2021 Census soundtrack

Every census supporter needs their soundtrack

As Canada's statistical portrait, the census is a reflection of the lives of Canadians. Listen to our playlists while you explore the 2021 Census data, and experience the different facets of Canadian culture. If these songs aren't already among your favourite tracks, we hope that you have the opportunity to discover something new as you learn about how our country has changed over the past five years.

Get comfortable, press play, and let's experience Canada's celebrated musical talent together.

For more information on the 2021 Census data, please visit the Census of Population.

2021 Census data releases

Nostalgic songs

Go back in time and get nostalgic with our selection of Canadian songs.

Nostalgic songs: Listen on Spotify

Roundabouts and corner stores

Do you feel it? Something special runs through these winding streets. Listen to Canada's trending tracks here.

Roundabouts and corner stores: Listen on Spotify

This city never sleeps

Lights. Sounds. Smells. Our cities buzz with excitement. We've curated Canada's soul, R&B and hip-hop tracks in one place.

This city never sleeps: Listen on Spotify

Backroads and rolling hills

Gear down, kick back and take the scenic route with some of Canada's best country hits.

Backroads and rolling hills: Listen on Spotify

2021 Census collection

Spark & soul

Modern pop, electronic and soul infusions from Canada's chart-toppers.

Spark & soul: Listen on Spotify

Studio sessions

Explore Canada's latest up-and-coming alternative and folk talent.

Studio sessions: Listen on Spotify

Friday night kitchen party

Turn it all the way up with Canada's current country favourites.

Friday night kitchen party: Listen on Spotify

Front row freedom

No concert? No problem. Jam out to Canada's best rock hits from the 2000's-onward.

Front row freedom: Listen on Spotify

Take the long way home

Take the trip down memory lane with highlights from Canada's 1990's and 2000's celebrated artists.

Take the long way home: Listen on Spotify

True North rap

Hard-hitting bars from coast to coast, this is Canadian rap and hip-hop.

True North rap: Listen on Spotify

Golden age

Legendary Canadian rock classics you'll be sure to recognize.

Golden age: Listen on Spotify

Francophone pride

Celebrated tracks from some of Canada's biggest French names.

Francophone pride: Listen on Spotify

Contemporary Francophone

Rising French-Canadian artists you'll want to keep an eye on.

Contemporary Francophone: Listen on Spotify

Voices of the North

A celebration of the sounds produced by Indigenous artists.

Voices of the North: Listen on Spotify

Spotlight: Contemporary Indigenous

Bringing together the best of Canada's fastest-rising Indigenous talent.

Spotlight: Contemporary Indigenous: Listen on Spotify

Date modified:

Why are we conducting this survey?

The purpose of this survey is to produce monthly statistics on stocks of butter and cheese held in cold storage warehouses.

The data are used by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, the Canadian Dairy Commission, provincial governments and the Dairy Farmers of Canada to assist in the development, administration and evaluation of agricultural policies.

Your information may also be used by Statistics Canada for other statistical and research purposes.

Your participation in this survey is required under the authority of the Statistics Act.

Other important information

Authorization to collect this information

Data are collected under the authority of the Statistics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, Chapter S-19.

Confidentiality

By law, Statistics Canada is prohibited from releasing any information it collects that could identify any person, business, or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent, or as permitted by the Statistics Act. Statistics Canada will use the information from this survey for statistical purposes only.

Record linkages

To enhance the data from this survey and to reduce the reporting burden, Statistics Canada may combine the acquired data with information from other surveys or from administrative sources.

Data-sharing agreements

To reduce respondent burden, Statistics Canada has entered into data-sharing agreements with provincial and territorial statistical agencies and other government organizations, which have agreed to keep the data confidential and use them only for statistical purposes. Statistics Canada will only share data from this survey with those organizations that have demonstrated a requirement to use the data.

Section 11 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with provincial and territorial statistical agencies that meet certain conditions. These agencies must have the legislative authority to collect the same information, on a mandatory basis, and the legislation must provide substantially the same provisions for confidentiality and penalties for disclosure of confidential information as the Statistics Act. Because these agencies have the legal authority to compel businesses to provide the same information, consent is not requested and businesses may not object to the sharing of the data.

For this survey, there are Section 11 agreements with the provincial statistical agencies of Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta and British Columbia. The shared data will be limited to information pertaining to business establishments located within the jurisdiction of the respective province.

Business or organization and contact information

1. Verify or provide the business or organization's legal and operating name and correct where needed.

Note: Legal name modifications should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

Legal Name

The legal name is one recognized by law, thus it is the name liable for pursuit or for debts incurred by the business or organization. In the case of a corporation, it is the legal name as fixed by its charter or the statute by which the corporation was created.

Modifications to the legal name should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

To indicate a legal name of another legal entity you should instead indicate it in question 3 by selecting 'Not currently operational' and then choosing the applicable reason and providing the legal name of this other entity along with any other requested information.

Operating Name

The operating name is a name the business or organization is commonly known as if different from its legal name. The operating name is synonymous with trade name.

  • Legal name
  • Operating name (if applicable)

2. Verify or provide the contact information of the designated business or organization contact person for this questionnaire and correct where needed.

Note: The designated contact person is the person who should receive this questionnaire. The designated contact person may not always be the one who actually completes the questionnaire.

  • First name
  • Last name
  • Title
  • Preferred language of communication
    • English
    • French
  • Mailing address (number and street)
  • City
  • Province, territory or state
  • Postal code or ZIP code
  • Country
    • Canada
    • United States
  • Email address
  • Telephone number (including area code)
  • Extension number (if applicable)
    The maximum number of characters is 10.
  • Fax number (including area code)

3. Verify or provide the current operational status of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

  • Operational
  • Not currently operational
    Why is this business or organization not currently operational?
    • Seasonal operations
      • When did this business or organization close for the season?
        Date
      • When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
        Date
    • Ceased operations
      • When did this business or organization cease operations?
        Date
      • Why did this business or organization cease operations?
        • Bankruptcy
        • Liquidation
        • Dissolution
        • Other
          Specify the other reasons why the operations ceased
    • Sold operations
      • When was this business or organization sold?
        Date
      • What is the legal name of the buyer?
    • Amalgamated with other businesses or organizations
      • When did this business or organization amalgamate?
        Date
      • What is the legal name of the resulting or continuing business or organization?
      • What are the legal names of the other amalgamated businesses or organizations?
    • Temporarily inactive but will re-open
      • When did this business or organization become temporarily inactive?
        Date
      • When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
        Date
      • Why is this business or organization temporarily inactive?
    • No longer operating due to other reasons
      • When did this business or organization cease operations?
        Date
      • Why did this business or organization cease operations?

4. Verify or provide the current main activity of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

Note: The described activity was assigned using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

This question verifies the business or organization's current main activity as classified by the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) is an industry classification system developed by the statistical agencies of Canada, Mexico and the United States. Created against the background of the North American Free Trade Agreement, it is designed to provide common definitions of the industrial structure of the three countries and a common statistical framework to facilitate the analysis of the three economies. NAICS is based on supply-side or production-oriented principles, to ensure that industrial data, classified to NAICS , are suitable for the analysis of production-related issues such as industrial performance.

The target entity for which NAICS is designed are businesses and other organizations engaged in the production of goods and services. They include farms, incorporated and unincorporated businesses and government business enterprises. They also include government institutions and agencies engaged in the production of marketed and non-marketed services, as well as organizations such as professional associations and unions and charitable or non-profit organizations and the employees of households.

The associated NAICS should reflect those activities conducted by the business or organizational units targeted by this questionnaire only, as identified in the 'Answering this questionnaire' section and which can be identified by the specified legal and operating name. The main activity is the activity which most defines the targeted business or organization's main purpose or reason for existence. For a business or organization that is for-profit, it is normally the activity that generates the majority of the revenue for the entity.

The NAICS classification contains a limited number of activity classifications; the associated classification might be applicable for this business or organization even if it is not exactly how you would describe this business or organization's main activity.

Please note that any modifications to the main activity through your response to this question might not necessarily be reflected prior to the transmitting of subsequent questionnaires and as a result they may not contain this updated information.

The following is the detailed description including any applicable examples or exclusions for the classification currently associated with this business or organization.

Description and examples

  • This is the current main activity
  • This is not the current main activity
    • Provide a brief but precise description of this business or organization's main activity
      e.g., breakfast cereal manufacturing, shoe store, software development

Main activity

5. You indicated that is not the current main activity. Was this business or organization's main activity ever classified as: ?

  • Yes
    When did the main activity change?
    Date
  • No

6. Search and select the industry classification code that best corresponds to this business or organization's main activity.

Select this business or organization's activity sector (optional)

  • Farming or logging operation
  • Construction company or general contractor
  • Manufacturer
  • Wholesaler
  • Retailer
  • Provider of passenger or freight transportation
  • Provider of investment, savings or insurance products
  • Real estate agency, real estate brokerage or leasing company
  • Provider of professional, scientific or technical services
  • Provider of health care or social services
  • Restaurant, bar, hotel, motel or other lodging establishment
  • Other sector

Dairy products - domestic and imported

1. What was the total inventory in kilograms (kg) of the following butter and butter oil products?

Include:

  • domestic and imported products
  • salted and unsalted butter.

Dairy products - domestic and imported

Include:

  • inventory for all dairy products held in your establishment(s), whether owned by you or by others
  • inventory stored in specially rented rooms to which only you have access (except in emergency)
  • stocks held on government accounts.

Exclude products held in common or cold public storage (these will be reported by operators of those establishments).

Total inventory of butter and butter oil products

Please report all inventory of butter and butter oil products including domestic and imported butter and butter oil products.

a. to c. Creamery butter

Include:

  • salted and unsalted butter
  • whipped butter
  • light or 'lite' butter
  • cultured butter
  • sweet butter
  • calorie-reduced butter
  • dairy spread.

Exclude reworked butter and manufacturing cream.

What was the total inventory in kilograms (kg) of the following butter and butter oil products?
  Total inventory on 1st of month (kg)
a. Creamery butter - held under Plan A  
b. Creamery butter - held under Plan B  
c. Creamery butter - held privately  
Total creamery butter  
d. Whey butter  
e. Butter oil  

2. What was the total inventory in kilograms (kg) of the following types of cheese?

Include domestic and imported products.

Dairy products - domestic and imported

Include:

  • inventory for all dairy products held in your establishment(s), whether owned by you or by others
  • inventory stored in specially rented rooms to which only you have access (except in emergency)
  • stocks held on government accounts.

Exclude products held in common or cold public storage (these will be reported by operators of those establishments).

Total inventory of cheese

Please report all inventory of cheese including domestic and imported cheese.

a. Cheddar

Include all sizes of cheddar cheese: block, stirred curd, curd and cheddar cheese used to make processed cheese.

b. Mozzarella

Include:

  • American full fat mozzarella (27% to 28 % B.F. )
  • American low fat mozzarella (17% to 20 % B.F. )
  • Italian full fat mozzarella (22% to 24 % B.F. )
  • Italian low fat mozzarella (15 % B.F. )
  • other mozzarella cheese products.

c. Other factory cheese (all varieties except cheddar, mozzarella and processed)

Include: brick, casata, feta, gouda, marble, swiss, curd cheese, etc.

d. Processed cheese

Include processed cheese, processed cheese food, processed cheese spread made from cheddar cheese or other cheeses.

What was the total inventory in kilograms (kg) of the following types of cheese?
  Total inventory on 1st of month (kg)
a. Cheddar  
b. Mozzarella  
c. Other factory cheese (all varieties except cheddar, mozzarella and processed)  
d. Processed cheese  
Total cheese  

3. Of the above dairy products held on 1st of month (kg), were any owned by dairy processors?

  • Yes
  • No

Inventory owned by dairy processors

4. Of the dairy products held in inventory on 1st of month (kg), which of the following were owned by dairy processors?

Select all that apply.

Inventory owned by dairy processors

Please indicate which dairy products held in inventory were owned by dairy processors.

Include inventory of dairy products which were owned by dairy processors and which were:

  • held in your establishment(s) or
  • stored in specially rented rooms to which only you have access (except in emergency) or
  • held on government accounts.

Exclude dairy products held in common or cold public storage (these will be reported by operators of those establishments).

Creamery butter - held under Plan A

  • How many dairy processors owned inventory of creamery butter held under Plan A?
  • Number of processors

Creamery butter - held under Plan B

  • How many dairy processors owned inventory of creamery butter held under Plan B?
  • Number of processors

Creamery butter - held privately

  • How many dairy processors owned inventory of creamery butter held privately?
  • Number of processors

Whey butter

  • How many dairy processors owned inventory of whey butter?
  • Number of processors

Butter oil

  • How many dairy processors owned inventory of butter oil?
  • Number of processors

Cheddar

  • How many dairy processors owned inventory of cheddar?
  • Number of processors

Mozzarella

  • How many dairy processors owned inventory of mozzarella?
  • Number of processors

Other factory cheese (all varieties except cheddar, mozzarella and processed)

  • How many dairy processors owned inventory of other factory cheese?
  • Number of processors

Processed cheese

  • How many dairy processors owned inventory of processed cheese?
  • Number of processors

5. For the following dairy product(s), what is the name of the dairy processor(s) and the quantity of inventory owned in kilograms (kg) by each dairy processor?

Inventory owned by dairy processors

Include inventory of dairy products which were owned by dairy processors and which were:

  • held in your establishment(s) or
  • stored in specially rented rooms to which only you have access (except in emergency) or
  • held on government accounts.

Exclude dairy products held in common or cold public storage (these will be reported by operators of those establishments).

For the following dairy product(s), what is the name of the dairy processor(s) and the quantity of inventory owned in kilograms (kg) by each dairy processor?
  Name of dairy processor Quantity owned on 1st of month (kg)
Creamery butter - held under Plan A    
Dairy processor 1    
Dairy processor 2    
Dairy processor 3    
Dairy processor 4    
Dairy processor 5    
Dairy processor 6    
Dairy processor 7    
Dairy processor 8    
Dairy processor 9    
Creamery butter - held under Plan B    
Dairy processor 1    
Dairy processor 2    
Dairy processor 3    
Dairy processor 4    
Dairy processor 5    
Dairy processor 6    
Dairy processor 7    
Dairy processor 8    
Dairy processor 9    
Creamery butter - held privately    
Dairy processor 1    
Dairy processor 2    
Dairy processor 3    
Dairy processor 4    
Dairy processor 5    
Dairy processor 6    
Dairy processor 7    
Dairy processor 8    
Dairy processor 9    
Whey butter    
Dairy processor 1    
Dairy processor 2    
Dairy processor 3    
Dairy processor 4    
Dairy processor 5    
Dairy processor 6    
Dairy processor 7    
Dairy processor 8    
Dairy processor 9    
Butter oil    
Dairy processor 1    
Dairy processor 2    
Dairy processor 3    
Dairy processor 4    
Dairy processor 5    
Dairy processor 6    
Dairy processor 7    
Dairy processor 8    
Dairy processor 9    
Cheddar    
Dairy processor 1    
Dairy processor 2    
Dairy processor 3    
Dairy processor 4    
Dairy processor 5    
Dairy processor 6    
Dairy processor 7    
Dairy processor 8    
Dairy processor 9    
Mozzarella    
Dairy processor 1    
Dairy processor 2    
Dairy processor 3    
Dairy processor 4    
Dairy processor 5    
Dairy processor 6    
Dairy processor 7    
Dairy processor 8    
Dairy processor 9    
Other factory cheese (all varieties except cheddar, mozzarella and processed)    
Dairy processor 1    
Dairy processor 2    
Dairy processor 3    
Dairy processor 4    
Dairy processor 5    
Dairy processor 6    
Dairy processor 7    
Dairy processor 8    
Dairy processor 9    
Processed cheese    
Dairy processor 1    
Dairy processor 2    
Dairy processor 3    
Dairy processor 4    
Dairy processor 5    
Dairy processor 6    
Dairy processor 7    
Dairy processor 8    
Dairy processor 9    

Changes or events

1. Indicate any changes or events that affected the reported values for this business or organization, compared with the last reporting period.

Select all that apply.

  • Strike or lock-out
  • Exchange rate impact
  • Price changes in goods or services sold
  • Contracting out
  • Organizational change
  • Price changes in labour or raw materials
  • Natural disaster
  • Recession
  • Change in product line
  • Sold business or business units
  • Expansion
  • New or lost contract
  • Plant closures
  • Acquisition of business or business units
  • Other
    Specify the other changes or events:
  • No changes or events

Contact person

1. Statistics Canada may need to contact the person who completed this questionnaire for further information.
Is the provided given names and the provided family name the best person to contact?

  • Yes
  • No

Who is the best person to contact about this questionnaire?

  • First name:
  • Last name:
  • Title:
  • Email address:
  • Telephone number (including area code):
  • Extension number (if applicable):
    The maximum number of characters is 5.
  • Fax number (including area code):

Feedback

1. How long did it take to complete this questionnaire?

Include the time spent gathering the necessary information.

  • Hours:
  • Minutes:

2. Do you have any comments about this questionnaire?

2022 Biannual Potato Area and Yield Survey – June: Reporting Guide

Integrated Business Statistics Program (IBSP)

This guide is designed to assist you as you complete the 2022 Biannual Potato Area and Yield Survey - June. If you need more information, please call the Statistics Canada Help Line at the number below.

Your answers are confidential.

Statistics Canada is prohibited by law from releasing any information it collects which could identify any person, business, or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent or as permitted by the Statistics Act.

Statistics Canada will use information from this survey for statistical purposes.

Help Line: 1-877-949-9492 or TTY 1-855-382-7745

Table of contents

A - Reporting instructions

  • Report dollar amounts in Canadian dollars.
  • Exclude sales tax.
  • When precise figures are not available, please provide your best estimates.

B - Definitions

Legal Name

The legal name is one recognized by law, thus it is the name liable for pursuit or for debts incurred by the business or organization. In the case of a corporation, it is the legal name as fixed by its charter or the statute by which the corporation was created.

Modifications to the legal name should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

To indicate a legal name of another legal entity you should instead indicate it in question 3 by selecting 'Not currently operational' and then choosing the applicable reason and providing the legal name of this other entity along with any other requested information.

Operating Name

The operating name is a name the business or organization is commonly known as if different from its legal name. The operating name is synonymous with trade name.

Current main activity of the business or organization

The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) is an industry classification system developed by the statistical agencies of Canada, Mexico and the United States. Created against the background of the North American Free Trade Agreement, it is designed to provide common definitions of the industrial structure of the three countries and a common statistical framework to facilitate the analysis of the three economies. NAICS is based on supply-side or production-oriented principles, to ensure that industrial data, classified to NAICS, are suitable for the analysis of production-related issues such as industrial performance.

The target entity for which NAICS is designed are businesses and other organizations engaged in the production of goods and services. They include farms, incorporated and unincorporated businesses and government business enterprises. They also include government institutions and agencies engaged in the production of marketed and non-marketed services, as well as organizations such as professional associations and unions and charitable or non-profit organizations and the employees of households.

The associated NAICS should reflect those activities conducted by the business or organizational unit(s) targeted by this questionnaire only, and which can be identified by the specified legal and operating name. The main activity is the activity which most defines the targeted business or organization's main purpose or reason for existence. For a business or organization that is for-profit, it is normally the activity that generates the majority of the revenue for the entity.

The NAICS classification contains a limited number of activity classifications; the associated classification might be applicable for this business or organization even if it is not exactly how you would describe this business or organization's main activity.

Please note that any modifications to the main activity through your response to this question might not necessarily be reflected prior to the transmitting of subsequent questionnaires and as a result they may not contain this updated information.

C - Question 1

Did you sell any potatoes in the 2021 crop year?

Crop Year

The period of time between one year's harvest to the next.

For most provinces, the crop year is from August to the following July.

However, in British Columbia, they could harvest potatoes as early as June so their crop year could run from June to the following May.

D - Question 2

For the 2021 crop year, what was the quantity of potatoes sold and the total value received?

The following are for the quantity of potatoes sold and the total value received for the 2021 crop year.

Exclude any potatoes purchased for re-sale.

Report the total value received after any deductions or bonuses.

Report total value received taking into account all grades.

Table stock potatoes

Potatoes that are sold in bulk or in bags to be eaten fresh.

Seed potatoes

Potatoes that are planted the following spring to produce the next fall's crop of potatoes.

Processing potatoes

Potatoes that are converted to french fries, instant mashed potatoes, potato chips or starch.

Hundredweight/CWT

Pronounced hundredweight, it is a measure of weight used for potatoes that means 100 pounds.

E - Question 3 and 4

What is the total area of potatoes planted in the 2022 crop year?

Please report all planting intentions, if you have not completed your planting activities when completing this survey.

Thank you for your participation.

Monthly Survey of Food Services and Drinking Places: CVs for Total Sales by Geography - February 2022

Monthly Survey of Food Services and Drinking Places: CVs for Total Sales by Geography – November 2021
Table summary
This table displays the results of CVs for Total sales by Geography. The information is grouped by Geography (appearing as row headers), Month and percentage (appearing as column headers).
Geography Month
202102 202103 202104 202105 202106 202107 202108 202109 202110 202111 202112 202201 202202
percentage
Canada 0.19 0.47 1.44 1.59 1.32 3.40 0.43 0.18 0.20 0.19 0.15 0.41 0.29
Newfoundland and Labrador 0.48 2.16 2.05 2.53 0.46 0.60 0.54 0.57 0.67 0.62 0.60 1.50 2.63
Prince Edward Island 1.04 1.29 16.69 1.05 0.92 0.96 0.83 2.81 7.86 7.18 4.91 8.76 11.91
Nova Scotia 0.40 0.87 2.76 3.16 0.96 0.47 0.39 0.38 0.47 0.46 1.15 1.46 1.15
New Brunswick 0.50 0.39 1.08 1.75 0.46 0.57 0.47 0.59 0.63 0.60 1.69 1.27 1.23
Quebec 0.67 1.11 5.08 4.52 4.28 16.06 0.66 0.60 0.60 0.52 0.28 1.07 0.51
Ontario 0.24 0.99 2.56 2.99 2.64 1.24 0.88 0.24 0.28 0.32 0.21 0.78 0.30
Manitoba 0.46 0.45 1.21 2.59 0.67 0.81 0.43 0.44 0.77 0.82 0.52 1.79 1.15
Saskatchewan 0.52 0.46 1.22 0.88 0.61 10.59 0.96 0.81 1.56 1.28 0.76 1.60 1.49
Alberta 0.33 0.81 3.06 4.31 0.45 2.28 0.66 0.39 0.46 0.38 0.74 0.64 1.41
British Columbia 0.56 0.99 1.88 2.78 0.79 1.62 0.34 0.37 0.44 0.35 0.28 0.73 0.63
Yukon Territory 1.96 3.01 65.36 2.72 1.85 2.87 4.89 2.17 3.29 18.98 12.43 4.82 27.09
Northwest Territories 1.83 2.93 74.26 3.73 1.86 3.13 5.75 2.31 3.93 25.20 5.08 6.07 34.38
Nunavut 2.39 2.67 3.88 4.83 1.27 84.13 2.88 3.60 5.47 4.22 2.63 11.64 3.57

Statistics Canada and Mila partner to advance ethical artificial intelligence and machine learning development

May 3, 2022

Statistics Canada is proud to announce a new partnership with Mila, the world’s largest academic research centre in deep learning (DL). By joining Mila’s diversified community, Statistics Canada will be able to access a broader artificial intelligence (AI) ecosystem and partnership toolbox, effectively accelerating Statistics Canada’s ethical AI and ML research.

“Data science is a team sport and this partnership allows us to collectively grow our respective teams’ knowledge in these crucial research areas,” said Chief Statistician of Canada Anil Arora. “As a trusted data science leader, Statistics Canada works on the cutting-edge of artificial intelligence and machine learning projects. This new partnership supports our commitment to modernization as we continue to look for areas for improvement. It will also help us to maintain our position as a global leader in official statistics and deliver better services to Canadians.”

Mila, a Montreal-based non-profit organization, is internationally recognized for its significant contributions in the areas of language modelling, machine translation, object recognition and generative models. Building relationships with Mila’s community of 900 researchers will allow Statistics Canada to hear perspectives from a variety of peers and to collaborate with like-minded communities of practice. It will also offer Statistics Canada unique access to a growing pool of domestic and global talent.

“Mila’s partnership with Statistics Canada provides an exciting opportunity to combine our expertise and explore specific ML and AI challenges,” said Stéphane Létourneau, Executive Vice President of Mila. “Mila’s research community works daily towards the democratization of machine learning and the development of responsible AI. We are thrilled to continue these efforts alongside our new partner.”

Arora added the partnership will allow Statistics Canada to have direct access to up-and-coming experts in the field. “Being able to tap into that expertise, collaborate on projects, and discover what the next generation of leading AI and ML researchers are developing is a tremendous upside for the agency.”

Contacts

Media Relations
Statistics Canada
statcan.mediahotline-ligneinfomedias.statcan@statcan.gc.ca

Media Relations
Mila
medias@mila.quebec

Analytical Guide - Canadian Perspectives Survey Series 6: Substance Use and Stigma during the Pandemic

1.0 Description

The Canadian Perspectives Survey Series (CPSS) is a set of short, online surveys beginning in March 2020 that will be used to collect information on the knowledge and behaviours of residents of the 10 Canadian provinces. All surveys in the series will be asked of Statistics Canada's probability panel. The probability panel for the CPSS is a new pilot project initiated in 2019. An important goal of the CPSS is to directly collect data from Canadians in a timely manner in order to inform policy makers and be responsive to emerging data needs. The CPSS is designed to produce data at a national level (excluding the territories).

The survey program is sponsored by Statistics Canada. Each survey in the CPSS is cross sectional. Participating in the probability panel and the subsequent surveys of the CPSS is voluntary.

The sixth survey of the CPSS is CPSS6 – Substance Use and Stigma during the Pandemic. It was administered from January 25, 2021 until January 31, 2021.

Any questions about the survey, the survey series, the data or its use should be directed to:

Statistics Canada
Client Services
Centre for Social Data Integration and Development
Telephone: 613-951-3321 or call toll-free 1-800-461-9050
Fax: 613-951-4527
E-mail: statcan.csdidclientservice-ciddsservicealaclientele.statcan@canada.ca

2.0 Survey methodology

Target and survey population

The target population for the Canadian Perspectives Survey Series (CPSS) is residents of the 10 Canadian provinces 15 years of age or older.

The frame for surveys of the CPSS is Statistics Canada's pilot probability panel. The probability panel was created by randomly selecting a subset of the Labour Force Survey (LFS) respondents. Therefore the survey population is that of the LFS, with the exception that full-time members of the Canadian Armed Forces are included. Excluded from the survey's coverage are: persons living on reserves and other Aboriginal settlements in the provinces; the institutionalized population, and households in extremely remote areas with very low population density. These groups together represent an exclusion of less than 2% of the Canadian population aged 15 and over.

The LFS sample is drawn from an area frame and is based on a stratified, multi-stage design that uses probability sampling. The LFS uses a rotating panel sample design. In the provinces, selected dwellings remain in the LFS sample for six consecutive months. Each month about one-sixth of the LFS sampled dwellings are in their first month of the survey, one-sixth are in their second month of the survey, and so on. These six independent samples are called rotation groups.

For the probability panel used for the CPSS, four rotation groups from the LFS were used from the provinces: the rotation groups answering the LFS for the last time in April, May, June and July of 2019. From these households, one person aged 15+ was selected at random to participate in the CPSS - Sign-Up. These individuals were invited to Sign-Up for the CPSS. Those agreeing to join the CPSS were asked to provide an email address. Participants from the Sign-Up that provided valid email addresses formed the probability panel. The participation rate for the panel was approximately 23%. The survey population for all surveys of the CPSS is the probability panel participants. Participants of the panel are 15 years or older as of July 31, 2019.

Sample Design and Size

The sample design for surveys of the CPSS is based on the sample design of the CPSS – Sign-Up, the method used to create the pilot probability panel. The raw sample for the CPSS – Sign-Up had 31,896 randomly selected people aged 15+ from responding LFS households completing their last interview of the LFS in April to July of 2019. Of these people, 31,626 were in-scope at the time of collection for the CPSS - Sign-Up in January to March 2020. Of people agreeing to participate in the CPSS, that is, those joining the panel, 7,242 had a valid email address. All panel participants are invited to complete the surveys of the CPSS.

Sample Design and Size
Stages of the Sample n
Raw sample for the CPSS – Sign-Up 31,896
In-scope Units from the CPSS – Sign-Up 31,628
Panelists for the CPSS (with valid email addresses) 7,242
Raw sample for surveys of the CPSS 7,242

3.0 Data collection

CPSS – Sign-Up

The CPSS- Sign-Up survey used to create Statistics Canada's probability panel was conducted from January 15th, 2020 until March 15th, 2020. Initial contact was made through a mailed letter to the selected sample. The letter explained the purpose of the CPSS and invited respondents to go online, using their Secure Access Code to complete the Sign-Up form. Respondents opting out of joining the panel were asked their main reason for not participating. Those joining the panel were asked to verify basic demographic information and to provide a valid email address. Nonresponse follow-up for the CPSS-Sign-Up had a mixed mode approach. Additional mailed reminders were sent to encourage sampled people to respond. As well, email reminders (where an email address was available) and Computer Assisted Telephone Interview (CATI) nonresponse follow-up was conducted.

The application included a standard set of response codes to identify all possible outcomes. The application was tested prior to use to ensure that only valid question responses could be entered and that all question flows would be correctly followed. These measures ensured that the response data were already "clean" at the end of the collection process.

Interviewers followed a standard approach used for many StatCan surveys in order to introduce the agency. Selected persons were told that their participation in the survey was voluntary, and that their information would remain strictly confidential.

CPSS6 – Substance Use and Stigma during the Pandemic

All participants of the pilot panel for the CPSS, minus those who opted out after previous iterations of CPSS, were sent an email invitation with a link to the CPSS6 and a Secure Access Code to complete the survey online. Collection for the survey began on January 25th, 2021. Reminder emails were sent on January 26th, January 28th and January 30th. The application remained open until January 31, 2021.

3.1 Disclosure control

Statistics Canada is prohibited by law from releasing any data which would divulge information obtained under the Statistics Act that relates to any identifiable person, business or organization without the prior knowledge or the consent in writing of that person, business or organization. Various confidentiality rules are applied to all data that are released or published to prevent the publication or disclosure of any information deemed confidential. If necessary, data are suppressed to prevent direct or residual disclosure of identifiable data.

4.0 Data quality

Survey errors come from a variety of different sources. They can be classified into two main categories: non-sampling errors and sampling errors.

4.1 Non-sampling errors

Non-sampling errors can be defined as errors arising during the course of virtually all survey activities, apart from sampling. They are present in both sample surveys and censuses (unlike sampling error, which is only present in sample surveys). Non-sampling errors arise primarily from the following sources: nonresponse, coverage, measurement and processing.

4.1.1 Nonresponse

Nonresponse errors result from a failure to collect complete information on all units in the selected sample.

Nonresponse produces errors in the survey estimates in two ways. Firstly, non-respondents often have different characteristics from respondents, which can result in biased survey estimates if nonresponse bias is not fully corrected through weighting. Secondly, it reduces the effective size of the sample, since fewer units than expected answered the survey. As a result, the sampling variance increases and the precision of the estimate decreases. The response rate is calculated as follows:

[Responding units / (Selected units – out-of-scope units)] × 100%

The following table summarizes the response rates experienced for the CPSS6 – Substance Use and Stigma during the Pandemic. Response rates are broken down into two stages. Table 4.1.1a shows the take-up rates to the panel in the CPSS- Sign-Up and Table 4.1.1b shows the collection response rates for the survey CPSS6 – Substance Use and Stigma during the Pandemic.

Table 4.1.1a Participation in the Pilot Probability Panel for the CPSS – Sign-Up
  Stages of the Sample for the CPSS – Sign-Up
Raw sample for the CPSS – Sign-Up In-scope Units from the CPSS – Sign-Up Panelists for the CPSS (with valid email addresses) Participation Rate for the Panel for CPSS
n 31,896 31,628 7,242 22.9%
Table 4.1.1b Response Rates for the CPSS6 – Substance Use and Stigma during the Pandemic
  Stages of the Sample for the CPSS6 – Substance Use and Stigma during the Pandemic
Panelists for the CPSS (with valid email addresses) Respondents of CPSS6 – Substance Use and Stigma during the Pandemic Collection Response Rate for CPSS6 – Substance Use and Stigma during the Pandemic Cumulative Response Rate
n 7,242 3,941 54.4% 12.5%

As shown in Table 4.1.1b, the collection response rate for the CPSS6 – Substance Use and Stigma during the Pandemic is 54.4%. However, when nonparticipation in the panel is factored in, the cumulative response rate to the survey is 12.5%. This cumulative response rate is lower than the typical response rates observed in social surveys conducted at Statistics Canada. This is due to the two stages of nonresponse (or participation) and other factors such as the single mode used for surveys of the CPSS (emailed survey invitations with a link to the survey for online self-completion), respondent fatigue from prior LFS response, the inability of the offline population to participate, etc.

Given the additional nonresponse experienced in the CPSS6 – Substance Use and Stigma during the Pandemic, there is an increased risk of bias due to respondents being different than non-respondents. For this reason, a small bias study was conducted. Please see Section 6.0 for the results of this validation.

4.1.2 Coverage errors

Coverage errors consist of omissions, erroneous inclusions, duplications and misclassifications of units in the survey frame. Since they affect every estimate produced by the survey, they are one of the most important types of error; in the case of a census they may be the main source of error. Coverage errors may cause a bias in the estimates and the effect can vary for different sub-groups of the population. This is a very difficult error to measure or quantify accurately.

For the CPSS, the population covered are those aged 15+ as of July 31, 2019. Since collection of the CPSS6 – Substance Use and Stigma during the Pandemic was conducted from January 25th – 31st, 2021, there is an undercoverage of residents of the 10 provinces that turned 15 since July 31, 2019. There is also undercoverage of those without internet access. This undercoverage is greater amongst those age 65 years and older.

4.1.3 Measurement errors

Measurement errors (sometimes referred to as response errors) occur when the response provided differs from the real value; such errors may be attributable to the respondent, the questionnaire, the collection method or the respondent's record-keeping system. Such errors may be random or they may result in a systematic bias if they are not random. It is very costly to accurately measure the level of response error and very few surveys conduct a post-survey evaluation.

4.1.4 Processing errors

Processing errors are the errors associated with activities conducted once survey responses have been received. It includes all data handling activities after collection and prior to estimation. Like all other errors, they can be random in nature, and inflate the variance of the survey's estimates, or systematic, and introduce bias. It is difficult to obtain direct measures of processing errors and their impact on data quality especially since they are mixed in with other types of errors (nonresponse, measurement and coverage).

4.2 Sampling errors

Sampling errors are defined as the errors that result from estimating a population characteristic by measuring a portion of the population rather than the entire population. For probability sample surveys, methods exist to calculate sampling error. These methods derive directly from the sample design and method of estimation used by the survey.

The most commonly used measure to quantify sampling error is sampling variance. Sampling variance measures the extent to which the estimate of a characteristic from different possible samples of the same size and the same design differ from one another. For sample designs that use probability sampling, the magnitude of an estimate's sampling variance can be estimated.

Factors affecting the magnitude of the sampling variance for a given sample size include:

  1. The variability of the characteristic of interest in the population: the more variable the characteristic in the population, the larger the sampling variance.
  2. The size of the population: in general, the size of the population only has an impact on the sampling variance for small to moderate sized populations.
  3. The response rate: the sampling variance increases as the sample size decreases. Since non-respondents effectively decrease the size of the sample, nonresponse increases the sampling variance.
  4. The sample design and method of estimation: some sample designs are more efficient than others in the sense that, for the same sample size and method of estimation, one design can lead to smaller sampling variance than another.

The standard error of an estimator is the square root of its sampling variance. This measure is easier to interpret since it provides an indication of sampling error using the same scale as the estimate whereas the variance is based on squared differences.

The coefficient of variation (CV) is a relative measure of the sampling error. It is defined as the estimate of the standard error divided by the estimate itself, usually expressed as a percentage (10% instead of 0.1). It is very useful for measuring and comparing the sampling error of quantitative variables with large positive values. However, it is not recommended for estimates such as proportions, estimates of change or differences, and variables that can have negative values.

It is considered a best practice at Statistics Canada to report the sampling error of an estimate through its 95% confidence interval. The 95% confidence interval of an estimate means that if the survey were repeated over and over again, then 95% of the time (or 19 times out of 20), the confidence interval would cover the true population value.

5.0 Weighting

The principle behind estimation in a probability sample such as those of the CPSS, is that each person in the sample "represents", besides himself or herself, several other persons not in the sample. For example, in a simple random 2% sample of the population, each person in the sample represents 50 persons in the population. In the terminology used here, it can be said that each person has a weight of 50.

The weighting phase is a step that calculates, for each person, his or her associated sampling weight. This weight appears on the microdata file, and must be used to derive estimates representative of the target population from the survey. For example, if the number of individuals who smoke daily is to be estimated, it is done by selecting the records referring to those individuals in the sample having that characteristic and summing the weights entered on those records. The weighting phase is a step which calculates, for each record, what this number is. This section provides the details of the method used to calculate sampling weights for the CPSS6 – Substance Use and Stigma during the Pandemic.

The weighting of the sample for the CPSS6 – Substance Use and Stigma during the Pandemic has multiple stages to reflect the stages of sampling, participation and response to get the final set of respondents. The following sections cover the weighting steps to first create the panel weights, then the weighting steps to create the survey weights for CPSS6 – Substance Use and Stigma during the Pandemic.

5.1 Creating the Panel Weights

Four consecutive rotate-out samples of households from the LFS were the starting point to form the panel sample of the CPSS. Since households selected from the LFS samples are the starting point, the household weights from the LFS are the first step to calculating the panel weights.

5.1.1 Household weights

Calculation of the Household Design Weights – HHLD_W0, HHLD_W1

The initial panel weights are the LFS subweights (SUBWT). These are the LFS design weights adjusted for nonresponse but not yet calibrated to population control totals. These weights form the household design weight for the panel survey (HHLD_W0).

Since only four rotate-outs were used, instead of the six used in a complete LFS sample, these weights were adjusted by a factor of 6/4 to be representative. The weights after this adjustment were called HHLD_W1.

Calibration of the Household Weights – HHLD_W2

Calibration is a step to ensure that the sum of weights within a certain domain match projected demographic totals. The SUBWT from the LFS are not calibrated, thus HHLD_W1 are also not calibrated. The next step is to make sure the household weights add up to the control totals by household size. Calibration was performed on HHLD_W1 to match control totals by province and household size using the size groupings of 1, 2, or 3+.

5.1.2 Person Panel weights

Calculate Person Design Weights – PERS_W0

One person aged 15 or older per household was selected for the CPSS – Sign-Up, the survey used to create the probability panel. The design person weight is obtained by multiplying HHLD_W2 by the number of eligible people in the dwelling (i.e. number of people aged 15 years and over).

Removal of Out of Scope Units – PERS_W1

Some units were identified as being out-of-scope during the CPSS – Sign-Up. These units were given a weight of PERS_W1 = 0. For all other units, PERS_W1 = PERS_W0. Persons with a weight of 0 are subsequently removed from future weight adjustments.

Nonresponse/Nonparticipation Adjustment – PERS_W2

During collection of the CPSS – Sign-Up, a certain proportion of sampled units inevitably resulted in nonresponse or nonparticipation in the panel. Weights of the nonresponding/nonparticipating units were redistributed to participating units. Units that did not participate in the panel had their weights redistributed to the participating units with similar characteristics within response homogeneity groups (RHGs).

Many variables from the LFS were available to build the RHG (such as employment status, education level, household composition) as well as information from the LFS collection process itself. The model was specified by province, as the variables chosen in the model could differ from one province to the other.

The following variables were kept in the final logistic regression model: education_lvl (education level variable with 10 categories), nameissueflag (a flag created to identify respondents not providing a valid name), elg_hhldsize (number of eligible people for selection in the household), age_grp (age group of the selected person), sex, kidsinhhld (an indicator to flag whether or not children are present in the household), marstat (marital status with 6 categories), cntrybth (an indicator if the respondent was born in Canada or not), lfsstat (labour force status of respondent with 3 categories), nocs1 (the first digit of National Occupational Classification code of the respondent if employed, with 10 categories), and dwelrent (an indicator of whether the respondent dwelling is owned or rented). RHGs were formed within provinces. An adjustment factor was calculated within each response group as follows:

Sum of weights of respondents and nonrespondents / Sum of weights of respondents

The weights of the respondents were multiplied by this factor to produce the PERS_W2 weights, adjusted for panel nonparticipation. The nonparticipating units were dropped from the panel.

5.2 Creating the CPSS6 weights

Surveys of the CPSS start with the sample created from the panel participants. The panel is comprised of 7,242 individuals, each with the nonresponse adjusted weight of PERS_W2.

Calculation of the Design Weights – WT_DSGN

The design weight is the person weight adjusted for nonresponse calculated for the panel participants (PERS_W2). No out-of-scope units were identified during the survey collection of CPSS6 – Substance Use and Stigma during the Pandemic. Since all units were in-scope, WT_DSGN =PERS_W2 and no units were dropped.

Nonresponse Adjustment – WT_NRA

Given that the sample for CPSS was formed by people having agreed to participate in a web panel, the response rates to the survey were relatively high. Additionally, the panel was designed to produce estimates at a national level, so sample sizes by province were not overly large. As a result, nonresponse was fairly uniform in many provinces. The RHGs were formed by some combination of age group, sex, education level, rental status, LFS status, whether or not children are present in the household, marital status and the first digit of the National Occupational Classification (NOC) code for respondents who are employed. An adjustment factor was calculated within each response group as follows:

Sum of weights of respondents and nonrespondents / Sum of weights of respondents

The weights of the respondents were multiplied by this factor to produce the WT_NRA weights, adjusted for survey response. The nonresponding units were dropped from the survey.

Calibration of Person-Level Weights – WT_FINL

Control totals were computed using LFS demography projection data. During calibration, an adjustment factor is calculated and applied to the survey weights. This adjustment is made such that the weighted sums match the control totals. Most social surveys calibrate the person level weights to control totals by sex, age group and province. For CPSS6, calibration by province was not possible, since there were very few respondents in some categories in the Atlantic and Prairie Provinces. In addition, there were very small counts for male respondents aged 15 to 24 in the Atlantic Provinces. For this reason, the control totals used for CPSS6 – Substance use and stigma during the pandemic were by age group and sex by geographic region, where the youngest age group for males in the Atlantic region was collapsed with the second youngest age group. The next section will include recommendations for analysis by geographic region and age group.

5.3 Bootstrap Weights

Bootstrap weights were created for the panel and the CPSS6 – Substance Use and Stigma during the Pandemic survey respondents. The LFS bootstrap weights were the initial weights and all weight adjustments applied to the survey weights were also applied to the bootstrap weights.

6.0 Quality of the CPSS and Survey Verifications

The probability panel created for the CPSS is a pilot project started in 2019 by Statistics Canada. While the panel offers the ability to collect data quickly, by leveraging a set of respondents that have previously agreed to participate in multiple short online surveys, and for whom an email address is available to expedite survey collection, some aspects of the CPSS design put the resulting data at a greater risk of bias. The participation rate for the panel is lower than typically experienced in social surveys conducted by Statistics Canada which increases the potential nonresponse bias. Furthermore, since the surveys of the CPSS are all self-complete online surveys, people without internet access do not have the means to participate in the CPSS and therefore are not covered.

When the unweighted panel was compared to the original sample targeted to join the panel, in particular there was an underrepresentation of those aged 15-24, those aged 65 and older, and those with less than a high school degree. These differences were expected due to the nature of the panel and the experience of international examples of probability panels. Using LFS responding households as the frame for the panel was by design in order to leverage the available LFS information to correct for the underrepresentation and overrepresentation experienced in the panel. The nonresponse adjustments performed in the weighting adjustments of the panel and the survey respondents utilised the available information to ensure the weights of nonresponding/nonparticipating units went to similar responding units. Furthermore, calibration to age and sex totals helped to adjust for the underrepresentation by age group.

Table 6.1 shows the slippage rates by certain domains post-calibration of CPSS6 – Substance Use and Stigma during the Pandemic. The slippage rate is calculated by comparing the sum of weights in the domain to that of the control total based off of demographic projections. A positive slippage rate means the sample has an over-count for that domain. A negative slippage rate means the survey has an under-count for that domain. Based on the results shown in Tables 6.1 and 6.2, it is recommended to only use the data at the geographical levels and age groups where there is no slippage. That is nationally, by geographic region (Maritime Provinces, Quebec, Ontario, Prairie Provinces, and British Columbia), and by the four oldest age groups.

Table 6.1 Slippage rates by geographic region
Area Domain n Slippage Rate
Geography CanadaTable 6.1 note 1 3,941 0%
Newfoundland and Labrador 111 -9.6%
Prince Edward Island 86 18.3%
Nova Scotia 224 2.2%
New Brunswick 169 0.1%
Quebec 653 0%
Ontario 1,170 0%
Manitoba 315 -3.0%
Saskatchewan 270 -3.0%
Alberta 424 1.7%
British Columbia 519 0%
Table 6.1 note 1

Based on the 10 provinces; territories are excluded.

Return to table 6.1 note 1 referrer

Table 6.2 Slippage rates by age group
Area Domain n Slippage Rate
Age Group 15-24 193 3.1%
25-34 445 -2.7%
35-44 629 0%
45-54 654 0%
55-64 917 0%
65+ 1,103 0%

After the collection of CPSS6 – Substance Use and Stigma during the Pandemic, a small study was conducted to assess the potential bias due to the lower response rates and the undercoverage of the population not online. The LFS data was used to produce weighted estimates for the in-scope sample targeted to join the probability panel (using the weights and sample from PERS_W1). The same data was used to produce weighted estimates based on the set of respondents from the CPSS6 survey and the weights WT_FINL. The two set of estimates were compared and are shown in Table 6.3. The significant differences are highlighted.

Table 6.3 Changes in estimates due to nonparticipation in the CPSS and the COVID-19 survey
Subject Recoded variables from 2019 LFS Estimate for in-scope population (n=31,628) Estimate for W6 of CPSS (n=3,941) % Point Difference
Education Less than High School 15.5% 13.4% 2.1%
High School no higher certification 25.9% 25.5% 0.4%
Post-secondary certificationTable 6.3 note 1 58.6% 61.1% -2.4%
Labour Force Status Employed 61.2% 61.7% -0.6%
Unemployed 3.4% 3.3% 0.1%
Not in Labour Force 35.3% 34.9% 0.4%
Country of Birth CanadaTable 6.3 note 1 71.7% 75.4% -3.7%
Marital Status Married/Common-law 60.4% 60.6% -0.2%
Divorced, separated, widowed 12.8% 12.1% 0.6%
Single, never married 26.9% 27.2% -0.4%
Kids Presence of childrenTable 6.3 note 1 31.7% 34.5% -2.8%
Household Size Single person 14.4% 14.4% 0.1%
Two person HH 34.8% 36.6% -1.8%
Three or more people 18.4% 19.4% -1.1%
Eligible people for panel One eligible person aged 15+ 15.9% 16.1% -0.2%
Two eligible peopleTable 6.3 note 1 49.3% 52.1% -2.8%
Three or more eligible peopleTable 6.3 note 1 34.8% 31.8% 3.1%
Dwelling Apartment 12.1% 12.3% -0.2%
Rented 24.8% 24.1% 0.7%
Occupational Code Management occupations (NOC0) 6.0% 5.8% 0.2%
Business Finance and Administration (NOC1) 10.7% 11.3% -0.6%
Natural and Applied Sciences and related occupations (NOC2)Table 6.3 note 1 5.2% 7.0% -1.8%
Health Occupations (NOC3) 4.7% 4.3% 0.4%
Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services (NOC4) 7.6% 8.3% -0.7%
Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sports (NOC5) 2.5% 3.2% -0.7%
Sales and service occupations (NOC6) 16.6% 16.1% 0.5%
Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations (NOC7) 9.6% 9.0% 0.6%
Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations (NOC8)Table 6.3 note 1 1.6% 0.9% 0.7%
Occupations in manufacturing and utilities (NOC9) 2.9% 2.6% 0.4%
Table 6.3 note 1

Estimates that are significantly different at α=5%.

Return to the first table 6.3 note 1 referrer

While many estimates do not show significant change, the significant differences show that some bias remains in the CPSS6 – Substance use and stigma during the pandemic. There is an underrepresentation of those where there were three or more eligible participants for the panel and of people working in NOCS8. And there is an overrepresentation of those with a post-secondary certification, of people born in Canada, of people working in NOC2, of households where there were two eligible participants for the panel, and of households with children. These small differences should be kept in mind when using the CPSS6 – Substance use and stigma during the pandemic survey data. Investigation about differences in estimates is ongoing, and as evidence of differences are identified, strategies are being tested to improve the methodology from one wave of the survey to the next.

Why do we conduct this survey?

This survey collects financial data from the Canadian Level IV air carriers. This information is used to determine if a carrier has reached the revenue threshold required to qualify for reporting Level III. The data are also used by various government departments for statistical and research purposes.

Your information may also be used by Statistics Canada for other statistical and research purposes.

Your participation in this survey is required under the authority of the Statistics Act.

Other important information

Authorization to collect this information

Data are collected under the authority of the Statistics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, Chapter S-19.

Confidentiality

By law, Statistics Canada is prohibited from releasing any information it collects that could identify any person, business or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent, or as permitted by the Statistics Act. Statistics Canada will use the information from this survey for statistical purposes only.

Record linkages

To enhance the data from this survey and to reduce the response burden, Statistics Canada may combine the acquired data with information from other surveys or from administrative sources.

Data-sharing agreements

To reduce respondent burden, Statistics Canada has entered into data-sharing agreements under Section 12 of the Statistics Act with Natural Resources Canada, Transport Canada and the Canadian Transportation Agency. Statistics Canada will only share data from this survey with those organizations that have demonstrated a requirement to use the data.

Under Section 12 of the Statistics Act, respondents can object to the sharing of information with other organizations. However, respondents do not have the right of refusal with respect to sharing the data with Transport Canada. Transport Canada has the legislative authority to collect and use this information pursuant to the Canada Transportation Act (CTA) and the Transportation Information Regulations.

Respondents may refuse to share their information with Natural Resources Canada and the Canadian Transportation Agency by writing a letter of objection to the Chief Statistician, and mailing it to the following address. These organizations have agreed to keep the data confidential and use them only for statistical purposes.

Chief Statistician of Canada
Statistics Canada
Attention of Director, Enterprise Statistics Division
150 Tunney's Pasture Driveway
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0T6

You may also contact us by email at statcan.esd-helpdesk-dse-bureaudedepannage.statcan@canada.ca or by fax at 613-951-6583.

Business or organization and contact information

1. Verify or provide the business or organization’s legal and operating name, and correct information if needed.

Note: Legal name should only be modified to correct a spelling error or typo.

Legal name

The legal name is one recognized by law, thus it is the name liable for pursuit or for debts incurred by the business or organization. In the case of a corporation, it is the legal name as fixed by its charter or the statute by which the corporation was created.

Modifications to the legal name should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

To indicate a legal name of another legal entity you should instead indicate it in question 3 by selecting 'Not currently operational' and then choosing the applicable reason and providing the legal name of this other entity along with any other requested information.

Operating name

The operating name is a name the business or organization is commonly known as if different from its legal name. The operating name is synonymous with trade name.

  • Legal name:
  • Operating name (if applicable):

2. Verify or provide the contact information for the designated contact person for the business or organization, and correct information if needed.

Note: The designated contact person is the person who should receive this questionnaire. The designated contact person may not always be the one who actually completes the questionnaire.

  • First name:
  • Last name:
  • Title:
  • Preferred language of communication:
    • English
    • French
  • Mailing address (number and street):
  • City:
  • Province, territory or state:
  • Postal code or ZIP code:
  • Country:
    • Canada
    • United States
  • Email address:
  • Telephone number (including area code):
  • Extension number (if applicable):
  • Fax number (including area code):

3. Verify or provide the current operational status of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

  • Operational
  • Not currently operational - e.g., temporarily or permanently closed, change of ownership
    Why is this business or organization not currently operational?
    • Seasonal operations
      • When did this business or organization close for the season?
        • Date
      • When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
        • Date
    • Ceased operations
      • When did this business or organization cease operations?
        • Date
      • Why did this business or organization cease operations?
        • Bankruptcy
        • Liquidation
        • Dissolution
        • Other - Specify the other reasons why operations ceased
    • Sold operations
      • When was this business or organization sold?
        • Date
      • What is the legal name of the buyer?
    • Amalgamated with other businesses or organizations
      • When did this business or organization amalgamate?
        • Date
      • What is the legal name of the resulting or continuing business or organization?
      • What are the legal names of the other amalgamated businesses or organizations?
    • Temporarily inactive but will reopen
      • When did this business or organization become temporarily inactive?
        • Date
      • When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
        • Date
      • Why is this business or organization temporarily inactive?
    • No longer operating because of other reasons
      • When did this business or organization cease operations?
        • Date
      • Why did this business or organization cease operations?

4. Verify or provide the current main activity of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

Note: The described activity was assigned using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

This question verifies the business or organization's current main activity as classified by the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) is an industry classification system developed by the statistical agencies of Canada, Mexico and the United States. Created against the background of the North American Free Trade Agreement, it is designed to provide common definitions of the industrial structure of the three countries and a common statistical framework to facilitate the analysis of the three economies. NAICS is based on supply-side or production-oriented principles, to ensure that industrial data, classified to NAICS , are suitable for the analysis of production-related issues such as industrial performance.

The target entity for which NAICS is designed are businesses and other organizations engaged in the production of goods and services. They include farms, incorporated and unincorporated businesses and government business enterprises. They also include government institutions and agencies engaged in the production of marketed and non-marketed services, as well as organizations such as professional associations and unions and charitable or non-profit organizations and the employees of households.

The associated NAICS should reflect those activities conducted by the business or organizational units targeted by this questionnaire only, as identified in the 'Answering this questionnaire' section and which can be identified by the specified legal and operating name. The main activity is the activity which most defines the targeted business or organization's main purpose or reason for existence. For a business or organization that is for-profit, it is normally the activity that generates the majority of the revenue for the entity.

The NAICS classification contains a limited number of activity classifications; the associated classification might be applicable for this business or organization even if it is not exactly how you would describe this business or organization's main activity.

Please note that any modifications to the main activity through your response to this question might not necessarily be reflected prior to the transmitting of subsequent questionnaires and as a result they may not contain this updated information.

The following is the detailed description including any applicable examples or exclusions for the classification currently associated with this business or organization.

Description and examples

  • This is the current main activity
  • This is not the current main activity

Provide a brief but precise description of this business or organization's main activity:
e.g., breakfast cereal manufacturing, shoe store, software development

Main activity

5. You indicated that (activity) is not the current main activity. Was this business or organization's main activity ever classified as: (activity)?

  • Yes
    When did the main activity change?
    Date:
  • No

6. Search and select the industry classification code that best corresponds to this business or organization's main activity.

How to search:

  • if desired, you can filter the search results by first selecting the business or organization’s activity sector
  • enter keywords or a brief description that best describe the business or organization’s main activity
  • press the Search button to search the database for an activity that best matches the keywords or description you provided
  • select an activity from the list.

Select this business or organization's activity sector (optional)

  • Farming or logging operation
  • Construction company or general contractor
  • Manufacturer
  • Wholesaler
  • Retailer
  • Provider of passenger or freight transportation
  • Provider of investment, savings or insurance products
  • Real estate agency, real estate brokerage or leasing company
  • Provider of professional, scientific or technical services
  • Provider of health care or social services
  • Restaurant, bar, hotel, motel or other lodging establishment
  • Other sector

Enter keywords or a brief description, then press the Search button

Reporting period information

1. What are the start and end dates of this business's or organization's most recently completed fiscal year?

For this survey, the end date should fall between April 1, 2021 and March 31, 2022.

Here are twelve common fiscal periods that fall within the targeted dates:

  • May 1, 2020 to April 30, 2021
  • June 1, 2020 to May 31, 2021
  • July 1, 2020 to June 30, 2021
  • August 1, 2020 to July 31, 2021
  • September 1, 2020 to August 31, 2021
  • October 1, 2020 to September 30, 2021
  • November 1, 2020 to October 31, 2021
  • December 1, 2020 to November 30, 2021
  • January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021
  • February 1, 2021 to January 31, 2022
  • March 1, 2021 to February 28, 2022
  • April 1, 2021 to March 31, 2022.

Here are other examples of fiscal periods that fall within the required dates:

  • September 18, 2020 to September 15, 2021 ( e.g., floating year-end)
  • June 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021 ( e.g., a newly opened business).

Fiscal year start date:

Fiscal year-end date:

2. What is the reason the reporting period does not cover a full year?

Select all that apply.

  • Seasonal operations
  • New business
  • Change of ownership
  • Temporarily inactive
  • Change of fiscal year
  • Ceased operations
  • Other
    Specify reason the reporting period does not cover a full year:

Statement of Revenues, Annual - Statement 21 (IV)

1. For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD , what was the operating revenue earned by this business?

Report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Scheduled services

Transportation of passengers or goods, or both, by an aircraft provided by an air carrier that operates the air service and that, directly or indirectly, sells some or all of its seats or part or all of its cargo space to the public on a price per seat, price per unit of mass or price per volume of cargo basis.

Charter services

Transportation of passengers or goods, or both, by aircraft pursuant to a contract under which a person, other than the air carrier that operates the air service, or its agent, reserves a block of seats or part of the cargo space of an aircraft for the person's use or for resale to the public.

Include air ambulance service and the movement of people and goods to logging or heli-logging sites.

Exclude firefighting and heli-logging activities and the movement of people and goods to a firefighting site. (A complete list of activities which are specialty and therefore not subject to filing requirements as charter can be found in the Transport Canada document entitled "Starting a Commercial Air Service", TP 8880.)

Fixed wing

Means a power-driven, heavier-than-air aircraft, deriving its lift in flight chiefly from aerodynamic reactions on surfaces which remain fixed. An aircraft having wings fixed to the airplane fuselage and outspread in flight - that is non-rotating wings.

Helicopter

Means a rotary wing, heavier-than-air aircraft, supported in flight chiefly by the reactions of the air on one or more power-driven rotors on substantially vertical axes. A helicopter does not have conventional fixed wings, nor is it provided with a conventional propeller for forward thrust.

Total operating revenue

Include revenue from air transportation services (for example, transportation of passengers, transportation of goods and other flight-related revenue [such as flying training, recreational flying and other specialty flying]) and all other sources.

For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD , what was the operating revenue earned by this business?
  CAN$ '000
O scope="row"perating revenue
Include scheduled and charter services.
 
a. Fixed wing services  
b. Helicopter services  
Total operating revenue  

Changes or events

1. Indicate any changes or events that affected the reported values for this business or organization, compared with the last reporting period.

Select all that apply.

  • Strike or lock-out
  • Exchange rate impact
  • Price changes in goods or services sold
  • Contracting out
  • Organizational change
  • Price changes in labour or raw materials
  • Natural disaster
  • Recession
  • Change in product line
  • Sold business or business units
  • Expansion
  • New or lost contract
  • Plant closures
  • Acquisition of business or business units
  • Other
    Specify the other changes or events:
  • No change or event

Contact person

1. Statistics Canada may need to contact the person who completed this questionnaire for further information. Is ([Provided Given Names]) , ([Provided Family Name]) the best person to contact?

  • Yes
  • No

Who is the best person to contact about this questionnaire?

  • First name:
  • Last name:
  • Title:
  • Email address:
  • Telephone number (including area code):
  • Extension number (if applicable):
  • Fax number (including area code):

Feedback

1. How long did it take to complete this questionnaire?

Include the time spent gathering the necessary information.

  • Hours:
  • Minutes:

2. Do you have any comments about this questionnaire?

Enter your comments

Why do we conduct this survey?

This survey collects financial and operational data from the Canadian Level lll air carriers needed to measure the growth, the performance and the long-term financial position of the airline industry. The information is also used by Statistics Canada as input to the Canadian System of National Accounts and by individual carriers for measuring company performance relative to groups of competitors.

Your information may also be used by Statistics Canada for other statistical and research purposes.

Your participation in this survey is required under the authority of the Statistics Act.

Other important information

Authorization to collect this information

Data are collected under the authority of the Statistics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, Chapter S-19.

Confidentiality

By law, Statistics Canada is prohibited from releasing any information it collects that could identify any person, business or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent, or as permitted by the Statistics Act. Statistics Canada will use the information from this survey for statistical purposes only.

Record linkages

To enhance the data from this survey and to reduce the response burden, Statistics Canada may combine the acquired data with information from other surveys or from administrative sources.

Data-sharing agreements

To reduce respondent burden, Statistics Canada has entered into data-sharing agreements under Section 12 of the Statistics Act with Natural Resources Canada, Transport Canada and the Canadian Transportation Agency. Statistics Canada will only share data from this survey with those organizations that have demonstrated a requirement to use the data.

Under Section 12 of the Statistics Act, respondents can object to the sharing of information with other organizations. However, respondents do not have the right of refusal with respect to sharing the data with Transport Canada. Transport Canada has the legislative authority to collect and use this information pursuant to the Canada Transportation Act (CTA) and the Transportation Information Regulations.

Respondents may refuse to share their information with Natural Resources Canada and the Canadian Transportation Agency by writing a letter of objection to the Chief Statistician, and mailing it to the following address. These organizations have agreed to keep the data confidential and use them only for statistical purposes.

Chief Statistician of Canada
Statistics Canada
Attention of Director, Enterprise Statistics Division
150 Tunney's Pasture Driveway
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0T6

You may also contact us by email at statcan.esd-helpdesk-dse-bureaudedepannage.statcan@canada.ca or by fax at 613-951-6583.

Business or organization and contact information

1. Verify or provide the business or organization’s legal and operating name, and correct information if needed.

Note: Legal name should only be modified to correct a spelling error or typo.

Legal name

The legal name is one recognized by law, thus it is the name liable for pursuit or for debts incurred by the business or organization. In the case of a corporation, it is the legal name as fixed by its charter or the statute by which the corporation was created.

Modifications to the legal name should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

To indicate a legal name of another legal entity you should instead indicate it in question 3 by selecting 'Not currently operational' and then choosing the applicable reason and providing the legal name of this other entity along with any other requested information.

Operating name

The operating name is a name the business or organization is commonly known as if different from its legal name. The operating name is synonymous with trade name.

  • Legal name:
  • Operating name (if applicable):

2. Verify or provide the contact information for the designated contact person for the business or organization, and correct information if needed.

Note: The designated contact person is the person who should receive this questionnaire. The designated contact person may not always be the one who actually completes the questionnaire.

  • First name:
  • Last name:
  • Title:
  • Preferred language of communication:
    • English
    • French
  • Mailing address (number and street):
  • City:
  • Province, territory or state:
  • Postal code or ZIP code:
  • Country:
    • Canada
    • United States
  • Email address:
  • Telephone number (including area code):
  • Extension number (if applicable):
  • Fax number (including area code):

3. Verify or provide the current operational status of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

  • Operational
  • Not currently operational - e.g., temporarily or permanently closed, change of ownership
    Why is this business or organization not currently operational?
    • Seasonal operations
      • When did this business or organization close for the season?
        • Date
      • When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
        • Date
    • Ceased operations
      • When did this business or organization cease operations?
        • Date
      • Why did this business or organization cease operations?
        • Bankruptcy
        • Liquidation
        • Dissolution
        • Other - Specify the other reasons why operations ceased
    • Sold operations
      • When was this business or organization sold?
        • Date
      • What is the legal name of the buyer?
    • Amalgamated with other businesses or organizations
      • When did this business or organization amalgamate?
        • Date
      • What is the legal name of the resulting or continuing business or organization?
      • What are the legal names of the other amalgamated businesses or organizations?
    • Temporarily inactive but will reopen
      • When did this business or organization become temporarily inactive?
        • Date
      • When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
        • Date
      • Why is this business or organization temporarily inactive?
    • No longer operating because of other reasons
      • When did this business or organization cease operations?
        • Date
      • Why did this business or organization cease operations?

4. Verify or provide the current main activity of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

Note: The described activity was assigned using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

This question verifies the business or organization's current main activity as classified by the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) is an industry classification system developed by the statistical agencies of Canada, Mexico and the United States. Created against the background of the North American Free Trade Agreement, it is designed to provide common definitions of the industrial structure of the three countries and a common statistical framework to facilitate the analysis of the three economies. NAICS is based on supply-side or production-oriented principles, to ensure that industrial data, classified to NAICS , are suitable for the analysis of production-related issues such as industrial performance.

The target entity for which NAICS is designed are businesses and other organizations engaged in the production of goods and services. They include farms, incorporated and unincorporated businesses and government business enterprises. They also include government institutions and agencies engaged in the production of marketed and non-marketed services, as well as organizations such as professional associations and unions and charitable or non-profit organizations and the employees of households.

The associated NAICS should reflect those activities conducted by the business or organizational units targeted by this questionnaire only, as identified in the 'Answering this questionnaire' section and which can be identified by the specified legal and operating name. The main activity is the activity which most defines the targeted business or organization's main purpose or reason for existence. For a business or organization that is for-profit, it is normally the activity that generates the majority of the revenue for the entity.

The NAICS classification contains a limited number of activity classifications; the associated classification might be applicable for this business or organization even if it is not exactly how you would describe this business or organization's main activity.

Please note that any modifications to the main activity through your response to this question might not necessarily be reflected prior to the transmitting of subsequent questionnaires and as a result they may not contain this updated information.

The following is the detailed description including any applicable examples or exclusions for the classification currently associated with this business or organization.

Description and examples

  • This is the current main activity
  • This is not the current main activity

Provide a brief but precise description of this business or organization's main activity:
e.g., breakfast cereal manufacturing, shoe store, software development

Main activity

5. You indicated that (activity) is not the current main activity. Was this business or organization's main activity ever classified as: (activity)?

  • Yes
    When did the main activity change?
    Date:
  • No

6. Search and select the industry classification code that best corresponds to this business or organization's main activity.

How to search:

  • if desired, you can filter the search results by first selecting the business or organization’s activity sector
  • enter keywords or a brief description that best describe the business or organization’s main activity
  • press the Search button to search the database for an activity that best matches the keywords or description you provided
  • select an activity from the list.

Select this business or organization's activity sector (optional)

  • Farming or logging operation
  • Construction company or general contractor
  • Manufacturer
  • Wholesaler
  • Retailer
  • Provider of passenger or freight transportation
  • Provider of investment, savings or insurance products
  • Real estate agency, real estate brokerage or leasing company
  • Provider of professional, scientific or technical services
  • Provider of health care or social services
  • Restaurant, bar, hotel, motel or other lodging establishment
  • Other sector

Enter keywords or a brief description, then press the Search button

Reporting period information

1. What are the start and end dates of this business's or organization's most recently completed fiscal year?

For this survey, the end date should fall between April 1, 2021 and March 31, 2022.

Here are twelve common fiscal periods that fall within the targeted dates:

  • May 1, 2020 to April 30, 2021
  • June 1, 2020 to May 31, 2021
  • July 1, 2020 to June 30, 2021
  • August 1, 2020 to July 31, 20210
  • September 1, 2020 to August 31, 2021
  • October 1, 2020 to September 30, 2021
  • November 1, 2020 to October 31, 2021
  • December 1, 2020 to November 30, 2021
  • January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021
  • February 1, 2021 to January 31, 2022
  • March 1, 2021 to February 28, 2022
  • April 1, 2021 to March 31, 2022.

Here are other examples of fiscal periods that fall within the required dates:

  • September 18, 2020 to September 15, 2021 ( e.g., floating year-end)
  • June 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021 ( e.g., a newly opened business).

Fiscal year start date:

Fiscal year-end date:

2. What is the reason the reporting period does not cover a full year?

Select all that apply.

  • Seasonal operations
  • New business
  • Change of ownership
  • Temporarily inactive
  • Change of fiscal year
  • Ceased operations
  • Other
    Specify reason the reporting period does not cover a full year:

Balance Sheet, Annual - Statement 20 (II, III)

1. For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD, what were this business's assets and liabilities?

Report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Financial assets

Current assets

Include:

  • cash, bank balances (including deposits in transit, special deposits for the payments of debts, and so on) and short-term investments due within one year from the date of the balance sheet;
  • current accounts and notes receivable as well as other current assets such as inventories, charges to subscribers on transportation contracts, interests and dividends receivable, and so on.

All other financial assets – (Include investments and special funds.)

Include investments in associated companies, other investments such as investments in stocks, bonds, and so on, and special funds such as equipment purchase funds, funds set aside for such special purposes as contractual deposits, pension funds, self-insurance funds, and so on.

Property and equipment

Operating - property and equipment – (Include capital leases.)

Include:

  • ground property and equipment (including flight equipment) owned and/or under capital leases;
  • the cost of aircraft (airframes), aircraft engines, propellers, components (aircraft communication and navigational equipment) and spare parts that have been purchased outright;
  • the cost of non-airborne communication and meteorological equipment, ramp equipment, maintenance and engineering equipment, surface transport vehicles and equipment, furniture, fixtures and office equipment, buildings and land as well as miscellaneous ground equipment such as medical equipment, airport and lighting equipment, passenger service equipment, hotel, restaurant and food service equipment, storage and distribution equipment. Property and equipment under capital leases includes the cost of property and equipment under a capital or finance lease, in other words, a lease for a period considered to be the whole or nearly the whole life of the property or equipment.

Accumulated depreciation and amortization - property and equipment

Include:

  • accumulated depreciation and amortization of ground property and equipment (including flight equipment) owned and/or under capital leases;
  • accrued charges representing losses, not replaced by current repairs, occurring in physical property and suffered through current lessening of service value due to wear and tear from use and the action of time and the elements; and losses occurring through obsolescence, supersession, new technological developments, changes in popular demand and the requirements of public authority.

Non-operating property and equipment – (Include capital leases.)

Include the cost of all non-operating property and equipment, in other words, all property and equipment not included in the "operating" category above.

Accumulated depreciation and amortization - non-operating property and equipment

Include accumulated depreciation and amortization of the non-operating property and equipment.

All other assets

Include long-term prepayments, developmental and pre-operating costs such as the cost of extraordinary training, unamortized discounts and expenses on the issue of long-term debt securities, property acquisition adjustments, other intangibles such as payments made for patents, copyrights, and so on, and other deferred charges.

Total assets

The sum of the assets above less the accumulated depreciation and amortization.

Liabilities and capital

Current liabilities

Include:

  • current accounts and traffic balances payable, including balances subject to current settlement and payable to associated companies and/or shareholders, and notes payable on demand or within one year from the date of the balance sheet;
  • the current portion of long-term debt and the current obligations under capital leases;
  • air traffic liabilities (unearned transportation revenue), which includes the value of passenger tickets sold but not used or refunded as of the date of the balance sheet, and pre-paid amounts for the transportation of baggage, freight and mail for which the transportation has not occurred as of the date of the balance sheet;
  • salaries and wages accrued and unpaid, taxes accrued and unpaid, dividends payable, deposits by subscribers on transportation contracts (air travel plan liabilities, in other words, deposits received under air travel plan contracts) and other current and accrued liabilities.

Advances from associated companies and/or shareholders

Include the net amount from associated companies and/or shareholders for notes, loans or advances which are not currently settled.

Long-term debt and other non-current liabilities – (Include capital leases.)

Include:

  • the face value or principal amount of debt securities (for example, bonds, trust certificates, debentures, notes) issued and assumed by the air carrier and in the hands of others, which is not payable within twelve months of the balance sheet date;
  • long-term obligations under capital leases, which refers to the present value of unexpired contracts for the acquisition of aircraft under such lease arrangements.

Deferred income taxes

Include taxes that will be owed on income, but that have not yet been assessed.

All other liabilities

Include:

  • deferred credits which correspond to unamortized premiums on all classes of long-term debt, and other deferred credits such as securities issued or assumed by the air carrier, and other unadjusted accounts that cannot be cleared as of the date of the balance sheet;
  • provisions for major overhauls such as for flight equipment (in other words, liabilities of uncertain value or timing associated with the complete disassembly and inspection or repair of an aircraft, engine or other component of an aircraft) and other provisions such as liabilities of uncertain value or timing.

Shareholders' equity

Capital stock

Include the equity capital invested in a business through the purchase of various classes of common and preferred shares.

Retained earnings

Include the portion of after-tax profits left over, after dividends have been paid to shareholders, for reinvestment into the company. If this account is negative, then the amount indicated for this item should be shown with a negative (-) sign.

All other items

Include other paid-in capital and reserves. Other paid-in capital or contributed surplus includes the premiums or discounts that have resulted from selling stock, and stock received from donations. Reserves include any reserve fund such as reserve for self-insurance, reserve for pension, reserves against potential future losses, and so on. Also, include proprietorship or partnership accounts (balance year-end).

Total liabilities and capital

The sum of liabilities and capital plus the sum of shareholders' equity which should equal total assets.

For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD, what were this business's assets and liabilities?
  CAN$ '000
Financial assets  
a. Current assets  
b. All other financial assets
Include investments and special funds.
 
Property and equipment  
a. Operating - property and equipment
Include capital leases.
 
b. Less accumulated depreciation and amortization  
c. Non-operating property and equipment
Include capital leases.
 
d. Less accumulated depreciation and amortization  
e. All other assets  
Total assets  
Liabilities and capital  
a. Current liabilities  
b. Advances from associated companies and/or shareholders  
c. Long-term debt and other non-current liabilities
Include capital leases.
 
d. Deferred incomes taxes  
e. All other liabilities  
Shareholders' equity  
a. Capital stock  
b. Retained earnings  
c. All other items  
Total liabilities and capital  

Statement of Revenues and Expenses, Annual - Statement 21 (III)

1. For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD, what were the details of this business's operating revenue?

Report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Scheduled services

Transportation of passengers or goods, or both, by an aircraft provided by an air carrier that operates the air service and that, directly or indirectly, sells some or all of its seats or part or all of its cargo space to the public on a price per seat, price per unit of mass or price per volume of cargo basis.

Charter services

Transportation of passengers or goods, or both, by aircraft pursuant to a contract under which a person, other than the air carrier that operates the air service, or its agent, reserves a block of seats or part of the cargo space of an aircraft for the person's use or for resale to the public.

Include air ambulance service and the movement of people and goods to logging or heli-logging sites.

Exclude firefighting and heli-logging activities and the movement of people and goods to a firefighting site. (A complete list of activities which are specialty and therefore not subject to filing requirements as charter can be found in the Transport Canada document entitled "Starting a Commercial Air Service", TP 8880.)

Passenger revenue

Refers to the revenue earned from the transportation of passengers on scheduled and charter services. Include revenue from all surcharges (baggage, fuel, seat selection, changing or cancelling flights, and so on) that are retained by the air carrier. Exclude amounts such as taxes, navigation fees, security fees, and so on that are collected but passed on to other entities.

Goods revenue

Refers to the revenue earned from the transportation of goods on scheduled and charter services. Exclude taxes such as the Goods and Services Tax (GST), Harmonized Sales Tax (HST) or Provincial Sales Tax (PST).

All other flight-related revenue

Refers to the revenue earned from air transport activities not included in passenger revenue or goods revenue. Include revenue from other flying services such as flying training, recreational flying and other specialty flying.

All other revenue

Include subsidies and revenue earned from all other sources (including contra revenue, revenue of a corporate nature (leasing revenue, third party ground-handling, and so on), ancillary passenger revenue not easily allocated by operating flight (customs brokerage, and so on), revenue from in-flight sales (beverages, food, entertainment and wireless Internet access, and so on)).

Total operating revenue

The sum of passenger revenue, goods revenue, other flight-related revenue and revenue from all other sources.

For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD, what were the details of this business's operating revenue?
  CAN$ '000
Operating revenue  
a. Scheduled services - passenger revenue
Include revenue from fees such as baggage, fuel, seat selection, etc.
 
b. Scheduled services - goods revenue  
c. Charter services - passenger revenue  
d. Charter services - goods revenue  
e. All other flight - related revenue
Include revenue from flying services such as flying training, recreational flying, etc.
 
f. All other revenue
Include subsidies and revenue earned from all other sources.
 
Total operating revenue  

2. For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD, what were the details of this business's operating expenses?

Report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Operating expenses

Maintenance - ground property and equipment

Expenses incurred in the repair and upkeep of ground property and equipment. Include employee wages, salaries and benefits (including employer contributions to pensions, medical benefits, insurance, and so on), expenses for materials and supplies, purchased repair services and all other related expenses.

Aircraft operations

Expenses incurred directly for the in-flight operation of aircraft or in the holding of aircraft and aircraft personnel in readiness for assignment to an in-flight status.

Include:

  • the wages, salaries and benefits (including employer contributions to pensions, medical benefits, insurance, and so on and layover expenses such as hotels and meals) for flight crews (pilot, co-pilot, navigator, and so on);
  • expenses for turbo fuel, gasoline and all other fuel and oil consumed such as turbine oil and piston oil (including throughput charges, non-refundable duties and taxes);
  • airport landing fees paid both in Canada and outside of Canada;
  • navigation fees remitted to NAV CANADA or other international suppliers for the provision of air navigation services (air navigation services include aeronautical communication services, aeronautical information services, aeronautical radio navigation services, air traffic control services, aviation weather services, emergency assistance services and flight information services);
  • expenses for insurance against accidental damage to flight equipment while in flight or on the ground and for insurance against liability occurring from the operation of aircraft or, in the case of non-insurance, the resulting expenses for which the carrier is liable;
  • expenses incurred for the rental of aircraft (and crew) from other carriers, such as in chartering, interchange and operating or lease agreements;
  • all other aircraft operation expenses incurred directly for the in-flight operation and related standby time of aircraft.

Maintenance - flight equipment

Expenses incurred in the repair and upkeep of flight equipment. Include employee wages, salaries and benefits (including employer contributions to pensions, medical benefits, insurance, and so on), expenses for materials and supplies, purchased repair services and all other related expenses.

General administration

Expenses incurred for in-flight service, aircraft and traffic servicing, promotion and sales and general administration.

Include:

  • the wages, salaries and benefits (including employer contributions to pensions, medical benefits, insurance, and so on and layover expenses such as hotels and meals) paid to cabin crews (flight attendants, and so on), ground personnel, staff engaged in reservations, ticketing, sales and promotional activities and all other employees (including the personnel performing the general and administrative functions of the air carrier);
  • expenses for in-flight service such as passenger food and supplies (in-flight meals, complimentary drinks, and so on and the cost of supplies and personal services furnished to passengers), passenger liability insurance (premiums for passenger liability and accident insurance) and all other in-flight service expenses (including passenger-related expenses incurred due to interrupted flights, including hotels, meals, taxi fares and other expense items, the cost of other services provided to passengers, such as pay, allowances and the cost of passenger service personnel, and all other services provided for the comfort of passengers in transit);
  • expenses for aircraft and traffic servicing purchased from outside suppliers, expenses incurred on the ground for scheduling or preparing aircraft for arrival and takeoff, expenses incurred in enplaning and deplaning passenger and cargo traffic, and expenses involved in servicing and handling individual aircraft and traffic on the ground, in preparing aircraft crews for flight assignment, in controlling the in-flight movements of aircraft and the in-flight expenses of handling all traffic including baggage;
  • all promotion and sales expenses such as passenger and cargo commission expenses (the net commission payable to others for the sale of transportation on the reporting carrier's service less the commission receivable from the reporting carrier's sale of transportation on other carriers' services), advertising and publicity expenses and any related expenses, accommodation costs, agency fees for outside services, expenses associated with reservations, city ticket offices and other sales expenses;
  • general administration expenses such as those for financial accounting activities, supplementary labour income, property taxes, building rentals, communications purchased, purchasing activities, representation at law, and all other operational administration expenses not directly applicable to a particular function that are not included in the previous operating expenses categories;
  • expenses such as incidental air transport-related expenses associated with revenue reported as "all other revenue";
  • staff reduction expenses.

Depreciation

Include:

  • provisions for the depreciation of ground property and equipment (including flight equipment);
  • all charges incurred in normal wear and tear on property and equipment which have not been replaced by current year repair, as well as losses in service ability;
  • charges for the amortization of capitalized development and other intangible assets.

All other expenses

Include any and all miscellaneous operating expenses not reported elsewhere.

Total operating expenses

The sum of the previous six expense items.

For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD, what were the details of this business's operating expenses?
  CAN$ '000
Operating expenses  
a. Maintenance - ground property and equipment  
b. Aircraft operations  
c. Maintenance - flight equipment  
d. General administration
Include expenses incurred for in-flight service, aircraft and traffic servicing, promotion and sales and general administration.
 
e. Depreciation
Include provisions for the depreciation of ground property and equipment (including flight equipment), etc.
 
f. All other expenses  
Total operating expenses  

Statement of Revenues and Expenses, Annual - Statement 21 (III)

3. For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD, what were the details of this business's operating and non-operating income?

Report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Operating income

Net operating income (a loss should be a negative number)

Total operating revenue less total operating expenses - calculated from the previous questions.

Non-operating income/expenses

Interest and discount income

Include interest income from all sources and cash discounts on the purchase of materials and supplies.

Interest expenses

Include interest on unpaid taxes and all classes of debt including premiums, discounts and expenses on short-term obligations, amortization of premiums, discounts and expenses on short-term and long-term obligations.

All other net non-operating income (enter a negative number for a loss)

Include:

  • capital gains (or losses) from retiring operating property and equipment, aircraft equipment, expendable parts, miscellaneous materials and supplies and other assets, when they are sold or otherwise retired from service as part of a general program and not as incidental sales performed as a service to others;
  • gains or losses made on investments in securities;
  • net miscellaneous non-operating income or loss, which refers to revenue and expenses attributable to financing or other activities that are not an integral part of the air transportation activities undertaken by the carrier, or its incidental services. These could include dividend income, the balance of all income or losses from affiliated companies reimbursed to the carrier, foreign exchange adjustments and special items, such as restructuring expenses, which do not occur on a regular basis.

Exclude staff reduction expenses which should be included under all other expenses.

Net non-operating income (a loss should be a negative number)

The sum of the previous three income or expense items.

Provision for income taxes

Include the provision for taxes payable on net income for the accounting period and adjustments of income taxes relating to previous years, including provisions for deferred income taxes resulting from differences between accounting income and taxable income that arise when the time of including items of revenue and expense in the computation of accounting income and taxable income do not coincide. If the net amount is negative, then the amount indicated for this item should be shown with a negative (-) sign.

Net income (a loss should be a negative number)

Net operating income plus net non-operating income less the provision for income taxes.

For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD, what were the details of this business's operating and non-operating income?
  CAN$ '000
Operating income  
a. Net operating income (a loss should be a negative number)
Calculated from the previous questions as total operating revenue [$ amount] less total operating expenses [$ amount].
 
Non-operating income/expenses  
a. Interest and discount income  
b. Interest expenses  
c. All other net non-operating income (enter a negative number for a loss)  
Net non-operating income (a loss should be a negative number)  
d. Provision for income taxes  
Net income (a loss should be a negative number)  

Statement of Revenues and Expenses, Annual - Statement 21 (III)

4. For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD, please provide the details of this business's fuel consumption.

Fuel and oil consumed

Turbo fuel consumed

Include fuel used in both turboprop and jet aircraft.

Provide the quantity and expenses for turbo fuel consumed. Turbo fuel includes the turbine fuel uplifted for all aircraft in the carrier's fleet. Fuel uplift can be determined based on delivery notes or invoices, aircraft onboard measurement systems or, if the fuel was supplied by a customer, estimated based on hours flown. Report the quantity of turbo fuel consumed in litres.

Include turbo fuel consumed for all scheduled and/or charter operations, regardless of where purchased. The expenses for turbo fuel consumed should be reported in Canadian dollars, regardless of where purchased. Include throughput charges, non-refundable duties and taxes. If the fuel was supplied by a customer, an approximate value may be provided based on prevailing market rates.

Conversion factor

To convert gallons (imperial) into litres (l), multiply by 4.546092.

Gasoline consumed

Provide the quantity and expenses for gasoline consumed. If the gasoline was supplied by a customer, it may be estimated based on hours flown. Report the quantity of gasoline consumed in litres.
Include gasoline consumed for all scheduled and/or charter operations, regardless of where purchased. The expenses for gasoline consumed should be reported in Canadian dollars, regardless of where purchased. Include throughput charges, non-refundable duties and taxes. If the gasoline was supplied by a customer, an approximate value may be provided based on prevailing market rates.

Conversion factor

To convert gallons (imperial) into litres (l), multiply by 4.546092.

All other fuel and oil consumed

Provide the quantity and expenses for all other fuel and oil consumed. Report the quantity of all other fuel and oil consumed in litres.
The quantity should include turbine oil, piston oil and all other types of fuel and oil consumed for all scheduled and/or charter operations, regardless of where purchased. The expenses for all other fuel and oil consumed should be reported in Canadian dollars, regardless of where purchased. Include throughput charges, non-refundable duties and taxes.

Conversion factor

To convert gallons (imperial) into litres (l), multiply by 4.546092.

Total fuel and oil consumed

The sum of the quantities and expenses reported in the previous three items.

For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD, please provide the details of this business's fuel consumption.
  Quantity -
Litres (L)
Expenses
CAN$ '000
Fuel and oil consumed    
a. Turbo fuel consumed (litres)
Include fuel used in both turboprop and jet aircraft.
   
b. Gasoline consumed (litres)    
c. All other fuel and oil consumed (litres)    
Total fuel and oil consumed (litres)    

5. For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD, please provide the details of this business's employment.

Average number of employees

Refers to the average number of people employed for each of the six categories of personnel.

Include all employees, temporary or permanent, on the payroll of the air carrier during the reporting period. Include part-time employees, prorated to the amount of time worked when compared to full-time employees (for example, two part-time employees working half-time are equivalent to one full-time employee).

Wages and salaries expenses

Include a breakdown of the wages and salaries paid for each of the six categories of personnel.

Exclude all benefits, in other words, employer contributions to pensions, medical benefits, insurance, and so on or layover expenses, such as hotels and meals, for flight and cabin crews.

Employment category

Include:

  • Pilots and co-pilots. Self-explanatory;
  • Other flight personnel. Flight crew (including flight engineers, navigators, and so on) and cabin crew (including flight attendants, and so on);
  • General management and administration employees (including the personnel performing the general and administrative functions such as administrative personnel at headquarters, comptrollers and assistants, directors and assistants (operations, passenger service, public relations, sales), and so on);
  • Maintenance personnel (including the personnel performing the ground property and equipment maintenance such as the carpenters, cleaners, and so on and including the personnel performing the flight equipment maintenance such as the aircraft maintenance engineers and the inspectors of flight equipment);
  • Aircraft and traffic servicing personnel (including supervisory personnel, assigned to ground activities, engaged directly in protecting and controlling aircraft in flight (flight dispatch personnel, flight planning staff), in scheduling and preparing flight crews for flight assignment, in parking and servicing aircraft incidental to line operations and including baggage handlers, aircraft fuelers, and so on);
  • All other employees (including air ambulance attendants, accountants, economists, statisticians, lawyers, purchasing personnel, publicity representatives, and so on).

Total employees

The sum of the number and the wages and salaries expenses for the six categories of personnel.

For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD, please provide the details of this business's employment.
  Average number of employees Wages and salaries expenses
CAN$ '000
Employment    
a. Pilots and co-pilots    
b. Other flight personnel
Include flight engineers, navigators, flight attendants, etc.
   
c. General management and administration employees    
d. Maintenance personnel    
e. Aircraft and traffic servicing personnel
Include flight dispatch personnel, flight planning staff, aircraft fuelers, etc.
   
f. All other employees
Include air ambulance attendants, accountants, purchasing personnel, etc.
   
Total employees    

6. For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD, please provide the distribution of this business's revenue and expenses by area of operation.

Revenue and expenses by area of operation

Passenger revenue

Include a breakdown of the revenue earned from the transportation of passengers for each province, territory and outside of Canada based on where the transportation service was provided. Total passenger revenue should equal the sum of passenger revenue from scheduled services and charter services previously reported.

Goods revenue

Include a breakdown of the revenue earned from the transportation of goods for each province, territory and outside of Canada based on where the transportation service was provided. Total goods revenue should equal the sum of goods revenue from scheduled services and charter services previously reported.

Employee wages and salaries

Include a breakdown of employee wages and salaries for each province, territory and outside of Canada based on where the employees are located. Total employee wages and salaries should equal the total wages and salaries expenses reported in the "Employment" section above.

For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD, please provide the distribution of this business's revenue and expenses by area of operation.
  Passenger revenue
CAN$ '000
Goods revenue
CAN$ '000
Employee wages and salaries
CAN$ '000
Area of operation      
a. Newfoundland and Labrador      
b. Prince Edward Island      
c. Nova Scotia      
d. New Brunswick      
e. Quebec      
f. Ontario      
g. Manitoba      
h. Saskatchewan      
i. Alberta      
j. British Columbia      
k. Yukon      
l. Northwest Territories      
m. Nunavut      
n. Outside Canada      
Total      

Scheduled Services, Revenue Operating Statistics, Annual - Statement 10 (III)

1. For the calendar year ending in December YYYY, please provide the details of this business's scheduled services by sector of operation.

Scheduled services - operating statistics

Include fixed wing and helicopter services.

Sector of operation

Refers to the regions where carriers provide transportation services. There are three breakdowns - domestic, transborder (Canada-US) and other international.

Domestic

Includes operations between points in Canada.

Transborder (Canada-US)

Includes operations between points in Canada and points in the United States (including Alaska, Hawaii and Puerto Rico).

Other international

Includes all other operations (including between points outside of Canada).

Data reported must include both fixed wing and helicopter services, where:

Fixed wing

Means a power-driven, heavier-than-air aircraft, deriving its lift in flight chiefly from aerodynamic reactions on surfaces which remain fixed. An aircraft having wings fixed to the airplane fuselage and outspread in flight - that is non-rotating wings.

Helicopter

Means a rotary wing, heavier-than-air aircraft, supported in flight chiefly by the reactions of the air on one or more power-driven rotors on substantially vertical axes. A helicopter does not have conventional fixed wings, nor is it provided with a conventional propeller for forward thrust.

Scheduled services

Transportation of passengers or goods, or both, by an aircraft provided by an air carrier that operates the air service and that, directly or indirectly, sells some or all of its seats or part or all of its cargo space to the public on a price per seat, price per unit of mass or price per volume of cargo basis.

Enplaned passengers

Refers to revenue passengers1 who board aircraft and surrender one or more flight coupons or other documents good for transportation over the itinerary specified in these coupons or documents.

1 Revenue passengers correspond to passengers for which an air carrier receives remuneration and who are travelling with tickets purchased (a) under a publicly available promotional offer; (b) through a loyalty program or through the redemption of loyalty points or miles; (c) with a corporate discount or at a preferential fare; or obtained (d) as compensation for denied boarding. It excludes (a) passengers travelling for free, at a fare available only to persons who are employees or agents of an air carrier or are travelling on the business of an air carrier; and (b) persons, such as infants, who do not occupy seats.

Passenger-kilometres

Represents the carriage of one revenue passenger on each flight stage multiplied by the number of kilometres flown on that stage. Passenger-kilometres are obtained by totalling the number of kilometres flown by all passengers.

Let's take an example with two flight stages, where:

Flight stage A to B
Number of passengers = 5
Distance between points ( km ) = 161
Passenger-kilometres = 805

Flight stage B to C
Number of passengers = 4
Distance between points ( km ) = 322
Passenger-kilometres = 1,288

The total number of passenger-kilometres for the flights covering A to B and B to C is 2,093.

Conversion factor

To convert nautical miles (6 080 feet) into kilometres (km), multiply by 1.852.
To convert statute miles (5 280 feet) into kilometres (km), multiply by 1.609344.

Hours flown

Represents the block hours, in other words, the number of hours which elapsed between the time the aircraft started to move to commence a flight and the time the aircraft came to its final stop after the conclusion of a flight. Report the total number of block hours flown to the nearest hour.

Enplaned goods

Refers to all types of non-passenger traffic. It includes priority freight, freight, mail and excess baggage for which revenue is obtained. Enplaned goods should be reported to the nearest kilogram.

Conversion factor

To convert pounds (lbs.) into kilograms (kg), multiply by 0.453592.

Goods tonne-kilometres

Represents the carriage of one tonne of goods on each flight stage multiplied by the number of kilometres flown on that stage. Goods tonne-kilometres are obtained by totalling the number of kilometres flown with all tonnes of goods.

Let's take an example with two flight stages, where:

Flight stage A to B
Tonnes of goods = 5
Distance between points ( km ) = 161
Goods tonne-kilometres = 805

Flight stage B to C
Tonnes of goods = 4
Distance between points ( km ) = 322
Goods tonne-kilometres = 1,288

The total number of goods tonne-kilometres for the flights covering A to B and B to C is 2,093.

Conversion factor

To convert nautical miles (6 080 feet) into kilometres (km), multiply by 1.852.
To convert statute miles (5 280 feet) into kilometres (km), multiply by 1.609344.

For the calendar year ending in December 2019, please provide the details of this business's scheduled services by sector of operation.
  Domestic Transborder
(Canada-US)
Other
international
Total
Scheduled services - operating statistics
Include fixed wing and helicopter services.
       
a. Number of enplaned passengers        
b. Number of passenger-kilometres        
c. Number of hours flown        
d. Enplaned goods (kilograms)        
e. Goods tonne-kilometres
(tonne-kilometres)
       

2. For the calendar year ending in December YYYY, what was the distribution by sector of the operating revenue for scheduled services?

Report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Scheduled services - revenue

Include fixed wing and helicopter services.

Passenger revenue

Refers to the revenue earned from the transportation of passengers on scheduled services. Include revenue from all surcharges (baggage, fuel, seat selection, and so on) that are retained by the air carrier. Exclude amounts such as taxes, navigation fees, security fees, and so on that are collected but passed on to other entities.

Goods revenue

Refers to the revenue earned from the transportation of goods on scheduled services. Exclude taxes such as the Goods and Services Tax (GST), Harmonized Sales Tax (HST) or Provincial Sales Tax (PST).

For the calendar year ending in December YYYY, what was the distribution by sector of the operating revenue for scheduled services?
  Domestic CAN$ '000 Transborder
(Canada-US) CAN$ '000
Other
international CAN$ '000
Total
CAN$ '000
Scheduled services - revenue
Include fixed wing and helicopter services.
       
a. Passenger revenue        
b. Goods revenue        

Charter Services, Revenue Operating Statistics, Annual - Statement 12 (III)

1. For the calendar year ending in December YYYY, please provide the details of this business's charter services by sector of operation.

Charter services - operating statistics

Include fixed wing and helicopter services.

Sector of operation

Refers to the regions where carriers provide transportation services. There are three breakdowns - domestic, transborder (Canada-US) and other international.

Domestic

Includes operations between points in Canada.

Transborder (Canada-US)

Includes operations between points in Canada and points in the United States (including Alaska, Hawaii and Puerto Rico).

Other international

Includes all other operations (including between points outside of Canada).

Data reported must include both fixed wing and helicopter services, where:

Fixed wing

Means a power-driven, heavier-than-air aircraft, deriving its lift in flight chiefly from aerodynamic reactions on surfaces which remain fixed. An aircraft having wings fixed to the airplane fuselage and outspread in flight - that is non-rotating wings.

Helicopter

Means a rotary wing, heavier-than-air aircraft, supported in flight chiefly by the reactions of the air on one or more power-driven rotors on substantially vertical axes. A helicopter does not have conventional fixed wings, nor is it provided with a conventional propeller for forward thrust.

Charter services

Transportation of passengers or goods, or both, by aircraft pursuant to a contract under which a person, other than the air carrier that operates the air service, or its agent, reserves a block of seats or part of the cargo space of an aircraft for the person's use or for resale to the public.

Include air ambulance service and the movement of people and goods to logging or heli-logging sites.

Exclude firefighting and heli-logging activities and the movement of people and goods to a firefighting site. (A complete list of activities which are specialty and therefore not subject to filing requirements as charter can be found in the Transport Canada document entitled "Starting a Commercial Air Service", TP 8880.)

Enplaned passengers

Refers to revenue passengers1 who board aircraft and surrender one or more flight coupons or other documents good for transportation over the itinerary specified in these coupons or documents.

1 Revenue passengers correspond to passengers for which an air carrier receives remuneration and who are travelling with tickets purchased (a) under a publicly available promotional offer; (b) through a loyalty program or through the redemption of loyalty points or miles; (c) with a corporate discount or at a preferential fare; or obtained (d) as compensation for denied boarding. It excludes (a) passengers travelling for free, at a fare available only to persons who are employees or agents of an air carrier or are travelling on the business of an air carrier; and (b) persons, such as infants, who do not occupy seats.

Passenger-kilometres

Represents the carriage of one revenue passenger on each flight stage multiplied by the number of kilometres flown on that stage. Passenger-kilometres are obtained by totalling the number of kilometres flown by all passengers.

Let's take an example with two flight stages, where:

Flight stage A to B
Number of passengers = 5
Distance between points ( km ) = 161
Passenger-kilometres = 805

Flight stage B to C
Number of passengers = 4
Distance between points ( km ) = 322
Passenger-kilometres = 1,288

The total number of passenger-kilometres for the flights covering A to B and B to C is 2,093.

Conversion factor

To convert nautical miles (6 080 feet) into kilometres (km), multiply by 1.852.
To convert statute miles (5 280 feet) into kilometres (km), multiply by 1.609344.

Hours flown

Represents the block hours, in other words, the number of hours which elapsed between the time the aircraft started to move to commence a flight and the time the aircraft came to its final stop after the conclusion of a flight. Report the total number of block hours flown to the nearest hour.

Enplaned goods

Refers to all types of non-passenger traffic. It includes priority freight, freight, mail and excess baggage for which revenue is obtained. Enplaned goods should be reported to the nearest kilogram.

Conversion factor

To convert pounds (lbs.) into kilograms (kg), multiply by 0.453592.

Goods tonne-kilometres

Represents the carriage of one tonne of goods on each flight stage multiplied by the number of kilometres flown on that stage. Goods tonne-kilometres are obtained by totalling the number of kilometres flown with all tonnes of goods.

Let's take an example with two flight stages, where:

Flight stage A to B
Tonnes of goods = 5
Distance between points ( km ) = 161
Goods tonne-kilometres = 805

Flight stage B to C
Tonnes of goods = 4
Distance between points ( km ) = 322
Goods tonne-kilometres = 1,288

The total number of goods tonne-kilometres for the flights covering A to B and B to C is 2,093.

Conversion factor

To convert nautical miles (6 080 feet) into kilometres (km), multiply by 1.852.
To convert statute miles (5 280 feet) into kilometres (km), multiply by 1.609344.

For the calendar year ending in December YYYY, please provide the details of this business's charter services by sector of operation.
  Domestic Transborder
(Canada-US)
Other
international
Total
Charter services - operating statistics
Include fixed wing and helicopter services.
       
a. Number of enplaned passengers        
b. Number of passenger-kilometres        
c. Number of hours flown        
d. Enplaned goods (kilograms)        
e. Goods tonne-kilometres
(tonne-kilometres)
       

2. For the calendar year ending in December YYYY, what was the distribution by sector of the operating revenue for charter services?

Report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Charter services - revenue

Include fixed wing and helicopter services.

Passenger revenue

Refers to the revenue earned from the transportation of passengers on charter services. Include revenue from all surcharges (baggage, fuel, seat selection, and so on) that are retained by the air carrier. Exclude amounts such as taxes, navigation fees, security fees, and so on that are collected but passed on to other entities.

Goods revenue

Refers to the revenue earned from the transportation of goods on charter services. Exclude taxes such as the Goods and Services Tax (GST), Harmonized Sales Tax (HST) or Provincial Sales Tax (PST).

For the calendar year ending in December YYYY, what was the distribution by sector of the operating revenue for charter services?
  Domestic CAN$ '000 Transborder
(Canada-US) CAN$ '000
Other
international CAN$ '000
Total
CAN$ '000
Charter services - revenue
Include fixed wing and helicopter services.
       
a. Passenger revenue        
b. Goods revenue        

Changes or events

1. Indicate any changes or events that affected the reported values for this business or organization, compared with the last reporting period.

Select all that apply.

  • Strike or lock-out
  • Exchange rate impact
  • Price changes in goods or services sold
  • Contracting out
  • Organizational change
  • Price changes in labour or raw materials
  • Natural disaster
  • Recession
  • Change in product line
  • Sold business or business units
  • Expansion
  • New or lost contract
  • Plant closures
  • Acquisition of business or business units
  • Other
    Specify the other changes or events:
  • No change or event

Contact person

1. Statistics Canada may need to contact the person who completed this questionnaire for further information. Is ([Provided Given Names]), ([Provided Family Name]) the best person to contact?

  • Yes
  • No

Who is the best person to contact about this questionnaire?

  • First name:
  • Last name:
  • Title:
  • Email address:
  • Telephone number (including area code):
  • Extension number (if applicable):
  • Fax number (including area code):

Feedback

1. How long did it take to complete this questionnaire?

Include the time spent gathering the necessary information.

  • Hours:
  • Minutes:

2. Do you have any comments about this questionnaire?

Enter your comments

Why do we conduct this survey?

This survey collects financial data from the Canadian Level II air carriers needed to measure the growth, the performance and the long-term financial position of the airline industry. The information is also used by Statistics Canada as input to the Canadian System of National Accounts and by individual carriers for measuring company performance relative to groups of competitors.

Your information may also be used by Statistics Canada for other statistical and research purposes.

Your participation in this survey is required under the authority of the Statistics Act.

Other important information

Authorization to collect this information

Data are collected under the authority of the Statistics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, Chapter S-19.

Confidentiality

By law, Statistics Canada is prohibited from releasing any information it collects that could identify any person, business or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent, or as permitted by the Statistics Act. Statistics Canada will use the information from this survey for statistical purposes only.

Record linkages

To enhance the data from this survey and to reduce the response burden, Statistics Canada may combine the acquired data with information from other surveys or from administrative sources.

Data-sharing agreements

To reduce respondent burden, Statistics Canada has entered into data-sharing agreements under Section 12 of the Statistics Act with Natural Resources Canada, Transport Canada and the Canadian Transportation Agency. Statistics Canada will only share data from this survey with those organizations that have demonstrated a requirement to use the data.

Under Section 12 of the Statistics Act, respondents can object to the sharing of information with other organizations. However, respondents do not have the right of refusal with respect to sharing the data with Transport Canada. Transport Canada has the legislative authority to collect and use this information pursuant to the Canada Transportation Act (CTA) and the Transportation Information Regulations.

Respondents may refuse to share their information with Natural Resources Canada and the Canadian Transportation Agency by writing a letter of objection to the Chief Statistician, and mailing it to the following address. These organizations have agreed to keep the data confidential and use them only for statistical purposes.

Chief Statistician of Canada
Statistics Canada
Attention of Director, Enterprise Statistics Division
150 Tunney's Pasture Driveway
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0T6

You may also contact us by email at statcan.esd-helpdesk-dse-bureaudedepannage.statcan@canada.ca or by fax at 613-951-6583.

Business or organization and contact information

1. Verify or provide the business or organization's legal and operating name, and correct information if needed.

Note: Legal name should only be modified to correct a spelling error or typo.

Legal name
The legal name is one recognized by law, thus it is the name liable for pursuit or for debts incurred by the business or organization. In the case of a corporation, it is the legal name as fixed by its charter or the statute by which the corporation was created.

Modifications to the legal name should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

To indicate a legal name of another legal entity you should instead indicate it in question 3 by selecting 'Not currently operational' and then choosing the applicable reason and providing the legal name of this other entity along with any other requested information.

Operating name
The operating name is a name the business or organization is commonly known as if different from its legal name. The operating name is synonymous with trade name.

Legal name:

Operating name (if applicable):

2. Verify or provide the contact information for the designated contact person for the business or organization, and correct information if needed.

Note: The designated contact person is the person who should receive this questionnaire. The designated contact person may not always be the one who actually completes the questionnaire.

  • First name:
  • Last name:
  • Title:
  • Preferred language of communication:
    • English
    • French
  • Mailing address (number and street):
  • City:
  • Province, territory or state:
  • Postal code or ZIP code:
  • Country:
    • Canada
    • United States
  • Email address:
  • Telephone number (including area code):
  • Extension number (if applicable):
  • Fax number (including area code):

3. Verify or provide the current operational status of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

  • Operational
  • Not currently operational - e.g., temporarily or permanently closed, change of ownership
    Why is this business or organization not currently operational?
    • Seasonal operations
      • When did this business or organization close for the season?
        • Date
      • When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
        • Date
    • Ceased operations
      • When did this business or organization cease operations?
        • Date
      • Why did this business or organization cease operations?
        • Bankruptcy
        • Liquidation
        • Dissolution
        • Other - Specify the other reasons why operations ceased
    • Sold operations
      • When was this business or organization sold?
        • Date
      • What is the legal name of the buyer?
    • Amalgamated with other businesses or organizations
      • When did this business or organization amalgamate?
        • Date
      • What is the legal name of the resulting or continuing business or organization?
      • What are the legal names of the other amalgamated businesses or organizations?
    • Temporarily inactive but will reopen
      • When did this business or organization become temporarily inactive?
        • Date
      • When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
        • Date
      • Why is this business or organization temporarily inactive?
    • No longer operating because of other reasons
      • When did this business or organization cease operations?
        • Date
      • Why did this business or organization cease operations?

4. Verify or provide the current main activity of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

Note: The described activity was assigned using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

This question verifies the business or organization's current main activity as classified by the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) is an industry classification system developed by the statistical agencies of Canada, Mexico and the United States. Created against the background of the North American Free Trade Agreement, it is designed to provide common definitions of the industrial structure of the three countries and a common statistical framework to facilitate the analysis of the three economies. NAICS is based on supply-side or production-oriented principles, to ensure that industrial data, classified to NAICS , are suitable for the analysis of production-related issues such as industrial performance.

The target entity for which NAICS is designed are businesses and other organizations engaged in the production of goods and services. They include farms, incorporated and unincorporated businesses and government business enterprises. They also include government institutions and agencies engaged in the production of marketed and non-marketed services, as well as organizations such as professional associations and unions and charitable or non-profit organizations and the employees of households.

The associated NAICS should reflect those activities conducted by the business or organizational units targeted by this questionnaire only, as identified in the 'Answering this questionnaire' section and which can be identified by the specified legal and operating name. The main activity is the activity which most defines the targeted business or organization's main purpose or reason for existence. For a business or organization that is for-profit, it is normally the activity that generates the majority of the revenue for the entity.

The NAICS classification contains a limited number of activity classifications; the associated classification might be applicable for this business or organization even if it is not exactly how you would describe this business or organization's main activity.

Please note that any modifications to the main activity through your response to this question might not necessarily be reflected prior to the transmitting of subsequent questionnaires and as a result they may not contain this updated information.

The following is the detailed description including any applicable examples or exclusions for the classification currently associated with this business or organization.

Description and examples

  • This is the current main activity
  • This is not the current main activity
    Provide a brief but precise description of this business or organization's main activity:
    e.g., breakfast cereal manufacturing, shoe store, software development

Main activity

5. You indicated that (activity) is not the current main activity. Was this business or organization's main activity ever classified as: (activity)?

  • Yes
    When did the main activity change?
    Date:
  • No

6. Search and select the industry classification code that best corresponds to this business or organization's main activity.

How to search:

  • if desired, you can filter the search results by first selecting the business or organization's activity sector
  • enter keywords or a brief description that best describe the business or organization's main activity
  • press the Search button to search the database for an activity that best matches the keywords or description you provided
  • select an activity from the list.

Select this business or organization's activity sector (optional)

  • Farming or logging operation
  • Construction company or general contractor
  • Manufacturer
  • Wholesaler
  • Retailer
  • Provider of passenger or freight transportation
  • Provider of investment, savings or insurance products
  • Real estate agency, real estate brokerage or leasing company
  • Provider of professional, scientific or technical services
  • Provider of health care or social services
  • Restaurant, bar, hotel, motel or other lodging establishment
  • Other sector

Enter keywords or a brief description, then press the Search button

Reporting period information

1. What are the start and end dates of this business's or organization's most recently completed fiscal year?

For this survey, the end date should fall between April 1, 2021 and March 31, 2022.

Here are twelve common fiscal periods that fall within the targeted dates:

  • May 1, 2020 to April 30, 2021
  • June 1, 2020 to May 31, 2021
  • July 1, 2020 to June 30, 2021
  • August 1, 2020 to July 31, 2021
  • September 1, 2020 to August 31, 2021
  • October 1, 2020 to September 30, 2021
  • November 1, 2020 to October 31, 2021
  • December 1, 2020 to November 30, 2021
  • January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021
  • February 1, 2021 to January 31, 2022
  • March 1, 2021 to February 28, 2022
  • April 1, 2021 to March 31, 2022.

Here are other examples of fiscal periods that fall within the required dates:

  • September 18, 2020 to September 15, 2021 ( e.g., floating year-end)
  • June 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021 ( e.g., a newly opened business).

Fiscal year start date:

Fiscal year-end date:

2. What is the reason the reporting period does not cover a full year?

Select all that apply.

  • Seasonal operations
  • New business
  • Change of ownership
  • Temporarily inactive
  • Change of fiscal year
  • Ceased operations
  • Other - Specify reason the reporting period does not cover a full year:

Balance Sheet, Annual - Statement 20 (II, III)

1. For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD , what were this business's assets and liabilities?

Report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Financial assets

Current assets

Include:

  • cash, bank balances (including deposits in transit, special deposits for the payments of debts, and so on) and short-term investments due within one year from the date of the balance sheet;
  • current accounts and notes receivable as well as other current assets such as inventories, charges to subscribers on transportation contracts, interests and dividends receivable, and so on.

All other financial assets - (Include investments and special funds.)

Include investments in associated companies, other investments such as investments in stocks, bonds, and so on, and special funds such as equipment purchase funds, funds set aside for such special purposes as contractual deposits, pension funds, self-insurance funds, and so on.

Property and equipment

Operating - property and equipment - (Include capital leases.)

Include:

  • ground property and equipment (including flight equipment) owned and/or under capital leases;
  • the cost of aircraft (airframes), aircraft engines, propellers, components (aircraft communication and navigational equipment) and spare parts that have been purchased outright;
  • the cost of non-airborne communication and meteorological equipment, ramp equipment, maintenance and engineering equipment, surface transport vehicles and equipment, furniture, fixtures and office equipment, buildings and land as well as miscellaneous ground equipment such as medical equipment, airport and lighting equipment, passenger service equipment, hotel, restaurant and food service equipment, storage and distribution equipment. Property and equipment under capital leases includes the cost of property and equipment under a capital or finance lease, in other words, a lease for a period considered to be the whole or nearly the whole life of the property or equipment.

Accumulated depreciation and amortization - property and equipment

Include:

  • accumulated depreciation and amortization of ground property and equipment (including flight equipment) owned and/or under capital leases;
  • accrued charges representing losses, not replaced by current repairs, occurring in physical property and suffered through current lessening of service value due to wear and tear from use and the action of time and the elements; and losses occurring through obsolescence, supersession, new technological developments, changes in popular demand and the requirements of public authority.

Non-operating property and equipment - (Include capital leases.)

Include the cost of all non-operating property and equipment, in other words, all property and equipment not included in the "operating" category above.

Accumulated depreciation and amortization - non-operating property and equipment

Include accumulated depreciation and amortization of the non-operating property and equipment.

All other assets

Include long-term prepayments, developmental and pre-operating costs such as the cost of extraordinary training, unamortized discounts and expenses on the issue of long-term debt securities, property acquisition adjustments, other intangibles such as payments made for patents, copyrights, and so on, and other deferred charges.

Total assets

The sum of the assets above less the accumulated depreciation and amortization.

Liabilities and capital

Current liabilities

Include:

  • current accounts and traffic balances payable, including balances subject to current settlement and payable to associated companies and/or shareholders, and notes payable on demand or within one year from the date of the balance sheet;
  • the current portion of long-term debt and the current obligations under capital leases;
  • air traffic liabilities (unearned transportation revenue), which includes the value of passenger tickets sold but not used or refunded as of the date of the balance sheet, and pre-paid amounts for the transportation of baggage, freight and mail for which the transportation has not occurred as of the date of the balance sheet;
  • salaries and wages accrued and unpaid, taxes accrued and unpaid, dividends payable, deposits by subscribers on transportation contracts (air travel plan liabilities, in other words, deposits received under air travel plan contracts) and other current and accrued liabilities.

Advances from associated companies and/or shareholders

Include the net amount from associated companies and/or shareholders for notes, loans or advances which are not currently settled.

Long-term debt and other non-current liabilities - (Include capital leases.)

Include:

  • the face value or principal amount of debt securities (for example, bonds, trust certificates, debentures, notes) issued and assumed by the air carrier and in the hands of others, which is not payable within twelve months of the balance sheet date;
  • long-term obligations under capital leases, which refers to the present value of unexpired contracts for the acquisition of aircraft under such lease arrangements.

Deferred income taxes

Include taxes that will be owed on income, but that have not yet been assessed.

All other liabilities

Include:

  • deferred credits which correspond to unamortized premiums on all classes of long-term debt, and other deferred credits such as securities issued or assumed by the air carrier, and other unadjusted accounts that cannot be cleared as of the date of the balance sheet;
  • provisions for major overhauls such as for flight equipment (in other words, liabilities of uncertain value or timing associated with the complete disassembly and inspection or repair of an aircraft, engine or other component of an aircraft) and other provisions such as liabilities of uncertain value or timing.

Shareholders' equity

Capital stock

Include the equity capital invested in a business through the purchase of various classes of common and preferred shares.

Retained earnings

Include the portion of after-tax profits left over, after dividends have been paid to shareholders, for reinvestment into the company. If this account is negative, then the amount indicated for this item should be shown with a negative (-) sign.

All other items

Include other paid-in capital and reserves. Other paid-in capital or contributed surplus includes the premiums or discounts that have resulted from selling stock, and stock received from donations. Reserves include any reserve fund such as reserve for self-insurance, reserve for pension, reserves against potential future losses, and so on. Also, include proprietorship or partnership accounts (balance year-end).

Total liabilities and capital

The sum of liabilities and capital plus the sum of shareholders' equity which should equal total assets.

For the reporting period ending, what were this business's assets and liabilities?

Report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Example
  CAN$ '000
Financial assets  
a. Current assets  
b. All other financial assets
Include investments and special funds.
 
Property and equipment  
a. Operating - property and equipment
Include capital leases.
 
b. Less accumulated depreciation and amortization  
c. Non-operating property and equipment
Include capital leases.
 
d. Less accumulated depreciation and amortization  
e. All other assets  
Total assets  
Liabilities and capital  
a. Current liabilities  
b. Advances from associated companies and/or shareholders  
c. Long-term debt and other non-current liabilities
Include capital leases.
 
d. Deferred incomes taxes  
e. All other liabilities  
Shareholders' equity  
a. Capital stock  
b. Retained earnings  
c. All other items  
Total liabilities and capital  

Statement of Revenues and Expenses, Annual - Statement 21 (I, II)

1. For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD , what were the details of this business's operating revenue?

Report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Scheduled services
Transportation of passengers or goods, or both, by an aircraft provided by an air carrier that operates the air service and that, directly or indirectly, sells some or all of its seats or part or all of its cargo space to the public on a price per seat, price per unit of mass or price per volume of cargo basis.

Charter services
Transportation of passengers or goods, or both, by aircraft pursuant to a contract under which a person, other than the air carrier that operates the air service, or its agent, reserves a block of seats or part of the cargo space of an aircraft for the person's use or for resale to the public.
Include air ambulance service and the movement of people and goods to logging or heli-logging sites.
Exclude firefighting and heli-logging activities and the movement of people and goods to a firefighting site. (A complete list of activities which are specialty and therefore not subject to filing requirements as charter can be found in the Transport Canada document entitled "Starting a Commercial Air Service", TP 8880. This document can be found at TP 8880 - Starting A Commercial Air Service or at Starting a Commercial Air Service.)

Passenger revenue
Refers to the revenue earned from the transportation of passengers on scheduled and charter services. Include revenue from all surcharges (baggage, fuel, seat selection, changing or cancelling flights, and so on) that are retained by the air carrier. Exclude amounts such as taxes, navigation fees, security fees, and so on that are collected but passed on to other entities.

Goods revenue
Refers to the revenue earned from the transportation of goods on scheduled and charter services. Exclude taxes such as the Goods and Services Tax (GST), Harmonized Sales Tax (HST) or Provincial Sales Tax (PST).

All other flight-related revenue
Refers to the revenue earned from air transport activities not included in passenger revenue or goods revenue. Include revenue from other flying services such as flying training, recreational flying and other specialty flying.

All other revenue
Include subsidies and revenue earned from all other sources (including contra revenue, revenue of a corporate nature (leasing revenue, third party ground-handling, and so on), ancillary passenger revenue not easily allocated by operating flight (customs brokerage, and so on), revenue from in-flight sales (beverages, food, entertainment and wireless Internet access, and so on)).

Total operating revenue
The sum of passenger revenue, goods revenue, other flight-related revenue and revenue from all other sources.

Example
  CAN$ '000
Operating revenue  
a. Scheduled services - passenger revenue
Include revenue from fees such as baggage, fuel, seat selection, etc.
 
b. Scheduled services - goods revenue  
c. Charter services - passenger revenue  
d. Charter services - goods revenue  
e. All other flight - related revenue
Include revenue from flying services such as flying training, recreational flying, etc.
 
f. All other revenue
Include subsidies and revenue earned from all other sources.
 
Total operating revenue  

Statement of Revenues and Expenses, Annual - Statement 21 (I, II)

2. For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD , what were the details of this business's operating expenses?

Report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Operating expenses - Ground property and equipment maintenance

Employee wages, salaries and benefits
Direct labour costs (wages and salaries) expended on the maintenance of ground property and equipment.
Include benefits such as employer contributions to pensions, medical benefits, insurance, and so on.

All other maintenance - ground property and equipment expenses
Expenses, both direct and indirect, incurred in the repair and upkeep of ground property and equipment.
Include materials and supplies, purchased repair services and all other related expenses.

Total maintenance - ground property and equipment expenses
The sum of the previous two expense items.

Operating expenses - Aircraft operations

Flight crew wages, salaries and benefits
Include the wages, salaries and benefits for flight crews (pilot, co-pilot, navigator, and so on).
Include benefits such as employer contributions to pensions, medical benefits, insurance, and so on and layover expenses such as hotels and meals.

Aircraft fuel and oil
Expenses for turbo fuel, gasoline and all other fuel and oil consumed such as turbine oil and piston oil.
Include throughput charges, non-refundable duties and taxes.

Landing fees
Include airport landing fees paid both in Canada and outside of Canada.

Navigation fees
Charges remitted to NAV CANADA or other international suppliers for the provision of air navigation services. Air navigation services include aeronautical communication services, aeronautical information services, aeronautical radio navigation services, air traffic control services, aviation weather services, emergency assistance services and flight information services.

Aircraft insurance
Expenses for insurance against accidental damage to flight equipment while in flight or on the ground and for insurance against liability occurring from the operation of aircraft or, in the case of non-insurance, the resulting expenses for which the carrier is liable.

Aircraft rental
Expenses incurred for the rental of aircraft (and crew) from other carriers, such as in chartering, interchange and operating or lease agreements.

All other aircraft operation expenses
Expenses incurred directly for the in-flight operation and related standby time of aircraft which are not elsewhere classified.

Total aircraft operations expenses
The sum of the previous seven expense items.

Operating expenses - Flight equipment maintenance

Employee wages, salaries and benefits
Direct labour costs (wages and salaries) expended on the maintenance of flight equipment.
Include benefits such as employer contributions to pensions, medical benefits, insurance, and so on.

Materials and supplies
Expenses on materials and supplies for the maintenance of flight equipment.

Purchased repair services
Expenses for repair services for the maintenance of flight equipment purchased from outside suppliers.

All other maintenance - flight equipment expenses
Expenses, both direct and indirect, incurred in the repair and upkeep of flight equipment.

Total maintenance - flight equipment expenses
The sum of the previous four expense items.

Operating expenses - In-flight services

Employee wages, salaries and benefits

Include:

  • the wages, salaries and benefits paid to cabin crews (flight attendants, and so on);
  • benefits such as employer contributions to pensions, medical benefits, insurance, and so on and layover expenses such as hotels and meals.

Passenger food and supplies
Include expenses for in-flight meals, complimentary drinks, and so on, and the cost of supplies and personal services furnished to passengers.

Passenger liability insurance
Include the premiums for passenger liability and accident insurance paid by the carrier.

All other in-flight service expenses
Include passenger-related expenses incurred due to interrupted flights, including hotels, meals, taxi fares and other expense items, the cost of other services provided to passengers, such as pay, allowances and the cost of passenger service personnel, and all other services provided for the comfort of passengers in transit.

Total in-flight service expenses
The sum of the previous four expense items.

Operating expenses - Aircraft and traffic servicing

Employee wages, salaries and benefits

Include:

  • the wages, salaries and benefits paid to ground personnel;
  • benefits such as employer contributions to pensions, medical benefits, insurance, and so on.

Purchased services
Expenses for aircraft and traffic servicing purchased from outside suppliers.

All other aircraft and traffic servicing expenses
Include expenses incurred on the ground for scheduling or preparing aircraft for arrival and takeoff, expenses incurred in enplaning and deplaning passenger and cargo traffic, and expenses involved in servicing and handling individual aircraft and traffic on the ground, in preparing aircraft crews for flight assignment, in controlling the in-flight movements of aircraft and the in-flight expenses of handling all traffic including baggage.

Total aircraft and traffic servicing expenses
The sum of the previous three expense items.

Operating expenses - Promotion and sales

Employee wages, salaries and benefits

Include:

  • the wages, salaries and benefits paid to all staff engaged in reservations, ticketing, sales and promotional activities;
  • benefits such as employer contributions to pensions, medical benefits, insurance, and so on.

All other promotion and sales expenses

Include:

  • passenger and cargo commission expenses;
  • the net commission payable to others for the sale of transportation on the reporting carrier's service less the commission receivable from the reporting carrier's sale of transportation on other carriers' services, advertising and publicity expenses and any related expenses, accommodation costs, agency fees for outside services, expenses associated with reservations, city ticket offices and other sales expenses.

Total promotion and sales expenses
The sum of the previous two expense items.

Operating expenses - Depreciation

Depreciation - flight equipment

Include:

  • provisions for the depreciation of flight equipment only;
  • all charges incurred in normal wear and tear on flight equipment which have not been replaced by current year repair, as well as losses in service ability.

All other depreciation

Include:

  • provisions for the depreciation of all non-flight ground and property equipment;
  • all charges incurred in normal wear and tear which have not been replaced by current year repair, as well as losses in service ability;
  • charges for the amortization of capitalized development and other intangible assets.

Total depreciation
The sum of the previous two expense items.

Operating expenses - All other expenses
Include general administration.

Employee wages, salaries and benefits

Include:

  • the wages, salaries and benefits paid to all employees performing the general and administrative functions of the air carrier;
  • benefits such as employer contributions to pensions, medical benefits, insurance, and so on.

Exclude all amounts reported in the previous six wages, salaries and benefits categories.

All other expenses

Include:

  • all operating expenses and general administration expenses not reported elsewhere;
  • expenses for general financial accounting activities, supplementary labour income, property taxes, building rentals, communications purchased, purchasing activities, representation at law, and all other operational administration expenses not directly applicable to a particular function that are not included in the previous operating expenses categories;
  • expenses such as incidental air transport-related expenses associated with revenue reported as "all other revenue";
  • all miscellaneous operating expenses not covered elsewhere;
  • staff reduction expenses.

Total other expenses
The sum of the previous two expense items.

Total operating expenses
The sum of the eight expenses sub-totals, in other words, Total maintenance - ground property and equipment expenses, Total aircraft operations expenses, and so on.

Example
  CAN$ '000
Operating expenses - Ground property and equipment maintenance  
a. Employee wages, salaries and benefits  
b. All other maintenance - ground property and equipment expenses  
Total maintenance - ground property and equipment expenses  
Operating expenses - Aircraft operations  
a. Flight crew wages, salaries and benefits  
b. Aircraft fuel and oil  
c. Landing fees  
d. Navigation fees  
e. Aircraft insurance  
f. Aircraft rental  
g. All other aircraft operations expenses  
Total aircraft operations expenses  
Operating expenses - Flight equipment maintenance  
a. Employee wages, salaries and benefits  
b. Materials and supplies  
c. Purchased repair services  
d. All other maintenance - flight equipment expenses  
Total maintenance - flight equipment expenses  
Operating expenses - In-flight service  
a. Employee wages, salaries and benefits  
b. Passenger food and supplies  
c. Passenger liability insurance  
d. All other in-flight service expenses
Include expenses incurred due to interrupted flights such as hotels, meals, etc.
 
Total in-flight service expenses  
Operating expenses - Aircraft and traffic servicing  
a. Employee wages, salaries and benefits  
b. Purchased services  
c. All other aircraft and traffic servicing expenses  
Total aircraft and traffic servicing expenses  
Operating expenses - Promotion and sales  
a. Employee wages, salaries and benefits  
b. All other promotion and sales expenses  
Total promotion and sales expenses  
Operating expenses - Depreciation  
a. Depreciation - flight equipment  
b. All other depreciation
Include provisions for the depreciation of all non-flight ground and property equipment, etc.
 
Total depreciation  
Operating expenses - All other expenses
Include general administration.
 
a. Employee wages, salaries and benefits  
b. All other expenses
Include all operating expenses and general administration expenses not reported elsewhere, expenses such as incidental air transport-related expenses, expenses for general financial accounting activities, supplementary labour income, property taxes, etc.
 
Total other expenses  
Total operating expenses  

Statement of Revenues and Expenses, Annual - Statement 21 (I, II)

3. For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD , what were the details of this business's operating and non-operating income?

Report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Operating income

Net operating income (a loss should be a negative number)
Total operating revenue less total operating expenses - calculated from the previous questions.

Non-operating income/expenses

Interest and discount income
Include interest income from all sources and cash discounts on the purchase of materials and supplies.

Interest expenses
Include interest on unpaid taxes and all classes of debt including premiums, discounts and expenses on short-term obligations, amortization of premiums, discounts and expenses on short-term and long-term obligations.

All other net non-operating income (enter a negative number for a loss)

Include:

  • capital gains (or losses) from retiring operating property and equipment, aircraft equipment, expendable parts, miscellaneous materials and supplies and other assets, when they are sold or otherwise retired from service as part of a general program and not as incidental sales performed as a service to others;
  • gains or losses made on investments in securities;
  • net miscellaneous non-operating income or loss, which refers to revenue and expenses attributable to financing or other activities that are not an integral part of the air transportation activities undertaken by the carrier, or its incidental services. These could include dividend income, the balance of all income or losses from affiliated companies reimbursed to the carrier, foreign exchange adjustments and special items, such as restructuring expenses, which do not occur on a regular basis.

Exclude staff reduction expenses which should be included under all other expenses.

Net non-operating income (a loss should be a negative number)
The sum of the previous three income or expense items.

Provision for income taxes
Include the provision for taxes payable on net income for the accounting period and adjustments of income taxes relating to previous years, including provisions for deferred income taxes resulting from differences between accounting income and taxable income that arise when the time of including items of revenue and expense in the computation of accounting income and taxable income do not coincide. If the net amount is negative, then the amount indicated for this item should be shown with a negative (-) sign.

Net income (a loss should be a negative number)
Net operating income plus net non-operating income less the provision for income taxes.

Example
  CAN$ '000
Operating income  
a. Net operating income (a loss should be a negative number)
Calculated from the previous questions as total operating revenue [$ amount] less total operating expenses [$ amount].
 
Non-operating income/expenses  
a. Interest and discount income  
b. Interest expenses  
c. All other net non-operating income (enter a negative number for a loss)  
Net non-operating income (a loss should be a negative number)  
d. Provision for income taxes  
Net income (a loss should be a negative number)  

Statement of Revenues and Expenses, Annual - Statement 21 (I, II)

4. For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD , please provide the details of this business's fuel consumption.

Fuel and oil consumed

Turbo fuel consumed
Include fuel used in both turboprop and jet aircraft.
Provide the quantity and expenses for turbo fuel consumed. Turbo fuel includes the turbine fuel uplifted for all aircraft in the carrier's fleet. Fuel uplift can be determined based on delivery notes or invoices, aircraft onboard measurement systems or, if the fuel was supplied by a customer, estimated based on hours flown. Report the quantity of turbo fuel consumed in litres.
Include turbo fuel consumed for all scheduled and/or charter operations, regardless of where purchased. The expenses for turbo fuel consumed should be reported in Canadian dollars, regardless of where purchased. Include throughput charges, non-refundable duties and taxes. If the fuel was supplied by a customer, an approximate value may be provided based on prevailing market rates.

Conversion factor
To convert gallons (imperial) into litres (l), multiply by 4.546092.

All other fuel and oil consumed
Provide the quantity and expenses for all non-turbo fuel and oil consumed. Report the quantity of all other fuel and oil consumed in litres.
The quantity should include gasoline, turbine oil, piston oil and all other types of fuel and oil consumed for all scheduled and/or charter operations, regardless of where purchased. The expenses for all other fuel and oil consumed should be reported in Canadian dollars, regardless of where purchased. Include throughput charges, non-refundable duties and taxes.

Conversion factor
To convert gallons (imperial) into litres (l), multiply by 4.546092.

Total fuel and oil consumed
The sum of the quantities and expenses reported in the previous two items.

Example
  Quantity -
Litres (L)
Expenses
CAN$ '000
Fuel and oil consumed    
a. Turbo fuel consumed (litres)
Include fuel used in both turbopop and jet aircraft.
   
b. All other fuel and oil consumed (litres)    
Total fuel and oil consumed (litres)    

5. For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD , please provide the details of this business's employment.

Employment

Average number of employees
Refer to the average number of people employed for each of the six categories of personnel. Include all employees, temporary or permanent, on the payroll of the air carrier during the reporting period. Include part-time employees, prorated to the amount of time worked when compared to full-time employees (for example, two part-time employees working half-time are equivalent to one full-time employee).

Wages and salaries expenses
Include a breakdown of the wages and salaries paid for each of the six categories of personnel.
Exclude all benefits, in other words, employer contributions to pensions, medical benefits, insurance, and so on or layover expenses, such as hotels and meals, for flight and cabin crews.

Employment category

Include:

  • Pilots and co-pilots. Self-explanatory;
  • Other flight personnel. Flight crew (including flight engineers, navigators, and so on) and cabin crew (including flight attendants, and so on);
  • General management and administration employees (including the personnel performing the general and administrative functions such as administrative personnel at headquarters, comptrollers and assistants, directors and assistants (operations, passenger service, public relations, sales), and so on);
  • Maintenance personnel (including the personnel performing the ground property and equipment maintenance such as the carpenters, cleaners, and so on and including the personnel performing the flight equipment maintenance such as the aircraft maintenance engineers and the inspectors of flight equipment);
  • Aircraft and traffic servicing personnel (including supervisory personnel, assigned to ground activities, engaged directly in protecting and controlling aircraft in flight (flight dispatch personnel, flight planning staff), in scheduling and preparing flight crews for flight assignment, in parking and servicing aircraft incidental to line operations and including baggage handlers, aircraft fuelers, and so on);
  • All other employees (including air ambulance attendants, accountants, economists, statisticians, lawyers, purchasing personnel, publicity representatives, and so on).

Total employees
The sum of the number and the wages and salaries expenses for the six categories of personnel.

Example
  Average number of employees Wages and salaries expenses
CAN$ '000
Employment    
a. Pilots and co-pilots    
b. Other flight personnel
Include flight engineers, navigators, flight attendants, etc.
   
c. General management and administration employees    
d. Maintenance personnel    
e. Aircraft and traffic servicing personnel
Include flight dispatch personnel, flight planning staff, aircraft fuelers, etc.
   
f. All other employees
Include air ambulance attendants, accountants, purchasing personnel, etc.
   
Total employees    

6. For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD , please provide the distribution of this business's revenue and expenses by area of operation.

Revenue or expenses by area of operation

Passenger revenue
Include a breakdown of the revenue earned from the transportation of passengers for each province, territory and outside of Canada based on where the transportation service was provided. Total passenger revenue should equal the sum of passenger revenue from scheduled services and charter services previously reported.

Goods revenue
Include a breakdown of the revenue earned from the transportation of goods for each province, territory and outside of Canada based on where the transportation service was provided. Total goods revenue should equal the sum of goods revenue from scheduled services and charter services previously reported.

Employee wages and salaries
Include a breakdown of employee wages and salaries for each province, territory and outside of Canada based on where the employees are located. Total employee wages and salaries should equal the total wages and salaries expenses reported in the "Employment" section above.

Example
  Passenger revenue
CAN$ '000
Goods revenue
CAN$ '000
Employee wages and salaries
CAN$ '000
Area of operation      
a. Newfoundland and Labrador      
b. Prince Edward Island      
c. Nova Scotia      
d. New Brunswick      
e. Quebec      
f. Ontario      
g. Manitoba      
h. Saskatchewan      
i. Alberta      
j. British Columbia      
k. Yukon      
l. Northwest Territories      
m. Nunavut      
n. Outside Canada      
Total      

Changes or events

1. Indicate any changes or events that affected the reported values for this business or organization, compared with the last reporting period.

Select all that apply.

  • Strike or lock-out
  • Exchange rate impact
  • Price changes in goods or services sold
  • Contracting out
  • Organizational change
  • Price changes in labour or raw materials
  • Natural disaster
  • Recession
  • Change in product line
  • Sold business or business units
  • Expansion
  • New or lost contract
  • Plant closures
  • Acquisition of business or business units
  • Other - Specify the other changes or events:
  • No change or event

Contact person

1. Statistics Canada may need to contact the person who completed this questionnaire for further information.

Is ([Provided Given Names]) , ([Provided Family Name]) the best person to contact?

  • Yes
  • No

Who is the best person to contact about this questionnaire?

  • First name:
  • Last name:
  • Title:
  • Email address:
  • Telephone number (including area code):
  • Extension number (if applicable):
  • Fax number (including area code):

Feedback

1. How long did it take to complete this questionnaire?

Include the time spent gathering the necessary information.

Hours:

Minutes:

2. Do you have any comments about this questionnaire?

Enter your comments

Eh Sayers Episode 8 - Dude, Where's My Semiconductor?

Release date: April 28, 2022

Catalogue number: 45-20-0003
ISSN: 2816-2250

Eh Sayers podcast

As the effects of the pandemic continue into its second year, we have all had to make adjustments with the way we go about our daily lives. We have seen plenty of service disruptions, closures of services and delays due to semiconductor scarcities, inclement weather or shifts in supply and demand. But what is the real cause of these disruptions and what is the supply chain that everyone is talking about it? Our guest, Andrew Barclay, an economist at Statistics Canada discusses the supply chain, what it is and why it's important to Canadians. He also discusses the ripple effect it has on our consumer goods and services.

Host

Tegan Bridge

Guest

Andrew Barclay, Economist at Statistics Canada

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Eh Sayers Episode 8 - Dude, Where's My Semiconductor? - Transcript

Media Sound Bites

"There's a global microchip shortage…" - CBC News

"It is quite amazing when you think that just a component that, you know, is a couple of dollars, can really halt full production of a product that is worth tens of thousands of dollars…." - Economist Rebekah Young, CBC News

"It's estimated Canada will produce just 1.2 million vehicles this year. That's down from 1.4(million) last year at far below the pre pandemic yearly average of 2.2 million…" - Jacquelin Hansen, CBC News reporter – (Scotiabank Economics, Wards Automotive)

Tegan: And I have to buy a car. Lucky me!

(Theme)

Tegan: Welcome to Eh Sayers, a podcast from Statistics Canada, where we meet the people behind the data and explore the stories behind the numbers. I'm your host, Tegan.

If you're like me, you've never heard the words "supply chain" before March 2020, and since then, you hear it all the time. You might have even heard that semiconductors are the new toilet paper, just like Wordle is the new sourdough starter. That's some pandemic humour for you.

In all of this, I have to buy a car. This is definitely not the moment I would choose to buy a car, if I had the choice. One salesman I spoke to said that his job had changed quite a lot. He used to only deal with the sales side of the business, selling cars to people who wanted to buy them. But, his dealership was having trouble keeping enough cars on the lot, so for the first time, he had been tasked with also finding used cars to sell. All that to say that it was definitely not business as usual in the used car market.

To understand what's going on, I turned to a colleague at Statistics Canada.

Andrew: Hi, my name is Andrew Barclay. I'm an economist with Statistics Canada.

Tegan: I'm in the process of buying a used car, and it's much harder than I was expecting. It feels very competitive. By the time I've found a car online and decided I'm interested and reach out to the dealer, very often the car's already been sold. What's going on?

Andrew: So, for almost half a year now, we've really started to see prices increase for passenger vehicles. And it's kind of a combination of multiple factors associated with the supply chain, associated with increased demand on the consumer side and just all of these things, kind of coming together. And, it obviously, it creates problems for people like you and when you're trying to pick out that perfect car and hope that you can negotiate a deal and all of those things.

Tegan: You said the supply chain. What is the supply chain? I've been hearing that a lot lately and I don't know if I've ever really heard it before.

Andrew: So, on a very simple level, supply chain is basically the process of taking, you know, a product in its original state and then, when it gets to you, it's in its final state. So that could include things like, you know, natural resources: so, say how iron ore gets turned into aluminum or steel, and all the way down to eventually when you buy that car from that dealer and it's in your possession. So the whole supply chain is that, from that raw resource all the way to you picking your car up.

Tegan: And why is that term, 'the supply chain', why do I feel it ever present in the news right now?

Andrew: It's probably present in the news right now because we've seen kind of a unique time for price increases. So inflation in December was at 4.8%. That's the highest it's been since the 1990s and people are wondering why, why those prices increased. And one of the clearest reasons is because of disruptions to the supply chain associated with, you know, a number of factors, whether it's COVID-19 and people staying home or it's other factors like increased demand or shifting demand for different products. And then when people want something and they want it now and everybody else wants it now, those prices go up and that's where you hear the talk of the supply chain coming into effect.

Tegan: Is it just cars or are there other products have been affected?

Andrew: It's pretty broad based. We see food prices being impacted by supply chains, we see household durables, things like appliances and furniture, things that are imported from elsewhere in the world are often times facing increased prices, and that's associated with it to some extent. It's associated with some of those supply changes through options that you've probably been hearing about it.

Tegan: And is this uniquely a Canadian problem, or is it bigger than that?

Andrew: It's definitely bigger than that. If you look, throughout the world, you'll probably, an indicator to some extent of supply chain disruption is an increase in prices. And we're seeing it throughout, the world from the United States, which had a, you know, the highest rate of inflation since the early 1980s. Europe, and the UK. All of these countries are kind of experiencing much higher prices and for the most— to some extent it's being caused by supply chain disruptions.

Tegan: You talked about COVID-19. What are some of the other causes of these supply chain disruptions?

Andrew: So, COVID-19 is kind of a big overarching theme and you can point to it directing other behaviors that are also, you know, partly responsible for some of these disruptions. So, for instance, shipping containers have become a lot more expensive. So shipping goods from Asia has become a lot more expensive and Canadians import certain products from Asia quite a bit. And those containers are both more expensive to ship and they're taking longer to get here. In the summer of 2019, it took about, you know, 40 to 50 days for a container to, on average, get from Asia to North America. Now it's about 110 days.

So that kind of disruption stems originally, maybe from COVID, because there was an expectation that the downturn that was predicted with COVID-19 would be similar to the downturn that happened during the financial crisis in 2008, and that was that world trade would slow down. And, actually, the opposite happened. A lot of governments around the world supported incomes in probably unprecedented ways. So people were all of a sudden living at home and they were looking to, say, improve their house or their immediate surroundings. I mean, we heard a lot of things about, you know the sourdough revolution of everyone making sourdough at home. Well, Canadians took that that time to improve their immediate surroundings. They bought couches, they bought furniture, they bought those types of things. And that wasn't really necessarily expected and you had to ramp up production or you had to change supply chains to meet this new type of demand. So in a way, it all kind of stems from COVID, but there are kind of these secondary results that have occurred.

There's other things that are more direct things like absences from work, so we've had, you know, slaughterhouses shut down because of COVID outbreaks within them, and that obviously impacts the price of meat. It is very overarching and it probably still comes down to mostly COVID impacting things and impacting behavior.

Tegan: And what are some of the consequences of the supply chain disruption that consumers might see on a day to day basis or even in a bigger way?

Andrew: We sometimes focus on seeing that the more affordability issues, the issues that people are dealing with on a regular basis, and that would be things like food prices or gasoline prices. And food is probably the biggest thing that people see on a on a daily basis. And food prices are really interesting because, I mean, we're all consumers, right? You and I are consumers and I see it when I go into the store. And that's probably the most relevant area where Canadians really see it on a regular basis. And that's where you get in, you know, shipping fees. That's where you get in weather related incidents. That's where you get into production-related industries where for any product that has any type of, like you know, refinery kind of process so like meat has to go through the slaughterhouse, but meat prices are influenced by how cheap it is to feed the animal, how much labor costs, how much it costs to ship to the abattoir. All of those prices go into things and it's probably the most relevant where people see it on a real day to day basis.

Tegan: Is some amount of ebb and flow of product availability to be expected? Is it possible that we're just so used to having whatever we'd like to buy at our fingertips, and maybe that's actually the unusual thing?

Andrew: So, I think that there is perhaps a level of impatience amongst modern consumers. I don't know that I have data to completely back that up but I think that some of those expectations are based on kind of the recent experiences of consumers where they haven't experienced shortages or they haven't experienced having to wait long periods of time. And I think much of that new experience can be partially attributable to COVID-19 and the pandemic and how producers have kind of had to, you know, jump back and forth about what they can expect from demand or what they can expect consumers to want. You know, like I always talk about the opening and the closing of restaurants and how producers of food have to change between the expectations of grocery stores and the expectations of restaurants. About what type of product they want and what type of product is consumed in each of those locations. So, when we eat food at home versus when we eat food at a restaurant is often times, you know, a totally different manufacturing process for food processors.

So, when you think about any type of baking that that you do, often times you'll have a certain sized bag of flour. Well, that's a different bag of flour for the restaurant because they're obviously dealing with higher volumes than you are as a, you know, someone feeding your family. Those manufacturers have to shift what the consumer wants. In one case, the consumer is the restaurant, in the other case the consumer is you or I who are purchasing at a grocery store. And those kinds of shifts aren't, they don't happen quickly. If they do happen quickly then they still have costs associated with them and those higher costs are going to be pushed along to the consumer. Now, the problem is that they also take time and those time lags is where it runs into, probably maybe addressing what you asked about, the just in time kind of consumption that we hope to have. The other core element is that, it is a unique period in recent history, around where disposable income is, and where it can go. So I don't wanna minimize anyone's experience during the pandemic or minimize anyone's struggles to, kind of, make ends meet during the pandemic, but there has been a tremendous amount of savings going on in the economy.

So, for six consecutive quarters we've had double digit savings. And a lot of that savings has gone towards new houses, or houses in general and we can see it, you know, with the housing market in the state that it is, but a lot of that money is also gone towards paying down debt and other things. But it also hasn't gone towards travel or going out to dinner or things like that and it's gone towards the same thing for everyone. And that includes, you know, improving your immediate surroundings. So it may be buying that new big screen TV or buying that new furniture. And when everyone is doing it at the same time then that, 'just in time' becomes problematic because producers aren't used to, waves of demand. You know, they're used to more consistent gradual demand or continuous demand as opposed to kind of everybody purchasing it at the same time.

It's probably also reflected in some of the increase that we've seen in purchase of passenger vehicles. So cars have become more expensive. Part of the story is the semiconductor issue but another part of the story is that Canadians as a public health measure, have been removed. Canadians can travel again. Canadians can drive around again and that putting off of a purchase, So why would you buy a car when you can't do anything with the car? It doesn't really make sense so when you can do something then Canadians start to consume it. And then, since we're all doing it at the same time, it leads to shortages or at least a price increases.

Tegan: What's the link between supply chain disruptions and inflation?

Andrew: Supply didn't, supply chain disruption would kind of have multiple impacts. The first is that you probably have lower production. Or an item is stuck somewhere. You know, in the case of personal passenger vehicles or cars. A lot of the cars have been finished, they just need the semiconductor chip to be added. That car can't go to the consumer at that point in time. So because there's fewer cars, you know it's a simple economics 101. You know there's high demand or there's stable demand or something associated with demand is stable. And you have lower production, so you have more people chasing fewer products that leads to higher prices.

Tegan: Yeah, we've talked about a bunch of different factors which, as you say, you know, weather it might not necessarily be considered a part of the supply chain, but it certainly has an effect so that, you know, weather, labour you're talking about, shipping container issues, COVID-19, consumer behavior and purchasing patterns, consumers who for whatever reason have access to more cash. There are a lot of different factors at play here, and yet we talked about the supply chain as though it's a simple issue to fix, but that's not the case at all, is it?

Andrew: No, no, no, here, you're absolutely right in your analysis. It's complicated and it's, there are many factors, kind of, at play. If we take something like semiconductors, you know, couple years ago now, but back in the before times as I say, you know, there was a lot of political conflict associated between some superpowers. And, there was concern among certain telecommunications firms that they might be cut off from access to markets. And they behaved accordingly.

Now other telecommunications companies in the same industry saw what was happening and behaved in a similar way. Now, that indirectly, you know, lead to supply chain issues. And when COVID happened, auto companies responded in a certain way with certain expectations about planning. And once those projections were, or those expectations were proved incorrect, they had to change their behaviour again, and by that point they were kind of at the bottom of the queue for semiconductors. And all of those things are really interconnected, so it comes from telecommunications to, you know, political situations, to demand, to COVID. And it is very interrelated and things can influence, kind of, other things. For food prices, for instance. Natural gas is a key input in food prices. And, you know, a particularly cold winter in Europe can drive up international prices for natural gas. Which influence the input prices that go into food, which then influenced the price of food, manifesting itself for consumers.

Tegan: What do you hope listeners get out of this episode?

Andrew: So, first of all, I think it's really important that we recognize that we're kind of all in this together and at higher prices are frustrating for all of us and I certainly sympathize with everyone kind of experience. I think what we need to know what we want. What I'd like to get across or, what we maybe should be focused on, is that the supply chains aren't the sole reason for why prices are increasing. And it's not necessarily a clear causation between supply chain disruption and then an automatic rising in prices. There's lots of factors that go into prices, and there's lots of determinants of prices. In the grand scheme of things it's mostly supply and demand, but there are other things that are happening. I want to emphasize that it is complex.

I think, the complexity that's associated with higher prices aren't strictly down to supply chain factors. There are a handful of other things that are happening, whether that's firms changing prices, whether that's higher demand, whether that's disruptions to supply chain or disruptions in general that can factor into prices. When things change, it generally manifests itself in higher prices for consumers. So, if things can kind of get back to quote, unquote, normal. And consumers start to behave the way, or we start to consume in the way things were prior to the onset of the pandemic, then that's when we can kind of expect more stability in prices, more stability in that price change area.

Tegan: If someone would like to learn more about the supply chain, where can they go?

Andrew: Where you can go, I think, to kind of understand where prices are changing the most for you as a Canadian or as a consumer, is to visit the Personal Inflation Calculator.

Tegan: If you heard our recent episode on inflation, you might already be familiar with the Personal Inflation Calculator. This tool lets you see how much you're being affected by inflation by calculating your own personal inflation rate. Find it on the StatCan website!

Andrew: Everyone really has their own experience with inflation. You know, there's a difference between, say, someone who's a homeowner versus someone who rents or someone who's a vegetarian versus someone who consumes meat products. And using that personal inflation calculator can really see perhaps how those supply chains are eventually manifesting themselves in in higher prices for you individually.

Tegan: For example, my personal inflation rate is now going to be affected by gas prices because, good news, I did manage to buy a car! It's a sedan. It's blue. And I'm happy!

You've been listening to Eh Sayers. Thank you to Andrew Barclay for taking the time to answer all of our questions. You can subscribe to this show wherever you get your podcasts. There, you can also find the French version of our show called, Hé-coutez bien! If you liked this show, please rate, review, and subscribe.

This is the last episode of season two, so we'd like to take the opportunity to thank everyone who contributed. Thank you to Janelle Bah, Sarah Messou-Ghelazzi, Martin Charlebois, Alexandra Bassa, and Tony Colasante for production support and to the subject matter experts and the many other internal teams who support this show. Audio engineering by Max Zimmerman and Jessie James McCutcheon. The logo was created by Vincenzo Germano. Thank you to Annik Lepage and Marc Bazinet for steering this ship. My name is Tegan Bridge, and I've been your host. And thanks to you, for listening!

See you in season three!