Developments in Machine Learning Series: Series one

By: Nicholas Denis, Statistics Canada

Editor's Note: This series showcases new and interesting research developments in machine learning from around the world. Hopefully you can find something that will help you in your own or your colleagues' work.

This month's topics:

A novel pre-training approach: Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP)
Neural network trained using batch normalization parameters
Measuring Hard to Learn Data Instances and how this can be leveraged to train a neural network

Game Changer: There's a new pre-trained transfer learning approach in town!

Figure 1: Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) — Description - Figure 1

Three flow charts. The first chart titled "(1) Contrastive pre-training" shows the text "Pepper the aussie pup" being input into a text encoder with the following outputs as column headers for the table: T1, T2, T3, …, and TN. Below the text "Pepper the aussie pup" is an image of a dog sitting on grass. The image is being input into an image encoder with the following outputs: I1, I2, I3, I4, I5. Values of the first row of data in the table are: I1·T1, I1·T2, I1·T3,…, I1·TN. Values of the second row of data are: I2·T1, I2·T2, I2·T3,…, I2·TN. Values of the third row of data are: I3·T1, I3·T2, I3·T3,…, I3·TN. Values of the third row of data are: … in each column. Values of the fourth row of data are: IN·T1, IN·T2, IN·T3,…, IN·TN.
The second chart titled "(2) Create dataset classifier from label text" shows boxes containing the following text stacked vertically: plane, car, dog,…,bird. An arrow is drawn from the text "Bird" directly to another text box with the text "A photo of a {object}." This then feeds into a process called Text encoder, which outputs the following values: T1, T2, T3, …, and TN.
The third chart titled "(3) Use for zero-shot prediction" begins by showing a picture of a dog standing on grass. The image is input into an image encoder, and has the following output: I1.
The second and third charts are then combined to display the following outputs: I1·T1, I1·T2, I1·T3,…, I1·TN. The value I1·T3 is highlighted and an arrow is drawn from the value to a box with containing the text "A photo of a dog."

OpenAI introduces a novel pre-training approach producing state-of-the-art pre-trained models for computer vision

What's new?: CLIP uses both text and image inputs to train computer vision models, without any labels, which can perform a wide variety of tasks at (or near) state-of-the-art performance levels, across 30 different hold-out datasets. Some examples of tasks include object recognition, OCR, action recognition from videos, geo-localization and fine-grained object classification. OpenAi, the company that introduced the novel process, made the open-source models available publicly.

How it works: OpenAI built a web-scraped dataset containing 400 million instances of images paired with text descriptions. They introduce Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP), which takes an image input and a text description of the image, and learns to embed the image and text representations onto the surface of a (hyper) sphere, as closely as possible. That's it!

Why does it work?: Imagine if you could identify text descriptions associated with 400 million different images? It would be fair to say that you've learned the semantics of objects in the images, and correctly identified a large number of categories and concepts. This is exactly what happens for CLIP. CLIP introduces a novel inference mechanism using textual prompts:

since CLIP is trained without any labels, there is no classification layer present.
for a given input image, CLIP produces an image embedding.
for any given set of classes for given application, textual prompts enter the model in the form of "A photo of an <CLASS>", where CLASS is replaced with the classes of interest (ex. cat, dog).
CLIP produces a text embedding for each prompt, and the closest to the image embedding is selected as the inferred class.

Results: After pre-training a model with a huge corpus of image-text data from the web, the authors use over 30 different benchmark computer vision datasets and study the performance of CLIP across a wide number of computer vision tasks. The authors test the model performance on zero-shot transfer learning (no further learning), as well as linear evaluation and fine-tuning.

CLIP using zero-shot learning (where at inference time, a learning algorithm must perform classification on instances from classes not observed during training) outperforms a fully supervised linear classifier fitted to ResNet – 50 features on 16 out of 27 datasets, including ImageNet.
Fitting a linear classifier on CLIP's features outperforms the Noisy Student EfficientNet-L2 (state-of-the-art transfer learning from ImageNet dataset) on 21 out of 27 datasets, as high as 23.6% accuracy improvement.
CLIP zero-shot performance was incredibly robust to distributional shifts including adversarial attacks, stylized images, use of synthetic noise and use of synthetically rendered images.

What's the context?: OpenAI has helped to pioneer language model pre-training with the GPT family of language models which are commonly used. Clearly, their expertise in this area has helped them produce this novel approach. Since being published in early 2021, several dozen works have expanded, have been analyzed and used CLIP, making it the breakout work of 2021. The models and code are freely available online: openAI/CLIP GitHub. As stated on their website, OpenAI is an AI research and deployment company. Their mission is to ensure that artificial general intelligence benefits all of humanity. (AGI)—highly autonomous systems that outperform humans at most economically valuable work—benefits all of humanity. They attempt to directly build safe and beneficial AGI, make their work available to others aiming for the same outcome, and are governed by the OpenAI non-profit board.

So what?: CLIP has been used for image and video retrieval using text, segmentation and image captioning. While CLIP has other uses such as model fine-tuning, traditional transfer learning approaches (which involve freezing the CLIP model), or by using its features as inputs to a new, smaller neural network model; the valuable aspect of CLIP lies in its zero-shot transferability.

When CLIP was evaluated on ImageNet (1 million image dataset with 1,000 classes) it achieved 76.2% accuracy, with no class supervision. CLIP can act as an open-set classifier by using the text prompts. Rather than having a parametric model output, (a distribution over a fixed number of classes) , at inference time, CLIP is able to query the model with any number of classes using the novel prompt design. This makes it incredibly versatile and general.

Separate research using CLIP for segmentation shows that when given an image of zebras drinking along a riverbed, the text prompt reads "The zebra in front of the other zebras". This causes the CLIP model to properly segment the zebra asked of it. Truly game changing!

Our opinion: The literature speaks for itself. The number of research papers using CLIP shows just how novel and powerful it is. CLIP is useful for a wide range of computer vision tasks. We believe that deep learning approaches that use multiple data modalities (i.e. image/text/audio, etc.) will become increasingly common. However, as it's been noted with language model pre-training such as GPT-3 from OpenAI, it's likely that the size of these models will increase. As these models increase in parameter, only the largest tech companies will be able to afford the costs of training these models – making it unlikely for that they'll be open-source and also unlikely for public use.

BatchNorm is All You Need

Figure 2: The relationship between BatchNorm parameter count and accuracy when scaling depth and width CIFAR-10 ResNets. — Description - Figure 2

A line chart showing test accuracy (%) in the y axis with the values of 45, 55, 65, 75, and 85. The x axis is labelled Thousands of BatchNorm Parameters (log scale) and has the values 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64. The chart shows both "increasing depth" and "increasing width" rising in accuracy as the "Thousands of BatchNorm Parameters (log scale)" also increate. The increasing depth is shown to have the following values: slope=5.897, r2=0.984, p=6.14E-05. The increasing width is shown to have the following values: slope=4.994, r2=0.996, p=2.93E-05.

Figure 3: The distribution of y for ResNet-110 and ResNet-101 aggregated from five (CIFAR-10). — Description - Figure 3

Two charts. The first chart titled "Distribution o y-Reset-110 for CIFAR-10" displays a bar chart with two values: "All Params Trainable" and "BatchNorm". The y axis is labelled Density with the values of 0 through 6. The x axis is labelled Value with the values -0.5 through 1.5 in .5 increments. The chart shows the density of the BatchNorm values are consistently below a density of 1, except for a large spike to a density of about 5.5 at a value of 0.0. The density of the "All Params Trainable" values begin to rise incrementally between -0.5 and 0.0. There is a significant spike at a value of 0.0 to a density of about 1.5 and the density then drops again, but incrementally increases to a peak density above 3 with a value between 0.0 and 0.5 before gradually falling to a density of close to 0 once the values approach 1.0.
The second chart titled "Distribution o y-Reset-110 for ImageNet" displays a bar chart with two values: "All Params Trainable" and "BatchNorm". The y axis is labelled Density with the values of 0 through 18 rising in increments of 3. The x axis is labelled Value with the values -0.3 through 0.4 in .1 increments. The chart shows the density of the BatchNorm values are consistently well below a density of 3, except for a large spike to a density of about 18 at a value of 0.0. The density of the "All Params Trainable" values begin to rise incrementally between -0.1 and 0.0. There is a significant spike at a value of 0.0 to a density of about 3 and the density then drops again, but incrementally increases to a peak density about 5 with a value between 0.0 and 0.2 before gradually falling to a density of close to 0 once the values approach 0.4.

Researchers from MIT and Facebook Research achieve 83% accuracy on CIFAR10 training only batch norm parameters.

What's new?: Batch normalization is a ubiquitously implemented technique in deep learning. The authors study the expressive power of batch norm parameters by training neural networks, providing evidence that batch norm is extremely powerful in deep learning and capable of learning from random features.

How it works: Z-scoring is a common technique in data preprocessing, which aims to transform inputs to be approximately normal(0,1). However, in deep learning, as each batch of data passes through the network, the data is transformed at each layer and will no longer follow this distribution. Batch norm is similar to z-scoring, however, it doesn't aim to transform the data to be normal(0,1) but rather, normal $(β, γ)$ where $β$ and $γ$ are learnable parameters. The authors train neural networks where all weight parameters are fixed and do not update, while the batch norm parameters are the sole parameters updated through learning.

Results:

The authors first demonstrate that for different neural network architectures, using batch norm is consistently beneficial and improves model performance.
When using a ResNet-110 on CIFAR10, with all 1.7 million parameters learnable, the model achieves 93.3% test accuracy, however when using only the 8300 batch norm parameters, the model is able to achieve 69.7% test accuracy. Moreover, a ResNet-866 with 65,000 parameters achieves 83% test accuracy.
Using only batch norm parameters for learning, the authors found an almost perfect Pearson's correlation with batch norm parameters (layers of a network) and test accuracy.
An analysis of the learned parameters showed that the model learns to effectively disable between a third and a quarter of all features, implicitly pruning the network.

What's the context?: Batch normalization has been the focus of many studies to determine why and how it works. Though, there aren't any deep learning practitioners who need any more evidence to use batch norm in their models. The fact that a model performs well using nothing but batch normalization is quite impressive and telling. Given that all other parameters are randomly initialized and fixed, this effectively means that the features produced from the input data are random, and batch norm parameters are able to iteratively transform the random features into discriminative features for downstream classification.

But…: Though the result is quite interesting and may result in further research, the authors are not suggesting practitioners train BatchNorm-only networks.

So what?: The implications of this work provide further support for the power and importance of using batch normalization in deep learning. An 866-layer ResNet with only 65,000 parameters is able to achieve very strong results, whereas a single layer network with that number of parameters would likely fail the same task. This result could very well open up novel architectural designs and research centered around deeper but narrower networks (less parameters per layer).

Our opinion: The research is interesting in its own right, and is important for the advancement of batch norm related research. Since each layers weights of the networks are randomly initialized, each layer acts as a random transformation on the data, producing random features. Given that batch norm learns solely to rescale and shift these random features, this work provides evidence that this approach may work well for transfer learning tasks using pre-trained models. As well, given that a large proportion of the learned parameters effectively pruned or disabled features, there may be some cross pollination with the Pruning Neural Networks community. As a take home for our readers, though, is the simple message: use batch normalization.

Measuring Hard to Learn Data Instances

Figure 4: Human Selection Frequency vs. Angular Visual Hardness (HVS(x)) — Description - Figure 4

A heatmap showing the relationship between how often data instances are selected by humans as a representative instance of a given class, and Angular Visual Hardness (AVH). Dark colour represents a weak relationship, while brighter yellow colours represent a stronger relationship. The x axis is labelled Human Selection Frequency with values of 0.0 through 1.0 in increments of 0.2. The y axis is labelled AVH(x) with values 0.0 through 1.0 in increments of 0.2. The heatmap shows a concentration of the number of samples at the bottom right of the heatmap representing a lower AVH(x) and a higher Human selection frequency.

Researchers identify a measure of 'hardness' of a data instance to be correctly classified that negatively correlates with the frequency which human annotators select instances as examples of a given class.

What's new: Researchers from Universities of Toronto, Rice, Caltech, Georgia Institute of Tech, NVIDIA and the Vector Institute develop a measure of how difficult an example is with respect to a models ability to correctly classify it, and train the model using a curriculum based on this measure.

How it works: Angular Visual Hardness (AVH) computes the angle that an embedding makes with each of the class center and produces a score where, roughly speaking, larger values correspond to embeddings that have larger angles from the classes of their ground truth labels (and hence are further). Then, using AVH, the dataset can be ranked in terms of instance difficulty, and a subset can be used to train a model using instances of an appropriate difficulty level (curriculum learning).

Results:

Researchers found that AVH strongly correlates (negatively) with Human Selection Frequency – the frequency at which human annotators would select an instance as an example of a given class. Hence, the easier the example, the more likely a human would select/recognize it as an example of a given class.
Researchers use AVH for semi-supervised self-training in the domain adaptation setting. Briefly, this involves two completely different datasets generated from completely different distributions, however with the same classes. With labels on the 'source' dataset, and no training labels in the 'target' dataset, the goal is to generalize to unseen instances of the 'target' dataset. Models were firs trained on the 'source' dataset, and AVH was applied to the 'target' dataset. Instances below a threshold (easier instances) were selected to produce pseudo-labels by the previously trained models (see Pseudo-Labeling to deal with small datasets). These pseudo-labelled instances were added to the dataset and the model was re-trained. This approach outperformed previous state of the art domain adaption approaches across different datasets.

What's the context?: Curriculum learning is a widely studied field in machine learning. Hard and semi-hard sample mining techniques are crucial for many deep metric learning and self-supervised learning techniques.

So what?: From deep metric learning, to curriculum learning, measuring the difficulty of instances of a dataset have been increasingly important for a wide variety of machine learning techniques. Many real world datasets have noisy (read: incorrect) labels in the dataset, and likely (read: hopefully) the model never "correctly" classifies such instances. The field of identifying mislabelled instances use difficult examples to either adjust, relabel or remove from the dataset in order to improve model performance. Curriculum learning benefits from producing properly sequenced instances for the model to learn from, finding a "Goldilocks" level of difficulty. Instances that are too easy are a waste of compute power and don't produce valuable gradients for learning updates, while too difficult examples may be outliers, mislabelled, or simply unlikely to ever be correctly classified. In either case, both may be harmful to the model and a waste of compute power.

But…: Though AVH is novel in its exact formulation, using the angle between an embedding and its ground truth class center, or variants thereof, have existed before. However, this is the first work (to our knowledge) that shows a correlation between a hardness measure and how humans may judge an instance as being easy vs hard.

Our opinion: Though it is unlikely that AVH is adopted as the ultimate measure of instance hardness, the hopes of this article was to share that there is a large body of literature aiming to measure difficulty in training instances, and use this information to inform training in the form of loss functions, pseudo-labelling, anomaly detection and curriculum learning.

All machine learning projects at Statistics Canada are developed under the agency's Framework for Responsible Machine Learning Processes that provides guidance and practical advice on how to responsibly develop automated processes.

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Date modified:: 2023-03-23

Retail Trade Survey (Monthly): CVs for total sales by geography - December 2021

CVs for Total sales by geography
This table displays the results of Retail Trade Survey (monthly): CVs for total sales by geography – December 2021. The information is grouped by Geography (appearing as row headers), Month and Percent (appearing as column headers)
Geography	Month
	202112
	%
Canada	0.6
Newfoundland and Labrador	1.4
Prince Edward Island	0.9
Nova Scotia	2.0
New Brunswick	1.7
Quebec	1.5
Ontario	1.1
Manitoba	1.6
Saskatchewan	2.9
Alberta	1.2
British Columbia	1.1
Yukon Territory	1.8
Northwest Territories	0.3
Nunavut	0.8

Explainable Machine Learning, Game Theory, and Shapley Values: A technical review

By: Soufiane Fadel, Statistics Canada

Machine learning models are often seen as an opaque black box. They take a collection of features to use as input and generate predictions. Following the training phase, a few common questions come up. How do different features influence prediction results? What are the most significant variables influencing prediction outcomes? Should I believe the findings, despite the fact that the model performance indicators seem to be excellent? As a result, model explainability is important in machine learning. The insights obtained from such interpretability methods are useful for debugging, guiding feature engineering, directing future data collection, informing human decision-making, and building trust.

To be more specific, let us distinguish between two critical ideas in machine learning – interpretability and explainability. Interpretability refers to the degree to which a machine learning model can accurately link a cause (input) with an outcome (output). On the other hand, explainability refers to the degree to which the internal workings of a machine or deep learning system can be articulated in human words. In other words, it's the ability to explain what's happening.

In this article, we'll also look at Shapley values, which are one of the most often-used model explanation methods. We'll provide a technical overview of the details underlying Shapley value analysis and outline the foundation of how Shapley values are computed by mathematically formalizing the concept and by also showing an example to illustrate the Shapley value's analysis within a machine learning problem.

What are Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values?

If you search for 'SHAP analysis' you'll discover that the word originates from a 2017 article by Lundberg and Lee, titled "A Unified Approach to Interpreting Model Predictions", which introduces the idea of "Shapley Additive exPlanations" (also known as SHAP). When using SHAP, the aim is to provide an explanation for a machine learning model's prediction by computing the contribution of each feature to the prediction. The technical explanation for the concept of SHAP is the computation Shapley values from coalitional game theory. Shapley values were named in honour of Lloyd Shapley, who introduced the concept in 1951 and went on to win the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 2012. Simply put, Shapley values are a method for showing the relative impact of each feature (or variable) we're measuring on the eventual output of the machine learning model by comparing the relative effect of the inputs against the average.

Game Theory and Cooperative Game Theory

First, let's explain game theory so we can understand how it's used to analyze machine learning models. Game theory is a theoretical framework for social interactions with competing actors. It's the study of optimum decision-making by independent and competing agents in a strategic context. A "game" is any scenario in which there are many decision makers, each of whom seeks to maximize their outcomes. The optimal choice will be influenced by the decisions of others. The game determines the participants' identities, preferences, and possible tactics, as well as how these strategies influence the result. In the same context, cooperative game theory (a branch of game theory) posits that coalitions of players are the main units of decision-making and may compel cooperative conduct. As a result, cooperative games may be seen as a competition between a coalition of players rather than between individual players. So the goal is to develop a "formula" for measuring each player's contribution to the game, this formula is the Shapley value.

Shapley Values: Intuition

The scenario is as follows: a coalition of players collaborates in order to achieve a specific total benefit as a result of their collaboration. Given that certain players may make more contributions to the coalition than others and that various players may have varying levels of leverage or efficiency, what ultimate distribution of profit among players should result in any given game? In other words, we want to know how essential each participant is to the total collaboration, and what kind of reward can he or she anticipate as a result? One potential solution to this issue is provided by the Shapley coefficient values. So within the machine learning context, the feature values of a data instance serve as coalition members. Shapley values will then tell us how to divide the "payout" among the features in a fair manner, which is the prediction. A player may be a single feature value, as in tabular data. A player may alternatively be defined as a set of feature values.

Shapley Values: Formalism

It's important to understand the mathematical basis and the properties that support the Shapley value framework. This will be discussed in more detail in this section.

Shapley value formula

The Shapley value is defined as the marginal contribution of variable value to prediction across all conceivable "coalitions" or subsets of features. In other words, it is one approach to redistribute the overall profits among the players, given that they all cooperate. The amount that each "player" (or feature) gets after a game is defined as the following:

$ϕ_{i} (x) = \sum_{S \subset F {i}} \frac{| S |! (| F | - | S | - 1)!}{| F |!} [f_{S \cup {i}} (x_{S \cup {i}}) - f_{S} (x_{S})]$

Where:

$x$ : the observation input
$ϕ_{i} (x)$ : Shapley value for the feature $i$ for the input $x$ for the game/model $f$ .
$F$ : the set of all features
$f_{S}$ : the trained model on the subset of features $S$ .
$f_{S \cup \{i\}}$ : the trained model on the subset of features $S$ and ${i}$ .
$x_{S}$ : the restricted input of $x$ given the subset of features $S$ .
$x_{S \cup \{i\}}$ : the restricted input of $x$ given the subset of features $S$ and ${i}$ .

This could be reformulated and expressed as:

$ϕ_{i} (x) = \underset{Averaging}{\underset{⏟}{\frac{1}{| F |} \sum_{S \subset F {i}}}} \underset{combinatorial weights}{\underset{⏟}{{(\begin{matrix} | F | - 1 \\ | S | \end{matrix})}^{- 1}}} \underset{marginal contribution}{\underset{⏟}{[f_{S \cup {i}} (x_{S \cup {i}}) - f_{S} (x_{S})]}}$

The concept of Shapley values may be split into three components: averaging, combinatorial weights, and marginal contribution. It's preferable to read from right to left while developing intuition.

The marginal contribution is how much the model changes when a new feature $i$ is added. Given a set of features $S$ , we denote $f s$ as the model trained with features $S$ present. $f_{S \cup {i}}$ is the model trained with an extra feature $I$ . When these two models make different predictions, the quantity between square bracket is exactly how much they differ from each other.
Combinatorial weight is the weight to give to each of the different subsets of features with size $| S |$ (excluding the feature $i$ ).
And finally, averaging will determine the average of all marginal contributions from all conceivable subset sizes ranging from $0$ to $| F | - 1$ . We must omit the one feature for which we wish to evaluate the feature's importance.

Theoretical Properties

Shapley values have a number of desirable characteristics; such values satisfy the following four properties: Efficiency, Symmetry, Dummy, and Linearity. These aspects may be considered a definition of a fair weight when taken together.

Four properties of a Shapley value
	Definition	Mathematical formalism
Efficiency	The sum of the Shapley values of all features equals the value of the prediction trained with all the features, so that the total prediction is distributed among the features.	$\underset{\begin{array}{l} i \in F \end{array}}{\begin{array}{l} \sum \end{array}} ϕ_{i} (x) = f_{F} (x)$
Symmetry	The contributions of two feature values should be the same if they contribute equally to all possible coalitions.	$\begin{matrix} [\forall S \subset F \ {i, j} : f_{S \cup {i}} (x_{S \cup {i}}) = f_{S \cup {j}} (x_{S \cup {j}})] \\ ⇓ \\ ϕ_{i} (x) = ϕ_{j} (x) \end{matrix}$
Dummy	A feature that does not change the predicted value regardless of which coalition of feature values it is added to should have a Shapley value of $0$ .	$\forall S \subset F : [f_{S \cup {i}} (x_{S \cup {i}}) = f_{S} (x_{S}) \Rightarrow ϕ_{i} (x) = 0]$
Linearity	If two models described by the prediction functions $f$ and $g$ are combined, the distributed prediction should correspond to the contributions derived from $f$ and the contributions derived from $g$ .	$ϕ_{i}^{f + g} (x) = ϕ_{i}^{f} (x) + ϕ_{i}^{g} (x)$ $\forall a \in R ϕ_{i}^{a . f} (x) = a . ϕ_{i}^{f} (x)$

Consider the following scenario: You trained a random forest model, which implies the prediction is based on an average of several different decision trees. You may compute the Shapley value for each tree independently, average them, and use the resulting Shapley value to calculate the feature value in a random forest. This is guaranteed by the linearity property.

Machine Learning Application Example: Interpretability

The theoretical qualities of Shapley values are all interesting and desirable to have, but in practice we may not be able to determine the precise Shapley value because of practical constraints. Obtaining the precise Shapley value formulation takes a significant amount of processing time. When it comes to real-world situations, the approximate answer is often most practical because there are $2^{| F |}$ potential coalitions of the feature values. Calculation of the exact Shapley value is computationally too costly. Fortunately, we can apply certain approximation approaches; the quality of these techniques affects how well the theoretical characteristics hold. Several research tests have been conducted to demonstrate the SHAP approximation results are more consistent when compared to the values produced by other commonly used algorithms.

The following figure will provide an example of how to examine the contributions of features to investigate the predictions of an "Xgboost" model that estimates the sale price for homes using 237 explanatory variables, describing nearly every aspect of residential homes in Ames, lowa. The dataset for this analysis is publicly accessible on: Kaggle - House Prices - Advanced Regression Techniques.

Figure 1 - example of how to examine the contributions of features to investigate the predictions of an Xgboost model that estimates the sale price for homes — Description - Figure 1

Expected value of a home changes based on features such as living area size, garage size, square footage, bathroom, etc. The model output for this prediction changes based on each feature to come up with an overall predicted value of the home. The y axis has a list of each feature name and its value. The x axis is the expected value of the model output, $E [f (X)$ = 182711.595. The features, and their value, are listed with their positive or negative contribution as follows:
7 565 = GR Liv Area +18693.31
7 = OverallQual +13485.23
650 = GarageArea +10668.53
7050 = LotArea -7660.98
3 = ExterQual +6583.78
1057 = 1stFlrSF -6415.29
9 = AgeBuilt +6133.73
3 = GarageFinish +5648.2
1 = HalfBath +5301.53
228 Other features +7397.47

The bottom of this plot starts as the expected value of the model output (182K). Each row above it, shows how the positive (red) or negative (blue) contribution of each feature moves the value from the expected model output, to the model output for this prediction (242K). The gray text before the feature names shows the value of each feature for this sample. According to this graph, we can conclude that 228 other features add a total of $7,397.47 to the predetermined value. And that each numbered variable above impacts the value by over $5,000. The expected price of this particular home climbs to over $18,000 with a floor area of 7,500 square feet. The price is discounted by $7,660.98 due to the size of the lot being 7,050 square feet.

Conclusion

As discussed, Shapley values have mathematically satisfied theoretical properties as a solution to game theory problems. The framework provides contrastive explanations which means that instead of comparing a prediction to the average prediction of the full dataset, you may compare it to a subset or even a single data point. It explains a prediction as a game played by the feature values.

Furthermore, this methodology is one of the few explanation methods with a strong theory, since the mathematical axioms (efficiency, symmetry, dummy, additivity) provide a reasonable foundation for the explanation.

Finally, it's worth mentioning that this strategy is only one of many possible solutions. However, the Shapley value is often preferable since it is based on a solid theory, fairly divides the effects, and provides a complete explanation.

References

Bosa, K. (2021). Responsible use of machine learning at Statistics Canada.

Cock, D. D. (2011). Ames, Iowa: Alternative to the Boston Housing Data. Journal of Statistics Education.

Molnar, C. (2021). Interpretable Machine Learning: A Guide for Making Black Box Models Explainable.

Scott Lundberg, S.-I. L. (2017). A Unified Approach to Interpreting Model Predictions.

Yadvinder Bhuller, H. C., & O'Rourke, K. (n.d.). From Exploring to Building Accurate Interpretable Machine Learning Models for Decision-Making: Think Simple, not Complex.

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Date modified:: 2022-02-28

Wholesale Trade Survey (monthly): CVs for total sales by geography - December 2021

Wholesale Trade Survey (monthly): CVs for Total sales by geography – November 2021
Geography	Month
	202012	202101	202102	202103	202104	202105	202106	202107	202108	202109	202110	202111	202112
	percentage
Canada	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.6	0.7	0.9	0.8	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.9
Newfoundland and Labrador	0.4	0.6	0.5	0.2	1.2	2.3	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.4
Prince Edward Island	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotia	6.3	1.8	1.7	2.6	4.8	8.1	3.0	2.3	2.5	3.1	2.3	2.2	5.5
New Brunswick	3.5	3.4	2.6	1.1	1.1	1.9	3.4	2.1	1.9	2.4	2.1	4.0	1.6
Quebec	1.7	1.8	1.8	1.9	1.8	3.1	2.9	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.7	1.7	1.8
Ontario	1.3	1.2	1.1	0.9	1.1	1.2	0.9	0.8	1.0	1.0	1.0	0.9	1.7
Manitoba	2.5	1.7	2.4	1.8	2.8	5.3	1.7	0.8	1.1	1.6	1.7	1.3	1.7
Saskatchewan	1.0	1.0	1.6	1.2	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.5	1.3	1.7	1.0	0.8	0.7
Alberta	1.7	1.0	1.2	1.1	1.2	1.4	1.2	1.5	1.1	1.0	1.4	2.1	1.0
British Columbia	1.4	1.5	1.4	1.5	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.5	1.4	1.9	1.2	1.7	1.2
Yukon Territory	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northwest Territories	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nunavut	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Real Estate Agents, Brokers, Appraisers and Other Real Estate Activities: CVs for operating revenue – 2020

Real Estate Agents, Brokers, Appraisers and Other Real Estate Activities: CVs for operating revenue – 2020
Geography	CVs for operating revenue
	Offices of real estate agents and brokers
	percent
Canada	0.78
Newfoundland and Labrador	0.61
Prince Edward Island	0.00
Nova Scotia	0.66
New Brunswick	0.58
Quebec	1.69
Ontario	1.31
Manitoba	0.81
Saskatchewan	1.34
Alberta	1.22
British Columbia	0.95
Yukon	0.00
Northwest Territories	0.00
Nunavut	0.00

Why are we conducting this survey?

This survey is conducted by Statistics Canada in order to collect the necessary information to support the Integrated Business Statistics Program (IBSP). This program combines various survey and administrative data to develop comprehensive measures of the Canadian economy.

The statistical information from the IBSP serves many purposes, including:

calculating each province and territory's fair share of federal-provincial transfer payments for health, education and social programs
establishing government programs to assist businesses
assisting the business community in negotiating contracts and collective agreements
supporting the government in making informed decisions about fiscal, monetary and foreign exchange policies
indexing social benefit programs and determining tax brackets
enabling academics and economists to analyze the economic performance of Canadian industries and to better understand rapidly evolving business environments.

Your information may also be used by Statistics Canada for other statistical and research purposes.

Your participation in this survey is required under the authority of the Statistics Act.

Other important information

Authorization to collect this information

Data are collected under the authority of the Statistics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, Chapter S-19.

Confidentiality

By law, Statistics Canada is prohibited from releasing any information it collects that could identify any person, business, or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent, or as permitted by the Statistics Act. Statistics Canada will use the information from this survey for statistical purposes only.

Record linkages

To enhance the data from this survey and to reduce the reporting burden, Statistics Canada may combine the acquired data with information from other surveys or from administrative sources.

Data-sharing agreements

To reduce respondent burden, Statistics Canada has entered into data-sharing agreements with provincial and territorial statistical agencies and other government organizations, which have agreed to keep the data confidential and use them only for statistical purposes. Statistics Canada will only share data from this survey with those organizations that have demonstrated a requirement to use the data.

Section 11 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with provincial and territorial statistical agencies that meet certain conditions. These agencies must have the legislative authority to collect the same information, on a mandatory basis, and the legislation must provide substantially the same provisions for confidentiality and penalties for disclosure of confidential information as the Statistics Act. Because these agencies have the legal authority to compel businesses to provide the same information, consent is not requested and businesses may not object to the sharing of the data.

For this survey, there are Section 11 agreements with the provincial and territorial statistical agencies of Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Québec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia and the Yukon. The shared data will be limited to information pertaining to business establishments located within the jurisdiction of the respective province or territory.

Section 12 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with federal, provincial or territorial government organizations.

Under Section 12, you may refuse to share your information with any of these organizations by writing a letter of objection to the Chief Statistician, specifying the organizations with which you do not want Statistics Canada to share your data and mailing it to the following address:

Chief Statistician of Canada
Statistics Canada
Attention of Director, Enterprise Statistics Division
150 Tunney's Pasture Driveway
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0T6

You may also contact us by email at statcan.esd-helpdesk-dse-bureaudedepannage.statcan@canada.ca or by fax at 613-951-6583.

For this survey, there are Section 12 agreements with the statistical agencies of Prince Edward Island, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut.

For agreements with provincial and territorial government organizations, the shared data will be limited to information pertaining to business establishments located within the jurisdiction of the respective province or territory.

1. Verify or provide the business or organization's legal and operating name and correct where needed.

Note: Legal name modifications should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

Note: Press the help button (?) for additional information.

Legal Name
The legal name is one recognized by law, thus it is the name liable for pursuit or for debts incurred by the business or organization. In the case of a corporation, it is the legal name as fixed by its charter or the statute by which the corporation was created.

Modifications to the legal name should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

To indicate a legal name of another legal entity you should instead indicate it in question 3 by selecting 'Not currently operational' and then choosing the applicable reason and providing the legal name of this other entity along with any other requested information.

Operating Name
The operating name is a name the business or organization is commonly known as if different from its legal name. The operating name is synonymous with trade name.

Legal name

Operating name (if applicable)

2. Verify or provide the contact information of the designated business or organization contact person for this questionnaire and correct where needed.

Note: The designated contact person is the person who should receive this questionnaire. The designated contact person may not always be the one who actually completes the questionnaire.

First name

Last name

Title

Preferred language of communication

English
French

Mailing address (number and street)

City

Province, territory or state

Postal code or ZIP code

Country

Canada
United States

Email address

Telephone number (including area code)

Extension number (if applicable)
The maximum number of characters is 10.

Fax number (including area code)

3. Verify or provide the current operational status of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

Operational
Not currently operational

Why is this business or organization not currently operational?

Seasonal operations
- When did this business or organization close for the season?
  - Date
- When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
  - Date
Ceased operations
- When did this business or organization cease operations?
  - Date
- Why did this business or organization cease operations?
  - Bankruptcy
  - Liquidation
  - Dissolution
  - Other - specify the other reasons for ceased operations
Sold operations
- When was this business or organization sold?
  - Date
- What is the legal name of the buyer?
Amalgamated with other businesses or organizations
- When did this business or organization amalgamate?
  - Date
- What is the legal name of the resulting or continuing business or organization?
- What are the legal names of the other amalgamated businesses or organizations?
Temporarily inactive but will re-open
- When did this business or organization become temporarily inactive?
  - Date
- When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
  - Date
- Why is this business or organization temporarily inactive?
No longer operating due to other reasons
- When did this business or organization cease operations?
  - Date
- Why did this business or organization cease operations?

4. Verify or provide the current main activity of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

Note: The described activity was assigned using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

Note: Press the help button (?) for additional information, including a detailed description of this activity complete with example activities and any applicable exclusions.

This question verifies the business or organization's current main activity as classified by the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) is an industry classification system developed by the statistical agencies of Canada, Mexico and the United States. Created against the background of the North American Free Trade Agreement, it is designed to provide common definitions of the industrial structure of the three countries and a common statistical framework to facilitate the analysis of the three economies. NAICS is based on supply-side or production-oriented principles, to ensure that industrial data, classified to NAICS, are suitable for the analysis of production-related issues such as industrial performance.

The target entity for which NAICS is designed are businesses and other organizations engaged in the production of goods and services. They include farms, incorporated and unincorporated businesses and government business enterprises. They also include government institutions and agencies engaged in the production of marketed and non-marketed services, as well as organizations such as professional associations and unions and charitable or non-profit organizations and the employees of households.

The associated NAICS should reflect those activities conducted by the business or organizational units targeted by this questionnaire only, as identified in the 'Answering this questionnaire' section and which can be identified by the specified legal and operating name. The main activity is the activity which most defines the targeted business or organization's main purpose or reason for existence. For a business or organization that is for-profit, it is normally the activity that generates the majority of the revenue for the entity.

The NAICS classification contains a limited number of activity classifications; the associated classification might be applicable for this business or organization even if it is not exactly how you would describe this business or organization's main activity.

Please note that any modifications to the main activity through your response to this question might not necessarily be reflected prior to the transmitting of subsequent questionnaires and as a result they may not contain this updated information.

The following is the detailed description including any applicable examples or exclusions for the classification currently associated with this business or organization.

Description and examples

This is the current main activity
This is not the current main activity

Provide a brief but precise description of this business or organization's main activity

e.g., breakfast cereal manufacturing, shoe store, software development

Main activity

5. You indicated that is not the current main activity.

Was this business or organization's main activity ever classified as: ?

Yes
When did the main activity change?
Date
No

6. Search and select the industry classification code that best corresponds to this business or organization's main activity.

How to search:

if desired, you can filter the search results by first selecting this business or organization's activity sector
enter keywords or a brief description that best describes this business or organization main activity
press the Search button to search the database for an activity that best matches the keywords or description you provided
then select an activity from the list.

Select this business or organization's activity sector (optional)

Farming or logging operation
Construction company or general contractor
Manufacturer
Wholesaler
Retailer
Provider of passenger or freight transportation
Provider of investment, savings or insurance products
Real estate agency, real estate brokerage or leasing company
Provider of professional, scientific or technical services
Provider of health care or social services
Restaurant, bar, hotel, motel or other lodging establishment
Other sector

Enter keywords or a brief description, then press the Search button

7. You have indicated that the current main activity of this business or organization is:

Main activity

Are there any other activities that contribute significantly (at least 10%) to this business or organization's revenue?

Yes, there are other activities
No, that is the only significant activity

Provide a brief but precise description of this business or organization's secondary activity

e.g., breakfast cereal manufacturing, shoe store, software development

8. Approximately what percentage of this business or organization's revenue is generated by each of the following activities?

When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimates.

This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
	Percentage of revenue
Main activity
Secondary activity
All other activities
Total percentage

Reporting period information

1. What are the start and end dates of this business's or organization's most recently completed fiscal year?

For this survey, the end date should fall between April 1, 2021 and March 31, 2022.

Note: Press the help button (?) for additional information, including examples of reporting periods.

Here are twelve common fiscal periods that fall within the targeted dates:

May 1, 2020 to April 30, 2021
June 1, 2020 to May 31, 2021
July 1, 2020 to June 30, 2021
August 1, 2020 to July 31, 2021
September 1, 2020 to August 31, 2021
October 1, 2020 to September 30, 2021
November 1, 2020 to October 31, 2021
December 1, 2020 to November 30, 2021
January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021
February 1, 2021 to January 31, 2022
March 1, 2021 to February 28, 2022
April 1, 2021 to March 31, 2022.

Here are other examples of fiscal periods that fall within the required dates:

September 18, 2020 to September 15, 2021 (e.g., floating year-end)
June 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021 (e.g., a newly opened business).

Fiscal year start date

Fiscal year-end date

2. What is the reason the reporting period does not cover a full year?

Select all that apply.

Seasonal operations
New business
Change of ownership
Temporarily inactive
Change of fiscal year
Ceased operations
Other - Specify reason the reporting period does not cover a full year

Additional reporting instructions

1. Throughout this questionnaire, please report financial information in thousands of Canadian dollars.

For example, an amount of $763,880.25 should be reported as:

CAN$ '000$: 764,000

I will report in the format above

Revenue

1. For the reporting period of YYYY-MM-DD to YYYY-MM-DD, what was this business's revenue from each of the following sources?

Notes:

a detailed breakdown may be requested in other sections
these questions are asked of many different industries. Some questions may not apply to this business

Report dollar amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Revenue

a. Sales of goods and services (e.g., fees, commissions, services revenue)

Report net of returns and allowances.

Sales of goods and services are defined as amounts derived from the sale of goods and services (cash or credit), falling within a business's ordinary activities. Sales should be reported net of trade discount, value added tax and other taxes based on sales.

Include:

sales from Canadian locations (domestic and export sales)
transfers to other business units or a head office of your firm.

Exclude:

transfers into inventory and consignment sales
federal, provincial and territorial sales taxes and excise duties and taxes
intercompany sales in consolidated financial statements.

b. Rental and leasing

Include rental or leasing of apartments, commercial buildings, land, office space, residential housing, investments in co-tenancies and co-ownerships, hotel or motel rooms, long and short term vehicle leasing, machinery or equipment, storage lockers, etc.

c. Commissions

Include commissions earned on the sale of products or services by businesses such as advertising agencies, brokers, insurance agents, lottery ticket sales, sales representatives and travel agencies - compensation could also be reported under this item (for example, compensation for collecting sales tax).

d. Subsidies (including grants, donations, fundraising and sponsorships)

Include:

non-repayable grants, contributions and subsidies from all levels of government
revenue from private sector (corporate and individual) sponsorships, donations and fundraising.

e. Royalties, rights, licensing and franchise fees

A royalty is defined as a payment received by the holder of a copyright, trademark or patent.

Include revenue received from the sale or use of all intellectual property rights of copyrighted materials such as musical, literary, artistic or dramatic works, sound recordings or the broadcasting of communication signals.

f. Dividends

Include:

dividend income
dividends from Canadian sources
dividends from foreign sources
patronage dividends.

Exclude equity income from investments in subsidiaries or affiliates.

g. Interest

Include:

investment revenue
interest from foreign sources
interest from Canadian bonds and debentures
interest from Canadian mortgage loans
interest from other Canadian sources.

Exclude equity income from investments in subsidiaries or affiliates.

h. All other revenue (Include intracompany transfers)

Include amounts not included in questions a. to g.

Total revenue

The sum of sub-questions a. to h.

This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
	CAN$ '000
a. Sales of goods and services
b. Rental and leasing
c. Commissions
d. Subsidies
e. Royalties, rights, licensing and franchise fees
f. Dividends
g. Interest
h. Other
Total revenue

E-commerce

The following questions are about e-commerce activities.

E-commerce revenue: Sales of goods and services conducted over the Internet with or without online payment.

Include all revenue for which an order is received and commitment to purchase is made via the Internet, although payment can be made by other means, such as orders made on web pages, an extranet, mobile devices or Electronic Data Interchange (EDI).

Exclude orders made by telephone, facsimile or email.

Sales from automated kiosks located within the business's establishments are excluded from E-commerce sales.

1. For the reporting period of YYYY-MM-DD to YYYY-MM-DD, what was this business's total revenue?

Include:

sales of goods and services
rental, leasing and property management
commissions
subsidies, grants, donations, fundraising and sponsorships
royalties
rights
licensing and franchise fees
dividends, interest and other revenue.

Report dollar amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Total revenue in CAN$ '000

2. For the reporting period of YYYY-MM-DD to YYYY-MM-DD, did this business have any e-commerce revenue?

E-commerce revenue: Sales of goods and services conducted over the Internet with or without online payment.

Exclude orders made by telephone, facsimile or email.

3. Of the amount reported in total revenue, what was the total e-commerce revenue?

When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimates.

Report dollar amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Total e-commerce revenue in CAN$ '000

4. For the reporting period of YYYY-MM-DD to YYYY-MM-DD, did this business make sales over the Internet through any of the following methods?

Select all that apply.

Mobile app
Include sales through any app, or application, that is downloaded and designed to run on a handheld device such as a smartphone or tablet (for example, places where a user may download these apps, including Apple's App Store, Google Play or Blackberry App World).
Company website
Include sales through a browser-based website where your organization maintains control of the content.
Third-party website
Include sales through a browser-based website where a third-party maintains the structure of the website and control of the look and feel while your company only provides the product to be sold (for example, Amazon, Expedia or Etsy).
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
A standard format for exchanging business data. EDI is based on the use of message standards, ensuring that all participants use a common language.
Via a mobile app
Via your company website
Via a third-party website
Via Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
Other - Specify the other methods

5. Does this business have any full-time staff dedicated solely to activities related to e-commerce?

6. Why did this business not make sales over the Internet?

Select all that apply.

Goods and services do not lend themselves to online sales
Prefer to maintain current business model
Lack of skilled workers to implement and maintain e-commerce infrastructure
Cost of development is too high
Security concerns
Other -Specify the other reasons

Expenses

1. For the reporting period of YYYY-MM-DD to YYYY-MM-DD, what were this business's expenses for the following items?

Notes:

a detailed breakdown may be requested in other sections
these questions are asked of many different industries. Some questions may not apply to this business

Report dollar amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Expenses

-a. Cost of goods sold

Many business units distinguish their costs of materials from their other business expenses (selling, general and administrative). This item is included to allow you to easily record your costs/expenses according to your normal accounting practices.

Include:

cost of raw materials and/or goods purchased for resale - net of discounts earned on purchases
freight in and duty.

Exclude all costs associated with salaries, wages, benefits, commissions and subcontracts (report at Employment costs and expenses, and Subcontracts).

-b. -Employment costs and expenses

-b1. Salaries, wages and commissions

Please report all salaries and wages (including taxable allowances and employment commissions as defined on the T4 - Statement of Remuneration Paid) before deductions for this reporting period.

Include:

vacation pay
bonuses (including profit sharing)
employee commissions
taxable allowances (e.g., room and board, vehicle allowances, gifts such as airline tickets for holidays)
severance pay.

Exclude all payments and expenses associated with casual labour and outside contract workers (report at Subcontracts).

-b2. Employee benefits

Include contributions to:

health plans
insurance plans
employment insurance
pension plans
workers' compensation
association dues
contributions to any other employee benefits such as child care and supplementary unemployment benefit (SUB) plans
contributions to provincial and territorial health and education payroll taxes.

c. Subcontracts

Subcontract expense refers to the purchasing of services from outside of the company rather than providing them in-house.

Include:

hired casual labour and outside contract workers
custom work and contract work
subcontract and outside labour
hired labour.

d. Research and development fees

Expenses from activities conducted with the intention of making a discovery that could either lead to the development of new products or procedures, or to the improvement of existing products or procedures.

e. Professional and business fees

Include:

legal services
accounting and auditing fees
consulting fees
education and training fees
appraisal fees
management and administration fees
property management fees
information technology (IT) consulting and service fees (purchased)
architectural fees
engineering fees
scientific and technical service fees
other consulting fees (management, technical and scientific)
veterinary fees
fees for human health services
payroll preparation fees
all other professional and business service fees.

Exclude service fees paid to Head Office (report at All other costs and expenses).

f. Utilities

Utility expenses related to operating your business unit such as water, electricity, gas and heating.

Include:

diesel, fuel wood, natural gas, oil and propane
sewage.

Exclude:

energy expenses covered in your rental and leasing contracts
telephone, Internet and other telecommunications
vehicle fuel (report at All other costs and expenses).

g. Office and computer related expenses

Include:

office stationery and supplies, paper and other supplies for photocopiers, printers and fax machines
postage and courier (used in the day to day office business activity)
computer and peripherals upgrade expenses
data processing.

Exclude telephone, Internet and other telecommunication expenses (report at Telephone, Internet and other telecommunication).

h. Telephone, Internet and other telecommunication

Include:

internet
telephone and telecommunications
cellular telephone
fax machine
pager.

i. Business taxes, licenses and permits

Include:

property taxes paid directly and property transfer taxes
vehicle license fees
beverage taxes and business taxes
trade license fees
membership fees and professional license fees
provincial capital tax.

j. Royalties, franchise fees and memberships

Include:

amounts paid to holders of patents, copyrights, performing rights and trademarks
gross overriding royalty expenses and direct royalty costs
resident and non-resident royalty expenses
franchise fees.

Exclude Crown royalties

k. Crown charges

Federal or Provincial royalty, tax, lease or rental payments made in relation to the acquisition, development or ownership of Canadian resource properties.

Include:

Crown royalties
Crown leases and rentals
oil sand leases
stumpage fees.

l. Rental and leasing

Include:

lease rental expenses, real estate rental expenses, condominium fees and equipment rental expenses
motor vehicle rental and leasing expenses
studio lighting and scaffolding
machinery and equipment rental expenses
storage expenses
road and construction equipment rental
fuel and other utility costs covered in your rental and leasing contracts.

m. Repair and maintenance

Include:

buildings and structures
machinery and equipment
security equipment
vehicles
costs related to materials, parts and external labour associated with these expenses
janitorial and cleaning services and garbage removal.

n. Amortization and depreciation

Include:

direct cost depreciation of tangible assets and amortization of leasehold improvements
amortization of intangible assets (e.g., amortization of goodwill, patents, franchises, copyrights, trademarks, deferred charges, organizational costs).

o. Insurance

Insurance recovery income should be deducted from insurance expenses.

Include:

professional and other liability insurance
motor vehicle and property insurance
executive life insurance
bonding, business interruption insurance and fire insurance.

p. Advertising, marketing, promotion, meals and entertainment

Include:

newspaper advertising and media expenses
catalogues, presentations and displays
tickets for theatre, concerts and sporting events for business promotion
fundraising expenses
meals, entertainment and hospitality purchases for clients.

q. Travel, meetings and conventions

Include:

travel expenses
meeting and convention expenses, seminars
passenger transportation (e.g., airfare, bus, train)
accommodations
travel allowance and meals while travelling
other travel expenses.

r. Financial services

Include:

explicit service charges for financial services
credit and debit card commissions and charges
collection expenses and transfer fees
registrar and transfer agent fees
security and exchange commission fees
other financial service fees.

Exclude interest expenses (report at Interest expense).

s. Interest expense

Report the cost of servicing your company's debt.

Include:

interest
bank charges
finance charges
interest payments on capital leases
amortization of bond discounts
interest on short-term and long-term debt, mortgages, bonds and debentures.

t. Other non-production-related costs and expenses

Include:

charitable donations and political contributions
bad debt expense
loan losses
provisions for loan losses (minus bad debt recoveries)
inventory adjustments.

u. All other costs and expenses (including intracompany expenses)

Include:

production costs
pipeline operations, drilling, site restoration
gross overriding royalty
other producing property rentals
well operating, fuel and equipment
other lease rentals
other direct costs
equipment hire and operation
log yard expense, forestry costs, logging road costs
freight in and duty
overhead expenses allocated to cost of sales
other expenses
cash over/short (negative expense)
reimbursement of parent company expense
warranty expense
recruiting expenses
general and administrative expenses
interdivisional expenses
interfund transfer (minus expense recoveries)
exploration and development (including prospect/geological, well abandonment and dry holes, exploration expenses, development expenses)
amounts not included in sub-questions a. to t. above.

Total expenses

The sum of sub-questions a. to u.

This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
	CAN$ '000
a Cost of goods sold
a1. Opening inventories
a2. Purchases
a3. Closing inventories
a4. Cost of goods sold
b. Employment costs and expenses
b1. Salaries, wages and commissions
b2. Employee benefits
c. Subcontracts
d. Research and development fees
e. Professional and business fees
f. Utilities
g. Office and computer related expenses
h. Telephone, Internet and other telecommunication
i. Business taxes, licenses and permits
j. Royalties, franchise fees and memberships
k. Crown charges
l. Rental and leasing
m. Repair and maintenance
n. Amortization and depreciation
o. Insurance
p. Advertising, marketing, promotion, meals and entertainment
q. Travel, meetings and conventions
r. Financial services
s. Interest expense
t. Other non-production-related costs and expenses
u. All other costs and expenses
Total expenses

Industry characteristics

1. What were this business's sales for each of the following goods and services?

Report dollar amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

a. Information technology (IT) technical consulting services

The provision of advice or expert opinion on technical matters related to the use of information technology. Include advice on matters such as hardware and software requirements and procurement, systems integration and systems security. The provision of expert testimony on IT-related issues are also included here.

b. Custom software design and development services

b1. Website design and development services

This service consists of designing the structure and content of a web page and/or writing the computer code necessary to create and implement a web page.

b2. Database design and development services

This service consists of designing the structure and content of a database and/or of writing the computer code necessary to create and implement a database (data warehouse). Exclude contracts where the design and development of a database is bundled with the on-going management of the data holdings and are classified in the data management services sub category.

b3. Customization and integration of packaged software

This service consists of adapting (modifying, configuring, etc.) and installing an existing application so that it is functional within the clients' information system environment.

b4. Video game design and development services

b5. Other custom software development services

This service consists of adapting (modifying, configuring, etc.) and installing an existing application so that it is functional within the client's information system environment or creating software to meet the specific needs of the clients.

c. Computer systems and network design and development services

c1. Network design and development services (include network security design)

This service consists of designing, developing and implementing customer networks such as Intranets, Extranets and Virtual Private Networks.

c2. Computer systems design, development and integration services

This service consists of assessing an organization's computer requirements, advising on hardware and software acquisitions, developing system specifications and either putting the new system in place or providing the client with the necessary specifications to put the new system in place.

d. Hosting and information technology (IT) infrastructure provisioning services (e.g., Website hosting, application service provisioning, business process management services, collocation, data storage and management)

Website hosting services

The service of providing the infrastructure to host a customer's website and related files in a location that provides fast, reliable connection to the Internet.

Application service provisioning (ASP)

The provision of leased software applications from a centralized, hosted, and managed computing environment.

Business process management services

A bundled service package that combines information-technology-intensive services with labour (manual or professional depending on the solution), machinery and facilities to support, host and manage a business process for a client.

Collocation

The provision of rack space within a secured facility for the placement of servers and enterprise platforms. The service includes the space for the client's hardware and software, connection to the Internet or other communication networks and routine monitoring of servers. Clients are responsible for the management of the operating system, hardware and software.

Data storage

The service of administering storage and back-up management of data such as remote back-up services, storage or hierarchical storage management (migration).

Data management

The ongoing management and administration of data as an organizational resource. Services may include performing data modelling, data mobilization, data mapping/rationalization, data mining and system architecture.

e. IT infrastructure and network management services

e1. Network management services

The service of managing and monitoring communication networks and connected hardware to diagnose networking problems and gather capacity and usage statistics for the administration and fine-tuning of network traffic. These services also remotely manage security systems or provide security-related services.

e2. Computer systems management services

Providing day-to-day management and operation of a client's computer system.

f. Information and document transformation services (e.g., imaging, data conversion and migration)

The service of converting paper documents into digital or other machine-readable formats. The service generally involves the following components: 1) document preparation; 2) scanning, optical character recognition and other data capture activities; 3) delivery or output of the information captured into a database or a physical medium.

g. IT technical support services (for hardware or software; include disaster recovery services)

The provision of technical expertise to solve problems for the client in using software, hardware or entire computer system.

The provision of customer support in using or troubleshooting software and include upgrade services and the provision of patches and updates.

The provision of customer support in using or troubleshooting the computer hardware and software. It includes testing and cleaning on a routine basis and repair of IT equipment. Includes technical assistance in moving a client's computer system to a new location.

The provision of technical expertise to solve specialized problems for the client using a computer system. These specialized services include computer auditing and assessment, data recovery and disaster recovery.

Services of auditing or assessing computer operations without providing advice or other follow-up action. Includes auditing, assessing and documenting a server, network or process for components, capabilities, performance or security.

Retrieving a client's data from a damaged or unstable hard drive or other storage medium.

Providing standby computer equipment and duplicate software in a separate location to enable a client to relocate regular staff to resume and maintain routine computerized operations in the event of a disaster such as a fire or flood.

h. Software publishing

h1. System software (include programming languages)

Publication of low-level software required to manage computer resources and support the production or execution of application programs but which is not specific to any particular application.

Operating system software

Software that controls a computer and its peripherals. Modern operating systems such as Linux, Macintosh OSX and Windows 7, 8, 8.1 and 10 handle many of a computer's basic functions.

Network software

Software that monitors an active communications network in order to diagnose problems and gather statistics for administration and fine-tuning.

Database management software

A program that manages all facets of a database. Primary services of database management software include storage, modification and extraction of data. Database management software also regulates user access and protects data against damage.

Development tools and programming languages software

Software used to assist in the development and/or authoring of computer programs. Software products that support the professional developer in the design, development and implementation of a variety of software systems and solutions (includes all program development tools and programming languages software).

h2. Application software

Any self-contained program that performs a specific function directly for the end user.

General business productivity and home use applications

Software used for general business purposes to improve productivity, or in the home for entertainment, reference or educational purposes (include office suite applications such as word processors, spreadsheets, simple databases, graphics applications, project management software, computer-based training software, games, references, home education, etc.).

Cross-industry applications

Software that is designed to perform and/or manage a specific business function or process that is not unique to a particular industry (include professional accounting software, human resource management, customer relations management software, geographic information system software, web page/site design software, etc.).

Vertical market applications

Software that performs a wide range of business functions for a specific industry such as manufacturing, retail, healthcare, engineering, restaurants, etc.

Utilities software

A small computer program that performs a very specific task. Utilities differ from other software applications in terms of size, cost and complexity (examples Include: compression programs, anti-virus, search engines, font, file viewers and voice recognition software. Software that monitors an active communications network in order to diagnose problems and gather statistics for administration and fine-tuning).

This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
	CAN$ '000
Information technology (IT) technical consulting services
Custom software design and development services
Website design and development services
Database design and development services
Customization and integration of packaged software
Video game design and development services
Other custom software development services
Computer systems and network design and development services
Network design and development services
Computer systems design, development and integration services
Hosting and IT infrastructure provisioning services
IT infrastructure and network management services
Network management services
Computer systems management services
Information and document transformation services
IT technical support services for hardware or software
Software publishing
System software
Application software
Video gaming software
Re-sale of computer hardware and software (retail and wholesale)
Computer hardware
Software
IT related training services
Other
Total sales of goods and services

2. Approximately what percentage (%) of this business's total revenue was generated by new or substantially improved products or services introduced by this business during the three-year period 2017-2020?

Percentage

3. Approximately what percentage of this business's total expenses was related to product research and development?

Percentage

4. Approximately what percentage of this business's total revenue was from developing or publishing gaming software products?

Percentage

Sales by type of client

1. What was this business's breakdown of sales by the following types of client?

Sales by type of client

This section is designed to measure which sector of the economy purchases your services.

Please provide a percentage breakdown of your sales by type of client.

Please ensure that the sum of percentages reported in this section equals 100%.

a. to c. Clients in Canada

a. Individuals and households

Please report the percentage of sales to individuals and households who do not represent the business or government sector.

b. Businesses

Percentage of sales sold to the business sector should be reported here.

Include sales to Crown corporations.

c. Governments, not-for-profit organizations and public institutions (e.g., hospitals, schools)

Percentage of sales to federal, provincial, territorial and municipal governments should be reported here.

Include: sales to hospitals, schools, universities and public utilities.

d. Clients outside Canada

Please report the percentage of total sales to customers or clients located outside Canada including foreign businesses, foreign individuals, foreign institutions and/or governments.

Include sales to foreign subsidiaries and affiliates.

This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
	Percentage
Clients in Canada — individuals and households
Clients in Canada — businesses
Clients in Canada — governments, not-for-profit organizations and public institutions
Clients outside Canada
Total percentage

Sales by consumer location

1. What was the percentage breakdown of this business's sales by consumer location?

Consumer location is the location where the goods or services will ultimately be used.

If ultimate consumer location is not known, the following are acceptable substitutes:

shipping destination
client's billing address
location of this business's retail customers
location of this business's warehouse/distribution centres.

This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
	Percentage
Newfoundland and Labrador
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Yukon
Northwest Territories
Nunavut
United States
All other countries
Total percentage

International transactions - revenue received from exports

1. During the reporting period of YYYY-MM-DD to YYYY-MM-DD, did this business receive revenue from clients outside Canada for the sale of products, services, royalties, rights, licensing or franchise fees?

This section is intended to measure the value of international transactions on goods, services, royalties and licensing fees. It covers imported services and goods purchased outside Canada as well as the value of exported services and goods to clients/customers outside Canada. Please report also royalties, rights, licensing and franchise fees paid to and/or received from outside Canada. Services cover a variety of industrial, professional, trade and business services.

2. What was the revenue received from clients outside Canada?

Revenue received (CAN$ '000)

3. What was the percentage breakdown of revenue received from clients outside Canada by goods, services and royalties?

This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
	Percentage
Goods
Services
Royalties, rights, licensing and franchise fees
Total percentage

4. What was the percentage breakdown of revenue received from clients outside Canada by country?

What was the percentage breakdown of revenue received from clients outside Canada by country?
	Percentage
a. United States
b. Mexico
c. Provide the percentage of revenue received from any other countries - top 4 clients only
c1. Other country 1 Begin entering the name of the other country by typing the first few letters to narrow down the choices or enter your own answer Specify other country 1:
c2. Other country 2 Begin entering the name of the other country by typing the first few letters to narrow down the choices or enter your own answer Specify other country 2:
c3. Other country 3 Begin entering the name of the other country by typing the first few letters to narrow down the choices or enter your own answer Specify other country 3:
c4. Other country 4 Begin entering the name of the other country by typing the first few letters to narrow down the choices or enter your own answer Specify other country 4:
Total percentage
List of countries Aruba Afghanistan Angola Anguilla Åland Islands Albania Andorra United Arab Emirates Argentina Armenia American Samoa Antarctica French Southern Territories Antigua and Barbuda Australia Austria Azerbaijan Burundi Belgium Benin Bonaire, Saint Eustatius and Saba Burkina Faso Bangladesh Bulgaria Bahrain Bahamas Bosnia and Herzegovina Saint Barthélemy Belarus Belize Bermuda Bolivia Brazil Barbados Brunei Darussalam Bhutan Bouvet Island Botswana Central African Republic Cocos (Keeling) Islands Switzerland Chile China Côte d'Ivoire Cameroon Congo, The Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Cook Islands Colombia Comoros Cape Verde Costa Rica Cuba Curaçao Christmas Island Cayman Islands Cyprus Czech Republic Germany Djibouti Dominica Denmark Dominican Republic Algeria Ecuador Egypt Eritrea Western Sahara Spain Estonia Ethiopia Finland Fiji Falkland Islands (Malvinas) France Faroe Islands Micronesia, Federated States of Gabon United Kingdom Georgia Guernsey Ghana Gibraltar Guinea Guadeloupe Gambia Guinea-Bissau Equatorial Guinea Greece Grenada Greenland Guatemala French Guiana Guam Guyana Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Heard Island and McDonald Islands Honduras Croatia Haiti Hungary Indonesia Isle of Man India British Indian Ocean Territory Ireland, Republic of Iran Iraq Iceland Israel Italy Jamaica Jersey Jordan Japan Kazakhstan Kenya Kyrgyzstan Cambodia Kiribati Saint Kitts and Nevis Korea, South Kuwait Laos Lebanon Liberia Libya Saint Lucia Liechtenstein Sri Lanka Lesotho Lithuania Luxembourg Latvia Macao Special Administrative Region Saint Martin (French part) Morocco Monaco Moldova Madagascar Maldives Marshall Islands Macedonia, Republic of Mali Malta Burma (Myanmar) Montenegro Mongolia Northern Mariana Islands Mozambique Mauritania Montserrat Martinique Mauritius Malawi Malaysia Mayotte Namibia New Caledonia Niger Norfolk Island Nigeria Nicaragua Niue Netherlands Norway Nepal Nauru New Zealand Oman Pakistan Panama Pitcairn Peru Philippines Palau Papua New Guinea Poland Puerto Rico Korea, North Portugal Paraguay West Bank and Gaza Strip (Palestine) French Polynesia Qatar Réunion Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saudi Arabia Sudan Senegal Singapore South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Saint Helena Svalbard and Jan Mayen Solomon Islands Sierra Leone El Salvador San Marino Somalia Saint Pierre and Miquelon Serbia Sao Tome and Principe Suriname Slovakia Slovenia Sweden Swaziland Sint Maarten (Dutch part) Seychelles Syria Turks and Caicos Islands Chad Togo Thailand Tajikistan Tokelau Turkmenistan Timor-Leste Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Tuvalu Taiwan Tanzania Uganda Ukraine United States Minor Outlying Islands Uruguay Uzbekistan Holy See (Vatican City State) Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Venezuela Virgin Islands, British Virgin Islands, United States Viet Nam Vanuatu Wallis and Futuna Samoa Kosovo Yemen South Africa, Republic of Zambia Zimbabwe

International transactions - purchases from outside Canada (imports)

5. During the reporting period of YYYY-MM-DD to YYYY-MM-DD, did this business make payments to suppliers outside Canada for the purchase of products, services, royalties, rights, licensing or franchise fees?

6. What were the payments made to suppliers outside Canada?

Payments made (CAN$ '000)

7. What was the percentage breakdown of payments made to suppliers outside Canada by goods, services and royalties?

This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
	Percentage
Goods
Services
Royalties, rights, licensing and franchise fees
Total percentage

8. What was the percentage breakdown of payments made to suppliers outside Canada by country?

What was the percentage breakdown of payments made to suppliers outside Canada by country?
	Percentage
a. United States
b. Mexico
c. Provide the percentage of revenue received from any other countries - top 4 clients only
c1. Other country 1 Begin entering the name of the other country by typing the first few letters to narrow down the choices or enter your own answer Specify other country 1:
c2. Other country 2 Begin entering the name of the other country by typing the first few letters to narrow down the choices or enter your own answer Specify other country 2:
c3. Other country 3 Begin entering the name of the other country by typing the first few letters to narrow down the choices or enter your own answer Specify other country 3:
c4. Other country 4 Begin entering the name of the other country by typing the first few letters to narrow down the choices or enter your own answer Specify other country 4:
Total percentage
List of countries Aruba Afghanistan Angola Anguilla Åland Islands Albania Andorra United Arab Emirates Argentina Armenia American Samoa Antarctica French Southern Territories Antigua and Barbuda Australia Austria Azerbaijan Burundi Belgium Benin Bonaire, Saint Eustatius and Saba Burkina Faso Bangladesh Bulgaria Bahrain Bahamas Bosnia and Herzegovina Saint Barthélemy Belarus Belize Bermuda Bolivia Brazil Barbados Brunei Darussalam Bhutan Bouvet Island Botswana Central African Republic Cocos (Keeling) Islands Switzerland Chile China Côte d'Ivoire Cameroon Congo, The Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Cook Islands Colombia Comoros Cape Verde Costa Rica Cuba Curaçao Christmas Island Cayman Islands Cyprus Czech Republic Germany Djibouti Dominica Denmark Dominican Republic Algeria Ecuador Egypt Eritrea Western Sahara Spain Estonia Ethiopia Finland Fiji Falkland Islands (Malvinas) France Faroe Islands Micronesia, Federated States of Gabon United Kingdom Georgia Guernsey Ghana Gibraltar Guinea Guadeloupe Gambia Guinea-Bissau Equatorial Guinea Greece Grenada Greenland Guatemala French Guiana Guam Guyana Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Heard Island and McDonald Islands Honduras Croatia Haiti Hungary Indonesia Isle of Man India British Indian Ocean Territory Ireland, Republic of Iran Iraq Iceland Israel Italy Jamaica Jersey Jordan Japan Kazakhstan Kenya Kyrgyzstan Cambodia Kiribati Saint Kitts and Nevis Korea, South Kuwait Laos Lebanon Liberia Libya Saint Lucia Liechtenstein Sri Lanka Lesotho Lithuania Luxembourg Latvia Macao Special Administrative Region Saint Martin (French part) Morocco Monaco Moldova Madagascar Maldives Marshall Islands Macedonia, Republic of Mali Malta Burma (Myanmar) Montenegro Mongolia Northern Mariana Islands Mozambique Mauritania Montserrat Martinique Mauritius Malawi Malaysia Mayotte Namibia New Caledonia Niger Norfolk Island Nigeria Nicaragua Niue Netherlands Norway Nepal Nauru New Zealand Oman Pakistan Panama Pitcairn Peru Philippines Palau Papua New Guinea Poland Puerto Rico Korea, North Portugal Paraguay West Bank and Gaza Strip (Palestine) French Polynesia Qatar Réunion Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saudi Arabia Sudan Senegal Singapore South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Saint Helena Svalbard and Jan Mayen Solomon Islands Sierra Leone El Salvador San Marino Somalia Saint Pierre and Miquelon Serbia Sao Tome and Principe Suriname Slovakia Slovenia Sweden Swaziland Sint Maarten (Dutch part) Seychelles Syria Turks and Caicos Islands Chad Togo Thailand Tajikistan Tokelau Turkmenistan Timor-Leste Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Tuvalu Taiwan Tanzania Uganda Ukraine United States Minor Outlying Islands Uruguay Uzbekistan Holy See (Vatican City State) Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Venezuela Virgin Islands, British Virgin Islands, United States Viet Nam Vanuatu Wallis and Futuna Samoa Kosovo Yemen South Africa, Republic of Zambia Zimbabwe

COVID-19

1. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, did this business experience in 2021 additional expenses to comply with public health and safety guidelines or corporate guidelines to be allowed to operate?

Additional expenses could include: purchases of cleaning supplies, sanitation measures, protective equipment for employees or customers and costs to retrofit business operations (e.g., Plexiglass barriers, new equipment that facilitates physical distancing, additional labour costs).
Public health and safety guidelines refer to guidelines from a federal, provincial or municipal health agency.

Yes

What were the total additional expenses in fiscal year 2021?
Report in thousands of dollars. For expenses less than $500, enter "0".
When precise figures are not available, please provide your best estimate.

Additional labour costs, if applicable (CAN$ '000)
$ ,000
Other additional expenses (CAN$ '000)
$ ,000

As a result of the additional expenses or business conditions, did this business delay plans to expand operating capacity or undertake investments?

Yes

2. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, in 2021 which of the following ways did this business change operating methods?

Include both temporary and ongoing changes.

Select all that apply.

Adopt or expand upon a contact-less business model (e.g., e-commerce sales, drive-through, delivery, curbside pickup, offer virtual services )
Retrofit the workspace
Invest in e-commerce platforms
Use business intelligence technologies (e.g., cloud-based computing systems and big data analytic tools)
Develop new supply chains
Ask some or all employees to work from home
Introduce or accelerate the introduction of new goods and services
Increase prices charged to customers of certain goods and services as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic
Decrease prices charged to customers of certain goods and services as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic
Change marketing strategy (Include re-allocating marketing budget)
Increase marketing budget
Decrease marketing budget
Expand to new markets
Substitute capital for labour (e.g., automation, robots for use in producing goods and services)
Provided extra staff training (e.g., job specific training, managerial training, training in new technology, training in new business practices, digital skills training, data literacy skills, other training and development)
Downsize business activities (e.g., reduce goods and services offered)
Reduce labour costs (e.g., lay off employees, furlough employees, request employees take vacation, reduce hours of employees, offer early retirement package, outsource work)
Reduce costs other than labour costs
Take other actions
Specify the additional actions taken
OR
No changes to operating methods in response to the COVID-19 pandemic

3. Due to COVID-19, did this business receive public financial relief to avoid layoffs through the Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy or Temporary 10% Wage Subsidy programs?

Yes
How much did your business obtain through these means?
Financial relief received (CAN$ '000)
$ ,000

Notification of intent to web scrape

1. Does this business have a website?

Yes
Specify the business website address
e.g., www.example.ca
No

Statistics Canada is piloting a web data extraction initiative, also known as web scraping, which uses software to search and compile publicly available data from business websites. As a result, we may visit the website for this business to search for, and compile, additional information. This initiative should allow us to reduce the reporting burden on businesses, as well as produce additional statistical indicators to ensure that our data remain accurate and relevant.

We will do our utmost to ensure the data are collected in a manner that will not affect the functionality of the website. Any data collected will be used by Statistics Canada for statistical and research purposes only, in accordance with the agency's mandate.

Please visit Statistics Canada's web scraping initiative page for more information.

Please visit Statistics Canada's transparency and accountability page to learn more.

If you have any questions or concerns, please contact Statistics Canada Client Services, toll-free at 1-877-949-9492 (TTY: 1-800-363-7629) or by email at infostats@canada.ca.

Changes or events

5. Indicate any changes or events that affected the reported values for this business or organization, compared with the last reporting period.

Select all that apply.

Strike or lock-out
Exchange rate impact
Price changes in goods or services sold
Contracting out
Organizational change
Price changes in labour or raw materials
Natural disaster
Recession
Change in product line
Sold business or business units
Expansion
New or lost contract
Plant closures
Acquisition of business or business units
Other - Specify the other changes or events:
No changes or events

Contact person

6. Statistics Canada may need to contact the person who completed this questionnaire for further information.

Is the provided given names and the provided family name the best person to contact?

Who is the best person to contact about this questionnaire?

First name:

Last name:

Title:

Email address:

Telephone number (including area code):

Extension number (if applicable):
The maximum number of characters is 5.

Fax number (including area code):

Feedback

7. How long did it take to complete this questionnaire?

Include the time spent gathering the necessary information.

Hours:

Minutes:

8. Do you have any comments about this questionnaire?

Why are we conducting this survey?

The statistical information from the IBSP serves many purposes, including:

calculating each province and territory's fair share of federal-provincial transfer payments for health, education and social programs
establishing government programs to assist businesses
assisting the business community in negotiating contracts and collective agreements
supporting the government in making informed decisions about fiscal, monetary and foreign exchange policies
indexing social benefit programs and determining tax brackets
enabling academics and economists to analyze the economic performance of Canadian industries and to better understand rapidly evolving business environments.

Your information may also be used by Statistics Canada for other statistical and research purposes.

Your participation in this survey is required under the authority of the Statistics Act.

Other important information

Authorization to collect this information

Data are collected under the authority of the Statistics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, Chapter S-19.

Confidentiality

Record linkages

To enhance the data from this survey and to reduce the reporting burden, Statistics Canada may combine the acquired data with information from other surveys or from administrative sources.

Data-sharing agreements

Section 12 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with federal, provincial or territorial government organizations.
Under Section 12, you may refuse to share your information with any of these organizations by writing a letter of objection to the Chief Statistician, specifying the organizations with which you do not want Statistics Canada to share your data and mailing it to the following address:

Chief Statistician of Canada
Statistics Canada
Attention of Director, Enterprise Statistics Division
150 Tunney's Pasture Driveway
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0T6

You may also contact us by email at statcan.esd-helpdesk-dse-bureaudedepannage.statcan@canada.ca or by fax at 613-951-6583.

For this survey, there are Section 12 agreements with the statistical agencies of Prince Edward Island, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut.

Business or organization and contact information

1. Verify or provide the business or organization's legal and operating name and correct where needed.

Note: Legal name modifications should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

Legal Name

The legal name is one recognized by law, thus it is the name liable for pursuit or for debts incurred by the business or organization. In the case of a corporation, it is the legal name as fixed by its charter or the statute by which the corporation was created.

Modifications to the legal name should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

Operating Name

The operating name is a name the business or organization is commonly known as if different from its legal name. The operating name is synonymous with trade name.

Legal name
Operating name (if applicable)

2. Verify or provide the contact information of the designated business or organization contact person for this questionnaire and correct where needed.

Note: The designated contact person is the person who should receive this questionnaire. The designated contact person may not always be the one who actually completes the questionnaire.

First name
Last name
Title
Preferred language of communication
- English
- French
Mailing address (number and street)
City
Province, territory or state
Postal code or ZIP code
Country
- Canada
- United States
Email address
Telephone number (including area code)
Extension number (if applicable)
The maximum number of characters is 10.
Fax number (including area code)

3. Verify or provide the current operational status of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

Operational
Not currently operational
Why is this business or organization not currently operational?
- Seasonal operations
  - When did this business or organization close for the season?
    - Date
  - When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
    - Date
- Ceased operations
  - When did this business or organization cease operations?
    - Date
  - Why did this business or organization cease operations?
    - Bankruptcy
    - Liquidation
    - Dissolution
    - Other - Specify the other reasons for ceased operations
- Sold operations
  - When was this business or organization sold?
    - Date
  - What is the legal name of the buyer?
- Amalgamated with other businesses or organizations
  - When did this business or organization amalgamate?
    - Date
  - What is the legal name of the resulting or continuing business or organization?
  - What are the legal names of the other amalgamated businesses or organizations?
- Temporarily inactive but will re-open
  - When did this business or organization become temporarily inactive?
    - Date
  - When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
    - Date
  - Why is this business or organization temporarily inactive?
- No longer operating due to other reasons
  - When did this business or organization cease operations?
    - Date
  - Why did this business or organization cease operations?

4. Verify or provide the current main activity of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

Note: The described activity was assigned using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

The following is the detailed description including any applicable examples or exclusions for the classification currently associated with this business or organization.

Description and examples

This is the current main activity
- Provide a brief but precise description of this business or organization's main activity
- e.g., breakfast cereal manufacturing, shoe store, software development
This is not the current main activity

Main activity

5. You indicated that is not the current main activity.

Was this business or organization's main activity ever classified as:?

Yes
- When did the main activity change?
- Date
No

6. Search and select the industry classification code that best corresponds to this business or organization's main activity.

Select this business or organization's activity sector (optional)

Farming or logging operation
Construction company or general contractor
Manufacturer
Wholesaler
Retailer
Provider of passenger or freight transportation
Provider of investment, savings or insurance products
Real estate agency, real estate brokerage or leasing company
Provider of professional, scientific or technical services
Provider of health care or social services
Restaurant, bar, hotel, motel or other lodging establishment
Other sector

7. You have indicated that the current main activity of this business or organization is:

Main activity

Are there any other activities that contribute significantly (at least 10%) to this business or organization's revenue?

Yes, there are other activities
- Provide a brief but precise description of this business or organization's secondary activity
- e.g., breakfast cereal manufacturing, shoe store, software development
No, that is the only significant activity

8. Approximately what percentage of this business or organization's revenue is generated by each of the following activities?

When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimates.

Approximately what percentage of this business or organization's revenue is generated by each of the following activities?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
	Percentage of revenue
Main activity
Secondary activity
All other activities
Total percentage

Reporting period information

1. What are the start and end dates of this business's or organization's most recently completed fiscal year?

For this survey, the end date should fall between April 1, 2021 and March 31, 2022.

Here are twelve common fiscal periods that fall within the targeted dates:

May 1, 2020 to April 30, 2021
June 1, 2020 to May 31, 2021
July 1, 2020 to June 30, 2021
August 1, 2020 to July 31, 2021
September 1, 2020 to August 31, 2021
October 1, 2020 to September 30, 2021
November 1, 2020 to October 31, 2021
December 1, 2020 to November 30, 2021
January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021
February 1, 2021 to January 31, 2022
March 1, 2021 to February 28, 2022
April 1, 2021 to March 31, 2022.

Here are other examples of fiscal periods that fall within the required dates:

September 18, 2020 to September 15, 2021 (e.g., floating year-end)
June 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021 (e.g., a newly opened business).

Fiscal year start date
Fiscal year-end date

2. What is the reason the reporting period does not cover a full year?

Select all that apply.

Seasonal operations
New business
Change of ownership
Temporarily inactive
Change of fiscal year
Ceased operations
Other
- Specify reason the reporting period does not cover a full year

Additional reporting instructions

1. Throughout this questionnaire, please report financial information in thousands of Canadian dollars.

For example, an amount of $763,880.25 should be reported as:
CAN$ ‘000

Revenue

1. For the reporting period of YYYY-MM-DD to YYYY-MM-DD, what was this business's revenue from each of the following sources?

Notes:

a detailed breakdown may be requested in other sections
these questions are asked of many different industries. Some questions may not apply to this business

Report dollar amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Revenue

a. Sales of goods and services (e.g., fees, commissions, services revenue)

Report net of returns and allowances.

Include:

sales from Canadian locations (domestic and export sales)
transfers to other business units or a head office of your firm.

Exclude:

transfers into inventory and consignment sales
federal, provincial and territorial sales taxes and excise duties and taxes
intercompany sales in consolidated financial statements.

b. Rental and leasing

Include: rental or leasing of apartments, commercial buildings, land, office space, residential housing, investments in co-tenancies and co-ownerships, hotel or motel rooms, long and short term vehicle leasing, machinery or equipment, storage lockers, etc.

c. Commissions

Include: commissions earned on the sale of products or services by businesses such as advertising agencies, brokers, insurance agents, lottery ticket sales, sales representatives and travel agencies - compensation could also be reported under this item (for example, compensation for collecting sales tax)

d. Subsidies (including grants, donations, fundraising and sponsorships)

Include:

non-repayable grants, contributions and subsidies from all levels of government
revenue from private sector (corporate and individual) sponsorships, donations and fundraising.

e. Royalties, rights, licensing and franchise fees

A royalty is defined as a payment received by the holder of a copyright, trademark or patent.

f. Dividends

Include:

dividend income
dividends from Canadian sources
dividends from foreign sources
patronage dividends.

Exclude equity income from investments in subsidiaries or affiliates.

g. Interest

Include:

investment revenue
interest from foreign sources
interest from Canadian bonds and debentures
interest from Canadian mortgage loans
interest from other Canadian sources.

Exclude equity income from investments in subsidiaries or affiliates.

h. Other revenue - please specify

Include amounts not included in questions a. to g.

Total revenue

The sum of sub-questions a. to h.

For the reporting period of YYYY-MM-DD to YYYY-MM-DD, what was this business's revenue from each of the following sources?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
	CAN$ '000
Sales of goods and services
Rental and leasing
Commissions
Subsidies
Royalties, rights, licensing and franchise fees
Dividends
Interest
Other
Total revenue

Expenses

1. For the reporting period of YYYY-MM-DD to YYYY-MM-DD, what were this business's expenses for the following items?

Notes:

a detailed breakdown may be requested in other sections
these questions are asked of many different industries. Some questions may not apply to this business

Report dollar amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Expenses

a. Cost of goods sold

Include:

cost of raw materials and/or goods purchased for resale - net of discounts earned on purchases
freight in and duty.

Exclude all costs associated with salaries, wages, benefits, commissions and subcontracts (report at Employment costs and expenses, and Subcontracts).

b. Employment costs and expenses

b1. Salaries, wages and commissions

Please report all salaries and wages (including taxable allowances and employment commissions as defined on the T4 - Statement of Remuneration Paid) before deductions for this reporting period.

Include:

vacation pay
bonuses (including profit sharing)
employee commissions
taxable allowances (e.g., room and board, vehicle allowances, gifts such as airline tickets for holidays)
severance pay.

Exclude all payments and expenses associated with casual labour and outside contract workers (report at Subcontracts).

b2. Employee benefits

Include contributions to:

health plans
insurance plans
employment insurance
pension plans
workers' compensation
association dues
contributions to any other employee benefits such as child care and supplementary unemployment benefit (SUB) plans
contributions to provincial and territorial health and education payroll taxes.

c. Subcontracts

Subcontract expense refers to the purchasing of services from outside of the company rather than providing them in-house.

Include:

hired casual labour and outside contract workers
custom work and contract work
subcontract and outside labour
hired labour.

d. Research and development fees

e. Professional and business fees

Include:

legal services
accounting and auditing fees
consulting fees
education and training fees
appraisal fees
management and administration fees
property management fees
information technology (IT) consulting and service fees (purchased)
architectural fees
engineering fees
scientific and technical service fees
other consulting fees (management, technical and scientific)
veterinary fees
fees for human health services
payroll preparation fees
all other professional and business service fees.

Exclude service fees paid to Head Office (report at All other costs and expenses).

f. Utilities

Utility expenses related to operating your business unit such as water, electricity, gas, heating and hydro.

Include:

diesel, fuel wood, natural gas, oil and propane
sewage.

Exclude:

energy expenses covered in your rental and leasing contracts
telephone, Internet and other telecommunications
vehicle fuel (report at All other costs and expenses).

g. Office and computer related expenses

Include:

office stationery and supplies, paper and other supplies for photocopiers, printers and fax machines
postage and courier (used in the day to day office business activity)
computer and peripherals upgrade expenses
data processing.

Exclude telephone, Internet and other telecommunication expenses (report at Telephone, Internet and other telecommunication).

h. Telephone, Internet and other telecommunication

Include:

internet
telephone and telecommunications
cellular telephone
fax machine
pager.

i. Business taxes, licenses and permits

Include:

property taxes paid directly and property transfer taxes
vehicle license fees
beverage taxes and business taxes
trade license fees
membership fees and professional license fees
provincial capital tax.

j. Royalties, franchise fees and memberships

Include:

amounts paid to holders of patents, copyrights, performing rights and trademarks
gross overriding royalty expenses and direct royalty costs
resident and non-resident royalty expenses
franchise fees.

Exclude Crown royalties

k. Crown charges

Federal or Provincial royalty, tax, lease or rental payments made in relation to the acquisition, development or ownership of Canadian resource properties.

Include:

Crown royalties
Crown leases and rentals
oil sand leases
stumpage fees.

l. Rental and leasing

Include:

lease rental expenses, real estate rental expenses, condominium fees and equipment rental expenses
motor vehicle rental and leasing expenses
studio lighting and scaffolding
machinery and equipment rental expenses
storage expenses
road and construction equipment rental
fuel and other utility costs covered in your rental and leasing contracts.

m. Repair and maintenance

Include:

buildings and structures
machinery and equipment
security equipment
vehicles
costs related to materials, parts and external labour associated with these expenses
janitorial and cleaning services and garbage removal.

n. Amortization and depreciation

Include:

direct cost depreciation of tangible assets and amortization of leasehold improvements
amortization of intangible assets (e.g., amortization of goodwill, patents, franchises, copyrights, trademarks, deferred charges, organizational costs).

o. Insurance

Insurance recovery income should be deducted from insurance expenses.

Include:

professional and other liability insurance
motor vehicle and property insurance
executive life insurance
bonding, business interruption insurance and fire insurance.

p. Advertising, marketing, promotion, meals and entertainment

Include:

newspaper advertising and media expenses
catalogues, presentations and displays
tickets for theatre, concerts and sporting events for business promotion
fundraising expenses
meals, entertainment and hospitality purchases for clients.

q. Travel, meetings and conventions

Include:

travel expenses
meeting and convention expenses, seminars
passenger transportation (e.g., airfare, bus, train)
accommodations
travel allowance and meals while travelling
other travel expenses.

r. Financial services

Include:

explicit service charges for financial services
credit and debit card commissions and charges
collection expenses and transfer fees
registrar and transfer agent fees
security and exchange commission fees
other financial service fees.

Exclude interest expenses (report at Interest expense).

s. Interest expense

Report the cost of servicing your company's debt.

Include:

interest
bank charges
finance charges
interest payments on capital leases
amortization of bond discounts
interest on short-term and long-term debt, mortgages, bonds and debentures.

t. Other non-production-related costs and expenses

Include:

charitable donations and political contributions
bad debt expense
loan losses
provisions for loan losses (minus bad debt recoveries)
inventory adjustments.

u. All other costs and expenses (including intracompany expenses)

Include:

production costs
pipeline operations, drilling, site restoration
gross overriding royalty
other producing property rentals
well operating, fuel and equipment
other lease rentals
other direct costs
equipment hire and operation
log yard expense, forestry costs, logging road costs
freight in and duty
overhead expenses allocated to cost of sales
other expenses
cash over/short (negative expense)
reimbursement of parent company expense
warranty expense
recruiting expenses
general and administrative expenses
interdivisional expenses
interfund transfer (minus expense recoveries)
exploration and development (including prospect/geological, well abandonment & dry holes, exploration expenses, development expenses)
amounts not included in sub-questions a. to t. above.

Total expenses

The sum of sub-questions a. to u.

For the reporting period of YYYY-MM-DD to YYYY-MM-DD, what were this business's expenses for the following items?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
	CAN$ '000
Cost of goods sold
Opening inventories
Purchases
Closing inventories
Cost of goods sold
Employment costs and expenses
Salaries, wages and commissions
Employee benefits
Subcontracts
Research and development fees
Professional and business fees
Utilities
Office and computer related expenses
Telephone, Internet and other telecommunication
Business taxes, licenses and permits
Royalties, franchise fees and memberships
Crown charges
Rental and leasing
Repair and maintenance
Amortization and depreciation
Insurance
Advertising, marketing, promotion, meals and entertainment
Travel, meetings and conventions
Financial services
Interest expense
Other non-production-related costs and expenses
Other
Total expenses

Industry characteristics

Please thoroughly read through question one and its sections prior to answering. Not all sections may apply to your company's line of business; only report the sales which pertain to your company's line of business.

1. What were this business's sales for each of the following goods and services?

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

What were this business's sales for each of the following goods and services?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
	CAN$ '000
Sound recording sales from masters owned or licensed
Digital downloads - albums
Digital downloads - singles
Compact discs
Other formats
Total sound recordings sales from masters owned or licensed
Streaming sales from masters owned or licensed
Subscription supported streaming
Advertising supported streaming
Other streaming
Total streaming sales from masters owned or licensed
Studio and live recording services for clients
Administration of copyrights for others
Concert revenues
Other sales
Total sales of goods and services

2. Of the $40,000 total sound recording sales and streaming sales reported in question 1 a. through g., what were the sales for Canadian artists?

Of the $40,000 total sound recording sales and streaming sales reported in question 1 a. through g., what were the sales for Canadian artists?

Sound recording and streaming sales for Canadian artists
$,000

3. Did this business earn any revenues from royalties or rights to use musical works or sound recordings?

Please thoroughly read through question four and its sections prior to answering. Not all sections may apply to your company's line of business; only report the sales which pertain to your company's line of business.

4. What were this business's revenues from royalties and rights?

Include royalties from foreign sources

Please report in thousands of Canadian dollars.

What were this business's revenues from royalties and rights?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
	CAN$ '000
Licensing rights and royalty revenues to use musical works
Performing rights
Public Performance
Radio
Online music services
Audiovisual (broadcast and online video)
Other
Total performing rights
Reproduction rights
Synchronization rights
Radio
Online music services
Physical sales
Digital download sales
Other
Total reproduction rights
Print licensing rights
Physical
Digital
Total print licensing rights
Other
Total licensing rights and royalty revenues to use musical works

Please thoroughly read through question five and its sections prior to answering. Not all sections may apply to your company's line of business; only report the sales which pertain to your company's line of business.

5. What were this business's revenues from royalties and rights?

Include royalties from foreign sources.

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

What were this business's revenues from royalties and rights?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
	CAN$ '000
Licensing rights and royalty revenues to use sound recordings
Performing rights
Radio
Public performance
Online music services
Other
Total performing rights
Reproduction and making available rights
Synchronization rights
Radio
Online music services
Physical sales
Digital download sales
Other
Total reproduction and making available rights
Other
Total licensing rights and royalty revenues to use sound recording

6. Of the total royalties and rights, what was the percentage of the following?

Percentage from domestic market
Percentage from foreign market

7. How many recordings have you commercially released by language of recording in 2021?

Please place albums with multiple languages in the language of the majority of tracks. Singles are sound recordings that have not been released on an album.

Exclude all music videos, recordings distributed for another organization, and finished products purchased for resale.

Note: Please report the number of recordings released in 2019 only, regardless of support.

How many recordings have you commercially released by language of recording in 2019?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
	Singles - number	Album - number
Canadian artists ─ number of recordings released in 2019
English
French
Other languages or instrumentals ─ no lyrics
Total number of recordings released in 2019 by Canadian artists
Other artists ─ number of recordings released in 2019
English
French
Other languages or instrumentals ─ no lyrics
Total number of recordings released in 2019 by other artists

Sales by type of client

1. What was this business's breakdown of sales by the following types of client?

Sales by type of client

This section is designed to measure which sector of the economy purchases your services.

Please provide a percentage breakdown of your sales by type of client.

Please ensure that the sum of percentages reported in this section equals 100%.

a. to c. Clients in Canada

a. Individuals and households

Please report the percentage of sales to individuals and households who do not represent the business or government sector.

b. Businesses

Percentage of sales sold to the business sector should be reported here.

Include sales to Crown corporations.

c. Governments, not-for-profit organizations and public institutions (e.g., hospitals, schools)

Percentage of sales to federal, provincial, territorial and municipal governments should be reported here.

Include: sales to hospitals, schools, universities and public utilities.

d. Clients outside Canada

Please report the percentage of total sales to customers or clients located outside Canada including foreign businesses, foreign individuals, foreign institutions and/or governments.

Include sales to foreign subsidiaries and affiliates.

What was this business's breakdown of sales by the following types of client?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
	Percentage
Clients in Canada — individuals and households
Clients in Canada — businesses
Clients in Canada — governments, not-for-profit organizations and public institutions
Clients outside of Canada
Total percentage

Sales by consumer location

1. What was the percentage breakdown of this business's sales by consumer location?

Consumer location is the location where the goods or services will ultimately be used.

If ultimate consumer location is not known, the following are acceptable substitutes:

shipping destination
client's billing address
location of this business's retail customers
location of this business's warehouses/distribution centres.

What was the percentage breakdown of this business's sales by consumer location?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
	Percentage
Newfoundland and Labrador
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Yukon
Northwest Territories
Nunavut
United States
All other countries
Total percentage

International transactions - Revenue received from exports

This section is intended to measure the value of international transactions on goods, services, royalties and licenses fees. It covers imported services and goods purchased outside Canada as well as the value of exported services and goods to clients/customers outside Canada. Please report also royalties, rights, licensing and franchise fees paid to and/or received from outside Canada. Services cover a variety of industrial, professional, trade and business services.

2. What was the revenue received from clients outside Canada?

Revenue received ( CAN$ '000 )

3. What was the percentage breakdown of revenue received from clients outside Canada by goods, services and royalties?

What was the percentage breakdown of revenue received from clients outside Canada by goods, services and royalties?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
	Percentage
Goods
Services
Royalties, rights, licensing and franchise fees
Total percentage

4. What was the percentage breakdown of revenue received from clients outside Canada by country?

What was the percentage breakdown of revenue received from clients outside Canada by country?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
	Percentage
United States
Mexico
Provide the percentage of revenue received from any other countries - top 4 clients only
Other
Other
Other
Other
Total percentage

International transactions - Purchases from outside Canada (Imports)

6. What were the payments made to suppliers outside Canada?

Payments made ( CAN$ '000 )

7. What was the percentage breakdown of payments made to suppliers outside Canada by goods, services and royalties?

What was the percentage breakdown of payments made to suppliers outside Canada by goods, services and royalties?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
	Percentage
Goods
Services
Royalties, rights, licensing and franchise fees
Total percentage

8. What was the percentage breakdown of payments made to suppliers outside Canada by country?

What was the percentage breakdown of payments made to suppliers outside Canada by country?
Table summary
This table contains no data. It is an example of an empty data table used by respondents to provide data to Statistics Canada.
	Percentage
United States
Mexico
Provide the percentage of payments made to any other countries - top 4 clients only
Other
Other
Other
Other
Total percentage

COVID-19

1. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, did this business experience additional expenses in 2021 to comply with public health and safety guidelines or corporate guidelines to be allowed to operate?

Public health and safety guidelines refer to guidelines from a federal, provincial or municipal health agency.

Yes

What were the total additional expenses in fiscal year 2021?

Report in thousands of dollars. For expenses less than $500, enter "0".

When precise figures are not available, please provide your best estimate.

Additional labour costs, if applicable (CAN$ '000)

$ ,000

Other additional expenses (CAN$ '000)

$ ,000

As a result of the additional expenses or business conditions, did this business delay plans to expand operating capacity or undertake investments?

Yes

2. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, in 2021 which of the following ways did this business change operating methods?

Include both temporary and ongoing changes.

Select all that apply.

Adopt or expand upon a contact-less business model

e.g., e-commerce sales, drive-through, delivery, curbside pickup, offer virtual services

Retrofit the workspace

Invest in e-commerce platforms

Use business intelligence technologies

e.g., cloud-based computing systems and big data analytic tools

Develop new supply chains

Ask some or all employees to work from home

Introduce or accelerate the introduction of new goods and services

Increase prices charged to customers of certain goods and services as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic

Decrease prices charged to customers of certain goods and services as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic

Change marketing strategy

Include re-allocating marketing budget.

Increase marketing budget

Decrease marketing budget

Expand to new markets

Substitute capital for labour

e.g., automation, robots for use in producing goods and services

Provided extra staff training

e.g., job specific training, managerial training, training in new technology, training in new business practices, digital skills training, data literacy skills, other training and development

Downsize business activities

e.g., reduce goods and services offered

Reduce labour costs

e.g., lay off employees, furlough employees, request employees take vacation, reduce hours of employees, offer early retirement package, outsource work

Reduce costs other than labour costs

Take other actions

Specify the additional actions taken

No changes to operating methods in response to the COVID-19 pandemic

3. Due to COVID-19, did this business receive public financial relief to avoid layoffs through the Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy or Temporary 10% Wage Subsidy programs?

Yes

How much did your business obtain through these means?

Financial relief received (CAN$ '000)

$ ,000

Notification of intent to web scrape

1. Does this business have a website?

Yes
Specify the business website address
e.g., www.example.ca
No

Changes or events

7. Indicate any changes or events that affected the reported values for this business or organization, compared with the last reporting period.

Select all that apply.

Strike or lock-out
Exchange rate impact
Price changes in goods or services sold
Contracting out
Organizational change
Price changes in labour or raw materials
Natural disaster
Recession
Change in product line
Sold business or business units
Expansion
New or lost contract
Plant closures
Acquisition of business or business units
Other
Specify the other changes or events:
No changes or events

Contact person

8. Statistics Canada may need to contact the person who completed this questionnaire for further information.

Is the provided given names and the provided family name the best person to contact?

Who is the best person to contact about this questionnaire?

First name:
Last name:
Title:
Email address:
Telephone number (including area code):
Extension number (if applicable):
The maximum number of characters is 5.
Fax number (including area code):

Feedback

9. How long did it take to complete this questionnaire?

Include the time spent gathering the necessary information.

Hours:
Minutes:

10. Do you have any comments about this questionnaire?

Why are we conducting this survey?

The statistical information from the IBSP serves many purposes, including:

calculating each province and territory's fair share of federal-provincial transfer payments for health, education and social programs
establishing government programs to assist businesses
assisting the business community in negotiating contracts and collective agreements
supporting the government in making informed decisions about fiscal, monetary and foreign exchange policies
indexing social benefit programs and determining tax brackets
enabling academics and economists to analyze the economic performance of Canadian industries and to better understand rapidly evolving business environments.

Your information may also be used by Statistics Canada for other statistical and research purposes.

Your participation in this survey is required under the authority of the Statistics Act.

Other important information

Authorization to collect this information

Data are collected under the authority of the Statistics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, Chapter S-19.

Confidentiality

Record linkages

To enhance the data from this survey and to reduce the reporting burden, Statistics Canada may combine the acquired data with information from other surveys or from administrative sources.

Data-sharing agreements

Section 12 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with federal, provincial or territorial government organizations.

Chief Statistician of Canada
Statistics Canada
Attention of Director, Enterprise Statistics Division
150 Tunney's Pasture Driveway
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0T6

You may also contact us by email at statcan.esd-helpdesk-dse-bureaudedepannage.statcan@canada.ca or by fax at 613-951-6583.

For this survey, there are Section 12 agreements with the statistical agencies of Prince Edward Island, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut.

Business or organization and contact information

1. Verify or provide the business or organization's legal and operating name and correct where needed.

Note: Legal name modifications should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

Legal Name

Modifications to the legal name should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

Operating Name

The operating name is a name the business or organization is commonly known as if different from its legal name. The operating name is synonymous with trade name.

Legal name
Operating name (if applicable)

2. Verify or provide the contact information of the designated business or organization contact person for this questionnaire and correct where needed.

Note: The designated contact person is the person who should receive this questionnaire. The designated contact person may not always be the one who actually completes the questionnaire.

First name
Last name
Title
Preferred language of communication
- English
- French
Mailing address (number and street)
City
Province, territory or state
Postal code or ZIP code
Country
- Canada
- United States
Email address
Telephone number (including area code)
Extension number (if applicable)
The maximum number of characters is 10.
Fax number (including area code)

3. Verify or provide the current operational status of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

Operational
Not currently operational
Why is this business or organization not currently operational?
- Seasonal operations
  - When did this business or organization close for the season?
    - Date
  - When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
    - Date
- Ceased operations
  - When did this business or organization cease operations?
    - Date
  - Why did this business or organization cease operations?
    - Bankruptcy
    - Liquidation
    - Dissolution
    - Other - Specify the other reasons for ceased operations
- Sold operations
  - When was this business or organization sold?
    - Date
  - What is the legal name of the buyer?
- Amalgamated with other businesses or organizations
  - When did this business or organization amalgamate?
    - Date
  - What is the legal name of the resulting or continuing business or organization?
  - What are the legal names of the other amalgamated businesses or organizations?
- Temporarily inactive but will re-open
  - When did this business or organization become temporarily inactive?
    - Date
  - When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
    - Date
  - Why is this business or organization temporarily inactive?
- No longer operating due to other reasons
  - When did this business or organization cease operations?
    - Date
  - Why did this business or organization cease operations?

4. Verify or provide the current main activity of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

Note: The described activity was assigned using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

The following is the detailed description including any applicable examples or exclusions for the classification currently associated with this business or organization.

Description and examples

This is the current main activity
- Provide a brief but precise description of this business or organization's main activity
- e.g., breakfast cereal manufacturing, shoe store, software development
This is not the current main activity

Main activity

5. You indicated that is not the current main activity.

Was this business or organization's main activity ever classified as: ?

Yes
- When did the main activity change?
- Date
No

6. Search and select the industry classification code that best corresponds to this business or organization's main activity.

Select this business or organization's activity sector (optional)

Farming or logging operation
Construction company or general contractor
Manufacturer
Wholesaler
Retailer
Provider of passenger or freight transportation
Provider of investment, savings or insurance products
Real estate agency, real estate brokerage or leasing company
Provider of professional, scientific or technical services
Provider of health care or social services
Restaurant, bar, hotel, motel or other lodging establishment
Other sector

7. You have indicated that the current main activity of this business or organization is:

Main activity

Are there any other activities that contribute significantly (at least 10%) to this business or organization's revenue?

Yes, there are other activities
- Provide a brief but precise description of this business or organization's secondary activity
- e.g., breakfast cereal manufacturing, shoe store, software development
No, that is the only significant activity

8. Approximately what percentage of this business or organization's revenue is generated by each of the following activities?

When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimates.

Approximately what percentage of this business or organization's revenue is generated by each of the following activities?
	Percentage of revenue
Main activity
Secondary activity
All other activities
Total percentage

Reporting period information

1. What are the start and end dates of this business's or organization's most recently completed fiscal year?

For this survey, the end date should fall between April 1, 2021 and March 31, 2022.

Here are twelve common fiscal periods that fall within the targeted dates:

May 1, 2020 to April 30, 2021
June 1, 2020 to May 31, 2021
July 1, 2020 to June 30, 2021
August 1, 2020 to July 31, 2021
September 1, 2020 to August 31, 2021
October 1, 2020 to September 30, 2021
November 1, 2020 to October 31, 2021
December 1, 2020 to November 30, 2021
January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021
February 1, 2021 to January 31, 2022
March 1, 2021 to February 28, 2022
April 1, 2021 to March 31, 2022.

Here are other examples of fiscal periods that fall within the required dates:

September 18, 2020 to September 15, 2021 (e.g., floating year-end)
June 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021 (e.g., a newly opened business).

Fiscal year start date
Fiscal year-end date

2. What is the reason the reporting period does not cover a full year?

Select all that apply.

Seasonal operations
New business
Change of ownership
Temporarily inactive
Change of fiscal year
Ceased operations
Other
- Specify reason the reporting period does not cover a full year

Additional reporting instructions

1. Throughout this questionnaire, please report financial information in thousands of Canadian dollars.

For example, an amount of $763,880.25 should be reported as:

CAN$ '000

I will report in the format above

Revenue

1. For the reporting period of YYYY-MM-DD to YYYY-MM-DD, what was this business's revenue from each of the following sources?

Notes:

a detailed breakdown may be requested in other sections
these questions are asked of many different industries. Some questions may not apply to this business
- Report dollar amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

a. Sales of goods and services (e.g., fees, commissions, services revenue)

Report net of returns and allowances.

Include:

sales from Canadian locations (domestic and export sales)
transfers to other business units or a head office of your firm.

Exclude:

transfers into inventory and consignment sales
federal, provincial and territorial sales taxes and excise duties and taxes
intercompany sales in consolidated financial statements.

b. Rental and leasing

c. Commissions

d. Subsidies (including grants, donations, fundraising and sponsorships)

Include:

non-repayable grants, contributions and subsidies from all levels of government
revenue from private sector (corporate and individual) sponsorships, donations and fundraising.

e. Royalties, rights, licensing and franchise fees

A royalty is defined as a payment received by the holder of a copyright, trademark or patent.

f. Dividends

Include:

dividend income
dividends from Canadian sources
dividends from foreign sources
patronage dividends.

Exclude equity income from investments in subsidiaries or affiliates.

g. Interest

Include:

investment revenue
interest from foreign sources
interest from Canadian bonds and debentures
interest from Canadian mortgage loans
interest from other Canadian sources.

Exclude equity income from investments in subsidiaries or affiliates.

h. All other revenue (Include intracompany transfers)

Include amounts not included in questions a. to g.

Total revenue

The sum of sub-questions a. to h.

For the reporting period of YYYY-MM-DD to YYYY-MM-DD, what was this business's revenue from each of the following sources?
	CAN$ '000
a. Sales of goods and services
b. Rental and leasing
c. Commissions
d. Subsidies
e. Royalties, rights, licensing and franchise fees
f. Dividends
g. Interest
h. Other
Total revenue

E-commerce

The following questions are about e-commerce activities.

E-commerce revenue: Sales of goods and services conducted over the Internet with or without online payment.

Exclude orders made by telephone, facsimile or email.

Sales from automated kiosks located within the business's establishments are excluded from E-commerce sales.

1. For the reporting period of YYYY-MM-DD to YYYY-MM-DD, what was this business's total revenue?

Include:

sales of goods and services
rental, leasing and property management
commissions
subsidies, grants, donations, fundraising and sponsorships
royalties
rights
licensing and franchise fees
dividends, interest and other revenue.

Report dollar amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Total revenue in CAN$ '000

2. For the reporting period of YYYY-MM-DD to YYYY-MM-DD, did this business have any e-commerce revenue?

E-commerce revenue: Sales of goods and services conducted over the Internet with or without online payment.

Exclude orders made by telephone, facsimile or email.

3. Of the $ [amount] reported in total revenue, what was the total e-commerce revenue?

When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimates.

Report dollar amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Total e-commerce revenue in CAN$ '000

4. For the reporting period of YYYY-MM-DD to YYYY-MM-DD, did this business make sales over the Internet through any of the following methods?

Select all that apply.

Mobile app

Include sales through any app, or application, that is downloaded and designed to run on a handheld device such as a smartphone or tablet (for example, places where a user may download these apps, including Apple's App Store, Google Play or Blackberry App World).

Company website Include sales through a browser-based website where your organization maintains control of the content.

Third-party website Include sales through a browser-based website where a third-party maintains the structure of the website and control of the look and feel while your company only provides the product to be sold (for example, Amazon, Expedia or Etsy).

Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)

A standard format for exchanging business data. EDI is based on the use of message standards, ensuring that all participants use a common language.

Via a mobile app
Via your company website
Via a third-party website
Via Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
Other
- Specify the other methods

5. Does this business have any full-time staff dedicated solely to activities related to e-commerce?

6. Why did this business not make sales over the Internet?

Select all that apply.

Goods and services do not lend themselves to online sales
Prefer to maintain current business model
Lack of skilled workers to implement and maintain e-commerce infrastructure
Cost of development is too high
Security concerns
Other
- Specify the other reasons

Expenses

1. For the reporting period of YYYY-MM-DD to YYYY-MM-DD, what were this business's expenses for the following items?

Notes:

a detailed breakdown may be requested in other sections
these questions are asked of many different industries. Some questions may not apply to this business
- Report dollar amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Expenses

a. Cost of goods sold

Include:

cost of raw materials and/or goods purchased for resale - net of discounts earned on purchases
freight in and duty.

Exclude all costs associated with salaries, wages, benefits, commissions and subcontracts (report at Employment costs and expenses, and Subcontracts).

b. Employment costs and expenses

b1. Salaries, wages and commissions

Please report all salaries and wages (including taxable allowances and employment commissions as defined on the T4 - Statement of Remuneration Paid) before deductions for this reporting period.

Include:

vacation pay
bonuses (including profit sharing)
employee commissions
taxable allowances (e.g., room and board, vehicle allowances, gifts such as airline tickets for holidays)
severance pay.

Exclude all payments and expenses associated with casual labour and outside contract workers (report at Subcontracts).

b2. Employee benefits

Include contributions to:

health plans
insurance plans
employment insurance
pension plans
workers' compensation
association dues
contributions to any other employee benefits such as child care and supplementary unemployment benefit (SUB) plans
contributions to provincial and territorial health and education payroll taxes.

c. Subcontracts

Subcontract expense refers to the purchasing of services from outside of the company rather than providing them in-house.

Include:

hired casual labour and outside contract workers
custom work and contract work
subcontract and outside labour
hired labour.

d. Research and development fees

e. Professional and business fees

Include:

legal services
accounting and auditing fees
consulting fees
education and training fees
appraisal fees
management and administration fees
property management fees
information technology (IT) consulting and service fees (purchased)
architectural fees
engineering fees
scientific and technical service fees
other consulting fees (management, technical and scientific)
veterinary fees
fees for human health services
payroll preparation fees
all other professional and business service fees.

Exclude service fees paid to Head Office (report at All other costs and expenses).

f. Utilities

Utility expenses related to operating your business unit such as water, electricity, gas and heating.

Include:

diesel, fuel wood, natural gas, oil and propane
sewage.

Exclude:

energy expenses covered in your rental and leasing contracts
telephone, Internet and other telecommunications
vehicle fuel (report at All other costs and expenses).

g. Office and computer related expenses

Include:

office stationery and supplies, paper and other supplies for photocopiers, printers and fax machines
postage and courier (used in the day to day office business activity)
computer and peripherals upgrade expenses
data processing.

Exclude telephone, Internet and other telecommunication expenses (report at Telephone, Internet and other telecommunication).

h. Telephone, Internet and other telecommunication

Include:

internet
telephone and telecommunications
cellular telephone
fax machine
pager.

i. Business taxes, licenses and permits

Include:

property taxes paid directly and property transfer taxes
vehicle license fees
beverage taxes and business taxes
trade license fees
membership fees and professional license fees
provincial capital tax.

j. Royalties, franchise fees and memberships

Include:

amounts paid to holders of patents, copyrights, performing rights and trademarks
gross overriding royalty expenses and direct royalty costs
resident and non-resident royalty expenses
franchise fees.

Exclude Crown royalties

k. Crown charges

Federal or Provincial royalty, tax, lease or rental payments made in relation to the acquisition, development or ownership of Canadian resource properties.

Include:

Crown royalties
Crown leases and rentals
oil sand leases
stumpage fees.

l. Rental and leasing

Include:

lease rental expenses, real estate rental expenses, condominium fees and equipment rental expenses
motor vehicle rental and leasing expenses
studio lighting and scaffolding
machinery and equipment rental expenses
storage expenses
road and construction equipment rental
fuel and other utility costs covered in your rental and leasing contracts.

m. Repair and maintenance

Include:

buildings and structures
machinery and equipment
security equipment
vehicles
costs related to materials, parts and external labour associated with these expenses
janitorial and cleaning services and garbage removal.

n. Amortization and depreciation

Include:

direct cost depreciation of tangible assets and amortization of leasehold improvements
amortization of intangible assets (e.g., amortization of goodwill, patents, franchises, copyrights, trademarks, deferred charges, organizational costs).

o. Insurance

Insurance recovery income should be deducted from insurance expenses.

Include:

professional and other liability insurance
motor vehicle and property insurance
executive life insurance
bonding, business interruption insurance and fire insurance.

p. Advertising, marketing, promotion, meals and entertainment

Include:

newspaper advertising and media expenses
catalogues, presentations and displays
tickets for theatre, concerts and sporting events for business promotion
fundraising expenses
meals, entertainment and hospitality purchases for clients.

q. Travel, meetings and conventions

Include:

travel expenses
meeting and convention expenses, seminars
passenger transportation (e.g., airfare, bus, train)
accommodations
travel allowance and meals while travelling
other travel expenses.

r. Financial services

Include:

explicit service charges for financial services
credit and debit card commissions and charges
collection expenses and transfer fees
registrar and transfer agent fees
security and exchange commission fees
other financial service fees.

Exclude interest expenses (report at Interest expense).

s. Interest expense

Report the cost of servicing your company's debt.

Include:

interest
bank charges
finance charges
interest payments on capital leases
amortization of bond discounts
interest on short-term and long-term debt, mortgages, bonds and debentures.

t. Other non-production-related costs and expenses

Include:

charitable donations and political contributions
bad debt expense
loan losses
provisions for loan losses (minus bad debt recoveries)
inventory adjustments.

u. All other costs and expenses (including intracompany expenses)

Include:

production costs
pipeline operations, drilling, site restoration
gross overriding royalty
other producing property rentals
well operating, fuel and equipment
other lease rentals
other direct costs
equipment hire and operation
log yard expense, forestry costs, logging road costs
freight in and duty
overhead expenses allocated to cost of sales
other expenses
cash over/short (negative expense)
reimbursement of parent company expense
warranty expense
recruiting expenses
general and administrative expenses
interdivisional expenses
interfund transfer (minus expense recoveries)
exploration and development (including prospect/geological, well abandonment and dry holes, exploration expenses, development expenses)
amounts not included in sub-questions a. to t. above.

Total expenses

The sum of sub-questions a. to u.

For the reporting period of YYYY-MM-DD to YYYY-MM-DD, what were this business's expenses for the following items?
	CAN$ '000
a. Cost of goods sold
Opening inventories
Purchases
Closing inventories
Cost of goods sold
b. Employment costs and expenses
Salaries, wages and commissions
Employee benefits
c. Subcontracts
d. Research and development fees
e. Professional and business fees
f. Utilities
g. Office and computer related expenses
h. Telephone, Internet and other telecommunication
o. Business taxes, licenses and permits
j. Royalties, franchise fees and memberships
k. Crown charges
l. Rental and leasing
m. Repair and maintenance
n. Amortization and depreciation
o. Insurance
p. Advertising, marketing, promotion, meals and entertainment
q. Travel, meetings and conventions
r. Financial services
s. Interest expense
t. Other non-production-related costs and expenses
u. All other costs and expenses
Total expenses

Industry characteristics

1. What were this business's sales for each of the following goods and services?

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Note: If a breakdown cannot be provided for questions a1. and a2. (geophysical data acquisition, processing and interpreting geophysical data), please report the combined amount at question a3., Integrated geophysical services.

a. Geophysical surveying and mapping services If a breakdown cannot be provided for questions a1. and a2. (geophysical data acquisition, processing and interpreting geophysical data), please report the combined amount at question a3., Integrated geophysical services.

a1. Geophysical data acquisition by seismic or non-seismic methods

The collection of geophysical data by seismic or non-seismic methods for the purpose of characterizing subsurface conditions.

Exclude the collection of borehole geophysical data.

a2. Processing and interpreting geophysical data acquired by seismic or non-seismic methods

The processing of geophysical data in order to facilitate interpretation. The service may include reprocessing data or the integration of other sets of data collected by the same method. Interpretation involves the analysis of geophysical data acquired by seismic or non-seismic methods that are processed to generate models and predictions about the properties and structures of the subsurface. May include integration of geophysical data collected by other methods, or additional data including non-geophysical data.

Exclude processing and analysis of borehole geophysical data.

a3. Integrated geophysical services

Services which include two or more phases (collection, processing and analysis) of the process used to carry out geophysical surveys.

a4. Geophysical borehole logging surveys

Services which include two or more phases (collection, processing and analysis) of the process used to carry out geophysical surveys.

Include borehole geophysical surveys.

a5. Geophysical data sales

The sale of geophysical data and the brokerage of data. May include data that are available on a licence basis.

b. Non-geophysical surveying and mapping services

Geospatial photo and image acquisition and processing, and geospatial data interpretation.

b1. Geospatial airborne and spaceborne photo and image acquisition

Information about the earth's surface acquired from aircraft or spaceborne platforms, in which aerial cameras, radar, infra-red detectors, GPS receivers or other equipment aboard are the primary means of data collection. Products may be geospatially referenced, and in the case of aerial photography, there may have been additional processing.

b2. Geospatial photo and image processing (e.g., orthophoto and image processing, elevation and terrain modeling, aerotriangulation, photomosaics and photogrammetric mosaics)

orthophoto and image processing is the processing of aerial photographs or satellite imagery to remove distortions due to tilt, terrain relief and perspective. The result is an orthorectified photo or image
elevation and terrain modeling is the production of models describing the elevation of the earth's surface over a defined area. The models may take the form of a data array, a randomly distributed set of points, or an image produced using the digital elevation data. The elevations may have been corrected for the height of trees, vegetation, and buildings. The result is either a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) or a Digital Terrain Model (DTM)
aerotriangulation is the determination of horizontal or vertical co-ordinates of points on the ground from precise measurements on a photograph or image to create a control network sufficiently dense to provide a positionally accurate framework
photomosaics is the process by which individual photographs obtained directly from the negative are combined to form a photographic image of a larger area. This process is intended to lead to less distortion of scale by making adjustments and cuts of the original photographs. These are not rectified photographs
photogrammetric mosaics is the process for combining rectified aerial photographs so that the borders coincide and form a continuous photographic representation of part of the earth's surface
photogrammetric restitution is the process of converting information obtained from aerial photographs or satellite imagery into conventional symbols.

b3. Geospatial data interpretation

Analysis of the nature of objects whose images appear on a photograph or other imagery and the description of those objects; the characterization of the earth's surface, natural or man-made features covering the earth's surface.

c. Other non-geophysical surveying and mapping services

c1. Topographic and planimetric surveying and mapping services

Surveying for the purpose of determining the shape (relief) of the surface of the land or the location of natural and man-made features on the surface and the preparation or revision of a map indicating the elevation of the surface (relative to a datum point) and slope.

c2. Hydrographic and bathymetric surveying and mapping services

Surveying for the purpose of determining the geometric and dynamic characteristics of bodies of water, including:

the depth, temperature, or salinity of water
the configuration of the bottom
the velocities of currents
the heights and times of tides and water stages
the location of fixed objects used in navigation
the preparation or revision of maps showing this information.

c3. Boundary, property line and cadastral surveying and mapping services

Surveying for the purpose of establishing or re-establishing a boundary or property line on the ground, or for preparation of a map or plan showing a boundary or property line(s), including surveying for legal or cadastral purposes.

c4. Subdivision layout and design

Dividing a piece of land into smaller pieces such as:

lots, streets, and rights of way
marking or monumenting all necessary corners or dividing lines
preparing maps or plans showing all information regarding adjoining land affecting the boundaries
may include layout of roadway, and storm water/sanitary systems.

c5. Construction surveying

Surveying prior to and during construction to control elevation, horizontal location and dimensions, and configuration; to determine if the construction was adequately completed; and to obtain dimensions essential for calculating quantities used in paying for construction.

c6. Geodetic surveying and ground control support

Surveying for the purpose of determining the precise horizontal or vertical position of points or monumented locations to provide a reference framework for further surveys.

Include ground control support.

c7. Thematic and orthophoto mapping and aeronautical and nautical charting

thematic mapping is the preparation and revision of specialized map and data products designed to portray specific data themes such as natural resource, demographic, economic, biological, etc.
orthophoto mapping is the preparation and revision of orthophoto maps
aeronautical charting is the preparation and revision of charts designed primarily for use in aeronautical navigation. The aeronautical chart provides important information about flight paths, airport approaches and facilities, as well as landmark features
nautical charting is the preparation and revision of charts designed primarily for use in nautical navigation. Features usually shown are: bathymetric contours, navigational hazards, aids to navigation, port facilities, water depths and type of shoreline.

d. Geographic information system (GIS) development and customization

Design, development, modification and customization of a geospatially-referenced information system.

e. Other sales

Include:

geophysical software and equipment
geographic information system (GIS) software
satellite images
maps
geophysical data management services
geospatial data conversion and digitizing services
consulting services
expert witness services
training.

What were this business's sales for each of the following goods and services?
	CAN$ '000
Geophysical surveying and mapping services
Geophysical data acquisition by seismic or non-seismic methods
Processing and interpreting geophysical data
Integrated geophysical services
Geophysical borehole logging surveys
Geophysical data sales
Non-geophysical surveying and mapping services
Geospatial airborne and spaceborne photo and image acquisition
Geospatial photo and image processing
Geospatial data interpretation
Other non-geophysical surveying and mapping services
Topographic and planimetric surveying and mapping services
Hydrographic and bathymetric surveying and mapping services
Boundary, property line and cadastral surveying and mapping services
Subdivision layout and design
Construction surveying
Geodetic surveying and ground control support
Thematic and orthophoto mapping and aeronautical and nautical charting
Geographic information system (GIS) development and customization
Other
Total sales of goods and services

Sales by type of client

1. What was this business's breakdown of sales by the following types of client?

Sales by type of client

This section is designed to measure which sector of the economy purchases your services.

Please provide a percentage breakdown of your sales by type of client.

Please ensure that the sum of percentages reported in this section equals 100%.

a. to c. Clients in Canada

a. Individuals and households

Please report the percentage of sales to individuals and households who do not represent the business or government sector.

b. Businesses

Percentage of sales sold to the business sector should be reported here.

Include sales to Crown corporations.

c. Governments, not-for-profit organizations and public institutions (e.g., hospitals, schools)

Percentage of sales to federal, provincial, territorial and municipal governments should be reported here.

Include: sales to hospitals, schools, universities and public utilities.

d. Clients outside Canada

Please report the percentage of total sales to customers or clients located outside Canada including foreign businesses, foreign individuals, foreign institutions and/or governments.

Include sales to foreign subsidiaries and affiliates.

What was this business's breakdown of sales by the following types of client?
	Percentage
Clients in Canada — individuals and households
Clients in Canada — businesses
Clients in Canada — governments, not-for-profit organizations and public institutions
Clients outside Canada
Total percentage

Sales by consumer location

1. What was the percentage breakdown of this business's sales by consumer location?

Consumer location is the location where the goods or services will ultimately be used.

If ultimate consumer location is not known, the following are acceptable substitutes:

shipping destination
client's billing address
location of this business's retail customers
location of this business's warehouse/distribution centres.

What was the percentage breakdown of this business's sales by consumer location?
	Percentage
Newfoundland and Labrador
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Yukon
Northwest Territories
Nunavut
United States
All other countries
Total percentage

International transactions - revenue received from exports

2. What was the revenue received from clients outside Canada?

Revenue received (CAN$ '000)

3. What was the percentage breakdown of revenue received from clients outside Canada by goods, services and royalties?

What was the percentage breakdown of revenue received from clients outside Canada by goods, services and royalties?
	Percentage
Goods
Services
Royalties, rights, licensing and franchise fees
Total percentage

4. What was the percentage breakdown of revenue received from clients outside Canada by country?

What was the percentage breakdown of revenue received from clients outside Canada by country?
	Percentage
United States
Mexico
Provide the percentage of revenue received from any other countries - top 4 clients only
Other country 1
Other country 2
Other country 3
Other country 4
Total percentage

International transactions - purchases from outside Canada (imports)

6. What were the payments made to suppliers outside Canada?

Payments made (CAN$ '000)

7. What was the percentage breakdown of payments made to suppliers outside Canada by goods, services and royalties?

What was the percentage breakdown of payments made to suppliers outside Canada by goods, services and royalties?
	Percentage
Goods
Services
Royalties, rights, licensing and franchise fees
Total percentage

8. What was the percentage breakdown of payments made to suppliers outside Canada by country?

What was the percentage breakdown of payments made to suppliers outside Canada by country?
	Percentage
United States
Mexico
Provide the percentage of payments made to any other countries - top 4 suppliers only
Other country 1
Other country 2
Other country 3
Other country 4
Total percentage

COVID-19

Public health and safety guidelines refer to guidelines from a federal, provincial or municipal health agency.

Yes

What were the total additional expenses in fiscal year 2021?

Report in thousands of dollars. For expenses less than $500, enter "0".

When precise figures are not available, please provide your best estimate.

Additional labour costs, if applicable (CAN$ '000)

$ ,000

Other additional expenses (CAN$ '000)

$ ,000

As a result of the additional expenses or business conditions, did this business delay plans to expand operating capacity or undertake investments?

Yes

2. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, in 2021 which of the following ways did this business change operating methods?

Include both temporary and ongoing changes.

Select all that apply.

Adopt or expand upon a contact-less business model

e.g., e-commerce sales, drive-through, delivery, curbside pickup, offer virtual services

Retrofit the workspace

Invest in e-commerce platforms

Use business intelligence technologies

e.g., cloud-based computing systems and big data analytic tools

Develop new supply chains

Ask some or all employees to work from home

Introduce or accelerate the introduction of new goods and services

Increase prices charged to customers of certain goods and services as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic

Decrease prices charged to customers of certain goods and services as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic

Change marketing strategy

Include re-allocating marketing budget.

Increase marketing budget

Decrease marketing budget

Expand to new markets

Substitute capital for labour

e.g., automation, robots for use in producing goods and services

Provided extra staff training

e.g., job specific training, managerial training, training in new technology, training in new business practices, digital skills training, data literacy skills, other training and development

Downsize business activities

e.g., reduce goods and services offered

Reduce labour costs

e.g., lay off employees, furlough employees, request employees take vacation, reduce hours of employees, offer early retirement package, outsource work

Reduce costs other than labour costs

Take other actions

Specify the additional actions taken

No changes to operating methods in response to the COVID-19 pandemic

3. Due to COVID-19, did this business receive public financial relief to avoid layoffs through the Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy or Temporary 10% Wage Subsidy programs?

Yes

How much did your business obtain through these means?

Financial relief received (CAN$ '000)

$ ,000

Notification of intent to web scrape

1. Does this business have a website?

Yes
Specify the business website address
e.g., www.example.ca
No

Please visit Statistics Canada's web scraping initiative page- this link will open in a new window for more information.

Please visit Statistics Canada's transparency and accountability page- this link will open in a new window to learn more.

If you have any questions or concerns, please contact Statistics Canada Client Services, toll-free at 1-877-949-9492 (TTY: 1-800-363-7629) or by email at infostats@canada.ca - this link will open in a new window. Additional information about this survey can be found by selecting the following link:

Changes or events

1. Indicate any changes or events that affected the reported values for this business or organization, compared with the last reporting period.

Select all that apply.

Strike or lock-out
Exchange rate impact
Price changes in goods or services sold
Contracting out
Organizational change
Price changes in labour or raw materials
Natural disaster
Recession
Change in product line
Sold business or business units
Expansion
New or lost contract
Plant closures
Acquisition of business or business units
Other
- Specify the other changes or events:
No changes or events

Contact person

2. Statistics Canada may need to contact the person who completed this questionnaire for further information.

Is the provided given names and the provided family name the best person to contact?

Who is the best person to contact about this questionnaire?

First name:
Last name:
Title:
Email address:
Telephone number (including area code):
Extension number (if applicable):
The maximum number of characters is 5.
Fax number (including area code):

Feedback

3. How long did it take to complete this questionnaire?

Include the time spent gathering the necessary information.

Hours:
Minutes:

4. Do you have any comments about this questionnaire?

Why are we conducting this survey?

The statistical information from the IBSP serves many purposes, including:

calculating each province and territory's fair share of federal-provincial transfer payments for health, education and social programs
establishing government programs to assist businesses
assisting the business community in negotiating contracts and collective agreements
supporting the government in making informed decisions about fiscal, monetary and foreign exchange policies
indexing social benefit programs and determining tax brackets
enabling academics and economists to analyze the economic performance of Canadian industries and to better understand rapidly evolving business environments.

Your information may also be used by Statistics Canada for other statistical and research purposes.

Your participation in this survey is required under the authority of the Statistics Act.

Other important information

Authorization to collect this information

Data are collected under the authority of the Statistics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, Chapter S-19.

Confidentiality

Record linkages

To enhance the data from this survey and to reduce the reporting burden, Statistics Canada may combine the acquired data with information from other surveys or from administrative sources.

Data-sharing agreements

Section 12 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with federal, provincial or territorial government organizations.

Chief Statistician of Canada
Statistics Canada
Attention of Director, Enterprise Statistics Division
150 Tunney's Pasture Driveway
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0T6

You may also contact us by email at statcan.esd-helpdesk-dse-bureaudedepannage.statcan@canada.ca or by fax at 613-951-6583.

For this survey, there are Section 12 agreements with the statistical agencies of Prince Edward Island, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut.

Business or organization and contact information

1. Verify or provide the business or organization's legal and operating name and correct where needed.

Note: Legal name modifications should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

Legal Name

Modifications to the legal name should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

Operating Name

The operating name is a name the business or organization is commonly known as if different from its legal name. The operating name is synonymous with trade name.

Legal name

Operating name (if applicable)

2. Verify or provide the contact information of the designated business or organization contact person for this questionnaire and correct where needed.

Note: The designated contact person is the person who should receive this questionnaire. The designated contact person may not always be the one who actually completes the questionnaire.

First name
Last name
Title
Preferred language of communication
- English
- French
Mailing address (number and street)
City
Province, territory or state
Postal code or ZIP code
Country
- Canada
- United States
Email address
Telephone number (including area code)
Extension number (if applicable)
The maximum number of characters is 10.
Fax number (including area code)

3. Verify or provide the current operational status of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

Operational
Not currently operational
- Why is this business or organization not currently operational?
  - Seasonal operations
  - Ceased operations
  - Sold operations
  - Amalgamated with other businesses or organizations
  - Temporarily inactive but will re-open
  - No longer operating due to other reasons
- When did this business or organization close for the season?
  - Date
- When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
  - Date
- When did this business or organization cease operations?
  - Date
- Why did this business or organization cease operations?
  - Bankruptcy
  - Liquidation
  - Dissolution
  - Other
- Specify the other reasons why the operations ceased
- When was this business or organization sold?
  - Date
- What is the legal name of the buyer?
- When did this business or organization amalgamate?
  - Date
- What is the legal name of the resulting or continuing business or organization?
- What are the legal names of the other amalgamated businesses or organizations?
- When did this business or organization become temporarily inactive?
  - Date
- When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
  - Date
- Why is this business or organization temporarily inactive?
- When did this business or organization cease operations?
  - Date
- Why did this business or organization cease operations?

4. Verify or provide the current main activity of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

Note: The described activity was assigned using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

This question verifies the business or organization's current main activity as classified by the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) is an industry classification system developed by the statistical agencies of Canada, Mexico and the United States. Created against the background of the North American Free Trade Agreement, it is designed to provide common definitions of the industrial structure of the three countries and a common statistical framework to facilitate the analysis of the three economies. NAICS is based on supply-side or production-oriented principles, to ensure that industrial data, classified to NAICS , are suitable for the analysis of production-related issues such as industrial performance.

The following is the detailed description including any applicable examples or exclusions for the classification currently associated with this business or organization.

Description and examples

This is the current main activity
Provide a brief but precise description of this business or organization's main activity
e.g., breakfast cereal manufacturing, shoe store, software development
This is not the current main activity

Main activity

5. You indicated that is not the current main activity. Was this business or organization's main activity ever classified as: ?

Yes
When did the main activity change?
Date
No

6. Search and select the industry classification code that best corresponds to this business or organization's main activity.

Select this business or organization's activity sector (optional)

Farming or logging operation
Construction company or general contractor
Manufacturer
Wholesaler
Retailer
Provider of passenger or freight transportation
Provider of investment, savings or insurance products
Real estate agency, real estate brokerage or leasing company
Provider of professional, scientific or technical services
Provider of health care or social services
Restaurant, bar, hotel, motel or other lodging establishment
Other sector

7. You have indicated that the current main activity of this business or organization is:

Main activity

Are there any other activities that contribute significantly (at least 10%) to this business or organization's revenue?

Yes, there are other activities
Provide a brief but precise description of this business or organization's secondary activity
e.g., breakfast cereal manufacturing, shoe store, software development
No, that is the only significant activity

8. Approximately what percentage of this business or organization's revenue is generated by each of the following activities?

When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimates.

Approximately what percentage of this business or organization's revenue is generated by each of the following activities?
	Percentage of revenue
Main activity
Secondary activity
All other activities
Total percentage

Reporting period information

1. What are the start and end dates of this business's or organization's most recently completed fiscal year?

For this survey, the end date should fall between April 1, 2021 and March 31, 2022.

Here are twelve common fiscal periods that fall within the targeted dates:

May 1, 2020 to April 30, 2021
June 1, 2020 to May 31, 2021
July 1, 2020 to June 30, 2021
August 1, 2020 to July 31, 2021
September 1, 2020 to August 31, 2021
October 1, 2020 to September 30, 2021
November 1, 2020 to October 31, 2021
December 1, 2020 to November 30, 2021
January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021
February 1, 2021 to January 31, 2022
March 1, 2021 to February 28, 2022
April 1, 2021 to March 31, 2022.

Here are other examples of fiscal periods that fall within the required dates:

September 18, 2020 to September 15, 2021 (e.g., floating year-end)
June 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021 (e.g., a newly opened business).

Fiscal year start date

Fiscal year-end date

2. What is the reason the reporting period does not cover a full year?

Select all that apply.

Seasonal operations
New business
Change of ownership
Temporarily inactive
Change of fiscal year
Ceased operations
Other
Specify reason the reporting period does not cover a full year

Additional reporting instructions

1. Throughout this questionnaire, please report financial information in thousands of Canadian dollars.

For example, an amount of $763,880.25 should be reported as:

CAN$ '000 : $764,000

I will report in the format above

Revenue

1. For the reporting period of YYYY-MM-DD to YYYY-MM-DD, what was this business's revenue from each of the following sources?

Notes:

a detailed breakdown may be requested in other sections
these questions are asked of many different industries. Some questions may not apply to this business

Report dollar amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Revenue

a. Sales of goods and services ( e.g., fees, commissions, services revenue)

Report net of returns and allowances.

Include:

sales from Canadian locations (domestic and export sales)
transfers to other business units or a head office of your firm.

Exclude:

transfers into inventory and consignment sales
federal, provincial and territorial sales taxes and excise duties and taxes
intercompany sales in consolidated financial statements.

b. Rental and leasing Include rental or leasing of apartments, commercial buildings, land, office space, residential housing, investments in co-tenancies and co-ownerships, hotel or motel rooms, long and short term vehicle leasing, machinery or equipment, storage lockers, etc.

c. Commissions Include commissions earned on the sale of products or services by businesses such as advertising agencies, brokers, insurance agents, lottery ticket sales, sales representatives and travel agencies - compensation could also be reported under this item (for example, compensation for collecting sales tax).

d. Subsidies (including grants, donations, fundraising and sponsorships)

Include:

non-repayable grants, contributions and subsidies from all levels of government
revenue from private sector (corporate and individual) sponsorships, donations and fundraising.

e. Royalties, rights, licensing and franchise fees

A royalty is defined as a payment received by the holder of a copyright, trademark or patent.

f. Dividends

Include:

dividend income
dividends from Canadian sources
dividends from foreign sources
patronage dividends.

Exclude equity income from investments in subsidiaries or affiliates.

g. Interest

Include:

investment revenue
interest from foreign sources
interest from Canadian bonds and debentures
interest from Canadian mortgage loans
interest from other Canadian sources.

Exclude equity income from investments in subsidiaries or affiliates.

h. All other revenue (Include intracompany transfers)

Include amounts not included in questions a. to g.

Total revenue

The sum of sub-questions a. to h.

The sum of sub-questions a. to h.
	CAN$ '000
a. Sales of goods and services
b. Rental and leasing
c. Commissions
d. Subsidies
e. Royalties, rights, licensing and franchise fees
f. Dividends
g. Interest
h. Other
Total revenue

E-commerce

The following questions are about e-commerce activities.

E-commerce revenue: Sales of goods and services conducted over the Internet with or without online payment. Include all revenue for which an order is received and commitment to purchase is made via the Internet, although payment can be made by other means, such as orders made on web pages, an extranet, mobile devices or Electronic Data Interchange (EDI).

Exclude orders made by telephone, facsimile or email.

Sales from automated kiosks located within the business's establishments are excluded from E-commerce sales.

1. For the reporting period of YYYY-MM-DD to YYYY-MM-DD, what was this business's total revenue?

Include:

sales of goods and services
rental, leasing and property management
commissions
subsidies, grants, donations, fundraising and sponsorships
royalties
rights
licensing and franchise fees
dividends, interest and other revenue.

Report dollar amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Total revenue in CAN$ '000

2. For the reporting period of YYYY-MM-DD to YYYY-MM-DD, did this business have any e-commerce revenue?

E-commerce revenue: Sales of goods and services conducted over the Internet with or without online payment.

Exclude orders made by telephone, facsimile or email.

3. Of the [amount] reported in total revenue, what was the total e-commerce revenue?

When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimates.

Report dollar amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Total e-commerce revenue in CAN$ '000

4. For the reporting period of YYYY-MM-DD to YYYY-MM-DD, did this business make sales over the Internet through any of the following methods?

Select all that apply.

Mobile app
Include sales through any app, or application, that is downloaded and designed to run on a handheld device such as a smartphone or tablet (for example, places where a user may download these apps, including Apple's App Store, Google Play or Blackberry App World).
Company website
Include sales through a browser-based website where your organization maintains control of the content.
Third-party website
Include sales through a browser-based website where a third-party maintains the structure of the website and control of the look and feel while your company only provides the product to be sold (for example, Amazon, Expedia or Etsy).
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
A standard format for exchanging business data. EDI is based on the use of message standards, ensuring that all participants use a common language.
Via a mobile app
Via your company website
Via a third-party website
Via Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
Other
Specify the other methods

5. Does this business have any full-time staff dedicated solely to activities related to e-commerce?

6. Why did this business not make sales over the Internet?

Select all that apply.

Goods and services do not lend themselves to online sales
Prefer to maintain current business model
Lack of skilled workers to implement and maintain e-commerce infrastructure
Cost of development is too high
Security concerns
Other
Specify the other reasons

Expenses

1. For the reporting period of YYYY-MM-DD to YYYY-MM-DD, what were this business's expenses for the following items?

Notes:

a detailed breakdown may be requested in other sections
these questions are asked of many different industries. Some questions may not apply to this business

Report dollar amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Expenses

a. Cost of goods sold

Include:

cost of raw materials and/or goods purchased for resale - net of discounts earned on purchases
freight in and duty.

Exclude all costs associated with salaries, wages, benefits, commissions and subcontracts (report at Employment costs and expenses, and Subcontracts).

b. Employment costs and expenses

b1. Salaries, wages and commissions

Please report all salaries and wages (including taxable allowances and employment commissions as defined on the T4 - Statement of Remuneration Paid) before deductions for this reporting period.

Include:

vacation pay
bonuses (including profit sharing)
employee commissions
taxable allowances ( e.g., room and board, vehicle allowances, gifts such as airline tickets for holidays)
severance pay.

Exclude all payments and expenses associated with casual labour and outside contract workers (report at Subcontracts).

b2. Employee benefits

Include contributions to:

health plans
insurance plans
employment insurance
pension plans
workers' compensation
association dues
contributions to any other employee benefits such as child care and supplementary unemployment benefit (SUB) plans
contributions to provincial and territorial health and education payroll taxes.

c. Subcontracts

Subcontract expense refers to the purchasing of services from outside of the company rather than providing them in-house.

Include:

hired casual labour and outside contract workers
custom work and contract work
subcontract and outside labour
hired labour.

d. Research and development fees

e. Professional and business fees

Include:

legal services
accounting and auditing fees
consulting fees
education and training fees
appraisal fees
management and administration fees
property management fees
information technology (IT) consulting and service fees (purchased)
architectural fees
engineering fees
scientific and technical service fees
other consulting fees (management, technical and scientific)
veterinary fees
fees for human health services
payroll preparation fees
all other professional and business service fees.

Exclude service fees paid to Head Office (report at All other costs and expenses).

f. Utilities

Utility expenses related to operating your business unit such as water, electricity, gas and heating.

Include:

diesel, fuel wood, natural gas, oil and propane
sewage.

Exclude:

energy expenses covered in your rental and leasing contracts
telephone, Internet and other telecommunications
vehicle fuel (report at All other costs and expenses).

g. Office and computer related expenses

Include:

office stationery and supplies, paper and other supplies for photocopiers, printers and fax machines
postage and courier (used in the day to day office business activity)
computer and peripherals upgrade expenses
data processing.

Exclude telephone, Internet and other telecommunication expenses (report at Telephone, Internet and other telecommunication).

h. Telephone, Internet and other telecommunication

Include:

internet
telephone and telecommunications
cellular telephone
fax machine
pager.

i. Business taxes, licenses and permits

Include:

property taxes paid directly and property transfer taxes
vehicle license fees
beverage taxes and business taxes
trade license fees
membership fees and professional license fees
provincial capital tax.

j. Royalties, franchise fees and memberships

Include:

amounts paid to holders of patents, copyrights, performing rights and trademarks
gross overriding royalty expenses and direct royalty costs
resident and non-resident royalty expenses
franchise fees.

Exclude Crown royalties

k. Crown charges

Federal or Provincial royalty, tax, lease or rental payments made in relation to the acquisition, development or ownership of Canadian resource properties.

Include:

Crown royalties
Crown leases and rentals
oil sand leases
stumpage fees.

l. Rental and leasing

Include:

lease rental expenses, real estate rental expenses, condominium fees and equipment rental expenses
motor vehicle rental and leasing expenses
studio lighting and scaffolding
machinery and equipment rental expenses
storage expenses
road and construction equipment rental
fuel and other utility costs covered in your rental and leasing contracts.

m. Repair and maintenance

Include:

buildings and structures
machinery and equipment
security equipment
vehicles
costs related to materials, parts and external labour associated with these expenses
janitorial and cleaning services and garbage removal.

n. Amortization and depreciation

Include:

direct cost depreciation of tangible assets and amortization of leasehold improvements
amortization of intangible assets ( e.g., amortization of goodwill, patents, franchises, copyrights, trademarks, deferred charges, organizational costs).

o. Insurance

Insurance recovery income should be deducted from insurance expenses.

Include:

professional and other liability insurance
motor vehicle and property insurance
executive life insurance
bonding, business interruption insurance and fire insurance.

p. Advertising, marketing, promotion, meals and entertainment

Include:

newspaper advertising and media expenses
catalogues, presentations and displays
tickets for theatre, concerts and sporting events for business promotion
fundraising expenses
meals, entertainment and hospitality purchases for clients.

q. Travel, meetings and conventions

Include:

travel expenses
meeting and convention expenses, seminars
passenger transportation ( e.g., airfare, bus, train)
accommodations
travel allowance and meals while travelling
other travel expenses.

r. Financial services

Include:

explicit service charges for financial services
credit and debit card commissions and charges
collection expenses and transfer fees
registrar and transfer agent fees
security and exchange commission fees
other financial service fees.

Exclude interest expenses (report at Interest expense).

s. Interest expense

Report the cost of servicing your company's debt.

Include:

interest
bank charges
finance charges
interest payments on capital leases
amortization of bond discounts
interest on short-term and long-term debt, mortgages, bonds and debentures.

t. Other non-production-related costs and expenses

Include:

charitable donations and political contributions
bad debt expense
loan losses
provisions for loan losses (minus bad debt recoveries)
inventory adjustments.

u. All other costs and expenses (including intracompany expenses)

Include:

production costs
pipeline operations, drilling, site restoration
gross overriding royalty
other producing property rentals
well operating, fuel and equipment
other lease rentals
other direct costs
equipment hire and operation
log yard expense, forestry costs, logging road costs
freight in and duty
overhead expenses allocated to cost of sales
other expenses
cash over/short (negative expense)
reimbursement of parent company expense
warranty expense
recruiting expenses
general and administrative expenses
interdivisional expenses
interfund transfer (minus expense recoveries)
exploration and development (including prospect/geological, well abandonment and dry holes, exploration expenses, development expenses)
amounts not included in sub-questions a. to t. above.

Total expenses

The sum of sub-questions a. to u.

The sum of sub-questions a. to u.
	CAN$ '000
a. Cost of goods sold
Opening inventories
Purchases
Closing inventories
Cost of goods sold
b. Employment costs and expenses
Salaries, wages and commissions
Employee benefits
c. Subcontracts
d. Research and development fees
e. Professional and business fees
f. Utilities
g. Office and computer related expenses
h. Telephone, Internet and other telecommunication
i. Business taxes, licenses and permits
j. Royalties, franchise fees and memberships
k. Crown charges
l. Rental and leasing
m. Repair and maintenance
n. Amortization and depreciation
o. Insurance
p. Advertising, marketing, promotion, meals and entertainment
q. Travel, meetings and conventions
r. Financial services
s. Interest expense
t. Other non-production-related costs and expenses
u. All other costs and expenses
Total expenses

Industry characteristics

1. What were this business's sales for each of the following goods and services?

Please report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

a. Architectural services

a1. Single-family residential projects

Architectural services provided for single-family residential building projects.

Include:

the design of single-family homes in subdivision developments
townhouses with a floor-to-ceiling wall between each unit.

Exclude historical restoration projects.

a2. Multi-family residential projects

Architectural services provided for multi-family residential building projects.

Include the design of apartment blocks.

Exclude:

the design of nursing homes and similar residential health care building projects
the design of hotels, resorts and similar temporary overnight accommodation building projects
historical restoration projects.

a3. Office building projects

Architectural services for all types of office buildings, including those for public and institutional clients.

Include office parks.

Exclude historical restoration projects.

a4. Retail and restaurant projects

Architectural services for stores, restaurants and similar buildings.

Include:

shopping centres
retail stores
restaurants
gas stations.

Exclude historical restoration projects.

a5. Hotel and convention centre projects

Architectural services for buildings providing temporary overnight accommodations.

Include:

hotels
motels
resorts
convention centres.

Exclude historical restoration projects.

a6. Health care projects ( e.g., hospitals, nursing homes and similar projects)

Architectural services for buildings which provide health care.

Include:

active care hospitals and clinics
nursing homes
respite care centres.

Exclude historical restoration projects.

a7. Entertainment, recreational, and cultural building projects

Architectural services for entertainment, recreational and cultural building projects.

Include:

cinemas and theatres
museums
zoos
aquariums
health clubs
swimming pools
stadiums and arenas
community centres
monuments.

Exclude historical restoration projects.

a8. Educational building projects ( e.g., schools, colleges, universities)

Architectural services for educational buildings.

Include:

elementary, secondary and postsecondary projects
school and college instructional buildings
college dormitories and other buildings on college campuses
daycare centres.

Exclude historical restoration projects.

a9. Industrial building projects

Architectural services for industrial buildings.

Include:

mine buildings
manufacturing plants and similar processing and assembly buildings.

Exclude:

warehouses
historical restoration projects.

a10. Transportation and distribution facility projects

Architectural services for transportation and distribution facility projects, ( e.g., buildings involved in the movement of goods and people and the storage of goods).

Include:

bus stations
train stations
airport terminals
warehouses
distribution centres
truck terminals.

Exclude historical restoration projects.

a11. Other non-residential building projects ( e.g., churches, prisons)

Other specialized non-residential public building projects.

Include:

churches
prisons
religious building projects
military building projects.

Exclude historical restoration projects.

a12. Historical restoration projects

Architectural services that incorporate legal requirements to preserve or restore the historic character of a building.

a13. Architectural advisory services

The provision of advice, studies and reports on architectural matters, except when the advice relates to a specific project. Advice, studies and reports provided in conjunction with a project are classified based on the project type.

b. Landscape architectural services

Landscape architectural services are concerned with the design of built landscape.

Include:

landscape architectural services for a design-build project provided on a sub-contract basis
the provision of designs and construction documents
plans, studies and other advisory services related to specific projects
construction contract administration services.

Exclude:

non-landscape architectural products related to building projects, provided on a stand-alone basis ( e.g., construction management services, engineering design services and drafting services)
design-build contracts, in which you assume the construction risk as well as the design risk.

c. Urban planning services

Urban planning services develop plans for the use of land to achieve a community's objectives for a built and natural environment that is aesthetically pleasing, efficient and functional. Urban plans express public policies related to land use and development as outlined by municipalities or other levels of governments. They provide a framework within which the plans for actual projects can be developed.

Exclude the design of site master plans for actual construction projects.

d. Project site master planning services

Services that provide plans for a construction site with the proposed location of buildings, roads, parking lots and other features.

Exclude urban planning services.

e. Interior design services

Business activities related to the planning, designing and administering of projects in interior spaces to meet the physical and aesthetic needs of people, taking into consideration building codes, health and safety regulations, traffic patterns and floor planning, mechanical and electrical needs, and interior fittings and furniture.

Exclude retail or wholesale locations that also provide interior design or decorating as a service.

f. Engineering services

The application of physical laws and principles in the design, development, and utilization of machines, materials, instruments, structures, processes, and systems.

Include:

the provision of designs, plans, and studies related to engineering projects
engineering design services for a design-build project that are provided on a sub-contract basis.

g. Other sales of goods and services - specify

All other architectural and landscape architectural services not defined above.

What were this business's sales for each of the following goods and services?
	CAN$ '000
Architectural services
Single-family residential projects
Multi-family residential projects
Office building projects
Retail and restaurant projects
Hotel and convention centre projects
Health care projects
Entertainment, recreational and cultural building projects
Educational building projects
Industrial building projects
Transportation and distribution facility projects
Other non-residential building projects
Historical restoration projects
Architectural advisory services
Landscape architectural services
Urban planning services
Project site master planning services
Interior design services
Engineering services
Other
Total sales of goods and services

Industry characteristics

2. What were this business's sales by the following types of revenue?

a. Fee income

Revenues collected by the company for professional service fees rendered.

Exclude:

reimbursable expenses
subcontract fees awarded to other companies.

b. Subcontracts

Please report the value of the subcontracts awarded by you to other firms/consultants.

c. Reimbursables

Include the cost of all contract-related materials used in a project that are billed to the client.

Exclude subcontract fees.

What were this business's sales by the following types of revenue?
	CAN$ '000
Fee income
Subcontracts
Architectural consulting
Other consulting
Reimbursables
Other
Total sales

3. During this reporting period of YYYY-MM-DD to YYYY-MM-DD, how many non-salaried partners and proprietors did this business have?

For unincorporated businesses, please report the number of partners and proprietors for whom earnings will be the net income of the partnership or proprietorship.

During this reporting period of YYYY-MM-DD to YYYY-MM-DD, how many non-salaried partners and proprietors did this business have?
	Number
Number of partners and proprietors, non-salaried, during this reporting period

Sales by type of client

1. What was this business's breakdown of sales by the following types of client?

Sales by type of client

This section is designed to measure which sector of the economy purchases your services.

Please provide a percentage breakdown of your sales by type of client.

Please ensure that the sum of percentages reported in this section equals 100%.

a. to c. Clients in Canada

a. Individuals and households

Please report the percentage of sales to individuals and households who do not represent the business or government sector.

b. Businesses

Percentage of sales sold to the business sector should be reported here.

Include sales to Crown corporations.

c. Governments, not-for-profit organizations and public institutions ( e.g., hospitals, schools)

Percentage of sales to federal, provincial, territorial and municipal governments should be reported here.

Include: sales to hospitals, schools, universities and public utilities.

d. Clients outside Canada

Please report the percentage of total sales to customers or clients located outside Canada including foreign businesses, foreign individuals, foreign institutions and/or governments.

Include sales to foreign subsidiaries and affiliates.


	Percentage
Clients in Canada — individuals and households
Clients in Canada — businesses
Clients in Canada — governments, not-for-profit organizations and public institutions
Clients outside Canada
Total percentage

Sales by consumer location

1. What was the percentage breakdown of this business's sales by consumer location?

Consumer location is the location where the goods or services will ultimately be used.

If ultimate consumer location is not known, the following are acceptable substitutes:

shipping destination
client's billing address
location of this business's retail customers
location of this business's warehouse/distribution centres.


	Percentage
Newfoundland and Labrador
Prince Edward Island
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Quebec
Ontario
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
Alberta
British Columbia
Yukon
Northwest Territories
Nunavut
United States
All other countries
Total percentage

International transactions - revenue received from exports

2. What was the revenue received from clients outside Canada?

Revenue received ( CAN$ '000 )

3. What was the percentage breakdown of revenue received from clients outside Canada by goods, services and royalties?

What was the percentage breakdown of revenue received from clients outside Canada by goods, services and royalties?
	Percentage
Goods
Services
Royalties, rights, licensing and franchise fees
Total percentage

4. What was the percentage breakdown of revenue received from clients outside Canada by country?

What was the percentage breakdown of revenue received from clients outside Canada by country?
	Percentage
United States
Mexico
Provide the percentage of revenue received from any other countries - top 4 clients only
Other country 1
Other country 2
Other country 3
Other country 4
Total percentage

International transactions - purchases from outside Canada (imports)

6. What were the payments made to suppliers outside Canada?

Payments made ( CAN$ '000 )

7. What was the percentage breakdown of payments made to suppliers outside Canada by goods, services and royalties?

What was the percentage breakdown of payments made to suppliers outside Canada by goods, services and royalties?
	Percentage
Goods
Services
Royalties, rights, licensing and franchise fees
Total percentage

8. What was the percentage breakdown of payments made to suppliers outside Canada by country?

What was the percentage breakdown of payments made to suppliers outside Canada by country?
	Percentage
United States
Mexico
Provide the percentage of payments made to any other countries - top 4 suppliers only
Other country 1
Other country 2
Other country 3
Other country 4
Total percentage

COVID-19

Yes

Additional labour costs, if applicable (CAN$ '000)
$ ,000
Other additional expenses (CAN$ '000)
$ ,000

As a result of the additional expenses or business conditions, did this business delay plans to expand operating capacity or undertake investments?

2. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, in 2021 which of the following ways did this business change operating methods?

Include both temporary and ongoing changes.

Select all that apply.

Adopt or expand upon a contact-less business model (e.g., e-commerce sales, drive-through, delivery, curbside pickup, offer virtual services )
Retrofit the workspace
Invest in e-commerce platforms
Use business intelligence technologies (e.g., cloud-based computing systems and big data analytic tools)
Develop new supply chains
Ask some or all employees to work from home
Introduce or accelerate the introduction of new goods and services
Increase prices charged to customers of certain goods and services as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic
Decrease prices charged to customers of certain goods and services as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic
Change marketing strategy (Include re-allocating marketing budget)
Increase marketing budget
Decrease marketing budget
Expand to new markets
Substitute capital for labour (e.g., automation, robots for use in producing goods and services)
Provided extra staff training (e.g., job specific training, managerial training, training in new technology, training in new business practices, digital skills training, data literacy skills, other training and development)
Downsize business activities (e.g., reduce goods and services offered)
Reduce labour costs (e.g., lay off employees, furlough employees, request employees take vacation, reduce hours of employees, offer early retirement package, outsource work)
Reduce costs other than labour costs
Take other actions
Specify the additional actions taken
OR
No changes to operating methods in response to the COVID-19 pandemic

3. Due to COVID-19, did this business receive public financial relief to avoid layoffs through the Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy or Temporary 10% Wage Subsidy programs?

Yes
How much did your business obtain through these means?
Financial relief received (CAN$ '000)
$ ,000

Notification of intent to extract web data

1. Does this business have a website?

Yes
Specify the business website address
e.g., www.example.ca
No

Please visit Statistics Canada's web scraping initiative page for more information.

Please visit Statistics Canada's transparency and accountability page to learn more.

If you have any questions or concerns, please contact Statistics Canada Client Services, toll-free at 1-877-949-9492 (TTY: 1-800-363-7629) or by email at infostats@canada.ca.

Changes or events

1. Indicate any changes or events that affected the reported values for this business or organization, compared with the last reporting period.

Select all that apply.

Strike or lock-out
Exchange rate impact
Price changes in goods or services sold
Contracting out
Organizational change
Price changes in labour or raw materials
Natural disaster
Recession
Change in product line
Sold business or business units
Expansion
New or lost contract
Plant closures
Acquisition of business or business units
Other
Specify the other changes or events:
No changes or events

Contact person

2. Statistics Canada may need to contact the person who completed this questionnaire for further information.

Is the provided given names and the provided family name the best person to contact?

Who is the best person to contact about this questionnaire?

First name:
Last name:
Title:
Email address:
Telephone number (including area code):
Extension number (if applicable):
The maximum number of characters is 5.
Fax number (including area code):

Feedback

3. How long did it take to complete this questionnaire?

Include the time spent gathering the necessary information.

Hours:
Minutes:

4. Do you have any comments about this questionnaire?

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Date modified:: 2024-11-27