sales tax (HST)).

Capital in-house expenditures are the annual gross amount paid for the acquisition of fixed assets that are used repeatedly, or continuously in the performance of R&D for more than one year. Report capital in-house expenditures in full for the period when they occurred.

Include costs for software, land, buildings and structures, equipment, machinery and other capital costs.

Exclude capital depreciation.

e. Software

Include applications and systems software (original, customized and off-the-shelf software), supporting documentation and other software-related acquisitions.

f. Land acquired for R&D including testing grounds, sites for laboratories and pilot plants.

g. Buildings and structures that are constructed or purchased for R&D activities or that have undergone major improvements, modifications, renovations and repairs for R&D activities.

h. Equipment, machinery and all other capital

Include major equipment, machinery and instruments, including embedded software, acquired for R&D activities.

In 2023, what were this business's expenditures for R&D performed in-house within Canada?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	CAN$ '000
2023 — Current in-house R&D expenditures within Canada
Wages, salaries of permanent, temporary and casual R&D employees Include fringe benefits.
Services to support R&D Include services of self-employed individuals or contractors who are working on-site on this business's R&D projects. Exclude contracted out or granted expenditures to other organizations to perform R&D (report in question 9).
R&D materials
All other current R&D costs Include overhead costs.
2023 — Total current in-house R&D expenditures within Canada
2023 — Capital in-house R&D expenditures within Canada
Software Exclude capital depreciation.
Land Exclude capital depreciation.
Buildings and structures Exclude capital depreciation.
Equipment, machinery and all other capital Exclude capital depreciation.
2023 — Total capital in-house R&D expenditures within Canada
2023 — Total in-house R&D expenditures within Canada

5. In 2024 and 2025, does this business plan to have expenditures for R&D performed in-house within Canada?

Exclude payments for outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D, which should be reported in question 11.

Select all that apply

In-house R&D expenditures are composed of current in-house R&D expenditures and capital in-house R&D expenditures.

Research and experimental development ( R&D ) comprise creative and systematic work undertaken in order to increase the stock of knowledge - including knowledge of humankind, culture and society - and to devise new applications of available knowledge

Inclusions

Prototypes
Include design, construction and operation of prototypes, provided that the primary objective is to make further improvements or to undertake technical testing.
Exclude if the prototype is for commercial purposes.

Clinical Trials
Include clinical trial phases 1, 2, and 3. Include clinical trial phase 4 only if it brings about a further scientific or technological advance.

Pilot plants
Include construction and operation of pilot plants, provided that the primary objective is to make further improvements or to undertake technical testing.
Exclude if the pilot plant is intended to be operated for commercial purposes.

New computer software or significant improvements/modifications to existing computer software
Includes technological or scientific advances in theoretical computer sciences; operating systems e.g., improvement in interface management, developing new operating system of converting an existing operating system to a significantly different hardware environment; programming languages; and applications if a significant technological change occurs.

Contracts
Include all contracts which require R&D. For contracts which include other work, report only the R&D costs.

Research work in the social sciences
Include if projects are employing new or significantly different modelling techniques or developing new formulae, analyzing data not previously available or applying new research techniques, development of community strategies for disease prevention, analysis of the effectiveness of health interventions, or health education.

Exclusions

Routine analysis in the social sciences including policy-related studies, management studies and efficiency studies
Exclude analytical projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies, principles and models of the related social sciences to bear on a particular problem (e.g., commentary on the probable economic effects of a change in the tax structure, using existing economic data; use of standard techniques in applied psychology to select and classify industrial and military personnel, students, etc., and to test children with reading or other disabilities).

Consumer surveys, advertising, market research
Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended for commercialization of the results of R&D.

Routine quality control and testing
Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies not intended to create new knowledge, even if carried out by personnel normally engaged in R&D.

Pre-production activities such as demonstration of commercial viability, tooling up, trial production, trouble shooting
Although R&D may be required as a result of these steps, these activities are excluded.

Prospecting, exploratory drilling, development of mines, oil or gas wells
Include only if for R&D projects concerned with new equipment or techniques in these activities, such as in-situ and tertiary recovery research.

Engineering
Exclude engineering unless it is in direct support of R&D.

Design and drawing
Exclude design and drawing unless it is in direct support of R&D.

Patent and licence work
Exclude all administrative and legal work connected with patents and licences.

Cosmetic modifications or style changes to existing products
Exclude if no significant technical improvement or modification to the existing products has occurred.

General purpose or routine data collection
Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended for on-going monitoring of an activity.

Routine computer programming, systems maintenance or software application
Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended to support on-going operations.

Routine mathematical or statistical analysis or operations analysis
Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended for on-going monitoring of an activity.

Activities associated with standards compliance
Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended to support standards compliance.

Specialized routine medical care such as routine pathology services
Exclude projects of a routine nature, with established methodologies intended for on-going monitoring of an activity where results do not further scientific, technological advance, or understanding of the effectiveness of a technology.

• In 2024
• In 2025
• No planned in-house R&D expenditures

6. In 2024, what are this business's planned expenditures for R&D performed in-house within Canada?

Exclude payments for outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D, which should be reported in question 11.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

In 2024, what are this business's planned expenditures for R&D performed in-house within Canada?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	CAN$ '000
2024 — Total current in-house R&D expenditures within Canada
2024 — Total capital in-house R&D expenditures within Canada

7. In 2025, what are this business's planned expenditures for R&D performed in-house within Canada?

Exclude payments for outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D, which should be reported in question 11.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

In 2025, what are this business's planned expenditures for R&D performed in-house within Canada?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	CAN$ '000
2025 — Total current in-house R&D expenditures within Canada
2025 — Total capital in-house R&D expenditures within Canada

Outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures

8. In 2023, did this business have outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures within Canada or outside Canada?

Include:

• funding or grants provided to other organizations to perform R&D
• contracted out expenditures for R&D.

Exclude services of self-employed individuals or contractors who are working on-site on this business's R&D projects, which should be reported in question 4.

Select all that apply.

Outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures are payments made through contracts, grants and fellowships to another company, organization or individual to purchase R&D activities.

• Within Canada
• Outside Canada
• No payment made to others to perform R&D

9. In 2023, what were this business's outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures within Canada or outside Canada?

Include:

• funding or grants provided to other organizations to perform R&D
• contracted out expenditures for R&D.

Exclude services of self-employed individuals or contractors who are working on-site on this business's R&D projects, which should be reported in question 4.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Include payments made through contracts, grants, donations and fellowships to another company, organization or individual to purchase or fund R&D activities.

Exclude expenditures for on-site R&D contractors.

Parent and subsidiary companies are companies connected to each other through majority ownership of the subsidiary company by the parent company. Affiliated companies are companies connected to a parent through minority ownership of the affiliated companies by the parent.

Companies include all incorporated for-profit businesses and government business enterprises providing products in the market at market rates.

Private non-profit organizations include voluntary health organizations, private philanthropic foundations, associations, consortia, accelerators, and societies and research institutes. They are not-for-profit organizations that serve the public interest by supporting activities related to public welfare (such as health, education, the environment).

Industrial research institutes or associations include all non-profit organizations that serve the business sector, with industrial associations frequently consisting of their membership.

Universities include hospitals and clinics when they are affiliated with a university and provide education services or when R&D activity is under the direct control of a university.

Federal government includes all federal government departments and agencies. It excludes federal government business enterprises providing products in the market.

Provincial or territorial governments include all provincial or territorial government ministries, departments and agencies. It excludes provincial or territorial government business enterprises providing products in the market.

Provincial or territorial research organizations are organizations created under provincial or territorial law which conduct or facilitate research on behalf of the province or territory.

Other organizations - individuals, non-university educational institutions, for profit accelerators and incubators, foreign governments including ministries, departments and agencies of foreign governments.

In 2023, what were this business's outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures within Canada or outside Canada?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	Within Canada CAN$ '000	Outside Canada CAN$ '000
Parent, affiliated and subsidiary companies
Other companies
Private non-profit organizations
Industrial research institutes or associations
Hospitals
Universities
Federal government departments and agencies
Provincial or territorial government departments, ministries and agencies
Provincial or territorial research organizations
Other organizations e.g., individuals, non-university educational institutions, foreign governments
2023 — Total outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures

10. In 2024 and 2025, does this business plan to outsource (contract out or grant) R&D expenditures within Canada or outside Canada?

Include:

• funding or grants provided to other organizations to perform R&D
• contracted out expenditures for R&D.

Exclude services of self-employed individuals or contractors who are working on-site on this business's R&D projects, which should be reported in questions 6 and 7.

Select all that apply.

Outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures are payments made through contracts, grants and fellowships to another company, organization or individual to purchase R&D activities.

• In 2024
• In 2025
• No planned payments to others to perform R&D

11. In 2024 and 2025, what are this business's planned outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures within Canada or outside Canada?

Include:

• funding or grants provided to other organizations to perform R&D
• contracted out expenditures for R&D.

Exclude services of self-employed individuals or contractors who are working on-site on this business's R&D projects, which should be reported in questions 6 and 7.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Include payments made through contracts, licenses, grants, donations, endowments and fellowships to another company, university, hospital, consortia, organization or individual to purchase or fund R&D activities.

Exclude expenditures for on-site R&D contractors.

In 2024 and 2025, what are this business's planned outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures within Canada or outside Canada?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	Within Canada CAN$ '000	Outside Canada CAN$ '000
a. 2024
b. 2025

In-house and Outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures from 2023 to 2025

12. Summary of total R&D expenditures from 2023 to 2025

12. Summary of total R&D expenditures from 2023 to 2025
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	2023 CAN$ '000	2024 CAN$ '000	2025 CAN$ '000
Total current in-house R&D expenditures within Canada
Total capital in-house R&D expenditures within Canada
Total in-house R&D expenditures within Canada
Total outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures
Total R&D expenditures

Geographic distribution of in-house R&D expenditures within Canada in 2023

13. In 2023, in which provinces or territories did this business have expenditures for R&D performed in-house?

Exclude:

• payments for outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D, which should be reported in question 9
• capital depreciation.

Select all that apply.

• Newfoundland and Labrador
• Prince Edward Island
• Nova Scotia
• New Brunswick
• Quebec
• Ontario
• Manitoba
• Saskatchewan
• Alberta
• British Columbia
• Yukon
• Northwest Territories
• Nunavut

14. In 2023, how were this business's total expenditures for R&D performed in-house distributed by province or territory?

Exclude:

• payments for outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D, which should be reported in question 9
• capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

For in-house R&D activities on federal lands, please include in the closest province or territory.

In 2023, how were this business's total expenditures for R&D performed in-house distributed by province or territory?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	Current in-house R&D expenditures CAN$ '000	Capital in-house R&D expenditures CAN$ '000
Newfoundland and Labrador
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Yukon
Northwest Territories
Nunavut
2023 — Total current and capital in-house R&D expenditures
2023 — Total current and capital in-house R&D expenditures previously reported from question 4

Sources of funds for in-house R&D expenditures in 2023

15. In 2023, what were the sources of funds for this business's total expenditures for R&D performed in-house?

Include Canadian and foreign sources.

Exclude:

• payments for outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D, which should be reported in question 9.
• capital depreciation.

Select all that apply.

Funds from this business
Amount contributed by this business to R&D performed within Canada (include amounts eligible for income tax purposes, e.g., Scientific Research and Experimental Development (SR-ED) program, other amounts spent for projects not claimed through SR-ED, and funds for land, buildings, machinery and equipment (capital expenditures) purchased for R&D).

Funds from parent, affiliated and subsidiary companies
Amount received from parent, affiliated and subsidiary companies used to perform R&D within Canada (include amounts eligible for income tax purposes, e.g., Scientific Research and Experimental Development (SR-ED) program, other amounts spent for projects not claimed through SR-ED, and funds for land, buildings, machinery and equipment (capital expenditures) purchased for R&D).

R&D contract work for other companies
Funds received from other companies to perform R&D on their behalf.

Federal government grants or funding
Grants or funds received from the federal government in support of R&D activities not connected to a specific contractual deliverable.

Federal government contracts
Funds received from the federal government in support of R&D activities connected to a specific contractual deliverable.

Provincial or territorial government grants or funding
Grants or funds received from the provincial or territorial government in support of R&D activities not connected to a specific contractual deliverable.

Provincial or territorial government contracts
Funds received from the provincial or territorial government in support of R&D activities connected to a specific contractual deliverable.

R&D contract work for private non-profit organizations
Funds received from non-profit organizations to perform R&D on their behalf.

Other sources
Funds received from all other sources not previously classified.

• Funds from this business
  Include interest payments, other income and funding or tax credits from tax incentives.
• Funds from parent, affiliated and subsidiary companies
• Federal government grants or funding
  Include R&D grants or funding or R&D portion only of other grants or funding. Do not include funds or tax credits from SR&ED tax incentives.
• Federal government contracts
  Include R&D contracts or R&D portion only of other contracts.
• R&D contract work for other companies
• Provincial or territorial government grants or funding
  Include R&D grants or funding or R&D portion only of other grants or funding.
• From which province or territory did this business receive provincial or territorial government R&D grants or funding?
  Select all that apply.
  • Newfoundland and Labrador
  • Prince Edward Island
  • Nova Scotia
  • New Brunswick
  • Quebec
  • Ontario
  • Manitoba
  • Saskatchewan
  • Alberta
  • British Columbia
  • Yukon
  • Northwest Territories
  • Nunavut
• Provincial or territorial government contracts
  Include R&D contracts or R&D portion only of other contracts.
• From which province or territory did this business receive provincial or territorial government R&D contracts?
  Select all that apply.
  • Newfoundland and Labrador
  • Prince Edward Island
  • Nova Scotia
  • New Brunswick
  • Quebec
  • Ontario
  • Manitoba
  • Saskatchewan
  • Alberta
  • British Columbia
  • Yukon
  • Northwest Territories
  • Nunavut
• R&D contract work for private non-profit organizations
• Other sources -e.g., universities, foreign governments, individuals

16. In 2023, what were the sources of funds for this business's total expenditures of $ [Amount] for R&D performed in-house?

Exclude:

• payments for outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D, which should be reported in question 9
• capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Funds from this business
Amount contributed by this business to R&D performed within Canada (include amounts eligible for income tax purposes, e.g., Scientific Research and Experimental Development ( SR-ED ) program, other amounts spent for projects not claimed through SR-ED, and funds for land, buildings, machinery and equipment (capital expenditures) purchased for R&D ).

Funds from parent, affiliated and subsidiary companies
Amount received from parent, affiliated and subsidiary companies used to perform R&D within Canada (include amounts eligible for income tax purposes, e.g., Scientific Research and Experimental Development ( SR-ED ) program, other amounts spent for projects not claimed through SR-ED, and funds for land, buildings, machinery and equipment (capital expenditures) purchased for R&D ).

R&D contract work for other companies
Funds received from other companies to perform R&D on their behalf.

Federal government grants or funding
Grants or funds received from the federal government in support of R&D activities not connected to a specific contractual deliverable.

Federal government contracts
Funds received from the federal government in support of R&D activities connected to a specific contractual deliverable.

Provincial or territorial government grants or funding
Grants or funds received from the provincial or territorial government in support of R&D activities not connected to a specific contractual deliverable.

Provincial or territorial government contracts
Funds received from the provincial or territorial government in support of R&D activities connected to a specific contractual deliverable.

R&D contract work for private non-profit organizations
Funds received from non-profit organizations to perform R&D on their behalf.

Other sources
Funds received from all other sources not previously classified.

In 2023, what were the sources of funds for this business's total expenditures of $ [Amount] for R&D performed in-house?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	From within Canada CAN$ '000	From outside Canada CAN$ '000
Funds from this business Include interest payments, other income and funding or tax credits from tax incentives.
Funds from parent, affiliated and subsidiary companies
Federal government grants or funding Include R&D grants or funding or R&D portion only of other grants or funding.
Federal government contracts Include R&D contracts or R&D portion only of other contracts.
R&D contract work for other companies
Business 1 GST number (9-digit business number (BN) or charitable registration number) Legal name
Business 2 GST number (9-digit business number (BN) or charitable registration number) Legal name
Business 3 GST number (9-digit business number (BN) or charitable registration number) Legal name
Business 4 GST number (9-digit business number (BN) or charitable registration number) Legal name
Other contracts not listed above
Provincial or territorial government grants or funding Include R&D grants or funding or R&D portion only of other grants or funding.
Newfoundland and Labrador
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Yukon
Northwest Territories
Nunavut
Provincial or territorial government contracts Include R&D contracts or R&D portion only of other contracts.
Newfoundland and Labrador
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Quebec
ab. Ontario
ac. Manitoba
ad. Saskatchewan
ae. Alberta
af. British Columbia
ag. Yukon
ah. Northwest Territories
ai. Nunavut
R&D contract work for private non-profit organizations
aj. Organization 1 GST number (9-digit business number (BN) or charitable registration number) Legal name
ak. Organization 2 GST number (9-digit business number (BN) or charitable registration number) Legal name
al. Organization 3 GST number (9-digit business number (BN) or charitable registration number) Legal name
am. Other sources e.g., universities, foreign governments, individuals
2023 — Total in-house R&D expenditures by sources of funds by origin
2023 — Total in-house R&D expenditures (Canadian and foreign sources)
Total in-house R&D expenditures previously reported from question 4

Fields of R&D for in-house R&D expenditures within Canada in 2023

17. In 2023, in which field(s) of research and development did this business have R&D performed in-house within Canada?
Exclude:

• payments for outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D, which should be reported in question 9
• capital depreciation.

Select all that apply.

Natural and formal sciences: physical sciences, chemical sciences, earth and related environmental sciences, biological sciences, other natural sciences.

Engineering and technology: civil engineering, electrical engineering, electronic engineering and communications technology, mechanical engineering, chemical engineering, materials engineering, medical engineering, environmental engineering, environmental biotechnology, industrial biotechnology, nanotechnology, other engineering and technologies.

Software-related sciences and technology: software engineering and technology, computer sciences, information technology and bioinformatics.

Medical and health sciences: basic medicine, clinical medicine, health sciences, medical biotechnology, other medical sciences.

Agricultural sciences: agriculture, forestry and fisheries sciences, animal and dairy sciences, veterinary sciences, agricultural biotechnology, other agricultural sciences.

Social sciences and humanities: psychology, educational sciences, economics and business, other social sciences, humanities.

• Natural and formal sciences
  Exclude computer sciences, information sciences and bioinformatics.
• Engineering and technology
  Exclude software engineering and technology.
• Software-related sciences and technology
• Medical and health sciences
• Agricultural sciences
• Social sciences and humanities

18. In 2023, how were this business's total expenditures of $ [Amount] for R&D performed in-house within Canada distributed by field(s) of research and development?

Exclude:

• payments for outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D, which should be reported in question 9
• capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Natural and formal sciences

Mathematics: pure mathematics, applied mathematics, statistics and probability.

Physical sciences: atomic, molecular and chemical physics, interaction with radiation, magnetic resonances, condensed matter physics, solid state physics and superconductivity, particles and fields physics, nuclear physics, fluids and plasma physics (including surface physics), optics (including laser optics and quantum optics), acoustics, astronomy (including astrophysics, space science).

Chemical sciences: organic chemistry, inorganic and nuclear chemistry, physical chemistry, polymer science and plastics, electrochemistry (dry cells, batteries, fuel cells, metal corrosion, electrolysis), colloid chemistry, analytical chemistry.

Earth and related environmental sciences: geosciences, geophysics, mineralogy and palaeontology, geochemistry and geophysics, physical geography, geology and volcanology, environmental sciences, meteorology, atmospheric sciences and climatic research, oceanography, hydrology and water resources.

Biological sciences: cell biology, microbiology and virology, biochemistry, molecular biology and biochemical research, mycology, biophysics, genetics and heredity (medical genetics under medical biotechnology), reproductive biology (medical aspects under medical biotechnology), developmental biology, plant sciences and botany, zoology, ornithology, entomology and behavioural sciences biology, marine biology, freshwater biology and limnology, ecology and biodiversity conservation, biology (theoretical, thermal, cryobiology, biological rhythm), evolutionary biology.

Other natural sciences: other natural sciences.

Engineering and technology

Civil engineering: civil engineering, architecture engineering, municipal and structural engineering, transport engineering.

Electrical engineering, electronic engineering and communications technology: electrical and electronic engineering, robotics and automatic control, micro-electronics, semiconductors, automation and control systems, communication engineering and systems, telecommunications, computer hardware and architecture.

Mechanical engineering: mechanical engineering, applied mechanics, thermodynamics, aerospace engineering, nuclear-related engineering (nuclear physics under Physical sciences), acoustical engineering, reliability analysis and non-destructive testing, automotive and transportation engineering and manufacturing, tooling, machinery and equipment engineering and manufacturing, heating, ventilation and air conditioning engineering and manufacturing.

Chemical engineering: chemical engineering (plants, products), chemical process engineering.

Materials engineering: materials engineering and metallurgy, ceramics, coating and films (including packaging and printing), plastics, rubber and composites (including laminates and reinforced plastics), paper and wood and textiles, construction materials (organic and inorganic).

Medical engineering: medical and biomedical engineering, medical laboratory technology (excluding biomaterials which should be reported under Industrial biotechnology).

Environmental engineering: environmental and geological engineering, petroleum engineering (fuel, oils), energy and fuels, remote sensing, mining and mineral processing, marine engineering, sea vessels and ocean engineering.

Environmental biotechnology: environmental biotechnology, bioremediation, diagnostic biotechnologies in environmental management (DNA chips and bio-sensing devices).

Industrial biotechnology: industrial biotechnology, bioprocessing technologies, biocatalysis and fermentation bioproducts (products that are manufactured using biological material as feedstock), biomaterials (bioplastics, biofuels, bio-derived bulk and fine chemicals, bio-derived materials).

Nanotechnology: nano-materials (production and properties), nano-processes (applications on nano-scale).

Other engineering and technologies: food and beverages, oenology, other engineering and technologies.

Software-related sciences and technologies

Software engineering and technology: computer software engineering, computer software technology, and other related computer software engineering and technologies.

Computer sciences: computer science, artificial intelligence, cryptography, and other related computer sciences.

Information technology and bioinformatics: information technology, informatics, bioinformatics, biomathematics, and other related information technologies.

Medical and health sciences

Basic medicine: anatomy and morphology (plant science under Biological science), human genetics, immunology, neurosciences, pharmacology and pharmacy and medicinal chemistry, toxicology, physiology and cytology, pathology.

Clinical medicine: andrology, obstetrics and gynaecology, paediatrics, cardiac and cardiovascular systems, haematology, anaesthesiology, orthopaedics, radiology and nuclear medicine, dentistry, oral surgery and medicine, dermatology, venereal diseases and allergy, rheumatology, endocrinology and metabolism and gastroenterology, urology and nephrology, and oncology.

Health sciences: health care sciences and nursing, nutrition and dietetics, parasitology, infectious diseases and epidemiology, occupational health.

Medical biotechnology: health-related biotechnology, technologies involving the manipulation of cells, tissues, organs or the whole organism, technologies involving identifying the functioning of DNA, proteins and enzymes, pharmacogenomics, gene-based therapeutics, biomaterials (related to medical implants, devices, sensors).

Other medical sciences: forensic science, other medical sciences.

Other medical sciences: forensic science, other medical sciences.

Agricultural sciences

Agriculture, forestry and fisheries sciences: agriculture, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, soil science, horticulture, viticulture, agronomy, plant breeding and plant protection.

Animal and dairy sciences: animal and dairy science, animal husbandry.

Veterinary sciences: veterinary science (all).

Agricultural biotechnology: agricultural biotechnology and food biotechnology, genetically modified (GM) organism technology and livestock cloning, diagnostics (DNA chips and biosensing devices), biomass feedstock production technologies and biopharming.

Other agricultural sciences: other agricultural sciences.

Social sciences and humanities

Psychology: cognitive psychology and psycholinguistics, experimental psychology, psychometrics and quantitative psychology, and other fields of psychology.

Educational sciences: education, training and other related educational sciences.

Economics and business: micro-economics, macro-economics, econometrics, labour economics, financial economics, business economics, entrepreneurial and business administration, management and operations, management sciences, finance, pharmacoeconomics, and all other related fields of economics and business.

Other social sciences: anthropology (social and cultural) and ethnology, demography, geography (human, economic and social), planning (town, city and country), management, organisation and methods (excluding market research unless new methods/techniques are developed), law, linguistics, political sciences, sociology, miscellaneous social sciences and interdisciplinary, and methodological and historical science and technology activities relating to subjects in this group.

Humanities: history (history, prehistory and history, together with auxiliary historical disciplines such as archaeology, numismatics, palaeography, genealogy, etc.), languages and literature (ancient and modern), other humanities (philosophy (including the history of science and technology)), arts (history of art, art criticism, painting, sculpture, musicology, dramatic art excluding artistic "research" of any kind), religion, theology, other fields and subjects pertaining to the humanities, and methodological, historical and other science and technology activities relating to the subjects in this group.

In 2023, how were this business's total expenditures of $ [Amount] for R&D performed in-house within Canada distributed by field(s) of research and development?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	CAN$ '000
Natural and formal sciences Exclude computer sciences, information technology and bioinformatics (to be reported at lines s. and t.)
Mathematics
Physical sciences
Chemical sciences
Earth and related environmental sciences
Biological sciences
Other natural sciences
Total natural and formal sciences
Engineering and technology Exclude: software engineering and technology (to be reported at line r.)
Civil engineering
Electrical engineering, electronic engineering and communications technology
Mechanical engineering
Chemical engineering
Materials engineering
Medical engineering
Environmental engineering
Environmental biotechnology
Industrial biotechnology
Nanotechnology
Other engineering and technologies
Total engineering and technology
Software-related sciences and technology
Software engineering and technology
Computer sciences
Information technology and bioinformatics
Total software-related sciences and technology
Medical and health sciences
Basic medicine
Clinical medicine
Health sciences
Medical biotechnology
Other medical sciences
Total medical and health sciences
Agricultural sciences
Agriculture, forestry and fisheries sciences
Animal and dairy sciences
ab. Veterinary sciences
ac. Agricultural biotechnology
ad. Other agricultural sciences
Total agricultural sciences
Social sciences and humanities
ae. Psychology
af. Educational sciences
ag. Economics and business
ah. Other social sciences
ai. Humanities
Total social sciences and humanities
2023 — Total in-house R&D expenditures within Canada by field of research and development
Total in-house R&D expenditures previously reported from question 4

19. Summary of 2023 total in-house R&D expenditures within Canada distributed by field(s) of research and development.

19. Summary of 2023 total in-house R&D expenditures within Canada distributed by field(s) of research and development.
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	CAN$ '000
Total natural and formal sciences
Total engineering and technology
Total software-related sciences and technology
Total medical and health sciences
Total agricultural sciences
Total social sciences and humanities
Total in-house R&D expenditures within Canada by fields of research and development

Nature of R&D for in-house R&D expenditures within Canada in 2023

20. In 2023, how were this business's total expenditures for R&D performed in-house within Canada of $ [Amount] distributed by nature of R&D?

Basic research is experimental or theoretical work undertaken primarily to acquire new knowledge of the underlying foundation of phenomena and observable facts, without any particular application or use in view.

Applied research is original investigation undertaken in order to acquire new knowledge. It is, however, directed primarily towards a specific, practical aim or objective.

Experimental development is systematic work, drawing on knowledge gained from research and practical experience and producing additional knowledge, which is directed to producing new products or processes or to improving existing products or processes.
(OECD. Frascati Manual: Proposed Standard for Surveys on Research and Experimental Development, 2015)

In 2023, how were this business's total expenditures for R&D performed in-house within Canada of $ [Amount] distributed by nature of R&D?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	Percentage of total in-house R&D expenditures
Basic research
Applied research
Experimental development
Total percentage

Results of R&D expenditures from 2021 to 2023

21. During the three (3) years 2021, 2022 and 2023, did this business's total expenditures for R&D performed in-house and outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada or outside Canada lead to new or significant improvements to the following?

Goods
Goods developed through new knowledge from research discoveries include determination of effectiveness of existing treatment protocols, establishment of new treatment protocols (including diagnostic procedures, tests and protocols), and creation of new service delivery models and reference tools (including electronic applications).

During the three (3) years 2021, 2022 and 2023, did this business's total expenditures for R&D performed in-house and outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada or outside Canada lead to new or significant improvements to the following?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	Yes	No
Goods Include goods developed through new knowledge from research discoveries
Services Include on-going knowledge transfer to physicians, first responders, patients and the general public.
Methods of manufacturing or producing goods and services
Logistics, delivery or distribution methods for this business's inputs, goods or services
Supporting activities for this business's processes, such as maintenance systems or operations for purchasing, accounting or computing

Energy-related R&D by area of technology

22. In 2023, did this business's total in-house and outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures include energy-related R&D in the following categories?

1. Fossil fuels: crude oils and natural gas exploration, crude oils and natural gas production, oil sands and heavy crude oils surface and sub-surface production and separation of the bitumen, tailings management, refining, processing and upgrading, coal production, separation and processing, transportation of fossil fuels.
2. Renewable energy resources: solar photovoltaics (PV), solar thermal-power and high-temperature applications, solar heating and cooling, wind energy, bio-energy - biomass production, bio-energy - biomass conversion to fuels, bio-energy - biomass conversion to heat and electricity, and other bio-energy, small hydro (less than 10 MW), large hydro (greater than or equal to 10 MW), other renewable energy.
3. Nuclear: materials exploration, mining and preparation, tailings management, nuclear reactors, other fission, fusion.
4. Electric power: generation in utility sector, combined heat and power in industry and in buildings, electricity transmission, distribution and storage of electricity.
5. Hydrogen and fuel cells: hydrogen production for process applications, hydrogen production for transportation applications, hydrogen transport and storage, other hydrogen, fuel cells, both stationary and mobile.
6. Energy efficiency: industry, residential and commercial, transportation, other energy efficiency.
7. Other energy-related technologies: carbon capture, transportation and storage for fossil fuel production and processing, electric power generation, industry in end-use sector, energy systems analysis, all other energy-related technologies.

In 2023, did this business's total in-house and outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures include energy-related R&D in the following categories?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	Yes	No
Fossil fuels
Renewable energy resources
Nuclear fission and fusion
Electric power
Hydrogen and fuel cells
Energy efficiency
Other energy-related technologies

Energy-related R&D by area of technology — Fossil fuels

23. In 2023, did this business's total in-house and outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures include fossil fuels-related R&D in the following categories?

Select all that apply.

Crude oils and natural gas exploration:
Includes development of advanced exploration methods (geophysical, geochemical, seismic, magnetic) for on-shore and off-shore prospecting.

Crude oil and natural gas production (including enhanced recovery) and storage:
Includes on-shore and off-shore deep drilling equipment and techniques for conventional oil and gas, secondary and tertiary recovery of oil and gas, hydro fracturing techniques, processing and cleaning of raw product, storage on remote platforms (e.g., Arctic, off-shore), safety aspects of off-shore platforms.

Oil sands and heavy crude oils surface and sub-surface production and separation of the bitumen, tailings management:
Includes surface and in-situ production (e.g., SAGD), tailings management.

Refining, processing and upgrading:
Includes processing of natural gas to pipeline specifications, and refining of conventional crude oils to refined petroleum products (RPPs), and the upgrading of bitumen and heavy oils either to synthetic crude oil or to RPPs. Upgrading may be done at an oil sands plant, regional merchant upgraders or integrated into a refinery producing RPPs.

Coal production, separation and processing:
Includes coal, lignite and peat exploration, deposit evaluation techniques, mining techniques, separation techniques, coking and blending, other processing such as coal to liquids, underground (in-situ) gasification.

Transportation of fossil fuels:
Includes transport of gaseous, liquid and solid hydrocarbons via pipelines (land and submarine) and their network evaluation, safety aspects of LNG transport and storage.

• Crude oils and natural gas exploration
• Crude oils and natural gas production and storage

Include enhanced recovery natural gas production.

• Oil sands and heavy crude oil surface and sub-surface production and separation of bitumen, tailings management
• Refining, processing and upgrading of fossil fuels
• Coal production, separation and processing
• Transportation of fossil fuels
• None of the above

Energy-related R&D by area of technology

Report all 2023 R&D expenditures for fossil fuels within this reporting unit.

24. In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on crude oils and natural gas exploration?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Crude oils and natural gas exploration:

Include development of advanced exploration methods (geophysical, geochemical, seismic, magnetic) for on-shore and off-shore prospecting.

In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on crude oils and natural gas exploration?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	CAN$ '000
Funds from this business
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)
All other Canadian sources of funds
All foreign sources of funds
Total in-house R&D
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada
Total outsourced R&D

Report all 2023 R&D expenditures for fossil fuels within this reporting unit.

25. In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on crude oils and natural gas production and storage?

Include enhanced recovery.

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Crude oil and natural gas production (including enhanced recovery) and storage:

Include on-shore and off-shore deep drilling equipment and techniques for conventional oil and gas, secondary and tertiary recovery of oil and gas, hydro fracturing techniques, processing and cleaning of raw product, storage on remote platforms (e.g., Arctic, off-shore), safety aspects of off-shore platforms.

In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on crude oils and natural gas production and storage?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	CAN$ '000
Funds from this business
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)
All other Canadian sources of funds
All foreign sources of funds
Total in-house R&D
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada
Total outsourced R&D

Report all 2023 R&D expenditures for fossil fuels within this reporting unit.

26. In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on oil sands and heavy crude oil surface and sub-surface production and separation of bitumen, tailings management?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Oil sands and heavy crude oils surface and sub-surface production and separation of the bitumen, tailings management:

Include surface and in-situ production (e.g., SAGD), tailings management.

In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on oil sands and heavy crude oil surface and sub-surface production and separation of bitumen, tailings management?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	CAN$ '000
Funds from this business
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)
All other Canadian sources of funds
All foreign sources of funds
Total in-house R&D
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada
Total outsourced R&D

Report all 2023 R&D expenditures for fossil fuels within this reporting unit.

27. In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on refining, processing and upgrading of fossil fuels?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Refining, processing and upgrading:

Include processing of natural gas to pipeline specifications, and refining of conventional crude oils to refined petroleum products (RPPs), and the upgrading of bitumen and heavy oils either to synthetic crude oil or to RPPs. Upgrading may be done at an oil sands plant, regional merchant upgraders or integrated into a refinery producing RPPs.

In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on refining, processing and upgrading of fossil fuels?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	CAN$ '000
Funds from this business
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)
All other Canadian sources of funds
All foreign sources of funds
Total in-house R&D
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada
Total outsourced R&D

Report all 2023 R&D expenditures for fossil fuels within this reporting unit.

28. In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on coal production, separation and processing?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Coal production, separation and processing:

Include coal, lignite and peat exploration, deposit evaluation techniques, mining techniques, separation techniques, coking and blending, other processing such as coal to liquids, underground (in-situ) gasification.

In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on coal production, separation and processing?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	CAN$ '000
Funds from this business
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)
All other Canadian sources of funds
All foreign sources of funds
Total in-house R&D
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada
Total outsourced R&D

Report all 2023 R&D expenditures for fossil fuels within this reporting unit.

29. In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on transportation of fossil fuels?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Transportation of fossil fuels:

Include transport of gaseous, liquid and solid hydrocarbons via pipelines (land and submarine) and their network evaluation, safety aspects of LNG transport and storage.

In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on transportation of fossil fuels?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	CAN$ '000
Funds from this business
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)
All other Canadian sources of funds
All foreign sources of funds
Total in-house R&D
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada
Total outsourced R&D

Energy-related R&D by area of technology — Renewable energy resources

30. In 2023, did this business's total in-house and outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures include renewable energy resources-related R&D in the following categories?

Select all that apply.

Solar photovoltaics (PV):
Include solar cell development, PV-module development, PV-inverter development, building-integrated PV-modules, PV-system development, other.

Solar thermal-power and high-temperature applications:
Include solar chemistry, concentrating collector development, solar thermal power plants, high-temperature applications for heat and power.

Solar heating and cooling:
Include daylighting, passive and active solar heating and cooling, collector development, hot water preparation, combined-space heating, solar architecture, solar drying, solar-assisted ventilation, swimming pool heating, low-temperature process heating, other.

Wind energy:
Include technology development, such as blades, turbines, converters structures, system integration, other.

Bio-energy - Biomass production/supply and transport:
Include improvement of energy crops, research on bio-energy production potential and associated land-use effects, supply and transport of bio-solids, bio-liquids, biogas and bio-derived energy products (e.g., ethanol, biodiesel), compacting and baling, other.

Bio-energy - Biomass conversion to fuels:
Include conventional bio-fuels, cellulosic-derived alcohols, biomass gas-to-liquids, other energy-related products and by-products.

Bio-energy - Biomass conversion to heat and electricity:
Include bio-based heat, electricity and combined heat and power (CHP).
Exclude multi-firing with fossil fuels.

Other bio-energy:
Include recycling and the use of municipal, industrial and agricultural waste as energy not covered elsewhere.

Small hydro - (less than 10 MW):
Include plants with capacity below 10 MW.

Large hydro - (greater than or equal to 10 MW):
Include plants with capacity of 10 MW and above.

Other renewable energy:
Include hot dry rock, hydro-thermal, geothermal heat applications (including agriculture), tidal power, wave energy, ocean current power, ocean thermal power, other.

• Solar photovoltaics (PV)
• Solar thermal-power and high-temperature applications
• Solar heating and cooling
• Wind energy
• Bio-energy - biomass production and transportation
• Bio-energy - biomass conversion to transportation fuel
• Bio-energy - biomass conversion to heat and electricity
• Other bio-energy
• Small hydro (less than 10 MW)
• Large hydro (greater than or equal to 10 MW)
• Other renewable energy
  Include ocean and geothermal.
• None of the above

Energy-related R&D by area of technology

Report all 2023 R&D expenditures for renewable energy resources within this reporting unit.

31. In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on solar photovoltaics (PV)?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Solar photovoltaics (PV):

Include solar cell development, PV-module development, PV-inverter development, building-integrated PV-modules, PV-system development, other.

In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on solar photovoltaics (PV)?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	CAN$ '000
Funds from this business
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)
All other Canadian sources of funds
All foreign sources of funds
Total in-house R&D
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada
Total outsourced R&D

Report all 2023 R&D expenditures for renewable energy resources within this reporting unit.

32. In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on solar thermal-power and high-temperature applications?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Solar thermal-power and high-temperature applications:

Include solar chemistry, concentrating collector development, solar thermal power plants, high-temperature applications for heat and power.

In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on solar thermal-power and high-temperature applications?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	CAN$ '000
Funds from this business
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)
All other Canadian sources of funds
All foreign sources of funds
Total in-house R&D
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada
Total outsourced R&D

Report all 2023 R&D expenditures for renewable energy resources within this reporting unit.

33. In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on solar heating and cooling?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Solar heating and cooling:

Include daylighting, passive and active solar heating and cooling, collector development, hot water preparation, combined-space heating, solar architecture, solar drying, solar-assisted ventilation, swimming pool heating, low-temperature process heating, other.

In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on solar heating and cooling?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	CAN$ '000
Funds from this business
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)
All other Canadian sources of funds
All foreign sources of funds
Total in-house R&D
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada
Total outsourced R&D

Report all 2023 R&D expenditures for renewable energy resources within this reporting unit.

34. In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on wind energy?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Wind energy:

Include technology development, such as blades, turbines, converters structures, system integration, other.

In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on wind energy?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	CAN$ '000
Funds from this business
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)
All other Canadian sources of funds
All foreign sources of funds
Total in-house R&D
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada
Total outsourced R&D

Report all 2023 R&D expenditures for renewable energy resources within this reporting unit.

35. In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on bio-energy - biomass production and transport?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Bio-energy - Biomass production/supply and transport:

Include improvement of energy crops, research on bio-energy production potential and associated land-use effects, supply and transport of bio-solids, bio-liquids, biogas and bio-derived energy products (e.g., ethanol, biodiesel), compacting and baling, other.

In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on bio-energy - biomass production and transport?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	CAN$ '000
Funds from this business
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)
All other Canadian sources of funds
All foreign sources of funds
Total in-house R&D
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada
Total outsourced R&D

Report all 2023 R&D expenditures for renewable energy resources within this reporting unit.

36. In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on bio-energy - biomass conversion to transportation fuel?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Bio-energy - Biomass conversion to transportation fuel:

Include conventional bio-fuels, cellulosic-derived alcohols, biomass gas-to-liquids, other energy-related products and by-products.

In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on bio-energy - biomass conversion to transportation fuel?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	CAN$ '000
Funds from this business
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)
All other Canadian sources of funds
All foreign sources of funds
Total in-house R&D
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada
Total outsourced R&D

Report all 2023 R&D expenditures for renewable energy resources within this reporting unit.

37. In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on bio-energy - biomass conversion to heat and electricity?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Bio-energy - Biomass conversion to heat and electricity:

Include bio-based heat, electricity and combined heat and power (CHP).

Exclude multi-firing with fossil fuels.

In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on bio-energy - biomass conversion to heat and electricity?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	CAN$ '000
Funds from this business
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)
All other Canadian sources of funds
All foreign sources of funds
Total in-house R&D
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada
Total outsourced R&D

Report all 2023 R&D expenditures for renewable energy resources within this reporting unit.

38. In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on other bio-energy?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Other bio-energy:

Include recycling and the use of municipal, industrial and agricultural waste as energy not covered elsewhere.

In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on other bio-energy?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	CAN$ '000
Funds from this business
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)
All other Canadian sources of funds
All foreign sources of funds
Total in-house R&D
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada
Total outsourced R&D

Report all 2023 R&D expenditures for renewable energy resources within this reporting unit.

39. In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on small hydro (less than 10 MW)?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Small hydro - (less than 10 MW):

Include plants with capacity below 10 MW.

In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on small hydro (less than 10 MW)?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	CAN$ '000
Funds from this business
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)
All other Canadian sources of funds
All foreign sources of funds
Total in-house R&D
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada
Total outsourced R&D

Report all 2023 R&D expenditures for renewable energy resources within this reporting unit.

40. In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on large hydro (greater than or equal to 10 MW)?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Large hydro - (greater than or equal to 10 MW):

Include plants with capacity of 10 MW or greater.

In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on large hydro (greater than or equal to 10 MW)?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	CAN$ '000
Funds from this business
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)
All other Canadian sources of funds
All foreign sources of funds
Total in-house R&D
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada
Total outsourced R&D

Report all 2023 R&D expenditures for renewable energy resources within this reporting unit.

41. In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on other renewable energy?

Include ocean and geothermal.

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Other renewable energy:

Include hot dry rock, hydro-thermal, geothermal heat applications (including agriculture), tidal power, wave energy, ocean current power, ocean thermal power, other.

In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on other renewable energy?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	CAN$ '000
Funds from this business
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)
All other Canadian sources of funds
All foreign sources of funds
Total in-house R&D
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada
Total outsourced R&D

Energy-related R&D by area of technology — Nuclear fission and fusion

42. In 2023, did this business's total in-house and outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures include nuclear fission and fusion-related R&D in the following categories?

Select all that apply.

Exploration, mining and preparation, tailings management:
Include development of advanced exploration methods (geophysical, geochemical) for prospecting, ore surface and in-situ production, uranium and thorium extraction and conversion, enrichment, handling of tailings and remediation.

Nuclear reactors:
Include nuclear reactors of all types and related system components.

Other fission:
Include nuclear safety, environmental protection (emission reduction or avoidance), radiation protection and decommissioning of power plants and related nuclear fuel cycle installations, nuclear waste treatment, disposal and storage, fissile material recycling, fissile materials control, transport of radioactive materials.

Fusion:
Include all types (e.g., magnetic confinement, laser applications).

• Nuclear materials exploration, mining and preparation, tailings management
• Nuclear reactors
• Other fission
• Fusion
• None of the above

Energy-related R&D by area of technology

Report all 2023 R&D expenditures for nuclear fission and fusion within this reporting unit.

43. In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on nuclear materials exploration, mining and preparation, tailings management?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Exploration, mining and preparation, tailings management:

Include development of advanced exploration methods (geophysical, geochemical) for prospecting, ore surface and in-situ production, uranium and thorium extraction and conversion, enrichment, handling of tailings and remediation.

In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on nuclear materials exploration, mining and preparation, tailings management?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	CAN$ '000
Funds from this business
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)
All other Canadian sources of funds
All foreign sources of funds
Total in-house R&D
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada
Total outsourced R&D

Report all 2023 R&D expenditures for nuclear fission and fusion within this reporting unit.

44. In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on nuclear reactors?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Nuclear reactors:

Include nuclear reactors of all types and related system components.

In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on nuclear reactors?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	CAN$ '000
Funds from this business
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)
All other Canadian sources of funds
All foreign sources of funds
Total in-house R&D
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada
Total outsourced R&D

Report all 2023 R&D expenditures for nuclear fission and fusion within this reporting unit.

45. In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on other fission?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Other fission:

Include nuclear safety, environmental protection (emission reduction or avoidance), radiation protection and decommissioning of power plants and related nuclear fuel cycle installations, nuclear waste treatment, disposal and storage, fissile material recycling, fissile materials control, transport of radioactive materials.

In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on other fission?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	CAN$ '000
Funds from this business
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)
All other Canadian sources of funds
All foreign sources of funds
Total in-house R&D
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada
Total outsourced R&D

Report all 2023 R&D expenditures for nuclear fission and fusion within this reporting unit.

46. In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on fusion?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Fusion:

Include all types (e.g., magnetic confinement, laser applications).

In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on fusion?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	CAN$ '000
Funds from this business
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)
All other Canadian sources of funds
All foreign sources of funds
Total in-house R&D
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada
Total outsourced R&D

Energy-related R&D by area of technology — Electric power

47. In 2023, did this business's total in-house and outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures include electric power-related R&D in the following categories?

Select all that apply.

Electric power generation in utility sector:
Include conventional and non-conventional technology (e.g., pulverised coal, fluidised bed, gasification-combined cycle, supercritical), re-powering, retrofitting, life extensions and upgrading of power plants, generators and components, super-conductivity, magneto hydrodynamic, dry cooling towers, co-firing (e.g., with biomass), air and thermal pollution reduction or avoidance, flue gas cleanup (excluding CO2 removal), CHP (combined heat and power) not covered elsewhere.

Electric power - combined heat and power in industry, buildings:
Include industrial applications, small scale applications for buildings.

Electricity transmission, distribution and storage:
Include solid state power electronics, load management and control systems, network problems, super-conducting cables, AC and DC high voltage cables, HVDC transmission, other transmission and distribution related to integrating distributed and intermittent generating sources into networks, all storage (e.g., batteries, hydro reservoirs, fly wheels), other.

• Electric power generation in utility sector
• Electric power - combined heat and power in industry, buildings
• Electricity transmission, distribution and storage
• None of the above

Energy-related R&D by area of technology

Report all 2023 R&D expenditures for electric power within this reporting unit.

48. In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on electric power generation in utility sector?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Electric power generation in utility sector:

Include conventional and non-conventional technology (e.g., pulverised coal, fluidised bed, gasification-combined cycle, supercritical), re-powering, retrofitting, life extensions and upgrading of power plants, generators and components, super-conductivity, magneto hydrodynamic, dry cooling towers, co-firing (e.g., with biomass), air and thermal pollution reduction or avoidance, flue gas cleanup (excluding CO2 removal), CHP (combined heat and power) not covered elsewhere.

In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on electric power generation in utility sector?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	CAN$ '000
Funds from this business
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)
All other Canadian sources of funds
All foreign sources of funds
Total in-house R&D
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada
Total outsourced R&D

Report all 2023 R&D expenditures for electric power within this reporting unit.

49. In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on electric power - combined heat and power in industry, buildings?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Electric power - combined heat and power in industry, buildings:

Include industrial applications, small scale applications for buildings.

In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on electric power - combined heat and power in industry, buildings?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	CAN$ '000
Funds from this business
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)
All other Canadian sources of funds
All foreign sources of funds
Total in-house R&D
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada
Total outsourced R&D

Report all 2023 R&D expenditures for electric power within this reporting unit.

50. In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on electricity transmission, distribution and storage?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Electricity transmission, distribution and storage:

Include solid state power electronics, load management and control systems, network problems, super-conducting cables, AC and DC high voltage cables, HVDC transmission, other transmission and distribution related to integrating distributed and intermittent generating sources into networks, all storage (e.g., batteries, hydro reservoirs, fly wheels), other.

In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on electricity transmission, distribution and storage?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	CAN$ '000
Funds from this business
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)
All other Canadian sources of funds
All foreign sources of funds
Total in-house R&D
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada
Total outsourced R&D

Energy-related R&D by area of technology — Hydrogen and fuel cells

51. In 2023, did this business's total in-house and outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures include hydrogen and fuel cells-related R&D in the following categories?

Select all that apply.

Other hydrogen:
Include end uses (e.g., combustion), other infrastructure and systems R&D (refuelling stations).

Stationary fuel cells:
Include electricity generation, other stationary end-use.

Mobile fuel cells:
Include portable applications.

• Hydrogen production for process applications
• Hydrogen production for transportation applications
• Hydrogen transport and storage
• Other hydrogen
• Stationary fuel cells
• Mobile fuel cells
• None of the above

Energy-related R&D by area of technology

Report all 2023 R&D expenditures for hydrogen and fuel cells within this reporting unit.

52. In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on hydrogen production for process applications?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on hydrogen production for process applications?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	CAN$ '000
Funds from this business
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)
All other Canadian sources of funds
All foreign sources of funds
Total in-house R&D
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada
Total outsourced R&D

Report all 2023 R&D expenditures for hydrogen and fuel cells within this reporting unit.

53. In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on hydrogen production for transportation applications?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on hydrogen production for transportation applications?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	CAN$ '000
Funds from this business
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)
All other Canadian sources of funds
All foreign sources of funds
Total in-house R&D
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada
Total outsourced R&D

Report all 2023 R&D expenditures for hydrogen and fuel cells within this reporting unit.

54. In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on hydrogen transport and storage?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on hydrogen transport and storage?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	CAN$ '000
Funds from this business
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)
All other Canadian sources of funds
All foreign sources of funds
Total in-house R&D
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada
Total outsourced R&D

Report all 2023 R&D expenditures for hydrogen and fuel cells within this reporting unit.

55. In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on other hydrogen?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Other hydrogen:

Include end uses (e.g., combustion), other infrastructure and systems R&D (refuelling stations).

In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on other hydrogen?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	CAN$ '000
Funds from this business
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)
All other Canadian sources of funds
All foreign sources of funds
Total in-house R&D
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada
Total outsourced R&D

Report all 2023 R&D expenditures for hydrogen and fuel cells within this reporting unit.

56. In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on stationary fuel cells?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Stationary fuel cells:

Include electricity generation, other stationary end-use.

In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on stationary fuel cells?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	CAN$ '000
Funds from this business
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)
All other Canadian sources of funds
All foreign sources of funds
Total in-house R&D
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada
Total outsourced R&D

Report all 2023 R&D expenditures for hydrogen and fuel cells within this reporting unit.

57. In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on mobile fuel cells?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Mobile fuel cells:

Include portable applications.

In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on mobile fuel cells?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	CAN$ '000
Funds from this business
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)
All other Canadian sources of funds
All foreign sources of funds
Total in-house R&D
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada
Total outsourced R&D

Energy-related R&D by area of technology — Energy efficiency

58. In 2023, did this business's total in-house and outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures include energy efficiency-related R&D in the following categories?

Select all that apply.

Energy efficiency for industry:
Include reduction of energy consumption through improved use of energy and/or reduction or avoidance of air and other emissions related to the use of energy in industrial systems and processes (excluding bio-energy-related) through the development of new techniques, new processes and new equipment, other.

Energy efficiency for residential, institutional and commercial:
Include space heating and cooling, ventilation and lighting control systems other than solar technologies, low energy housing design and performance other than solar technologies, new insulation and building materials, thermal performance of buildings, domestic appliances, other.

Energy efficiency for transportation:
Include analysis and optimisation of energy consumption in the transport sector, efficiency improvements in light-duty vehicles, heavy-duty vehicles, non-road vehicles, public transport systems, engine-fuel optimisation, use of alternative fuels (liquid and gaseous, other than hydrogen), fuel additives, diesel engines, Stirling motors, electric cars, hybrid cars, air emission reduction, other.

Other energy efficiency:
Include waste heat utilisation (heat maps, process integration, total energy systems, low temperature thermodynamic cycles), district heating, heat pump development, reduction of energy consumption in the agricultural sector.

• Energy efficiency applications for industry
• Energy efficiency for residential, institutional and commercial sectors
• Energy efficiency for transportation
• Other energy efficiency
• None of the above

Energy-related R&D by area of technology

Report all 2023 R&D expenditures for energy efficiency within this reporting unit.

59. In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on energy efficiency applications for industry?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Energy efficiency for industry:

Include reduction of energy consumption through improved use of energy and/or reduction or avoidance of air and other emissions related to the use of energy in industrial systems and processes (excluding bio-energy-related) through the development of new techniques, new processes and new equipment, other.

In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on energy efficiency applications for industry?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	CAN$ '000
Funds from this business
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)
All other Canadian sources of funds
All foreign sources of funds
Total in-house R&D
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada
Total outsourced R&D

Report all 2023 R&D expenditures for energy efficiency within this reporting unit.

60. In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on energy efficiency for residential, institutional and commercial sectors?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Energy efficiency for residential, institutional and commercial:

Include space heating and cooling, ventilation and lighting control systems other than solar technologies, low energy housing design and performance other than solar technologies, new insulation and building materials, thermal performance of buildings, domestic appliances, other.

In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on energy efficiency for residential, institutional and commercial sectors?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	CAN$ '000
Funds from this business
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)
All other Canadian sources of funds
All foreign sources of funds
Total in-house R&D
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada
Total outsourced R&D

Report all 2023 R&D expenditures for energy efficiency within this reporting unit.

61. In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on energy efficiency for transportation?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Energy efficiency for transportation:

Include analysis and optimisation of energy consumption in the transport sector, efficiency improvements in light-duty vehicles, heavy-duty vehicles, non-road vehicles, public transport systems, engine-fuel optimisation, use of alternative fuels (liquid and gaseous, other than hydrogen), fuel additives, diesel engines, Stirling motors, electric cars, hybrid cars, air emission reduction, other.

In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on energy efficiency for transportation?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	CAN$ '000
Funds from this business
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)
All other Canadian sources of funds
All foreign sources of funds
Total in-house R&D
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada
Total outsourced R&D

Report all 2023 R&D expenditures for energy efficiency within this reporting unit.

62. In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on other energy efficiency?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Other energy efficiency:

Include waste heat utilisation (heat maps, process integration, total energy systems, low temperature thermodynamic cycles), district heating, heat pump development, reduction of energy consumption in the agricultural sector.

In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on other energy efficiency?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	CAN$ '000
Funds from this business
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)
All other Canadian sources of funds
All foreign sources of funds
Total in-house R&D
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada
Total outsourced R&D

Energy-related R&D by area of technology — Other energy-related technologies

63. In 2023, did this business's total in-house and outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures include other energy-related R&D in the following categories?

Select all that apply.

Carbon capture end-use:
Include industry in the end-use sector, such as steel production, manufacturing, etc. (exclude fossil fuel production and processing and electric power production).

Energy system analysis:
Include system analysis related to energy R&D not covered elsewhere, sociological, economical and environmental impact of energy which are not specifically related to one technology area listed in the sections above.

All other energy technologies:
Include energy technology information dissemination, studies not related to a specific technology area listed above.

• Carbon capture, transport and storage related to fossil fuel production and processing
• Carbon capture, transport and storage related to electric power production
• Carbon capture, transport and storage related to industry in end-use sector
• Energy system analysis
• All other energy-related technologies
• None of the above

Energy-related R&D by area of technology

Report all 2023 R&D expenditures for other energy-related technologies within this reporting unit.

64. In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on carbon capture, transport and storage related to fossil fuel production and processing?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on carbon capture, transport and storage related to fossil fuel production and processing?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	CAN$ '000
Funds from this business
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)
All other Canadian sources of funds
All foreign sources of funds
Total in-house R&D
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada
Total outsourced R&D

Report all 2023 R&D expenditures for other energy-related technologies within this reporting unit.

65. In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on carbon capture, transport and storage related to electric power production?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on carbon capture, transport and storage related to electric power production?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	CAN$ '000
Funds from this business
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)
All other Canadian sources of funds
All foreign sources of funds
Total in-house R&D
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada
Total outsourced R&D

Report all 2023 R&D expenditures for other energy-related technologies within this reporting unit.

66. In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on carbon capture, transport and storage related to industry in end-use sector?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Carbon capture end-use:

Include industry in the end-use sector, such as steel production, manufacturing, etc. (exclude fossil fuel production and processing and electric power production).

In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on carbon capture, transport and storage related to industry in end-use sector?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	CAN$ '000
Funds from this business
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)
All other Canadian sources of funds
All foreign sources of funds
Total in-house R&D
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada
Total outsourced R&D

Report all 2023 R&D expenditures for other energy-related technologies within this reporting unit.

67. In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on energy system analysis?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Energy system analysis:

Include system analysis related to energy R&D not covered elsewhere, sociological, economical and environmental impact of energy which are not specifically related to one technology area listed in the sections above.

In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on energy system analysis?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	CAN$ '000
Funds from this business
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)
All other Canadian sources of funds
All foreign sources of funds
Total in-house R&D
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada
Total outsourced R&D

Report all 2023 R&D expenditures for other energy-related technologies within this reporting unit.

68. In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on other energy-related technologies?

Exclude capital depreciation.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '0' for no R&D expenditures.

Other energy-related technologies:

Include energy technology information dissemination, studies not related to a specific technology area listed above.

In 2023, what were this business's energy R&D expenditures on other energy-related technologies?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	CAN$ '000
Funds from this business
Funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)
All other Canadian sources of funds
All foreign sources of funds
Total in-house R&D
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada
Outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada
Total outsourced R&D

69. Summary of total 2023 energy-related and total R&D expenditures

69. Summary of total 2023 energy-related R&D and total R&D expenditures
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	Total energy-related R&D	Total R&D
Total funds from this business
Total funds from federal, provincial or territorial government(s)
Total all other Canadian sources of funds
Total all foreign sources of funds
Total in-house R&D expenditures
Total outsourced (contracted out or granted) within Canada
Total outsourced (contracted out or granted) outside Canada
Total outsourced (contracted out or granted) R&D expenditures
Total R&D expenditures

In-house R&D personnel in 2023

70. In 2023, how many in-house R&D personnel within Canada did this business have in the following R&D occupations?

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

R&D may be carried out by persons who work solely on R&D projects or by persons who devote only part of their time to R&D and the balance to other activities such as testing, quality control and production engineering. To arrive at the total effort devoted to R&D in terms of personnel, it is necessary to estimate the full-time equivalent of these persons working only part-time in R&D.

Full-time equivalent (FTE) = Number of persons who work solely on R&D projects + the time of persons working only part of their time on R&D.

Example calculation: If out of four scientists engaged in R&D work, one works solely on R&D projects and the remaining three devote only one quarter of their working time to R&D, then: FTE = 1 + 1/4 + 1/4 + 1/4 = 1.75 scientists.

R&D personnel

Include:

• permanent, temporary and casual R&D employees
• independent on-site R&D consultants and contractors working in your business's offices, laboratories, or other facilities
• employees engaged in R&D -related support activities.

Researchers and research managers are composed of:

• Scientists, social scientists, engineers and researchers are professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge. They conduct research and improve or develop concepts, theories, models, techniques instrumentation, software or operational methods. They may be certified by provincial or territorial educational authorities, provincial, territorial or national scientific or engineering associations.
• Senior research managers plan or manage R&D projects and programs. They may be certified by provincial or territorial educational authorities, provincial, territorial or national scientific or engineering associations.

R&D technical, administrative and support staff are composed of:

• Technicians and technologists and research assistants are persons whose main tasks require technical knowledge and experience in one or more fields of engineering, the physical and life sciences, or the social sciences, humanities and the arts. They participate in R&D by performing scientific and technical tasks involving the application of concepts, operational methods and the use of research equipment, normally under the supervision of researchers. They may be certified by provincial or territorial educational authorities, provincial, territorial or national scientific or engineering associations.
• Other R&D technical, administrative support staff include skilled and unskilled craftsmen, and administrative, secretarial and clerical staff participating in R&D projects or directly associated with such projects.

On-site R&D consultants and contractors are individuals hired 1) to perform project-based work or to provide goods at a fixed or ascertained price or within a certain time or 2) to provide advice or services in a specialized field for a fee and, in both cases, work at the location specified and controlled by the contracting company or organization.

In 2023, how many in-house R&D personnel within Canada did this business have in the following R&D occupations?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	Men (FTEs)	Women (FTRs)	Non-binary persons (FTEs)	Total (FTEs)
Researchers and research managers
Scientists, social scientists, engineers and researchers Include software developers and programmers.
Senior research managers
Total researchers and research managers
R&D technical, administrative and support staff
Technicians, technologists and research assistants Include software technicians.
Other R&D technical, administrative and support staff
Total R&D technical, administrative and support staff
Other R&D occupations
On-site R&D consultants and contractors
Total in-house R&D personnel within Canada

71. Of this business's total in-house R&D personnel reported above, what percentage performed software-related activities?

Software-related sciences and technologies

• Software engineering and technology: computer software engineering, computer software technology and other related computer software engineering and technologies.
• Computer sciences: computer science, artificial intelligence, cryptography and other related computer sciences.
• Information technology and bioinformatics: information technology, informatics, bioinformatics, biomathematics and other related information technologies.

Percentage of software-related activities

72. In 2023, how were the [Amount] total in-house R&D personnel distributed by province or territory?

Please report in full time equivalents (FTE).

R&D personnel

Include:

• permanent, temporary and casual R&D employees
• independent on-site R&D consultants and contractors working in your business's offices, laboratories, or other facilities
• employees engaged in R&D -related support activities.

Researchers and research managers are composed of:

• Scientists, social scientists, engineers and researchers are professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge. They conduct research and improve or develop concepts, theories, models, techniques instrumentation, software or operational methods. They may be certified by provincial or territorial educational authorities, provincial, territorial or national scientific or engineering associations.
• Senior research managers plan or manage R&D projects and programs. They may be certified by provincial or territorial educational authorities, provincial, territorial or national scientific or engineering associations.

R&D technical, administrative and support staff are composed of:

• Technicians and technologists and research assistants are persons whose main tasks require technical knowledge and experience in one or more fields of engineering, the physical and life sciences, or the social sciences, humanities and the arts. They participate in R&D by performing scientific and technical tasks involving the application of concepts, operational methods and the use of research equipment, normally under the supervision of researchers. They may be certified by provincial or territorial educational authorities, provincial, territorial or national scientific or engineering associations.
• Other R&D technical, administrative support staff include skilled and unskilled craftsmen, and administrative, secretarial and clerical staff participating in R&D projects or directly associated with such projects.

On-site R&D consultants and contractors are individuals hired 1) to perform project-based work or to provide goods at a fixed or ascertained price or within a certain time or 2) to provide advice or services in a specialized field for a fee and, in both cases, work at the location specified and controlled by the contracting company or organization.

Full-time equivalent (FTE)

R&D may be carried out by persons who work solely on R&D projects or by persons who devote only part of their time to R&D, and the balance to other activities such as testing, quality control and production engineering. To arrive at the total effort devoted to R&D in terms of personnel, it is necessary to estimate the full-time equivalent of these persons working only part-time in R&D.

Full-time equivalent (FTE): Number of persons who work solely on R&D projects + the time of persons working only part of their time on R&D.

Example calculation: If out of four scientists engaged in R&D work, one works solely on R&D projects and the remaining three devote only one quarter of their working time to R&D, then: FTE = 1 + 1/4 + 1/4 + 1/4 = 1.75 scientists.

In 2023, how were the [Amount] total in-house R&D personnel distributed by province or territory?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	Number of researchers and research managers	Number of R&D technical, administrative and support staff	Number of on-site R&D consultants and contractors
Newfoundland and Labrador
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Yukon
Northwest Territories
Nunavut
Total in-house R&D personnel within Canada
Total R&D personnel previously reported from question 70

Technology and technical assistance payments in 2023

73. In 2023, did this business make or receive payments inside or outside Canada for the following technology and technical assistance?

Technology and technical assistance payments

Definitions (equivalent to the Canadian Intellectual Property Office - opens in a new browser window)

1. Patent
   Government grant giving the right to exclude others from making, using or selling an invention.
2. Copyright
   Legal protection for literary, artistic, dramatic or musical works, computer programs, performer's performances, sound recordings, and communication signals.
3. Trademark
   A word, symbol or design, or combination of these, used to distinguish goods or services of one person or organization from those of others in the marketplace.
4. Industrial design
   Legal protection against imitation of the shape, pattern, or ornamentation of an object.
5. Integrated circuit topography
   Three-dimensional configurations of the elements and interconnections embodied in an integrated circuit product.
6. Original software
   Computer programs and descriptive materials for both systems and applications. Original software can be created in-house or outsourced and includes packaged software with customization.
7. Packaged or off-the-shelf software
   Packaged software purchased for organizational use and excludes software with customization.
8. Databases
   Data files organized to permit effective access and use of the data including access clinical trial registries and administrative health data for research purposes. Includes partnerships supporting the development of databases, such as patient or clinical trial registries or biobanks, to be used for research purposes (e.g., developing a national bladder cancer patient registry with Bladder Cancer Canada for future research).
9. Other technology and technical assistance
   Technical assistance, industrial processes and know-how including technology transfer and know how such as batch pilot production, method develop, and validation related to technology or manufacturing transfer.

In 2023, did this business make or receive payments inside or outside Canada for the following technology and technical assistance?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	Made Payments	Received Payments	Both made and received payments	Not applicable
Patents
Copyrights
Trademarks
Industrial designs
Integrated circuit topography
Original software
Packaged or off-the-shelf software
Databases Useful life exceeding one year.
Other technology and technical assistance Include technical assistance, industrial processes and know-how.

74. In 2023, how much did this business pay to other organizations for technology and technical assistance?

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '1' for payments made between $1 and $999.

Technology and technical assistance payments

Definitions (equivalent to the Canadian Intellectual Property Office - opens in a new browser window)

1. Patent
   Government grant giving the right to exclude others from making, using or selling an invention.
2. Copyright
   Legal protection for literary, artistic, dramatic or musical works, computer programs, performer's performances, sound recordings, and communication signals.
3. Trademark
   A word, symbol or design, or combination of these, used to distinguish goods or services of one person or organization from those of others in the marketplace.
4. Industrial design
   Legal protection against imitation of the shape, pattern, or ornamentation of an object.
5. Integrated circuit topography
   Three-dimensional configurations of the elements and interconnections embodied in an integrated circuit product.
6. Original software
   Computer programs and descriptive materials for both systems and applications. Original software can be created in-house or outsourced and includes packaged software with customization.
7. Packaged or off-the-shelf software
   Packaged software purchased for organizational use and excludes software with customization.
8. Databases
   Data files organized to permit effective access and use of the data including access clinical trial registries and administrative health data for research purposes. Includes partnerships supporting the development of databases, such as patient or clinical trial registries or biobanks, to be used for research purposes (e.g., developing a national bladder cancer patient registry with Bladder Cancer Canada for future research).
9. Other
   Technical assistance, industrial processes and know-how including technology transfer and know how such as batch pilot production, method develop, and validation related to technology or manufacturing transfer.

In 2023, how much did this business pay to other organizations for technology and technical assistance?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	Payments made within Canada CAN$ '000	Payments made outside Canada CAN$ '000
Payments made to parent, affiliated or subsidiary companies
Patents
Copyrights
Trademarks
Industrial designs
Integrated circuit topography
Original software
Packaged or off-the-shelf software
Databases Useful life exceeding one year.
Other technology and technical assistance Include technical assistance, industrial processes and know-how.
Total payments made to parent, affiliated or subsidiary companies
Payments made to other companies, organizations or individuals
Patents
Copyrights
Trademarks
Industrial designs
Integrated circuit topography
Original software
Packaged or off-the-shelf software
Databases Useful life exceeding one year.
Other technology and technical assistance Include technical assistance, industrial processes and know-how.
Total payments made to other companies, organizations or individuals
Total payments made to other organizations for technology and technical assistance

75. In 2023, how much did this business receive from other organizations for technology and technical assistance?

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Report '1' for payments received between $1 and $999.

Technology and technical assistance payments

Definitions (equivalent to the Canadian Intellectual Property Office - opens in a new browser window)

1. Patent
   Government grant giving the right to exclude others from making, using or selling an invention.
2. Copyright
   Legal protection for literary, artistic, dramatic or musical works, computer programs, performer's performances, sound recordings, and communication signals.
3. Trademark
   A word, symbol or design, or combination of these, used to distinguish goods or services of one person or organization from those of others in the marketplace.
4. Industrial design
   Legal protection against imitation of the shape, pattern, or ornamentation of an object.
5. Integrated circuit topography
   Three-dimensional configurations of the elements and interconnections embodied in an integrated circuit product.
6. Original software
   Computer programs and descriptive materials for both systems and applications. Original software can be created in-house or outsourced and includes packaged software with customization.
7. Packaged or off-the-shelf software
   Packaged software purchased for organizational use and excludes software with customization.
8. Databases
   Data files organized to permit effective access and use of the data including access clinical trial registries and administrative health data for research purposes. Includes partnerships supporting the development of databases, such as patient or clinical trial registries or biobanks, to be used for research purposes (e.g., developing a national bladder cancer patient registry with Bladder Cancer Canada for future research).
9. Other
   Technical assistance, industrial processes and know-how including technology transfer and know how such as batch pilot production, method develop, and validation related to technology or manufacturing transfer.

In 2023, how much did this business receive from other organizations for technology and technical assistance?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.

	Payments received from within Canada CAN$ '000	Payments received from outside Canada CAN$ '000
Payments received from parent, affiliated or subsidiary companies
Patents
Copyrights
Trademarks
Industrial designs
Integrated circuit topography
Original software
Packaged or off-the-shelf software
Databases Useful life exceeding one year.
Other technology and technical assistance Include technical assistance, industrial processes and know-how.
Total payments received from parent, affiliated or subsidiary companies
Payments received from other companies, organizations or individuals
Patents
Copyrights
Trademarks
Industrial designs
Integrated circuit topography
Original software
Packaged or off-the-shelf software
Databases Useful life exceeding one year.
Other technology and technical assistance Include technical assistance, industrial processes and know-how.
Total payments received from other companies, organizations or individuals
Total payments received from other organizations for technology and technical assistance

Environmental and clean technology R&D expenditures in 2023

76. In 2023, what percentage of this business's total expenditures of $ [Amount] for R&D performed in-house within Canada was related to research and development of environmental and clean technologies?

Environmental and clean technology is defined as any process, product, or service that reduces environmental impacts: through environmental protection activities that prevent, reduce or eliminate pollution or any other degradation of the environment, resource management activities that result in the more efficient use of natural resources, thus safeguarding against their depletion; or the use of goods that have been adapted to be significantly less energy- or resource-intensive than the industry standard.

Report '0' for no environmental and clean technology R&D expenditures.

If precise figures are not available, please provide your best estimate.

Percentage of environmental and clean technology R&D

77. In 2023, in which of the following categories of environmental and clean technology did this business perform R&D activities?

Select all that apply.

Air pollution management: Activities aimed at reducing the emissions of pollutants (including greenhouse gases) to the atmosphere. Include pollution abatement and control (e.g., end-of-pipe processes) and pollution prevention (e.g., integrated processes), as well as related measurement, control, laboratories and the like.

Solid waste management: Activities related to the collection, treatment, storage, disposal, and recycling of all domestic, industrial, non-hazardous and hazardous waste (including low-level radioactive waste). Include monitoring activities. Exclude radioactive waste and mine tailings handling and treatment (to be reported under Protection against radiation and Wastewater management, respectively).

Wastewater management: Activities aimed at pollution reduction or prevention through the abatement of pollutants or the reduction of the release of wastewater. Include measures aimed at reducing pollutants before discharge, reducing the release of wastewater, septic tanks, treatment of cooling water, handling and treatment of mine tailings, etc.

Protection and remediation of soil, groundwater and surface water: Activities aimed at the prevention of pollution infiltration: remediation or cleaning up of soils and water bodies; protection of soil from erosion, salinization and physical degradation; monitoring, control, laboratories and the like. Exclude management of wastewater released to surface waters, municipal sewer systems or soil, or injected underground (to be reported under Wastewater management) and protection of biodiversity and habitat (to be reported under Protection of biodiversity and habitat).

Protection of biodiversity and habitat: Activities related to protecting wildlife and habitat from the effects of economic activity, and to restoring wildlife or habitat that has been adversely affected by such activity. Include related environmental measurements, monitoring, control, laboratories and the like.

Noise and vibration abatement: Activities aimed at controlling or reducing industrial and transport noise and vibration for the sole purpose of protecting the environment. Include preventive in-process modifications at the source, construction of anti-noise/vibration facilities, measurement, control, laboratories and the like.

Protection against radiation: Activities aimed at preventing, reducing, or eliminating the negative consequences of radiation on the environment. This includes all handling, transportation, and treatment of radioactive waste (i.e. waste that requires shielding during normal handling and transportation due to high radionuclide content), the protection of ambient media, measurement, control, laboratories and the like, as well as any other activities related to the containment of radioactive waste. Exclude activities and measures related to low-level radioactive waste (to be reported under Solid waste management), the prevention of technological hazards (e.g., external safety of nuclear power plants), and measures taken to protect workers.

Heat or energy savings and management: Activities aimed at reducing the intake of energy through in-process modifications (such as adjustment of production processes or heat and electricity co-generation), as well as reducing heat and energy losses. This includes insulation activities, energy recovery, measurement, control, laboratories and the like.

Renewable energy: Energy obtained from resources that naturally replenish or renew within a human lifespan (i.e. the resource is a sustainable source of energy). This includes wind, solar, aero-thermal, geothermal, hydrothermal and ocean energy, hydropower, biomass, landfill gas, sewage treatment plant gas and biogases.

• Air pollution management
  e.g., greenhouse gas control technologies or management services, physical or chemical treatment technologies, air pollution modeling and mapping services
• Solid waste management
  e.g., collection of waste, recycling and organics, compaction-related technologies, landfill leachate collection and containment technologies
• Wastewater management
  e.g., physical or chemical treatments of industrial wastewater, mine tailing handling and treatment, biological treatments of sewage
• Protection and remediation of soil, groundwater and surface water
  e.g., in situ and ex situ biological, physical, chemical, thermal treatments, containment
• Protection of biodiversity and habitat
• Noise and vibration abatement
  Exclude R&D related to workers' health and safety.
• Protection against radiation
  Exclude R&D related to workers' health and safety.
• Heat and energy savings and management
  e.g., efficient equipment (advance insulation, high efficiency pumps or burners (Energy Star certified), etc.), energy storage technologies (flywheels, fuel cells, etc.), lighting upgrades, smart grid services and associated technologies
• Fuel efficient vehicles and transportation goods or technologies
  e.g., electric and hybrid vehicles, vehicles using alternative fuels, alternative fuel retrofits on existing vehicles, low-rolling resistance tires
• Production of energy from renewable sources
  e.g., equipment, services, and technologies used to produce electricity or heat from renewable sources
• Production of nuclear energy
  e.g., equipment, services, and technologies used to produce electricity or heat from nuclear energy
  Exclude the R&D on feedstock used to produce energy (such as uranium).
• Other environmental protection or resource management activities
  Specify the other environmental protection or resource management activities

Notification of intent to extract web data

79. Does this business have a website?

• Yes
  • Specify the business website address 1
  • e.g., www.example.gc.ca
  • Specify the business website address 2
  • e.g., www.example.gc.ca
  • Specify the business website address 3
  • e.g., www.example.gc.ca
• No

Notification of intent to extract web data

Statistics Canada engages in web-data extraction, also known as web scraping, which is a process by which information is gathered and copied from the Web using automated scripts or robots, for retrieval and analysis. As a result, we may visit the website for this business to search for and compile additional information. The use of web scraping is part of a broader effort to reduce the response burden on businesses, as well as produce additional statistical indicators to ensure that our data remain accurate and relevant.
We will strive to ensure that the data collection does not interfere with the functionality of the website. Any data collected will be used by Statistics Canada for statistical and research purposes only, in accordance with the agency's privacy and confidentiality mandate. All information collected by Statistics Canada is strictly protected.

More information regarding Statistics Canada's web scraping initiative.

Learn more about Statistics Canada's transparency and accountability.

If you have any questions or concerns, please contact Statistics Canada Client Services, toll-free at 1-877-949-9492 (TTY: 1-800-363-7629) or by email at infostats@statcan.gc.ca- this link will open in a new window. Additional information about this survey can be found by selecting the following link: Information for survey participants (ISP).

Changes or events

80. Indicate any changes or events that affected the reported values for this business, compared with the last reporting period.

Select all that apply.

• Outsourcing of R&D project(s)
• Initiation of new R&D project(s)
• Completion of existing R&D project(s)
• Major change in funding of R&D project(s) (loss of funding)
• Major change in funding of R&D project(s) (increase in funding)
• Organizational change that affected R&D activities (expansion, reduction, restructuring)
• Economic change that affected R&D activities
• Lack of availability of qualified R&D personnel
• Other
  Specify the other changes or events:
• No changes or events

Contact person

81. Statistics Canada may need to contact the person who completed this questionnaire for further information.

Is the provided given names and the provided family name the best person to contact?

• Yes
• No

Who is the best person to contact about this questionnaire?

• First name:
• Last name:
• Title:
• Email address:
• Telephone number (including area code):
• Extension number (if applicable):
  The maximum number of characters is 5.
• Fax number (including area code):

Feedback

82. How long did it take to complete this questionnaire?

Include the time spent gathering the necessary information.

• Hours:
• Minutes:

83. Do you have any comments about this questionnaire?

Getting started

Why are we conducting this survey?

This survey collects information on the behaviours, practices, and awareness level of Canadian households regarding the environment. Results from this survey will help us to understand how Canadians are interacting with the environment.

Your information may also be used by Statistics Canada for other statistical and research purposes.

Although voluntary, your participation is important so that the information collected is as accurate and complete as possible.

Other important information

Authorization and confidentiality

Data are collected under the authority of the Statistics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, Chapter S-19. Your information will be kept strictly confidential.

Record linkages

To enhance the data from this survey and to reduce the response burden, Statistics Canada may combine the information you provide with other survey or administrative data sources.

Contact us if you have any questions or concerns about record linkage:

Email: infostats@statcan.gc.ca

Telephone: 1-877-949-9492

Mail:

Chief Statistician of Canada
Statistics Canada
Attention of Director, Environment Accounts and Statistics Division
150 Tunney's Pasture Driveway
Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0T6

Address confirmation

Is the following address your household's primary dwelling?

[Address Line 1]
[Address Line 2]
[City], [Province]
[Postal Code]

• Yes
• No

What is the street address of your primary dwelling?

Please do not enter the address at which you receive your mail if it is different.

• Street number
• Suffix
  • 1/4
  • 1/2
  • 3/4
  • Bsmt
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • E
  • F
  • G
  • H
  • I
  • J
  • K
  • L
  • M
  • N
  • O
  • P
  • Q
  • R
  • S
  • T
  • U
  • V
  • W
  • X
  • Y
  • Z
• Apartment number
• Street name
• Select a street type from the dropdown menu below.
  • Street type
• Street direction
  • E (East)
  • N (North)
  • NE (Northeast)
  • NW (Northwest)
  • W (West)
  • S (South)
  • SE (Southeast)
  • SW (Southwest)
• P.O. Box or Rural Route number
• City, municipality, town, village
• Province or territory
  • Newfoundland and Labrador
  • Prince Edward Island
  • Nova Scotia
  • New Brunswick
  • Quebec
  • Ontario
  • Manitoba
  • Saskatchewan
  • Alberta
  • British Columbia
  • Yukon
  • Northwest Territories
  • Nunavut
• Postal code

Household mailing address

Is this also the mailing address for this household?

• Yes
• No

What is the mailing address?

• Street number
• Suffix
  • 1/4
  • 1/2
  • 3/4
  • Bsmt
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • E
  • F
  • G
  • H
  • I
  • J
  • K
  • L
  • M
  • N
  • O
  • P
  • Q
  • R
  • S
  • T
  • U
  • V
  • W
  • X
  • Y
  • Z
• Apartment number
• Street name
• Select a street type from the dropdown menu below.
  • Street type
• Street direction
  • E (East)
  • N (North)
  • NE (Northeast)
  • NW (Northwest)
  • W (West)
  • S (South)
  • SE (Southeast)
  • SW (Southwest)
• P.O. Box or Rural Route number
• City, municipality, town, village
• Province or territory
  • Newfoundland and Labrador
  • Prince Edward Island
  • Nova Scotia
  • New Brunswick
  • Quebec
  • Ontario
  • Manitoba
  • Saskatchewan
  • Alberta
  • British Columbia
  • Yukon
  • Northwest Territories
  • Nunavut
• Postal code

Dwelling

What type of dwelling is this?

Is it:

• Single-detached house
• Semi-detached house
• Row or terrace
• Duplex
• Apartment or flat
• Institution
• Hotel, rooming or lodging house, camp
• Mobile home
• Other
  • Specify type of dwelling

How many floors are there in your building?

Count all floors that have apartments or condo units.

• Floors in your building

Household composition

The next few questions ask for important basic information about the people in this household.

List all persons (names or initials) that usually live at this address. These will be used to help you answer questions about each person.

Include:

those who regard this dwelling as their usual residence or are staying in the dwelling and have no other usual place of residence
those who reside at this dwelling, even if they are temporarily away, at school, at hospital, or somewhere else.

• First name
• Last name
• Age

Sex at birth and gender

The following questions are about sex at birth and gender.

What was the sex at birth of [First name] [Last name] (age [Age])?

Sex refers to sex assigned at birth.

• Male
• Female

What is the gender of [First name] [Last name] (age [Age])?

Gender refers to current gender which may be different from sex assigned at birth and may be different from what is indicated on legal documents.

• Male
• Female
• Or please specify
  • Specify this person's gender

Disability

Does [First name] [Last name] (age [Age]) identify as a person with a disability?

A person with a disability is a person who has a long-term difficulty or condition, such as vision, hearing, mobility, flexibility, dexterity, pain, learning, developmental, memory or mental health-related impairments, that limits their daily activities inside or outside the home, such as at school, work, or in the community in general.

• Yes
• No

Indigenous Identity

Is [First name] [Last name] (age [Age]) First Nations, Métis or Inuk (Inuit)?

First Nations (North American Indian) includes Status and Non-Status Indians.
If "Yes", select the responses that best describes this person now.

• No, not First Nations, Métis or Inuk (Inuit)
  OR
• Yes, First Nation (North American Indian)
• Yes, Métis
• Yes, Inuk (Inuit)

Sociodemographic characteristics

The following question collects information in accordance with the Employment Equity Act and its Regulations and Guidelines to support programs that promote equal opportunity for everyone to share in the social, cultural, and economic life of Canada.

Select all that apply.

Is this person:

• White
• South Asian
  e.g. East Indian, Pakistani, Sri Lankan
• Chinese
• Black
• Filipino
• Arab
• Latin American
• Southeast Asian
  e.g. Vietnamese, Cambodian, Laotian, Thai
• West Asian
  e.g. Iranian, Afghan
• Korean
• Japanese
• Other
  • Specify other group

Educational diploma or certificate

What is the highest certificate, diploma or degree that [First name] [Last name] (age [Age]) has completed?

• Less than high school diploma or its equivalent
• High school diploma or a high school equivalency certificate
• Trades certificate or diploma
• College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma (other than trades certificates or diplomas)
• University certificate or diploma below the bachelor's level
• Bachelor's degree
  e.g. B.A., B.A. (Hons), B.Sc., B.Ed., LL.B.
• University certificate, diploma or degree above the bachelor's level

Dwelling characteristics

The word "dwelling" refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of someone else.

What is the heated area of your dwelling?

Exclude the basement, attic and garage.

• Unit of measure
  • Square feet (ft²)
  • Square metres (m²)
• Area
  OR
• Don't know

Please provide your best estimate of the heated area.

Exclude the basement and garage.

• 600 ft² (55 m²) or less
• 601 to 1,000 ft² (56 to 95 m²)
• 1,001 to 1,500 ft² (96 to 140 m²)
• 1,501 to 2,000 ft² (141 to 185 m²)
• 2,001 to 2,500 ft² (186 to 230 m²)
• 2,501 to 3,000 ft² (231 to 280 m²)
• 3,001 to 3,500 ft² (281 to 325 m²)
• 3,501 to 4,000 ft² (326 to 371 m²)
• 4,001 ft² (372 m²) or more
• Don't know

Does your dwelling have a basement?

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

What is the heated area of your basement?

• Unit of measure
  • Square feet (ft²)
  • Square metres (m²)
• Area
  OR
• Basement not heated
  OR
• Don't know

Please provide your best estimate of the heated area of your basement.

• 600 ft² (55 m²) or less
• 601 to 1,000 ft² (56 to 95 m²)
• 1,001 to 1,500 ft² (96 to 140 m²)
• 1,501 to 2,000 ft² (141 to 185 m²)
• 2,001 to 2,500 ft² (186 to 230 m²)
• 2,501 to 3,000 ft² (231 to 280 m²)
• 3,001 to 3,500 ft² (281 to 325 m²)
• 3,501 to 4,000 ft² (326 to 371 m²)
• 4,001 ft² (372 m²) or more
• Don't know

How much insulation does the basement have?

• All of the exterior walls
• Half or more of the exterior walls
• Less than half of the exterior walls
• None of the exterior walls
• Don't know

How many stories does your dwelling have?

• Number of stories
  OR
• Don't know

Does your dwelling have an attic?

• Yes, a partially or fully heated attic
• Yes, an unheated attic
• No
• Don't know

What is the heated area of the attic?

• Unit of measure
  • Square feet (ft²)
  • Square metres (m²)
• Area
  OR
• Don't know

Please provide your best estimate of the heated area of your attic.

• 600 ft² (55 m²) or less
• 601 to 1,000 ft² (56 to 95 m²)
• 1,001 to 1,500 ft² (96 to 140 m²)
• 1,501 to 2,000 ft² (141 to 185 m²)
• 2,001 to 2,500 ft² (186 to 230 m²)
• 2,501 to 3,000 ft² (231 to 280 m²)
• 3,001 to 3,500 ft² (281 to 325 m²)
• 3,501 to 4,000 ft² (326 to 371 m²)
• 4,001 ft² (372 m²) or more
• Don't know

Does your dwelling have a garage?

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

Is it attached to the dwelling?

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

What is the heated area of the attached garage?

• Unit of measure
  • Square feet (ft²)
  • Square metres (m²)
• Area of attached garage
  OR
• Attached garage is not heated
  OR
• Don't know

What is the heated area of the detached garage?

• Unit of measure
  • Square feet (ft²)
  • Square metres (m²)
• Area of detached garage
  OR
• Detached garage is not heated
  OR
• Don't know

Please provide your best estimate of the heated area of your garage.

• 600 ft² (55 m²) or less
• 601 to 1,000 ft² (56 to 95 m²)
• 1,001 to 1,500 ft² (96 to 140 m²)
• 1,501 to 2,000 ft² (141 to 185 m²)
• 2,001 to 2,500 ft² (186 to 230 m²)
• 2,501 to 3,000 ft² (231 to 280 m²)
• 3,001 to 3,500 ft² (281 to 325 m²)
• 3,501 to 4,000 ft² (326 to 371 m²)
• 4,001 ft² (372 m²) or more
• Garage is not heated
• Don't know

How much insulation does the garage have?

• Full insulation - all walls, and garage doors are insulated
• Full insulation - all walls, but not the garage doors are insulated
• Partial insulation - some walls are insulated
• None
• Don't know

In what year was this dwelling originally built? 

Provide your best estimate.

• Year

When was this dwelling built?

Was it:

• Before 1946
• Between 1946 and 1960
• Between 1961 and 1977
• Between 1978 and 1983
• Between 1984 and 1995
• Between 1996 and 2000
• Between 2001 and 2009
• In 2010 or later
• Don't know

Is this dwelling owned by a member of this household?

Would you say:

• Yes, owned, even if it is still being paid for
• No, rented, even if no cash rent is paid

Is this dwelling part of a condominium development?

• Yes
• No

Is [the condominium corporation/the landlord or property manager] responsible for paying any of the energy bills for this dwelling?

Include bills for electricity, natural gas, heating oil and propane.

• Yes
• No

How long [have you/has your household] lived in this dwelling?

Include the length of time that at least one household member has lived in the current dwelling.

Provide best estimate in months, years or since what year.

• Unit of time
  • Months
  • Years     
  • Number
  
  OR
• Since what year

Secondary residence

In the past 12 months, did [you/anyone in your household] own a secondary residence in Canada, that was lived in by members of your household for at least part of the year?

A secondary residence is any other dwelling used by the household as secondary living quarters, such as cottages, hobby farms and summer residences.

Exclude income properties, time-shares, and moveable secondary residences, such as trailers and motor homes.
Exclude properties outside of Canada.

• Yes
• No

What is the address of the secondary residence?

• Street number
• Suffix
  • 1/4
  • 1/2
  • 3/4
  • Bsmt
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D
  • E
  • F
  • G
  • H
  • I
  • J
  • K
  • L
  • M
  • N
  • O
  • P
  • Q
  • R
  • S
  • T
  • U
  • V
  • W
  • X
  • Y
  • Z
• Apartment number
• Street name
• Select a street type from the dropdown menu below.
  • Street type
• Street direction
  • E (East)
  • N (North)
  • NE (Northeast)
  • NW (Northwest)
  • W (West)
  • S (South)
  • SE (Southeast)
  • SW (Southwest)
• P.O. Box or Rural Route number
• City, municipality, town, village
• Province or territory
  • Newfoundland and Labrador
  • Prince Edward Island
  • Nova Scotia
  • New Brunswick
  • Quebec
  • Ontario
  • Manitoba
  • Saskatchewan
  • Alberta
  • British Columbia
  • Yukon
  • Northwest Territories
  • Nunavut
• Postal code

During the last 12 months, when was this secondary residence used?

Was it:

• All year
• Partial year
• Not used during the last 12 months

Months when the secondary residence was used:

Select all that apply.

• January
• February
• March
• April
• May
• June
• July
• August
• September
• October
• November
• December

What type of dwelling is this?

Is it:

• Single-detached house
• Semi-detached house
• Row or terrace
• Duplex
• Apartment or flat
• Institution
• Hotel, rooming or lodging house, camp
• Mobile home
• Other
  • Specify type of dwelling

How many floors are there in your building?

Count all floors that have apartments or condo units. 

• Floors in your building

When was this secondary residence built?

Provide your best estimate.

• Year

When was this secondary residence built?

Was it:

• Before 1946
• Between 1946 and 1960
• Between 1961 and 1977
• Between 1978 and 1983
• Between 1984 and 1995
• Between 1996 and 2000
• Between 2001 and 2009
• In 2010 or later
• Don't know

What is the heated area of your secondary residence?

Include a heated basement, heated attic, and heated attached garage.

• Unit of measure
  • Square feet (ft²)
  • Square metres (m²)
• Area
  OR
• Don't know

Please provide your best estimate of the heated area.

Include a heated basement, heated attic and heated attached garage.

• 600 ft² (55 m²) or less
• 601 to 1,000 ft² (56 to 95 m²)
• 1,001 to 1,500 ft² (96 to 140 m²)
• 1,501 to 2,000 ft² (141 to 185 m²)
• 2,001 to 2,500 ft² (186 to 230 m²)
• 2,501 to 3,000 ft² (231 to 280 m²)
• 3,001 to 3,500 ft² (281 to 325 m²)
• 3,501 to 4,000 ft² (326 to 371 m²)
• 4,001 ft² (372 m²) or more
• Don't know

Is this secondary residence connected to the electricity grid?

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

What is the main source of off-grid electricity?

• Solar panels
• Wind turbine
• Micro-hydro

Small-scale hydroelectric systems, such as micro-hydro turbines, can produce enough energy to power off-grid homes. The system pumps water in a pond or a river through a turbine to power an electric generator, which produces electricity that can be stored or used.

• Generator
• Other
  • Specify the other main source of off-grid electricity
• Don't know
• Secondary dwelling does not use electricity

What is the secondary dwelling's main type of heating?

Is it:

• A forced air furnace
  e.g., hot air vents
• Centralized HVAC system
• Electric baseboards
• A heating stove
• Fireplace
• A boiler with hot water or steam radiators
• Electric radiant heating

Exclude in-floor heating

• A heat pump
• Heated floors
• Mini-split heat pump
• Other
  • Specify other type of heating equipment
• Don't know

What source of energy does your [forced air furnace/centralized HVAC system/heating stove/fireplace/boiler with hot water or steam radiators/heated floor system/mini-split heat pump/other type of heating equipment] use?

Select all that apply.

Is it:

• Electricity
• Natural gas
• Heating oil
• Wood

Exclude wood pellets.

• Wood pellets
• Propane
• Other
  • Specify other source of energy
  
  OR
• Don't know

[Do you/Does anyone in your household] own any secondary dwellings used as income properties located within Canada?

Include only income properties.

Exclude:
time-shares, and movable secondary residences, such as trailers and motor homes
properties outside of Canada.

• Yes
• No

How many income properties do you own?

Exclude:
properties outside of Canada
the secondary residence at [Address] in [City] you told us about already

• Number of income properties

What is the primary use of [this income property/the oldest of the income properties]?

• Timeshare vacation property

Shared ownership with other households.

• Vacation property owned fully by your household
• Long-term rental property for investment purpose or additional source of income
• A property for children, parents, or friends to stay without paid rent
• A second home
  e.g., stay in the dwelling during work days or weekends only
• Other
  • Please specify its primary use

Energy use and home heating

The next questions are about how you heat [your primary dwelling/your dwelling].

What is [your primary dwelling/your dwelling]'s main type of heating equipment?

Is it:

• A forced air furnace
  e.g., hot air vents
• Centralized HVAC system
• Electric baseboards
• A heating stove
• Fireplace
• A boiler with hot water or steam radiators
• Electric radiant heating

Exclude in-floor heating.

• A heat pump
• Heated floors
• Mini-split heat pump
• Other
  • Specify other type of heating equipment
• Don't know

What source of energy does your [forced air furnace/centralized HVAC system/heating stove/fireplace/boiler with hot water or steam radiators/heated floor system/mini-split heat pump/other type of heating equipment] use?

Select all that apply.

Is it:

• Electricity
• Natural gas
• Heating oil
• Wood

Exclude wood pellets.

• Wood pellets
• Propane
• Other
  • Specify other source of energy
  
  OR
• Don't know

What is the efficiency rating of the furnace?

• High

i.e., the exhaust pipe is plastic and vents through the side of the house

• Medium

i.e., the exhaust pipe or chimney is metal and vents through the side of the house or through the roof

• Low

i.e., the exhause pipe or chimney is metal and vents through the roof

• Don't know

In addition to the [forced air furnace/centralized HVAC system/electric baseboards/heating stove/fireplace/boiler with hot water or steam radiators/electric radiant heating/heat pump/heated floor system/mini-split heat pump/other type of heating equipment], do you have another type of heating equipment?

• Yes
• No

Is it:

• A forced air furnace
  e.g., hot air vents
• Centralized HVAC system
• Electric baseboards
• A heating stove
• Fireplace
• A boiler with hot water or steam radiators
• Electric radiant heating

Exclude in-floor heating.

• A heat pump
• Heated floors
• Mini-split heat pump
• Other
  • Specify other type of heating equipment
• Don't know

What source of energy does your [forced air furnace/centralized HVAC system/heating stove/fireplace/boiler with hot water or steam radiators/heated floor system/mini-split heat pump/other type of heating equipment] use?

Select all that apply.

Is it:

• Electricity
• Natural gas
• Heating oil
• Wood

Exclude wood pellets.

• Wood pellets
• Propane
• Other
  • Specify other source of energy
  
  OR
• Don't know

Wood [– primary dwelling]

The following questions pertain to your primary dwelling.

[In addition to the forced air furnace that uses wood or wood pellets, d/In addition to the heating stove that uses wood or wood pellets, d/In addition to the boiler with hot water or steam radiators that uses wood or wood pellets, d/In addition to the heated floors that use wood or wood pellets, d/In addition to the fireplace that uses wood or wood pellets, d/In addition to the main heating system that uses wood or wood pellets, d/D]id you use wood or wood pellets in any other appliances inside [your primary dwelling/your home], such as for supplemental heating or cooking, in the past 12 months?

• Yes
• No

In which appliances?

Select all that apply.

• Heating stove that does not use wood pellets
• Heating stove that does use wood pellets
• Wood fireplace that does not have an insert for wood
• Wood fireplace that has an insert for wood
• Cook stove with oven
• Water heater
• Hydronic heater
  e.g., wood-fired boiler
• Forced air furnace
• Other
  • Specify other appliances

[Including the forced air furnace you mentioned earlier, w/Including the heating stove you mentioned earlier, w/Including the boiler with hot water or steam radiators you mentioned earlier, w/Including the heated floors you mentioned earlier, w/Including the other type of heating equipment you mentioned earlier, w/W]hich one did you use most often in the past 12 months?

• Heating stove that does not use wood pellets
• Heating stove that does use wood pellets
• Wood fireplace that does not have an insert for wood
• Wood fireplace that has an insert for wood
• Cook stove with oven
• Water heater
• Hydronic heater
  e.g., wood-fired boiler
• Forced air furnace
• [Forced air furnace/Heating stove/Boiler with hot water or steam radiators/Heated floors/Fireplace/Other type of heating equipment] (main heating system)

Thinking of your heating stove, is it a cook stove with oven?

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

Thinking of your fireplace that does not have an insert, is it open (i.e., it does not have doors)?

• Yes, it is open
• No
• Don't know

Thinking of your fireplace that does have an insert, is it open (i.e., it does not have doors)?

• Yes, it is open
• No
• Don't know

How old is your [heating stove that does not use wood pellets/heating stove that does use wood pellets/wood fireplace that does not have an insert for wood/wood fireplace that has an insert for wood/cook stove with oven/water heater/hydronic heater/forced air furnace/boiler with hot water or steam radiators/heating stove/heated floor system/fireplace/main heating system/appliance]?

Provide age in years or year purchased.

• Age in years
  • Age in years

Enter "0" if less than 12 months.

• Year purchased
  • Year
• Same age as the primary dwelling
• Don't know

Does your [heating stove that does not use wood pellets/heating stove that does use wood pellets/wood fireplace that does not have an insert for wood/wood fireplace that has an insert for wood/cook stove with oven/water heater/hydronic heater/forced air furnace/boiler with hot water or steam radiators/heating stove/heated floor system/fireplace/main heating system/appliance] have a gasket or rope seal around the door?

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

When was the last time the chimney or flue connected to your [heating stove that does not use wood pellets/heating stove that does use wood pellets/wood fireplace that does not have an insert for wood/wood fireplace that has an insert for wood/cook stove with oven/water heater/hydronic heater/forced air furnace/boiler with hot water or steam radiators/heating stove/heated floor system/fireplace/main heating system/appliance] was cleaned?

Exclude chimney cleaning logs.

• Within the last year
• 1 year to less than 3 years ago
• 3 years to less than 5 years ago
• 5 or more years ago
• Never
• Don't know

Do you have an outdoor wood oven or fireplace, a fire pit or something similar outside [your primary dwelling/your home]?

• Yes
• No

How many times did you use it in the past 12 months?

• Number of times

How often did you use your outdoor wood oven or fireplace, fire pit or something similar outside [your primary dwelling/your home]?

• Daily
• More than once a week
• More than once a month
• A few times a season
• A few times a year
• Other
  • Specify other frequency

Excluding wood pellets and manufactured logs, how much wood have you burned at home for heating, cooking and outdoors in the past 12 months?

• Unit of measure
  • Full or bush cords (8 feet long by 4 feet high by 4 feet wide; or 3 to 4 face cords)
  • Face cords (8 feet long by 4 feet high by 12 to 16 inches wide)
  • Full-sized pick-up trucks (8 foot box)
  • Compact-sized pick-up trucks (6 foot box)
  • Bags (64 bags = 1 full cord)
  • Logs (1 log = 16 inches in length)
  • Cubic feet
  • Cubic metres
  • Other – specify
    • Specify other unit of measure
• Quantity
  OR
• Not applicable

How much of this wood was burned during the winter heating season?

Was it:

• All
• At least half or more
• Less than half
• None

What type of wood was burned?

Was it:

• Mostly hard wood
• Mostly soft wood
• Mixed
• Don't know

Where do you obtain most of your wood from?

Is it:

• From trees on land around your home, including deadfall
• From trees on land [you own/your household owns] elsewhere
  e.g., your secondary residence
• From trees on land [you rent or lease/your household rents or leases]
• From trees cut on public land or Crown land
• From an individual, including neighbours
• From a store other than a lumber store
• From a lumber store
• From a wood or lumber or forestry company
• Other
  • Specify other source of your wood

For the wood that you burned, how was it cut?

• Mostly cut to length, but not split
  e.g., round wood
• Mostly cut to length and split
• Other
  • Specify how it was cut

Do you usually store your wood at home prior to burning?

• Yes
• No, it is usually burned immediately

How long is it typically stored for?

• Unit of time
  • Days
  • Weeks
  • Months
  • Seasons
  • Years
  • Other – specify
    • Specify other unit of time
• Length of time

Is your wood stored primarily indoors or outdoors?

It is stored:

• Primarily indoors

Include garages and sheds as indoors.

• Primarily outdoors

Is it covered or protected from the elements?

e.g., by a tarp or shelter

• Yes, covered on top and sides
• Yes, partially covered on top only
• Yes, partially covered on sides only
• No

In the past 12 months, did you use manufactured logs?

Manufactured logs, also known as eco logs, are made from sawdust and wood-shavings that have been formed into briquettes of high-energy fuel.

Exclude pressure-treated wood and logs to clean your chimney.

• Yes
• No

How many have you used at home?

• Unit of measure
  • Logs
  • Bags
  • Boxes/Cases
  • Pallets
  • Kilograms
  • Tonnes (metric)
  • Pounds
  • Tons (imperial)
  • Tons (United States)
  • Other – specify
    • Specify other unit of measure
• Quantity

How many logs are in a [bag/box/case/pallet]?

• Number of logs

Do you know the quantity of wood pellets used at home in the past 12 months?

• Yes
  • Unit of measure
    • Kilograms
    • Tonnes (metric)
    • Pounds
    • Tons (imperial)
    • Tons (United States)
    • Skid
    • Other – specify
      • Specify other unit of measure
  • Quantity
• No
• Did not use wood pellets

Would you say it is:

• 100 pounds (45 kilograms) or less
• 101 to 250 pounds (46 to 113 kilograms)
• 251 to 500 pounds (114 to 227 kilograms)
• 501 to 1,000 pounds (228 to 454 kilograms)
• 1,001 to 2,500 pounds (455 to 1,136 kilograms)
• 2,501 to 4,000 pounds (1,137 to 1,818 kilograms)
• 4,001 to 5,500 pounds (1,819 to 2,500 kilograms)
• 5,501 pounds (2,501 kilograms) or more
• Don't know

How do you purchase your wood pellets?

Select all that apply.

• Bags or boxes
• Bulk
• Other
  • Specify other type of purchase

Wood - secondary residence

The following questions pertain to your secondary residence.

[In addition to the forced air furnace that uses wood or wood pellets, d/In addition to the heating stove that uses wood or wood pellets, d/In addition to the boiler with hot water or steam radiators that uses wood or wood pellets, d/In addition to the heated floors that use wood or wood pellets, d/In addition to the fireplace that uses wood or wood pellets, d/In addition to the main heating system that uses wood or wood pellets, d/D]id you use wood or wood pellets in any other appliances inside your secondary residence, such as for supplemental heating or cooking, in the past 12 months?

• Yes
• No

In which appliances?

Select all that apply.

• Heating stove that does not use wood pellets
• Heating stove that does use wood pellets
• Wood fireplace that does not have an insert for wood
• Wood fireplace that has an insert for wood
• Cook stove with oven
• Water heater
• Hydronic heater
  e.g., wood-fired boiler
• Forced air furnace
• Other
  • Specify other appliances

[Including the forced air furnace you mentioned earlier, w/Including the heating stove you mentioned earlier, w/Including the boiler with hot water or steam radiators you mentioned earlier, w/Including the heated floors you mentioned earlier, w/Including the fireplace you mentioned earlier, w/Including the other type of heating equipment you mentioned earlier, w/W]hich one did you use most often in the past 12 months at your secondary residence?

• Heating stove that does not use wood pellets
• Heating stove that does use wood pellets
• Wood fireplace that does not have an insert for wood
• Wood fireplace that has an insert for wood
• Cook stove with oven
• Water heater
• Hydronic heater
  e.g., wood-fired boiler
• Forced air furnace
• [Forced air furnace/Heating stove/Boiler with hot water or steam radiators/Heated floors/Fireplace/Other type of heating equipment] (main heating system)

Thinking of your heating stove, is it a cook stove with oven?

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

Thinking of your fireplace that does not have an insert, is it open (i.e., it does not have doors)?

• Yes, it is open
• No
• Don't know

Thinking of your fireplace that does have an insert, is it open (i.e., it does not have doors)?

• Yes, it is open
• No
• Don't know

How old is your [heating stove that does not use wood pellets/heating stove that does use wood pellets/wood fireplace that does not have an insert for wood/wood fireplace that has an insert for wood/cook stove with oven/water heater/hydronic heater/forced air furnace/boiler with hot water or steam radiators/heating stove/heated floor system/fireplace/main heating system/appliance]?

Provide age in years or year purchased.

• Age in years
  • Age in years

Enter "0" if less than 12 months.

• Year purchased
  • Year
• Same age as the secondary residence
• Don't know

Does your [heating stove that does not use wood pellets/heating stove that does use wood pellets/wood fireplace that does not have an insert for wood/wood fireplace that has an insert for wood/cook stove with oven/water heater/hydronic heater/forced air furnace/boiler with hot water or steam radiators/heating stove/heated floor system/fireplace/main heating system/appliance] have a gasket or rope seal around the door?

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

When was the last time the chimney or flue connected to it was cleaned at your secondary residence?

Exclude chimney cleaning logs.

• Within the last year
• 1 year to less than 3 years ago
• 3 years to less than 5 years ago
• 5 or more years ago
• Never
• Don't know

Do you have an outdoor wood oven or fireplace, a fire pit or something similar outside your secondary residence?

• Yes
• No

How many times did you use it in the past 12 months?

• Number of times

How often did you use your outdoor wood oven or fireplace, fire pit or something similar outside your secondary residence?

• Daily
• More than once a week
• More than once a month
• A few times a season
• A few times a year
• Other
  • Specify other frequency

Excluding wood pellets and manufactured logs, how much wood have you burned at your secondary residence for heating, cooking and outdoors in the past 12 months?

• Unit of measure
  • Full or bush cords (8 feet long by 4 feet high by 4 feet wide; or 3 to 4 face cords)
  • Face cords (8 feet long by 4 feet high by 12 to 16 inches wide)
  • Full-sized pick-up trucks (8 foot box)
  • Compact-sized pick-up trucks (6 foot box)
  • Bags (64 bags = 1 full cord)
  • Logs (1 log = 16 inches in length)
  • Cubic feet
  • Cubic metres
  • Other – specify
    • Specify other unit of measure
• Quantity
  OR
• Not applicable

How much of this wood was burned during the winter heating season at your secondary residence?

Was it:

• All
• At least half or more
• Less than half
• None

What type of wood was burned?

Was it:

• Mostly hard wood
• Mostly soft wood
• Mixed
• Don't know

Where do you obtain most of your wood from at your secondary residence?

Is it:

• From trees on land around your secondary residence, including deadfall
• From trees on land [you own/your household owns] elsewhere
  e.g., your primary dwelling
• From trees on land [you rent or lease/your household rents or leases]
• From trees cut on public land or Crown land
• From an individual, including neighbours
• From a store other than a lumber store
• From a lumber store
• From a wood or lumber or forestry company
• Other
  • Specify other source of your wood

For the wood that you burned at your secondary residence, how was it cut?

• Mostly cut to length, but not split
  e.g., round wood
• Mostly cut to length and split
• Other
  • Specify how it was cut

Do you usually store your wood at your secondary residence prior to burning?

• Yes
• No, it is usually burned immediately

How long is it typically stored for?

• Unit of time
  • Days
  • Weeks
  • Months
  • Seasons
  • Years
  • Other – specify
    • Specify other unit of time
• Length of time

Is your wood stored primarily indoors or outdoors?

It is stored:

• Primarily indoors

Include garages and sheds as indoors.

• Primarily outdoors

Is it covered or protected from the elements?

e.g., by a tarp or shelter

• Yes, covered on top and sides
• Yes, partially covered on top only
• Yes, partially covered on sides only
• No

In the past 12 months, did you use manufactured logs at your secondary residence?

Manufactured logs, also known as eco logs, are made from sawdust and wood-shavings that have been formed into briquettes of high-energy fuel.

Exclude pressure-treated wood and logs to clean your chimney.

• Yes
• No

How many have you used at your secondary residence?

• Unit of measure
  • Logs
  • Bags
  • Boxes/Cases
  • Pallets
  • Kilograms
  • Tonnes (metric)
  • Pounds
  • Tons (imperial)
  • Tons (United States)
  • Other – specify
    • Specify other unit of measure
• Quantity

How many logs are in a [bag/box/case/pallet]?

• Number of logs

Do you know the quantity of wood pellets used at your secondary residence in the past 12 months?

• Yes
  • Unit of measure
    • Kilograms
    • Tonnes (metric)
    • Pounds
    • Tons (imperial)
    • Tons (United States)
    • Skid
    • Other – specify
      • Specify other unit of measure
  • Quantity
• No
• Did not use wood pellets

Would you say it is:

• 100 pounds (45 kilograms) or less
• 101 to 250 pounds (46 to 113 kilograms)
• 251 to 500 pounds (114 to 227 kilograms)
• 501 to 1,000 pounds (228 to 454 kilograms)
• 1,001 to 2,500 pounds (455 to 1,136 kilograms)
• 2,501 to 4,000 pounds (1,137 to 1,818 kilograms)
• 4,001 to 5,500 pounds (1,819 to 2,500 kilograms)
• 5,501 pounds (2,501 kilograms) or more
• Don't know

How do you purchase your wood pellets?

Select all that apply.

• Bags or boxes
• Bulk
• Other
  • Specify other type of purchase

Information

The next questions are about [your primary dwelling/your dwelling].

Energy use and home heating [– primary dwelling]

The next questions are about the use of energy in [your primary dwelling/your dwelling].

[Do you/Does your household] use any alternative energy sources in your dwelling besides electricity, natural gas, heating oil, propane, wood or wood pellets?

• Yes
• No

Which alternative energy sources do you use?

Select all that apply.

• Geothermal
• Solar panels used to heat water
• Solar panels used to generate electricity
  e.g., photovoltaic
• Wind power
• Biofuels
  e.g., biodiesel
• Other
  • Specify other alternative energy sources

Which of the following types of air conditioners does your dwelling have?

Select all that apply. 

• A central air system
• A stand-alone unit in a window or elsewhere
• Mini-split through wall heat pump
• A heat pump
• A heat-recovery ventilation unit (HRV)
• Other
  • Specify other type of air conditioner
  
  OR
• This dwelling does not have an air conditioner

How many stand-alone units in a window or elsewhere are in your dwelling?

• Number of stand-alone units

What is the cooling capacity of the standalone unit used most often?

If you don't know the cooling capacity, enter "0".

• Cooling capacity in BTUs

Does your dwelling have a thermostat?

A thermostat can control or regulate the temperature in your dwelling.

• Yes
• No

Do you have more than one thermostat?

• Yes
• No

[Is it/Is your main thermostat] programmable?

[The main thermostat is the one you use most often.]
A programmable thermostat can be set to automatically change the temperature according to the time of day.

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

Is it programmed?

• Yes
• No

Are any of the thermostats in your dwelling connected to the Internet?

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

During the winter season, at what temperature is the dwelling usually kept?

Round up to the nearest degree.

When you are there and awake

• Temperature

Report in °C or °F
OR

• Heating system turned off
• Don't know

When you are asleep

• Temperature

Report in °C or °F
OR

• Heating system turned off
• Don't know

Compared to when you are there and awake, what is the temperature when you are asleep?

Is it:

• Higher
• Lower
• Same

When using your air conditioner during the summer season, at what temperature is the dwelling usually kept?

Round up to the nearest degree.

When you are there and awake

• Temperature

Report in °C or °F
OR

• Air conditioner turned off
• Don't know

When you are asleep

• Temperature

Report in °C or °F
OR

• Air conditioner turned off
• Don't know

Compared to when you are there and awake, what is the temperature when you are asleep?

Is it:

• Higher
• Lower
• Same

When using your air conditioner during the summer season, at what temperature is the dwelling usually kept when you are not at home?

Round up to the nearest degree.

• Temperature

Report in °C or °F
OR

• Air conditioner turned off
• Don't know

The next questions are about [your primary dwelling/your dwelling].

Do you have any of the following types of energy saving lights?

Select all that apply.

Such as:

• Compact fluorescent lights
  e.g., corkscrew or spiral
• Fluorescent tubes
• Halogen lights
• LED holiday lights
• Other types of LED lights
  OR
• None of the above

What proportion of all of the lights in your dwelling are LEDs? 

• All
• More than half
• Half
• Less than half

Has an energy audit ever been conducted for your dwelling?

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

Thinking about your energy audit, provide the following details.

a. Was it conducted in the last 10 years?

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

b. Were any changes made to the dwelling as a result of the audit?

e.g., replacing windows, upgrading insulation, replacing or upgrading furnace, or installing programmable thermostats

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

c. Was a government grant received as part of a home energy retrofit program?

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

How many windows do you have in your dwelling?

Include all exterior windows, windows in exterior doors (including patio doors), basement windows and windows that cannot be opened.

• Number of windows 

Thinking of the majority of the windows in your dwelling, what type are they?

Exclude windows in doors and patio doors.

• Standard single pane with storm window

A storm window is an extra window pane installed either outside or inside of the main glass window to give extra wind protection and weather insulation.

• Standard single pane
• Standard double pane (with or without argon gas)
• Standard triple pane sealed unit (with or without argon gas)
• Other
  • Specify the other type
• Don't know

In the past 12 months, were any of the following improvements made to your dwelling?

Select all that apply.

• Replaced or upgraded the heating equipment
• Replaced or upgraded the water heater 
• Replaced windows
• Re-caulked windows
• Replaced or added insulation 
• Replaced or installed exterior wall siding
• Replaced exterior doors
• Installed or upgraded a thermostat
• Installed solar photovoltaic panels
• Installed a solar hot water system
• Installed drain-water heat recovery system
• Replaced or installed central air conditioning or ventilation
• Repaired the foundation
• Replaced roof
• Other
  • Specify the other improvements
  
  OR
• None of the above

What proportion of the windows in the dwelling were replaced?

• All
• More than half
• Half
• Less than half
• Don't know

What proportion of the windows in the dwelling were re-caulked?

• All
• More than half
• Half
• Less than half
• Don't know

What proportion of the exterior doors in the dwelling were replaced?

• All
• More than half
• Half
• Less than half
• Don't know

Do you plan to make any of the following improvements in the next 5 years?

• Replace or upgrade the heating equipment
• Replace or upgrade the water heater 
• Replace windows
• Re-caulk windows
• Replace or add insulation 
• Replace or install exterior wall siding
• Replace exterior doors
• Install or upgrade a thermostat
• Install solar photovoltaic panels
• Install a solar hot water system
• Install drain-water heat recovery system
• Replace or install central air conditioning or ventilation
• Repair the foundation
• Replace roof
• Other
  • Specify the other improvements
  
  OR
• None of the above
  OR
• Don't know

What proportion of the windows in the dwelling are planned to be replaced?

• All
• More than half
• Half
• Less than half
• Don't know

What proportion of the windows in the dwelling are planned to be re-caulked?

• All
• More than half
• Half
• Less than half
• Don't know

What proportion of the exterior doors in the dwelling are planned to be replaced?

• All
• More than half
• Half
• Less than half
• Don't know

Appliances [– primary dwelling]

How many refrigerators [do you/does your household] have?

Exclude refrigerators that are not regularly used or are not plugged in.
If [you do/your household does] not have any refrigerators, enter "0".

• Number
  OR
• Don't know

How many stand-alone freezers [do you/does your household] have?

Include upright and chest freezers.
If [you do/your household does] not have any stand-alone freezer, enter "0".

• Number
  OR
• Don't know

Thinking of the [most frequently used] stand-alone freezer, what type is it?

• Upright
• Chest
• Don't know

What size is this [upright/chest] freezer?

• Very small (less than 7.0 cubic feet)
• Small (7.1 to 13.9 cubic feet)
• Medium (14.0 to 17.9 cubic feet)
• Large (18.0 to 22.9 cubic feet)
• Very large (23 cubic feet or larger)
• Don't know

How many regular stoves or ranges [do you/does your household] have?

Include gas, conventional electric and electric induction ranges and stoves that have both an oven and a stovetop.
Exclude built-in ovens that have no cooktops, and separate cooktops that have no oven.
If [you do/your household does] not have any regular stoves or ranges, enter "0".

• Number
  OR
• Don't know

Thinking of the stove or range [most frequently used], what is its source of energy?

Select all that apply.

• Electricity
• Natural gas
• Oil
• Wood

Exclude wood pellets.

• Wood pellets
• Propane
• Other
  • Specify the other source of energy
  
  OR
• Don't know

What type is it?

• Convectional electric
• Induction

Electric stove that uses electromagnetism to heat cookware.

• Don't know

How many minutes a day is this stove or range used?

Provide your best estimate.

• Less than 30 minutes a day
• 30 minutes to less than 60 minutes a day
• 60 minutes to less than 90 minutes a day
• 90 minutes to less than 2 hours a day
• 2 hours a day or more
• Don't know

How many separate cook-tops [do you/does your household] have?

A separate cook-top is a cooking stove that does not have an oven below it.
Include built-in countertop, cook-tops, and cooking surfaces.
Exclude plug-in devices such as hot-plates, air fryers, electric grills, BBQs, etc.
If [you do/your household does] not have any separate cook-top, enter "0".

• Number
  OR
• Don't know

Thinking of the separate cook-top [most frequently used], what is its source of energy?

Select all that apply.

• Electricity
• Natural gas
• Oil
• Wood

Exclude wood pellets.

• Wood pellets
• Propane
• Other
  • Specify the other source of energy
  
  OR
• Don't know

What type is it?

• Convectional electric
• Induction

Electric stove that uses electromagnetism to heat cookware.

• Don't know

How many built-in ovens [do you/does your household] have?

A built-in oven is an oven that is not part of a cook-top.
Exclude toaster ovens.
If [you do/your household does] not have any built-in oven, enter "0".

• Number
  OR
• Don't know

How many dishwashers [do you/does your household] have?

If [you do/your household does] not have any dishwashers, enter "0".

• Number
  OR
• Don't know

Thinking of the most frequently used dishwasher, are the dishes rinsed before they are put in the dishwasher?

• Always or almost always
• Often
• Sometimes
• Rarely
• Never
• Don't know

How are the dishes usually dried?

• Heated dry cycle
• Unheated dry, door closed
• Air dried, door open
• Don't know

How many clothes washing machines [do you/does your household] have?

[Report the number of clothes washing machines in your apartment unit. Exclude communal clothes washers.]
If [you do/your household does] not have any clothes washing machines, enter "0".

• Number
  OR
• Don't know

What water temperature is most often used for the following cycles?

a. Wash cycle

• Hot
• Warm
• Cold
• Don't know

b. Rinse cycle

• Hot
• Warm
• Cold
• Don't know

In an average week, how many loads of laundry are washed in your dwelling?

• Number of loads in the summer
• Number of loads in the winter
  OR
• Don't know

[Do you/Does your household] use the steam setting of the washing machine?

• Yes
• No
• Don't know
• Washing machine does not have a steam setting

How many clothes dryers [do you/does your household] have?

[Report the number of clothes dryer machines in your apartment unit. Exclude communal clothes dryers.]
If [you do/your household does] not have any clothes dryers, enter "0".

• Number
  OR
• Don't know

In an average week, how many loads of laundry are dried using the clothes dryer in your dwelling?

• Number of loads in the summer
• Number of loads in the winter
  OR
• Don't know

Thinking of the clothes dryer used most often, what is its source of energy?

Select all that apply. 

• Electricity only
• Natural gas only
• Electricity and natural gas
• Oil
• Wood

Exclude wood pellets.

• Wood pellets
• Propane
• Other
  • Specify the other source of energy
  
  OR
• Don't know

What size is this clothes dryer?

• Compact (less than 125 litres / 28 gallons capacity)
• Standard (125 litres / 28 gallons capacity or more)
• Don't know

[Do you/Does your household] use the steam setting of this clothes dryer?

• Yes
• No
• Don't know
• Clothes dryer does not have a steam setting

Humidifier: Adds extra moisture to the air.

How many portable humidifiers [do you/does your household] have?

If [you do/your household does] not have any portable humidifiers, enter "0".

• Number
  OR
• Don't know

Thinking of the [most frequently used] portable humidifier, how often is it used during summer and winter?

a. Summer

• Every day
• A few times a week
• A few times a month
• A few times in the season
• Rarely or never

b. Winter

• Every day
• A few times a week
• A few times a month
• A few times in the season
• Rarely or never

How many built-in humidifiers [do you/does your household] have?

Built-in humidifiers are typically part of a forced air system.
If [you do/your household does] not have any built-in humidifiers, enter "0".

• Number
  OR
• Don't know

Thinking of the [most frequently used] built-in humidifier, how often is it used during the summer and winter?

a. Summer

• Every day
• A few times a week
• A few times a month
• A few times in the season
• Rarely or never
• System operates automatically

b. Winter

• Every day
• A few times a week
• A few times a month
• A few times in the season
• Rarely or never
• System operates automatically

Dehumidifier: Removes excess moisture from the air.

How many portable dehumidifiers [do you/does your household] have?

If [you do/your household does] not have any portable dehumidifiers, enter "0".

• Number
  OR
• Don't know

Thinking of the [most frequently used] portable dehumidifier, how often is it used during the summer and winter?

a. Summer

• Every day
• A few times a week
• A few times a month
• A few times in the season
• Rarely or never

b. Winter

• Every day
• A few times a week
• A few times a month
• A few times in the season
• Rarely or never

How many built-in dehumidifiers (excluding devices used only for work purposes) [do you/does your household] have?

Built-in dehumidifiers are typically part of a forced air system.
If [you do/your household does] not have any built-in dehumidifiers, enter "0".

• Number
  OR
• Don't know

Thinking of the [most frequently used] build-in dehumidifier, how often is it used during the summer and winter?

a. Summer

• Every day
• A few times a week
• A few times a month
• A few times in the season
• Rarely or never
• System operates automatically

b. Winter

• Every day
• A few times a week
• A few times a month
• A few times in the season
• Rarely or never
• System operates automatically

How many ceiling fans are in the dwelling?

If this dwelling does not have ceiling fans, enter "0".

• Number
  OR
• Don't know

Thinking of the [most frequently used] ceiling fan, does it have lights?

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

How many hours a day is this ceiling fan typically used during the summer?

• Number of hours
  OR
• Don't know

How many hours a day is this ceiling fan typically used during the winter?

• Number of hours
  OR
• Don't know

How many air purifiers does the dwelling have?

If this dwelling does not have air purifiers, enter "0".

• Number
  OR
• Don't know

How many water coolers does the dwelling have?

Exclude water coolers built into a refrigerator and picnic coolers.
If this dwelling does not have water coolers, enter "0".

• Number
  OR
• Don't know

Electronic devices [– primary dwelling]

Excluding devices used only for work purposes, how many of each of the following electronic devices [do you/does your household] own?

a. Cell phones, including smart phones, for personal use

• Quantity

               
b. Televisions

• Quantity

c. Devices used with a television

e.g., receiver boxes, video game consoles, Blu-ray, DVD players

• Quantity

d. Sounds systems, including home theatre systems

Include radios, stereos, Bluetooth speakers and Bluetooth headphones.

• Quantity

               
e. Small portable media devices

e.g., portable gaming devices, iPods, MP3 players

• Quantity

f. Computers or tablets for personal use

Include desktop, laptop, notebook computers, e-readers.

• Quantity

               
g. Computer monitors for personal use

Exclude tablets, iPads.

• Quantity

               
h. Printers and scanners for personal use

i. Landline phones with or without cords, VoIP phones

Include the number of handsets.
Exclude cell phones and smart phones.

• Quantity

               
j. Smart home devices

e.g., Alexa, Google Home, Apple HomePod

• Quantity

               
k. Network equipment

e.g., modems, routers, Wifi hotspots

• Quantity

Water [– primary dwelling]

The next questions are about the use of water in your dwelling.

What is your dwelling's main source of water?

Is it:

• Water supplied by your city, town or municipality
• Water from a private well
• Water from a surface source
  e.g., spring, lake, river or dugout
• Other
  • Specify other source of water

During the past 12 months, what type of water did [you/your household] primarily use for drinking at home? 

Was it:

• Tap water
• Bottled water

Include purchased water in a water cooler, tank or other dispenser.

• Other
  • Specify other type of water

During the past 12 months, did [you/your household] occasionally use [bottled water/tap water] for drinking at home?

• Yes
• No

During the past 12 months, did you do any of the following to the main water source?

Select all that apply.

Did you:

• Use a filter or purifier on the main water supply pipe
• Use a filter or purifier on the taps
• Include built-in water dispensers in your refrigerator.
• Use a jug filter
  e.g., Brita system
• Boil water in order to make it safe for drinking
  OR
• Did nothing

In the past 12 months, were you informed of a boil water advisory for your area?

• Yes
• No

How many times were you informed of a boil water advisory?

• Number of times
  OR
• Don't know

What did you do in response to the boil water advisory?

Select all that apply.

Did you:

• Boil your water
• Use bottled water instead of tap water
• Filter your water before drinking it
• Treat your water with chlorine or water purification tablets
• Other
  • Specify other action taken

What type of filter or purifier was used on the main water supply pipe?

Select all that apply.

Was it:

• An activated charcoal or carbon filter
• A ceramic filter
• A reverse osmosis system
• An ultraviolet light system
• A distilled water system
• A water softener
• Other
  • Specify other type of filter or purifier

[Other than due to a boil water advisory, why/Why] did you treat the main water source?

Select all that apply.

Was it:

• To improve the appearance, taste or odour
• To remove water treatment chemicals such as chlorine
• To soften the water
• To remove metals or minerals other than for hard water problems
• To remove possible bacterial contamination
• Only treated because of the boil water advisory
• The treatment device was already installed or pre-existing
• Other
  • Specify other reason for treatment

In the past 12 months, did you have your water tested by a laboratory?

A laboratory is a public or private establishment where the quality of water is tested and analysed.
Exclude home testing kits.

• Yes
• No

Were any problems found?

• Yes
• No

What type of sewer or septic system is your dwelling connected to?

Is it:

• The sewer system of your city, town or municipality
• A private septic system, including holding tanks
• A communal septic system
• Other
  • Specify other type of system      

When was the last time your septic tank or system was pumped, maintained or inspected?

Was it:

• Within the last year
• 1 year to less than 3 years ago
• 3 years to less than 5 years ago
• 5 or more years ago
• Never
• Don't know

Were there any problems found the last time your septic system was pumped, maintained or inspected?

• Yes
• No

Is your water heater located in your dwelling?

• Yes
• No, it is centralized and shared with other units
• No, it is located outside the dwelling
  e.g., in an out-building or shed
• • Specify the outside location of your water heater
• No, it is located somewhere else
  • Specify the location of your water heater
• Don't know

Did [you/your household] replace a previous water heater with your current hot water heater?

• Yes
• No

What was the main reason for replacing the hot water heater? Was it:

• Planned or scheduled replacement
• Emergency replacement
• To save energy on water heating
• To change energy sources
  e.g., from electricity to natural gas
• Other
  • Specify the other reason for replacing the water heater
• Don't know

Water — secondary residence

The following questions are about your secondary residence.

What type of sewer or septic system is your secondary dwelling connected to? 

Is it:

• The sewer system of your city, town or municipality
• A private septic system with a leaching bed
• Private holding tanks
• A communal septic system
• An outhouse or latrine
• A composting toilet
• An incinerator toilet
• Other
  • Specify other type of system

When was the last time the septic tank or system at your secondary dwelling was pumped, maintained or inspected?

Was it:

• Within the last year
• 1 year to less than 3 years ago
• 3 years to less than 5 years ago
• 5 or more years ago
• Never

Were there any problems found the last time the septic system at your secondary dwelling was pumped, maintained or inspected?

• Yes
• No

Water [– primary dwelling]

The next questions are about [your primary dwelling/your dwelling].

Do you have any of the following at [your primary dwelling/your dwelling]?

a. A meter to measure your water use

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

b. A water saving, low-flow showerhead

Low flow showerheads are able to regulate the flow of water. Traditionally they run at a higher pressure than regular flow showerheads.

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

c. A low-volume toilet

Include high efficiency toilets or toilets where the water volume has been modified.
e.g., adding a brick or bottle to the tank

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

d. An in-ground swimming pool

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

e. A permanent above ground swimming pool

Not removed and stored seasonally.

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

f. A temporary above ground swimming pool

Removed and stored seasonally.

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

g. A hot tub

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

h. A sauna

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

Do you have a lawn or an area with grass?

• Yes
• No

Last summer, did [you/anyone in your household] water your lawn?

Include automatic sprinkler and irrigation systems.

• Yes
• No
• Not applicable

No lawn or area with grass last summer.

How was your lawn usually watered?

Select all that apply.

Was it:

• By hand using a watering can or a hose

Include soaker hoses.

• With a stand-alone sprinkler

Exclude a sprinkler system.

• With a sprinkler system
• Other

Was it connected to a timer?

• Yes
• No

Was it connected to a timer?

• Yes
• No

How old is the sprinkler system?

Provide best estimate in years. For systems installed within the last 12 months, enter "0".

• Age in years

Do you have a garden or areas with trees, shrubs, flowers or vegetables on your property?

• Yes
• No

Last summer, did [you/anyone in your household] water these areas?

• Yes
• No
• Not applicable

No garden or areas with trees, shrubs, flowers or vegetables last summer.

How were these areas usually watered?

Select all that apply.

Was it:

• By hand using a watering can or a hose

Include soaker hoses.

• With a stand-alone sprinkler or sprinkler system
• Other

Was the sprinkler or sprinkler system connected to a timer?

• Yes
• No

Do you have a barrel or cistern to collect rain water?

• Yes
• No

Fertilizer and pesticide use [– primary dwelling]

The following questions are about fertilizer and pesticide use.

In the past 12 months, were any chemical fertilizers applied to your [lawn/garden or flowerbed/lawn, garden or flowerbed]?

Chemical fertilizers are chemicals given to plants with the intention of promoting growth. They are usually applied either via the soil or by spraying.

Include chemical fertilizers applied by commercial operators.

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

In the past 12 months, were any organic or natural fertilizers applied to your [lawn/garden or flowerbed/lawn, garden or flowerbed]?

Natural or organic fertilizers can include such items as compost, manure and mulch or products sold at retail establishments labelled as "natural" or "organic".

Include natural or organic fertilizers applied by commercial operators.

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

In the past 12 months, were any chemical pesticides such as weed killers (herbicides), bug killers (insecticides), or fungicides applied to your [lawn/garden or flowerbed/lawn, garden or flowerbed]?

Include fertilizer and herbicide mixes such as "Weed and Feed".

Include chemical pesticides applied by commercial operators.

• Yes
• No

What types of chemical pesticides were applied to your [lawn/garden or flowerbed/lawn, garden or flowerbed]?

Select all that apply.

• Weed killer (herbicides)
• Bug killer (insecticides)
• Fungicide

In the past 12 months, were any organic or natural pesticides applied to your [lawn/garden or flowerbed/lawn, garden or flowerbed]?

Include all natural, organic and barrier methods such as natural sprays, beer traps, and beneficial nemotodes.

Include natural or organic pesticides applied by commercial operators.

• Yes
• No

Recreational vehicles and outdoor equipment [– primary dwelling]

The next questions are about recreational vehicles and outdoor equipment.

[Have you/Has anyone in your household] owned any of the following recreational vehicles in the last 12 months?

Select all that apply.

• All-terrain vehicle (ATV)
• Snowmobile
• Dirt bike or motocross motorcycle
• Personal watercraft
  e.g., Jet Ski or Sea-Doo
• Motorboat with an inboard or outboard motor
  OR
• Household does not own any of these recreational vehicles

In the past 12 months, did [you/anyone in your household] use a lawnmower?

• Yes
• No

What type of engine did it have?

If you used more than one lawnmower, select all that apply.

• Gas
• Battery-powered
• Electric
• Manual

e.g., push reel

In the past 12 months, did [you/anyone in your household] use a grass trimmer?

Also known as string trimmer, weed trimmer, whipper snipper or Weed Eater.

• Yes
• No

What type of engine did it have?

If you used more than one grass trimmer, select all that apply.

• Gas
• Battery-powered
• Electric

In the past 12 months, did [you/anyone in your household] use a leaf blower?

• Yes
• No

What type of engine did it have?

If you used more than one leaf blower, select all that apply.

• Gas
• Battery-powered
• Electric

In the past 12 months, did [you/anyone in your household] use a chain saw at home?

• Yes
• No

What type of engine did it have?

If you used more than one chain saw, select all that apply.

• Gas
• Battery-powered
• Electric

In the past 12 months, did [you/anyone in your household] use a snow blower?

• Yes
• No

What type of engine did it have?

If you used more than one snow blower, select all that apply.

• Gas
• Battery-powered
• Electric

Indoor environment [– primary dwelling]

Have you ever heard of radon?

• Yes
• No

Do you consider radon to be a health hazard?

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

There are many substances that have similar characteristics to radon. Which of the following statements best describes radon?

Radon is:

• A gas that comes from natural gas in furnaces and water heaters, and at high levels can cause death
• A gas that comes from the ground and can cause lung cancer
• A gas that comes from carpets, furniture and paints, and can cause irritation in the eyes, nose and throat
• A gas found in air conditioners and refrigerators that can damage the ozone layer
• Don't know

Has your dwelling ever been tested for radon?

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

Was it tested in the last 10 years?

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

Did the results of the test indicate a problem?

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

Have you taken any steps to reduce radon in your home, such as installing a radon reduction system?

e.g., a sub-slab depressurization system

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

Composting [– primary dwelling]

The next questions are about composting.

During the past 12 months, did [you/your household] separate any kitchen waste from the rest of your garbage and put it out for compost collection, take it to a depot or put it in a compost bin or pile?

• Yes
• No

How was your kitchen waste composted?

Select all that apply.

• Collected by your city or private company
• Taken to a depot
• Put in a compost bin, pile or garden
• Other

In the past 12 months, did [you/your household] separate any yard waste such as leaves, plants, or grass clippings from the rest of your garbage and put it out for collection, take it to a depot, or put it in a compost bin or pile, or garden?

• Yes
• No

How was your yard waste composted?

Select all that apply.

• Collected by your city or private company
• Taken to a depot
• Put in a compost bin, pile or garden
• Other

During the past 12 months, did [you/your household] separate any compostable bioplastics from the rest of your garbage and put it out for compost collection, take it to a depot or put it in a compost bin or pile?

Examples include some types of drink cups and take out food packaging. Typically, these items are labelled as compostable.

• Yes
• No

How were your compostable bioplastics composted?

Select all that apply.

• Collected by your city or private company
• Taken to a depot
• Put in a compost bin, pile or garden
• Other

[Do you/Does your household] have access to a municipal composting or organics collection program for [kitchen waste/yard waste/compostable bioplastics/kitchen waste and yard waste/kitchen waste and compostable bioplastics/yard waste and compostable bioplastics/kitchen waste, yard waste, and compostable bioplastics]?

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

Air quality [– primary dwelling]

In the past 12 months, did [you/anyone in your household] burn yard waste on your property?

Include leaves, branches and grass clippings.

• Yes
• No

In the past 12 months, did [you/anyone in your household] burn household waste on your property?

Include all household items that can be burned.

Exclude yard waste and materials generated from the operation of a business.

• Yes
• No

Hazardous waste [– primary dwelling]

The next questions are about the disposal of hazardous products.

In the past 12 months, did [you/anyone in your household] have any leftover or expired medication to dispose of?

• Yes
• No

What did you do with them?

Select all that apply.

• Put them in the garbage
• Took or sent them to a depot or drop off centre
• Returned them to a supplier or retailer, including a pharmacy or doctor
• Poured them down the drain, sewer, toilet, sink, or on the ground
• Still have them
• Other

In the past 12 months, did [you/anyone in your household] have any medical sharps to dispose of?

Include syringes, needles, insulin pens and lancets.

• Yes
• No

What did you do with them?

Select all that apply.

• Put them in the garbage
• Used a medical sharps disposal program
• Returned them to a pharmacy or doctor
• Took or sent them to a depot or drop off centre
• Still have them
• Other

In the past 12 months, did [you/anyone in your household] have any leftover paint or solvents to dispose of?

• Yes
• No

What did you do with them?

Select all that apply.

• Put them in the garbage
• Took or sent them to a depot or drop off centre
• Returned them to a supplier or retailer
• Donated or gave them away
• Still have them
• Other

In the past 12 months, did [you/anyone in your household] have any unwanted engine oil or anti-freeze to dispose of?

• Yes
• No

What did you do with them?

Select all that apply.

• Put them in the garbage
• Took or sent them to a depot or drop off centre
• Returned them to a supplier or retailer
• Still have them
• Other

Excluding car batteries, in the past 12 months, did [you/anyone in your household] have any dead or unwanted batteries to dispose of?

Include general purpose batteries such as AA batteries, cellphone, PDA, laptop computer, hearing aid and watch batteries.

Exclude car, motorcycle, boat (marine) and tractor batteries.

• Yes
• No

What did you do with them?

Select all that apply.

• Put them in the garbage
• Took or sent them to a depot or drop off centre
• Returned them to a supplier or retailer
• Still have them
• Other

In the past 12 months, did [you/anyone in your household] have any leftover pesticides to dispose of?

• Yes
• No

What did you do with them?

Select all that apply.

• Put them in the garbage
• Took or sent them to a depot or drop off centre
• Returned them to a supplier or retailer
• Still have them
• Other

In the past 12 months, did [you/anyone in your household] have any mattresses to dispose of?

• Yes
• No

What did you do with them?

Select all that apply.

• Put them in the garbage
• Took or sent them to a depot or drop off centre
• Returned them to a supplier or retailer
• Donated or gave them away
• Sold them
• Still have them
• Other

In the past 12 months, did [you/anyone in your household] have any textiles to dispose of?

Textiles are composed of natural or synthetic fibers, including any combination of animal-derived material such as wool or silk, plant-derived material such as linen and cotton, and synthetic material such as polyester or nylon.

e.g., towels, shoes, purses, clothing, curtains and carpets

• Yes
• No

What did you do with them?

Select all that apply.

• Put them in the garbage
• Took or sent them to a depot or drop off centre
• Returned them to a supplier or retailer
• Donated or gave them away
• Sold them
• Still have them
• Other

In the past 12 months, which of the following unwanted electronic products did [you/anyone in your household] have to dispose of?

Select all that apply.

• Computers
• Printers or fax machines
• Televisions or computer displays
• Audio-video equipment

Include DVD players, VCRs, speakers, portable digital music players.

• Set-top boxes
  e.g., cable TV boxes, PVRs
• Electronic gaming equipment
• Wearable electronics
  e.g., smart watches, fitness trackers
• Cellular phones
• Landline telephones, including cordless phones

Exclude cell phones.

• Microwave ovens
• Small appliances

e.g., coffee makers, kettles, hand mixers, power drills, power saws
OR

• None of the above

What did you do with your unwanted computers?

Select all that apply.

Did you:

• Put them in the garbage
• Take or send them to a depot or drop off centre
• Return them to a supplier or retailer
• Donate or give them away
• Repair them
• Sell them
• Still have them
• Other

Why do you still have your unwanted computers?

Select all that apply. 

• They still work
• Waiting for date to bring them at the drop-off centre 
• Planning to reuse them
• Planning on selling them
• Planning on giving them away  
• Other
  OR
• Do not know how or where to dispose of them

What did you do with your unwanted printers or fax machines?

Select all that apply.

Did you:

• Put them in the garbage
• Take or send them to a depot or drop off centre
• Return them to a supplier or retailer
• Donate or give them away
• Repair them
• Sell them
• Still have them
• Other

Why do you still have your unwanted printers or fax machines?
Select all that apply. 

• They still work
• Waiting for date to bring them at the drop-off centre 
• Planning to reuse them
• Planning on selling them
• Planning on giving them away  
• Other
  OR
• Do not know how or where to dispose of them

What did you do with your unwanted televisions or computer displays?

Select all that apply.

Did you:

• Put them in the garbage
• Take or send them to a depot or drop off centre
• Return them to a supplier or retailer
• Donate or give them away
• Repair them
• Sell them
• Still have them
• Other

Why do you still have your unwanted televisions or computer displays?

Select all that apply. 

• They still work
• Waiting for date to bring them at the drop-off centre 
• Planning to reuse them
• Planning on selling them
• Planning on giving them away  
• Other
  OR
• Do not know how or where to dispose of them

What did you do with your unwanted set-top boxes?

Select all that apply.

Did you:

• Put them in the garbage
• Take or send them to a depot or drop off centre
• Return them to a supplier or retailer
• Donate or give them away
• Repair them
• Sell them
• Still have them
• Other

Why do you still have your unwanted set-top boxes?

Select all that apply. 

• They still work
• Waiting for date to bring them at the drop-off centre 
• Planning to reuse them
• Planning on selling them
• Planning on giving them away  
• Other
  OR
• Do not know how or where to dispose of them

What did you do with your unwanted audio-video equipment?

Include DVD players, VCRs, speakers, portable digital music players.

Select all that apply.

Did you:

• Put them in the garbage
• Take or send them to a depot or drop off centre
• Return them to a supplier or retailer
• Donate or give them away
• Repair them
• Sell them
• Still have them
• Other

Why do you still have your unwanted audio-video equipment?

Select all that apply. 

• They still work
• Waiting for date to bring them at the drop-off centre 
• Planning to reuse them
• Planning on selling them
• Planning on giving them away  
• Other
  OR
• Do not know how or where to dispose of them

What did you do with your unwanted electronic gaming equipment?

Select all that apply.

Did you:

• Put them in the garbage
• Take or send them to a depot or drop off centre
• Return them to a supplier or retailer
• Donate or give them away
• Repair them
• Sell them
• Still have them
• Other

Why do you still have your unwanted electronic gaming equipment?

Select all that apply. 

• They still work
• Waiting for date to bring them at the drop-off centre 
• Planning to reuse them
• Planning on selling them
• Planning on giving them away  
• Other
  OR
• Do not know how or where to dispose of them

What did you do with your unwanted wearable electronics?

e.g., smart watches, fitness trackers

Select all that apply.

Did you:

• Put them in the garbage
• Take or send them to a depot or drop off centre
• Return them to a supplier or retailer
• Donate or give them away
• Repair them
• Sell them
• Still have them
• Other

Why do you still have your unwanted wearable electronics?

Select all that apply. 

• They still work
• Waiting for date to bring them at the drop-off centre 
• Planning to reuse them
• Planning on selling them
• Planning on giving them away  
• Other
  OR
• Do not know how or where to dispose of them

What did you do with your unwanted cellular phones?

Select all that apply.

Did you:

• Put them in the garbage
• Take or send them to a depot or drop off centre
• Return them to a supplier or retailer
• Donate or give them away
• Repair them
• Sell them
• Still have them
• Other

Why do you still have your unwanted cellular phones?

Select all that apply. 

• They still work
• Waiting for date to bring them at the drop-off centre 
• Planning to reuse them
• Planning on selling them
• Planning on giving them away  
• Other
  OR
• Do not know how or where to dispose of them

What did you do with your unwanted landline phones, including cordless phones?

Exclude cell phones.

Select all that apply.

Did you:

• Put them in the garbage
• Take or send them to a depot or drop off centre
• Return them to a supplier or retailer
• Donate or give them away
• Repair them
• Sell them
• Still have them
• Other

Why do you still have your unwanted landline phones?

Select all that apply. 

• They still work
• Waiting for date to bring them at the drop-off centre 
• Planning to reuse them
• Planning on selling them
• Planning on giving them away  
• Other
  OR
• Do not know how or where to dispose of them

What did you do with your unwanted microwave ovens?

Select all that apply.

Did you:

• Put them in the garbage
• Take or send them to a depot or drop off centre
• Return them to a supplier or retailer
• Donate or give them away
• Repair them
• Sell them
• Still have them
• Other

Why do you still have your unwanted microwave ovens?

Select all that apply. 

• They still work
• Waiting for date to bring them at the drop-off centre 
• Planning to reuse them
• Planning on selling them
• Planning on giving them away  
• Other
  OR
• Do not know how or where to dispose of them

What did you do with your unwanted small appliances?

e.g., coffee makers, kettles, hand mixers, power drills, power saws

Exclude microwave ovens.

Select all that apply.

Did you:

• Put them in the garbage
• Take or send them to a depot or drop off centre
• Return them to a supplier or retailer
• Donate or give them away
• Repair them
• Sell them
• Still have them
• Other

Why do you still have your unwanted small appliances?

Select all that apply. 

• They still work
• Waiting for date to bring them at the drop-off centre 
• Planning to reuse them
• Planning on selling them
• Planning on giving them away  
• Other
  OR
• Do not know how or where to dispose of them

In the past 12 months, did [you/anyone in your household] have any dead or unwanted compact fluorescent light bulbs to dispose of?

Compact fluorescent lights, also known as corkscrew or spiral light bulbs, are similar to and can replace most incandescent lights. They typically use 75% less energy and can last up to ten times as long as a conventional incandescent light bulb.

Exclude fluorescent tubes.

• Yes
• No

What did you do with them?

Select all that apply.

• Put them in the garbage
• Took or sent them to a depot or drop off centre
• Returned them to a supplier or retailer
• Still have them
• Other

Why do you still have them?

Select all that apply.

• They still work
• Waiting for date to bring them at the drop-off centre 
• Planning to reuse them
• Planning on selling them
• Planning on giving them away  
• Other
  OR
• Do not know how or where to dispose of them

In the past 12 months, did [you/anyone in your household] have any dead or unwanted fluorescent tubes to dispose of?

Fluorescent tubes are glass tubes of various lengths whose inner walls are coated with a material that fluoresces when an electrical current causes a vapour within the tube to discharge electrons.

Exclude compact fluorescent lights.

• Yes
• No

What did you do with them?

Select all that apply.

• Put them in the garbage
• Took or sent them to a depot or drop off centre
• Returned them to a supplier or retailer
• Still have them
• Other

Why do you still have them?

Select all that apply.

• They still work
• Waiting for date to bring them at the drop-off centre 
• Planning to reuse them
• Planning on selling them
• Planning on giving them away  
• Other
  OR
• Do not know how or where to dispose of them

Interactions with nature

The following questions are about your [household's] interactions with nature.

In the past 12 months, did [you/anyone in your household] grow vegetables, herbs, fruits, flowers or plants for personal use?

• Yes
• No

Where were they grown?

Select all that apply.

• Outside in the yard
• On a balcony, porch or deck
• In a community garden or allotment garden
• Indoors
• In a rooftop garden
• Greenhouse
• Somewhere else

Are there any shrubs or hedges on your property?

• Yes
• No

Are there any trees on your property?

• Yes
• No

In the past 5 years, were any trees planted on your property?

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

In the past 5 years, were any trees cut down or removed on your property?

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

In the past 12 months, did [you/anyone in your household] make any purchases to feed or shelter birds on your property?

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

In which seasons do [you/you or someone in the household] feed birds at home?

Select all that apply. 

• Winter
• Spring
• Summer
• Fall
  OR
• I only feed birds elsewhere

In the past 12 months, did [you/anyone in your household] make any purchases to watch birds, such as binoculars or bird books, or travel for bird watching trips?

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

In the past 12 months, have [you/anyone in your household] observed a bird accidentally crash into a window at your home?

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

How many cats [do/does] [you/your household] own?

If [you do/your household does] not have cats, please enter "0".

• Number of cats

How often [does the cat/do the cats] go outside?

• Daily
• More than once a week
• More than once a month
• A few times a season
• A few times a year
• Never, [it is strictly an indoor cat/they are strictly indoor cats]

In the past 12 months, did [you/your household] participate in any outdoor activities close to your home?

Close to your home means within a 10 minute walk or drive.
Outdoor activities can include individual activities such as walking, running, skiing or picnicking, and team activities such as playing soccer, baseball or football.

• Yes
• No

What type of outdoor activities?

Select all that apply.

• Walking
• Jogging, running, rollerblading, or cross-country running
• Hiking
• Football, soccer, field hockey, basketball, volleyball, baseball, rugby, lacrosse, ultimate (frisbee), or ball or road hockey
• Golfing, croquet, lawn darts, lawn bowling, or bocci
• Boating, sailing, canoeing, kayaking, rafting, rowing, dragonboating, or seadooing
• Swimming, going to the beach, surfing, scuba, or snorkeling
• Bicycling
• ATV
• Skiing, snowboarding, or telemark
• Snowmobiling
• Cross-country skiing or snowshoeing
• Hunting
• Fishing
• Camping
• Picnicking or BBQ
• Skating
• Ice hockey, broomball, or curling
• Bird watching, or photography
• Exercise, tai chi, aerobics, or yoga
• Going to the park or playground
• Mountain climbing
• Tobogganing or sliding
• Geocaching
• Badminton, tennis, or pickleball
• Other
  • Specify other outdoor activities

Are there any parks or public greenspaces close to your home?

Close to your home means within a 10 minute walk or drive.

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

In the past 12 months, did [you/anyone in your household] visit these parks or public greenspaces?

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

In the past 12 months, how often did [you/anyone in your household] visit a park that was close to where you live?

• Daily
• More than once a week
• More than once a month
• A few times a season
• A few times a year
• Other
  • Specify other 

Why did [you/members of your household] visit a park that was close to where you live? Was it:

• To reduce stress
• To improve physical health
• To improve mental health
• To get some fresh air
• To go the playground
• To play sports or exercise
• To attend events or festivals
• To pass through on the way to another destination
• To walk the dog
• Other
  • Specify the other reason

Why [did you not visit/did no one in your household visit] a park or public green space close to home?

Select all that apply.

• Inability to get there due to lack of transportation
• Felt unsafe or had concerns about discrimination, harassment or violence
• Personal mobility limitations 
• Park or public green space was closed due to pandemic limitations
• Park or public green space was not open when I wanted to visit it
• Preferred to visit another park or public green space that was not close to home
• Other reason
  • Specify the other reason

In the past 12 months, did [you/anyone in your household] visit any [other parks/parks] or public greenspaces [that were not close to your home]?

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

In the past 12 months, did [you/anyone in your household] engage, without pay, in activities aimed at conservation or protection of the environment or wildlife?

e.g., picking up litter, planting trees, naturalizing or restoring areas, writing letters to political officials

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

How did [you/your household] participate in these activities?

a. On behalf of a group or an organization

Include activities like beach or park clean-up days, unpaid help provided to schools, religious organizations, sports or community associations.

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

b. Independently, that is, not on behalf of a group or an organization

e.g., picking up litter, writing letters to political officials

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

In the past 12 months, did [you/anyone in your household] participate, without pay, in any of these activities?

a. Cleaning up shorelines, beaches, rivers, lakes or roadsides

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

b. Monitoring or assessing wild species or natural habitats to assist with nature conservation

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

In the past 12 months, did [you/anyone in your household] participate, without pay, in teaching about nature?

Include:

giving guided nature walks
chaperoning school trips to nature centres
leading or assisting indoor courses on nature and the environment.

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

Emergency preparedness

In the past 12 months, has your household been affected by an extreme weather event or natural disaster?

Include events such as flooding, wind storms, tornadoes, wild fires, winter storms, blizzards, hurricanes, extreme smoke, prolonged poor air quality, earthquakes, and similar types of events.

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

Where did you experience this?

If you have been affected by more than one event, report for the most recent event.

• Primary residence
• Secondary residence
• Both primary and secondary residences
• Somewhere else in Canada
  • Specify where in Canada
• Somewhere else outside of Canada
  • Specify the country

What type of event was it?

Select all that apply. 

• Heavy rain
• River flooding 
• Storm
• Strong winds
• Winter storm, blizzard, or ice storm
• Extreme cold
• Extreme heat
• Hurricane
• Tornado
• Poor air quality
  e.g., smoke or smog
• Forest fire, wildfire, or grass fire
• Landslide, avalanche, or sinkhole
• Earthquake
• Other
  • Specify the other event

How [were/was] [you/your household] affected by the event?

Select all that apply. 

• Lost power for a short period of time (less than 24 hours)
• Lost power for a long period of time (one day or longer)
• Had to throw out food
• Water damage
• Some damage to house
• Complete loss of house
• Poor air quality
• Road closures
  e.g., unable to go to the store
• Interruption to drinking water
• Property flooded
• Damage to family vehicles
• Household member injured or killed by the event
• Other
  • Specify the other impacts

How long did it take to recover from the event?

• Same day
• Days
• Weeks
• Months
• Other
• Still recovering from the event

Did [you/your household] receive an alert for the event?

e.g., telephone notification, alert on radio or television

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

How far in advance did [you/your household] receive the alert?

• Amount of time
• Unit of time
  • Minutes
  • Hours
  • Days
  • Weeks
  
  OR
• After the event was underway

How [were/was] [you/your household] alerted for the event?

Select all that apply. 

• By phone notification

Please include automated phone calls and emergency notifications.

• From the TV
• On the radio 
• Social media
• On a sign on the highway while driving
• From a family member or friend
• An app
• A website
• Other
  • Specify the other source of information

How would [you/your household] most prefer to receive an alert for an extreme weather event or natural disaster?

• By phone notification

Please include automated phone calls and emergency notifications.

• From the TV
• On the radio 
• Social media
• On a sign on the highway while driving
• From a family member or friend
• An app
• A website
• Other
  • Specify the other source of information

What steps [have you/has your household] taken to prepare for a natural disaster?

Select all that apply. 

• 3-day supply of drinking water
  e.g., 72 hours; 2 litres per person per day plus water for pets
• Food
• Money
• Medication
• Battery powered radio
• Emergency lights
  e.g., flash lights, chemical light sticks
• Portable backup generator
• Permanently installed home backup generator
  e.g., Generac
• Emergency solar PV

Include portable solar panels.

• Other
  • Specify other preparations
  
  OR
• None of the above

Perception and awareness of risk of flooding

Thinking of [your primary dwelling/your dwelling], how high is the risk to your dwelling from flooding?

• Extremely high – experience flooding multiple times a year
• Very high – experience flooding annually
• Moderately high – experience flooding every 5 years on average
• Low – experience flooding every 20 years on average
• Little or none – property is not on a floodplain, or flooding has not happened in more than 20 years
• Don't know

Transportation Decisions

The next few questions are about transportation decisions for your household.

How long does it take to get to the public transportation system closest to where you live?

• 2 minutes or less
• 3 to 5 minutes
• 6 to 10 minutes
• More than 10 minutes
• Don't know
• There is no public transportation system where I live

In the past 12 months, did [you/anyone in your household] use the public transportation system?

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

Why did [you not use/no one in your household use] the public transportation system?

Select all that apply. 

Was it because:

• It was too expensive
• It was too slow
• Scheduling problems
• Service was too infrequent
• The destination was within walking or cycling distance
• Used a car instead of public transit
• Health concerns
  e.g., exposure to COVID-19 or flu
• Personal safety concerns
• Other
  • Specify the other reason

In the past 12 months, how often did [you/anyone in your household] use a bicycle to go to work, school, or to run errands during the summer and winter?

a. Summer

• Daily
• More than once a week
• More than once a month
• A few times a season
• Never

b. Winter

• Daily
• More than once a week
• More than once a month
• A few times a season
• Never

Why did [you not use/no one in your household use] a bicycle to go to work, school or run errands in the last 12 months?

Select all that apply. 

• Did not own a bicycle
• Destination was too far away
• Would take too long to ride to destination
• Did not feel safe riding alone
• Would have had to ride at night
• Would have had to ride on roads that have no bike lanes
• Did not feel safe in bike lanes on busy roads
• Nowhere to securely park bicycle at destination
• Nowhere to change or shower at the destination
• Did not have a way to safely carry items while riding
• Could not transport children, parents or other family members by bike
• Weather
  e.g., too hot, too cold, too windy, rain, snow
• Unable to bicycle due to a physical inability
• Bicycle was broken or needed repairs
• Other
  • Specify the other reason

In the past 12 months, how often did [you/anyone in your household] walk, jog, or run to go to work, school, or to run errands during the summer and winter?

a. Summer

• Daily
• More than once a week
• More than once a month
• A few times a season
• Never

b. Winter

• Daily
• More than once a week
• More than once a month
• A few times a season
• Never

Why did [you not/no one in your household] walk, jog, or run to go to work, school or run errands in the last 12 months?

Select all that apply. 

• Destination was too far away
• Would take too long to get to destination
• Did not feel safe walking, jogging, or running alone
• Would have had to go at night
• Would have had to go on roads that have no side walks
• Did not feel safe on side walks on busy roads
• Nowhere to change or shower at the destination
• Did not have a way to safely carry items while going to destination
• Could not transport children, parents or other family members while walking, jogging, or running
• Weather
  e.g., too hot, too cold, too windy, rain, snow
• Unable to walk, jog, or run due to a physical inability
• Other
  • Specify the other reason

Purchasing decisions [– primary dwelling]

In the past 12 months, how often did [you/your household] use [your/its] own bags or containers to carry [your/its] groceries?

Include bags usually made of canvas or heavy plastic that can be reused numerous times for groceries.

Exclude plastic disposable bags.

• Always
• Often
• Sometimes
• Rarely
• Never

How many plastic drinking straws are thrown out at home in a typical week?

Include straws brought home with take-out food and straws on juice boxes.

Exclude reusable straws and straws thrown out elsewhere.

Provide your best estimate. Enter a "0" for none.

• Number of drinking straws

How many of these plastic drinking straws are used more than once before being thrown out?

• All
• Most
• Some
• None

When possible, [do/does] [you/anyone in your household] use [your/their] own refillable water bottle instead of buying a bottle of water?

• Always
• Often
• Sometimes
• Rarely
• Never
• Not applicable

How often do [you/members of your household] drink hot drinks outside the home, for example at work, at school or in transportation?

e.g., coffee, tea, herbal tea, hot chocolate

• Every day
• A few times a week
• A few times a months
• A few times a year
• Never

When possible, do [you/members of your household] use a refillable cup or mug instead of buying hot drinks in a disposable cup?

e.g., coffee, tea, herbal tea, hot chocolate

• Always or almost always
• Often
• Sometimes
• Rarely
• Never

In the past 12 months, how often did [you/anyone in your household] use reusable food containers instead of disposable ones?

• Always
• Often
• Sometimes
• Rarely
• Never

In the past 12 months, how often did [you/anyone in your household] purchase reusable personal care products?

e.g., diapers, feminine hygiene products and personal wipes.

• Always
• Often
• Sometimes
• Rarely
• Never

In the past 12 months, how often did [you/anyone in your household] purchase a commodity, such as soap, in bulk to be able to refill a smaller container?

• Always
• Often
• Sometimes
• Rarely
• Never

Why do [you/members of your household] not use the following?

[refillable water bottles]
[refillable cups or mugs]
[reusable food containers]
[reusable personal care products]
[commodity items in bulk]

Select all that apply. 

Was it because:

• They are too inconvenient
• They would cost more compared to single-use versions
• They take too much time to clean (if applicable)
• Reusable versions of these items are not available
• They do not want to reuse these types of items
• Items are not applicable
• Some other reason
  • Specify the other reason

In the past year, did [you/anyone in your household] make any online purchases?

• Yes
• No

What did you do with the cardboard boxes the items were shipped in?

Select all that apply.

• Recycled the boxes via curbside pickup, depot, or a drop off program
• Reused the boxes to ship or store something else
• Used or repurposed the cardboard for something else
• Put the boxes in the garbage
• Burned the boxes
• Kept the boxes for future use 
• Other
  • Specify what else you did with the boxes
  
  OR
• Made online purchases, but none of the items were shipped in boxes

In the past 12 months, did [you/anyone in your household] use a meal preparation kit?

Include delivery of ingredient boxes with a recipe, e.g., Goodfood, HelloFresh

Exclude delivery from restaurants.

• Yes
• No

In total, how many meal preparation kits were delivered to your household in the past 12 months?

• 1
• 2 to 4
• 5 to 9
• 10 to 19
• 20 or more

What did you do with the boxes?

Would you say:

• Recycled the boxes via curbside pickup, depot, or a drop off program
• Returned the boxes to the supplier
• Put the boxes in the garbage 
• Used or repurposed the cardboard for something else
• Burned the boxes
• Other
  • Specify what else you did with the boxes

In the past 12 months, how often did [you/anyone in your household] choose products based on the type or amount of packaging?

e.g., choosing a product that has less packaging or recyclable packaging, a product that comes in a reusable container, buying in bulk instead of pre-packaged products

• Always
• Often
• Sometimes
• Rarely
• Never

In the past 12 months, how often did [you/anyone in your household] purchase products labelled as being "environmentally-friendly" or "green" instead of similar products that were not?

• Always
• Often
• Sometimes
• Rarely
• Never

Would you consider repairing or have an electronic item repaired rather than buying a new one?

• Yes
• Maybe
• No
• Don't know

Why would you not attempt to have an electronic item repaired or repair it yourself?

Select all that apply. 

• Too costly
• Too inconvenient
• It would take too much time
• The quality of the repair would not be high enough
• The potential environmental benefits do not warrant repairing the item
• The availability of tools or parts makes it impractical to repair the item
• I don't know how to repair the item
• I don't know where to obtain the parts or tools needed to repair the item
• I would prefer to have a new item
• Other
  • Specify the other reason

Would you consider repairing or having a small appliance, such as a coffee maker, blender, or power tool, repaired rather than buying a new one?

• Yes
• Maybe
• No
• Don't know

Why would you not attempt to have a small appliance, such as a coffee maker, blender, or power tool, repaired or repair it yourself?

Select all that apply. 

• Too costly
• Too inconvenient
• It would take too much time
• The quality of the repair would not be high enough
• The potential environmental benefits do not warrant repairing the item
• The availability of tools or parts makes it impractical to repair the item
• I don't know how to repair the item
• I don't know where to obtain the parts or tools needed to repair the item
• I would prefer to have a new item
• Other
  • Specify the other reason

Would you consider repairing or having a large appliance, such as a stove, refrigerator, washing machine, or clothes dryer, repaired rather than buying a new one?

• Yes
• Maybe
• No
• Don't know

Why would you not attempt to have a large appliance, such as a stove, refrigerator, washing machine, or clothes dryer, repaired or repair it yourself?

Select all that apply. 

• Too costly
• Too inconvenient
• It would take too much time
• The quality of the repair would not be high enough
• The potential environmental benefits do not warrant repairing the item
• The availability of tools or parts makes it impractical to repair the item
• I don't know how to repair the item
• I don't know where to obtain the parts or tools needed to repair the item
• I would prefer to have a new item
• Other
  • Specify the other reason

Would you consider buying a refurbished or reconditioned product instead of buying a new item?

• Yes
• Maybe
• No
• Don't know

Why would you not buy a refurbished or reconditioned product?

Select all that apply. 

• Too costly
• Too inconvenient
• It takes too much time to find such an item
• Lower quality
• Concerns about warranty or after sales support
• The potential environmental benefits do not warrant it
• Lack of availability or selection
• Do not know where to find them
• Do not have the skills or tools to repair it
• I would prefer to have a new item
• Other
  • Specify the other reason

Would you consider buying a product that is easily repairable even if it was more expensive?

Easily repairable either by yourself or repair shop.

• Yes
• Maybe
• No
• Don't know

Why would you not buy an easily repairable product?

Select all that apply. 

• Too costly
• Too inconvenient
• It takes too much time to find such an item
• Lower quality
• The potential environmental benefits do not warrant it
• Lack of availability or selection
• Do not know where to find them
• Do not have the skills or tools to repair it
• I would prefer to have a new item
• Other
  • Specify the other reason

Would you consider buying a product with a longer life span even if it is more expensive?

• Yes
• No
• Don't know

Why would you not buy a product with a longer life span?

Select all that apply. 

• Concerns about quality of the product
• The potential environmental benefits do not warrant the increased price
• Lack of availability or selection
• Do not know where to find them
• The price is too high compared to similar items with lower life spans
• Other
  • Specify the other reason

Did [you/anyone in your household] make use of a vehicle sharing program in the past 12 months?

Vehicle sharing is a vehicle rental service that allows people to use vehicles for short periods of time, often by the hour.

Please include services such as Communauto, Vrtucar, Zipcar, Autonomik, Carshare Cooperatives and Modo.
Please exclude services such as Uber and Lyft that use a driver.

• Yes
• No

Why did [you/anyone in your household] use a vehicle sharing program?

• In place of owning any vehicles
• To occasionally supplement the number of vehicles owned by household members
• Because [you do/you or someone in the household does] not otherwise have access to a vehicle
• Other
  • Specify other

How many of the following types of vehicles were owned by [you/all members in your household] in the past year?

Type of vehicle

a. Gasoline or diesel vehicle

Exclude vehicles used exclusively for work purposes.

• Number of vehicles

b. Non plug-in hybrid vehicle

Cannot be charged by plugging into an outlet or charging station
Has both a gasoline engine and an electric motor
Uses energy recovered from braking to recharge its battery.

• Number of vehicles

c. Plug-in hybrid vehicle

Must be charged by plugging into an outlet or charging station
Has both a gasoline engine and an electric motor.

• Number of vehicles

d. Pure electric vehicle (zero emission vehicle)

Has only an electric motor

• Number of vehicles

In the past 12 months, how far was [the/the most frequently used] pure electric vehicle (zero emission vehicle) driven?

Exclude commercial use.

• Unit of measure
  • Kilometres
  • Miles
• Distance
  OR
• Don't know

Please indicate the types and number of charging stations at your home.

Type

a. Level 1

Uses 120V, 200 kilometres in 20 hours.

• Number of charging stations

b. Level 2

Uses 240V, 30 kilometres in 1 hour.

• Number of charging stations

In the past 12 months, what percentage of the time [was/were] the pure electric [vehicle/vehicles] (zero emission vehicle) charged at the following locations:

Percentage of time that it was charged at the location

a. At home, using the dwelling's power

• Percentage

b. At work

• Percentage

c. At a publicly-accessible charging station

• Percentage

d. Other location

• Specify the other location

• Percentage

When do you expect to purchase your next vehicle? 

• In less than 6 months
• In 6 months or more, but less than 1 year
• In 1 year or more, but less than 2 years
• In 2 years or more, but less than 3 years
• In 3 years or more, but less than 4 years
• No vehicle purchase expected in the next 4 years
• Uncertain

On a scale of 0 to 5, where 0 means "definitely not" and 5 means "almost certain", how likely is it that your next vehicle purchase will be a:

a. Gasoline or diesel vehicle

Exclude vehicles used exclusively for work purposes.

• 0 Definitely not
• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5 Almost Certain

b. Non plug-in hybrid vehicle

Cannot be charged by plugging into an outlet or charging station
Has both a gasoline engine and an electric motor
Uses energy recovered from braking to recharge its battery.

• 0 Definitely not
• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5 Almost Certain

c. Plug-in hybrid vehicle

Must be charged by plugging into an outlet or charging station
Has both a gasoline engine and an electric motor.

• 0 Definitely not
• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5 Almost Certain

d. Pure electric vehicle (zero emission vehicle)

Has only an electric motor

• 0 Definitely not
• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5 Almost Certain

In the past 12 months, did [you/anyone in your household] make use of any of the following services?

a. Tool lending libraries

Tool lending libraries allow members to borrow tools, similar to borrowing a book from a library, to avoid purchasing tools that may only be needed occasionally or may be expensive.

• Yes
• No
• Don't Know

b. Shared workshops

e.g., wood working shops, metal working shops, maker spaces

• Yes
• No
• Don't Know

c. Shared bicycle repair space

• Yes
• No
• Don't Know

d. Shared garages to maintain a vehicle

• Yes
• No
• Don't Know

e. Shared studios

e.g., art studios, photographic studios

• Yes
• No
• Don't Know

f. Shared office space

Exclude employer-provided shared offices.

• Yes
• No
• Don't Know

Total household income

Now a question about total household income.

What is your best estimate of the total household income received by all household members, from all sources, before taxes and deductions, during the year ending December 31, [2023]?

Income can come from various sources such as from work, investments, pensions or government. Examples include Employment Insurance, social assistance, child benefits and other income such as child support, spousal support (alimony) and rental income.

Capital gains should not be included in the household income.

• Rounded to the nearest CAN$
  OR
• Don't know

What was the total household income during the year ending December 31, [2023]?

Include income received by all household members, from all sources, before taxes and deductions.

Was it:

• Less than $50,000, including income loss
• $50,000 and more
• Don't know

Was it:

• Less than $5,000
• $5,000 to less than $10,000
• $10,000 to less than $15,000
• $15,000 to less than $20,000
• $20,000 to less than $30,000
• $30,000 to less than $40,000
• $40,000 to less than $50,000
• Don't know

Was it:

• $50,000 to less than $60,000
• $60,000 to less than $70,000
• $70,000 to less than $80,000
• $80,000 to less than $90,000
• $90,000 to less than $100,000
• $100,000 to less than $150,000
• $150,000 and over
• Don't know