Concordance: National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011 to International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) 2008

* - part of ISCO class

Concordance between the National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011 (first two columns: code, title) and the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) 2008 (last four columns: part of ISCO class, code, title and explanatory notes).

Concordance: National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011 to International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) 2008.
NOC 2011 ISCO 2008
Code Title P Code Title Explanatory notes
0011 Legislators   1111 Legislators  
  1113 Traditional chiefs and heads of villages  
0012 Senior government managers and officials * 1112 Senior government officials Except police commissioners
0013 Senior managers - financial, communications and other business services * 1120 Managing directors and chief executives Senior managers - financial, communications and other business services
0014 Senior managers - health, education, social and community services and membership organizations   1114 Senior officials of special-interest organizations  
* 1120 Managing directors and chief executives Senior managers - health, education, social and community services (except senior managers - membership organizations)
0015 Senior managers - trade, broadcasting and other services, n.e.c. * 1120 Managing directors and chief executives Senior managers - trade, broadcasting and other services, n.e.c.
0016 Senior managers - construction, transportation, production and utilities * 1120 Managing directors and chief executives Senior managers - construction, transportation, production and utilities
0111 Financial managers * 1211 Finance managers Except accounting and auditing firm managers
0112 Human resources managers * 1212 Human resource managers Except personnel agency managers and payroll service managers
0113 Purchasing managers * 1219 Business services and administration managers not elsewhere classified Purchasing managers (except supply chain managers)
* 1324 Supply, distribution and related managers Supply chain managers
0114 Other administrative services managers * 1213 Policy and planning managers Planning and organizational development managers
* 1219 Business services and administration managers not elsewhere classified Other administrative services managers (except planning and organizational development managers)
0121 Insurance, real estate and financial brokerage managers * 1346 Financial and insurance services branch managers Insurance, real estate and financial brokerage managers
0122 Banking, credit and other investment managers * 1346 Financial and insurance services branch managers Banking, credit and other investment managers
0124 Advertising, marketing and public relations managers * 1221 Sales and marketing managers Marketing managers
* 1222 Advertising and public relations managers Except market research service managers
0125 Other business services managers * 1211 Finance managers Accounting and auditing firm managers
* 1212 Human resource managers Personnel agency managers and payroll service managers
* 1213 Policy and planning managers Organizational planning and development directors and organizational methods analysis directors
* 1219 Business services and administration managers not elsewhere classified Corporate services managers
* 1222 Advertising and public relations managers Market research service managers
* 1349 Professional services managers not elsewhere classified Legal firm managers, conference services managers, security services managers and other professional business services managers
* 1439 Services managers not elsewhere classified Contact centre managers
0131 Telecommunication carriers managers * 1330 Information and communications technology service managers Telecommunication carriers managers
0132 Postal and courier services managers * 1324 Supply, distribution and related managers Postal and courier services managers
0211 Engineering managers * 1223 Research and development managers Managers, engineering research and development
* 1349 Professional services managers not elsewhere classified Engineering managers (except research and development managers)
0212 Architecture and science managers * 1223 Research and development managers Scientific research department managers
* 1349 Professional services managers not elsewhere classified Architecture and science managers (except research and development managers)
0213 Computer and information systems managers * 1330 Information and communications technology service managers Computer and information systems managers
0311 Managers in health care   1342 Health services managers  
* 1343 Aged care services managers Nursing home directors - aged care
0411 Government managers - health and social policy development and program administration * 1213 Policy and planning managers Government managers - health and social policy development and program administration
0412 Government managers - economic analysis, policy development and program administration * 1213 Policy and planning managers Government managers - economic analysis, policy development and program administration
0413 Government managers - education policy development and program administration * 1213 Policy and planning managers Government managers - education policy development and program administration
0414 Other managers in public administration * 1213 Policy and planning managers Other managers in public administration
0421 Administrators - post-secondary education and vocational training * 1345 Education managers Administrators - post-secondary education and vocational training
0422 School principals and administrators of elementary and secondary education * 1345 Education managers School principals and administrators of elementary and secondary education
0423 Managers in social, community and correctional services   1341 Child care services managers  
* 1343 Aged care services managers Managers in social and community services - aged care
  1344 Social welfare managers  
* 1349 Professional services managers not elsewhere classified Correctional services managers, and labour, professional, political or trade organization/association managers
0431 Commissioned police officers * 1112 Senior government officials Police commissioners
* 1349 Professional services managers not elsewhere classified Commissioned police officers (except police inspectors and commissioners)
* 3355 Police inspectors and detectives Police inspectors
0432 Fire chiefs and senior firefighting officers * 1349 Professional services managers not elsewhere classified Fire chiefs and senior firefighting officers
0433 Commissioned officers of the Canadian Forces   0110 Commissioned armed forces officers  
0511 Library, archive, museum and art gallery managers * 1349 Professional services managers not elsewhere classified Library, archive, museum and art gallery managers
0512 Managers - publishing, motion pictures, broadcasting and performing arts * 1349 Professional services managers not elsewhere classified Managers - publishing, motion pictures, broadcasting and performing arts
0513 Recreation, sports and fitness program and service directors * 1349 Professional services managers not elsewhere classified Recreation, sports and fitness program and service directors (except sports and recreation centre directors)
* 1431 Sports, recreation and cultural centre managers Sports and recreation centre directors
0601 Corporate sales managers * 1221 Sales and marketing managers Corporate sales managers
0621 Retail and wholesale trade managers   1420 Retail and wholesale trade managers  
* 1439 Services managers not elsewhere classified Travel agency managers
  4213 Pawnbrokers and money-lenders  
  5221 Shopkeepers  
0631 Restaurant and food service managers   1412 Restaurant managers  
0632 Accommodation service managers   1411 Hotel managers  
* 1439 Services managers not elsewhere classified Campground managers
* 5152 Domestic housekeepers Bed and breakfast operators
0651 Managers in customer and personal services, n.e.c. * 1431 Sports, recreation and cultural centre managers Billiard hall and movie theatre managers
* 1439 Services managers not elsewhere classified Managers in customer and personal services, n.e.c. (except billiard hall and movie theatre managers)
0711 Construction managers   1323 Construction managers  
0712 Home building and renovation managers   7111 House builders  
0714 Facility operation and maintenance managers * 1219 Business services and administration managers not elsewhere classified Facility operation and maintenance managers (except warehouse and distribution centre managers, airport managers, harbour masters, conference centre managers, shopping centre managers and recreation, sport or cultural facility managers)
* 1324 Supply, distribution and related managers Warehouse and distribution centre managers, airport managers and harbour masters
* 1431 Sports, recreation and cultural centre managers Recreation, sport or cultural facility managers
* 1439 Services managers not elsewhere classified Conference centre and shopping centre managers
0731 Managers in transportation * 1324 Supply, distribution and related managers Managers in transportation
0811 Managers in natural resources production and fishing * 1311 Agricultural and forestry production managers Forestry operations manager
* 1312 Aquaculture and fisheries production managers Fishing operations managers
  1322 Mining managers  
0821 Managers in agriculture * 1311 Agricultural and forestry production managers Large scale agricultural operation managers
* 6111 Field crop and vegetable growers Except contractors, supervisors and general farm workers
* 6112 Tree and shrub crop growers Except contractors, supervisors and general farm workers
* 6113 Gardeners, horticultural and nursery growers Market gardeners
* 6114 Mixed crop growers Except contractors, supervisors and general farm workers
* 6121 Livestock and dairy producers Except contractors, supervisors and general farm workers
* 6122 Poultry producers Except contractors, supervisors and general farm workers
* 6123 Apiarists and sericulturists Except contractors, supervisors and general farm workers
* 6129 Animal producers not elsewhere classified Except contractors, supervisors and general farm workers
* 6130 Mixed crop and animal producers Except contractors, supervisors and general farm workers
0822 Managers in horticulture * 6113 Gardeners, horticultural and nursery growers Managers in horticulture
0823 Managers in aquaculture * 1312 Aquaculture and fisheries production managers Aquaculture managers
* 6221 Aquaculture workers Fish and oyster farmers
0911 Manufacturing managers * 1321 Manufacturing managers Except power plant and water and waste treatment managers
0912 Utilities managers * 1321 Manufacturing managers Power plant and water and waste treatment managers
* 1324 Supply, distribution and related managers Directors, distribution systems - utilities
1111 Financial auditors and accountants   2411 Accountants  
1112 Financial and investment analysts * 2413 Financial analysts Financial and investment analysts
1113 Securities agents, investment dealers and brokers * 3311 Securities and finance dealers and brokers Securities agents, investment dealers and brokers (except commodity brokers)
* 3324 Trade brokers Commodity brokers
1114 Other financial officer   2412 Financial and investment advisers  
* 2413 Financial analysts Other financial officers (except financial and investment advisers, other financial brokers, mortgage underwriters and credit adjudicators)
* 3311 Securities and finance dealers and brokers Other financial brokers
* 3312 Credit and loans officers Mortgage underwriters and credit adjudicators
1121 Human resources professionals * 2423 Personnel and careers professionals Human resources professionals (except staff training and development professionals)
  2424 Training and staff development professionals  
1122 Professional occupations in business management consulting   2421 Management and organization analysts  
* 2621 Archivists and curators Records management specialists
1123 Professional occupations in advertising, marketing and public relations * 2431 Advertising and marketing professionals Professional occupations in advertising and marketing
  2432 Public relations professionals  
* 3339 Business services agents not elsewhere classified Literary agents, performers agents and sports agents
1211 Supervisors, general office and administrative support workers * 3341 Office supervisors Supervisors, general office and administrative support workers
* 7321 Pre-press technicians Supervisors, desktop publishing operators and related occupations
1212 Supervisors, finance and insurance office workers * 3341 Office supervisors Supervisors, finance and insurance office workers
1213 Supervisors, library, correspondence and related information workers * 3341 Office supervisors Supervisors, library, correspondence and related information workers
* 3354 Government licensing officials Supervisors, regulatory clerks
* 9623 Meter readers and vending-machine collectors Supervisors, meter readers
1214 Supervisors, mail and message distribution occupations * 3341 Office supervisors Mail and postal clerks supervisors
1215 Supervisors, supply chain, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations * 3331 Clearing and forwarding agents Freight forwarding logisticians, shipping and receiving supervisors
* 3341 Office supervisors Supervisors, production, purchasing, parts, stock shipping and receiving clerks
1221 Administrative officers * 3343 Administrative and executive secretaries Administrative officers
1222 Executive assistants * 3343 Administrative and executive secretaries Executive assistants
1223 Human resources and recruitment officers   3333 Employment agents and contractors  
1224 Property administrators * 3334 Real estate agents and property managers Property managers
1225 Purchasing agents and officers * 3323 Buyers Purchasing agents and officers
1226 Conference and event planners   3332 Conference and event planners  
1227 Court officers and justices of the peace * 3411 Legal and related associate professionals Court officers and justices of the peace
1228 Employment insurance, immigration, border services and revenue officers   3351 Customs and border inspectors  
  3352 Government tax and excise officials  
* 3353 Government social benefits officials Employment insurance officers
1241 Administrative assistants * 3343 Administrative and executive secretaries Administrative assistants
  4120 Secretaries (general)  
1242 Legal administrative assistants   3342 Legal secretaries  
* 3411 Legal and related associate professionals Legal assistants
1243 Medical administrative assistants * 3344 Medical secretaries Except medical transcriptionists
1251 Court reporters, medical transcriptionists and related occupations * 3343 Administrative and executive secretaries Court reporters
* 3344 Medical secretaries Medical transcriptionists
* 4131 Typists and word processing operators Stenographers, reporters, transcribers and related occupations (except court reporters and medical transcriptionists)
1252 Health information management occupations * 3252 Medical records and health information technicians Health information management occupations
1253 Records management technicians * 4415 Filing and copying clerks Records management technicians
1254 Statistical officers and related research support occupations   3314 Statistical, mathematical and related associate professionals  
1311 Accounting technicians and bookkeepers   3313 Accounting associate professionals  
1312 Insurance adjusters and claims examiners * 3315 Valuers and loss assessors Insurance adjusters and claims examiners
1313 Insurance underwriters * 3321 Insurance representatives Insurance underwriters
1314 Assessors, valuators and appraisers * 3315 Valuers and loss assessors Assessors, valuators and appraisers
1315 Customs, ship and other brokers * 3324 Trade brokers Ship brokers and other brokers (except customs brokers)
* 3331 Clearing and forwarding agents Customs brokers
1411 General office support workers * 3252 Medical records and health information technicians Medical records clerks and health information clerks
  4110 General office clerks  
* 4131 Typists and word processing operators Word processor clerks and typists
  4414 Scribes and related workers  
* 4415 Filing and copying clerks Except records management technicians
1414 Receptionists   4223 Telephone switchboard operators  
  4226 Receptionists (general)  
  4229 Client information workers not elsewhere classified  
1415 Personnel clerks   4416 Personnel clerks  
1416 Court clerks * 3411 Legal and related associate professionals Court clerks
1422 Data entry clerks   4132 Data entry clerks  
1423 Desktop publishing operators and related occupations * 7321 Pre-press technicians Desktop publishing operators and related occupations
1431 Accounting and related clerks   4311 Accounting and bookkeeping clerks  
* 4312 Statistical, finance and insurance clerks Tax clerks and finance clerks
1432 Payroll clerks   4313 Payroll clerks  
1434 Banking, insurance and other financial clerks * 4312 Statistical, finance and insurance clerks Banking, insurance and other financial clerks
1435 Collectors   4214 Debt-collectors and related workers  
1451 Library assistants and clerks   4411 Library clerks  
1452 Correspondence, publication and regulatory clerks * 3354 Government licensing officials Except supervisors and driver's licence examiners
* 4413 Coding, proof-reading and related clerks Proofreaders
  4419 Clerical support workers not elsewhere classified  
1454 Survey interviewers and statistical clerks   4227 Survey and market research interviewers  
* 4312 Statistical, finance and insurance clerks Statistical clerks
* 4413 Coding, proof-reading and related clerks Coding clerks - statistics
* 9623 Meter readers and vending-machine collectors Meter readers
1511 Mail, postal and related workers * 4211 Bank tellers and related clerks Postal counter clerks
* 4412 Mail carriers and sorting clerks Mail, postal and related workers (except postal counter clerks)
1512 Letter carriers * 4412 Mail carriers and sorting clerks Letter carriers
1513 Couriers, messengers and door-to-door distributors * 9621 Messengers, package deliverers and luggage porters Couriers, messengers and door-to-door distributors
1521 Shippers and receivers * 3331 Clearing and forwarding agents Shipping agents and freight shippers-receivers
* 4321 Stock clerks Shipping and receiving clerks
1522 Storekeepers and partspersons * 4321 Stock clerks Storekeepers and partspersons
1523 Production logistics co-ordinators   4322 Production clerks  
1524 Purchasing and inventory control workers * 4321 Stock clerks Purchasing and inventory control workers
1525 Dispatchers * 4323 Transport clerks Dispatchers
1526 Transportation route and crew schedulers * 4323 Transport clerks Transportation route and crew schedulers
2111 Physicists and astronomers * 2111 Physicists and astronomers Except ballisticians and astronauts
2112 Chemists   2113 Chemists  
2113 Geoscientists and oceanographers   2114 Geologists and geophysicists  
2114 Meteorologists and climatologists   2112 Meteorologists  
2115 Other professional occupations in physical sciences * 2111 Physicists and astronomers Ballisticians and astronauts
* 2132 Farming, forestry and fisheries advisers Soil scientists
* 2146 Mining engineers, metallurgists and related professionals Metallurgists and materials scientists
2121 Biologists and related scientists   2131 Biologists, botanists, zoologists and related professionals  
* 2133 Environmental protection professionals Ecologists, environmental biologists and environmental toxicologists
2122 Forestry professionals * 2132 Farming, forestry and fisheries advisers Forestry professionals
2123 Agricultural representatives, consultants and specialists * 2132 Farming, forestry and fisheries advisers Agricultural representatives, consultants and specialists
2131 Civil engineers * 2142 Civil engineers Except geological engineers
* 2143 Environmental engineers Environmental engineers, civil
2132 Mechanical engineers * 2144 Mechanical engineers Except aerospace engineers and naval engineers
* 2149 Engineering professionals not elsewhere classified Nuclear engineers
2133 Electrical and electronics engineers   2151 Electrical engineers  
* 2152 Electronics engineers Except computer engineers
* 2153 Telecommunications engineers Engineers - radio and television broadcasting
2134 Chemical engineers * 2143 Environmental engineers Environmental engineers, chemical
  2145 Chemical engineers  
* 2149 Engineering professionals not elsewhere classified Explosives engineers
2141 Industrial and manufacturing engineers   2141 Industrial and production engineers  
* 2149 Engineering professionals not elsewhere classified Industrial safety engineers
2142 Metallurgical and materials engineers * 2146 Mining engineers, metallurgists and related professionals Metallurgical engineers
* 2149 Engineering professionals not elsewhere classified Materials engineers
2143 Mining engineers * 2146 Mining engineers, metallurgists and related professionals Mining engineers (except mine safety engineers)
* 2149 Engineering professionals not elsewhere classified Mine safety engineers
2144 Geological engineers * 2142 Civil engineers Geological engineers
2145 Petroleum engineers * 2146 Mining engineers, metallurgists and related professionals Petroleum and natural gas engineer
2146 Aerospace engineers * 2144 Mechanical engineers Aerospace engineers
2147 Computer engineers (except software engineers and designers) * 2152 Electronics engineers Computer engineers
* 2153 Telecommunications engineers Except engineers - radio and television broadcasting
  2523 Computer network professionals  
2148 Other professional engineers, n.e.c. * 2144 Mechanical engineers Naval engineers
* 2149 Engineering professionals not elsewhere classified Professional engineers, n.e.c. (except naval engineers)
2151 Architects   2161 Building architects  
2152 Landscape architects * 2162 Landscape architects Except landscape architectural technologists and landscape designers
2153 Urban and land use planners   2164 Town and traffic planners  
2154 Land surveyors * 2165 Cartographers and surveyors Land surveyors
2161 Mathematicians, statisticians and actuaries   2120 Mathematicians, actuaries and statisticians  
2171 Information systems analysts and consultants   2511 Systems analysts  
* 2519 Software and applications developers and analysts not elsewhere classified Systems quality assurance analysts
  2529 Database and network professionals not elsewhere classified  
2172 Database analysts and data administrators   2521 Database designers and administrators  
2173 Software engineers and designers * 2512 Software developers Except programmer analysts
2174 Computer programmers and interactive media developers * 2512 Software developers Programmer analysts
* 2513 Web and multimedia developers Interactive media developers
  2514 Applications programmers  
2175 Web designers and developers * 2166 Graphic and multimedia designers Web designers
* 2513 Web and multimedia developers Web site developers
* 3514 Web technicians Webmasters
2211 Chemical technologists and technicians * 3111 Chemical and physical science technicians Except geological technicians and technical occupations in meteorology
* 3116 Chemical engineering technicians Except petroleum engineering technicians
* 3119 Physical and engineering science technicians not elsewhere classified Forensic laboratory technicians
* 3141 Life science technicians (excluding medical) Biochemistry technicians and technologists (except medical)
2212 Geological and mineral technologists and technicians * 3111 Chemical and physical science technicians Geological technicians
* 3116 Chemical engineering technicians Petroleum engineering technicians
  3117 Mining and metallurgical technicians  
2221 Biological technologists and technicians * 3141 Life science technicians (excluding medical) Biological technologists and technicians (except agriculture, aquaculture and fish hatchery technicians)
* 3142 Agricultural technicians Agricultural technicians (except horticultural technicians and technologists)
* 6221 Aquaculture workers Aquaculture and fish hatchery technicians
2222 Agricultural and fish products inspectors * 3359 Regulatory government associate professionals not elsewhere classified Agricultural and fish products inspectors
2223 Forestry technologists and technicians * 2132 Farming, forestry and fisheries advisers Silviculturists
  3143 Forestry technicians  
* 6210 Forestry and related workers Timber cruisers
2224 Conservation and fishery officers * 2133 Environmental protection professionals Conservation officers, fisheries officers and park rangers
* 5419 Protective services workers not elsewhere classified Game warden
2225 Landscape and horticulture technicians and specialists * 2162 Landscape architects Landscape architectural technologists and landscape designers
* 3142 Agricultural technicians Horticultural technicians and technologists
* 6113 Gardeners, horticultural and nursery growers Horticulturists and landscape gardeners
2231 Civil engineering technologists and technicians * 3112 Civil engineering technicians Except construction estimators and inspectors, land survey technicians and fire inspectors and prevention specialists
2232 Mechanical engineering technologists and technicians   3115 Mechanical engineering technicians  
* 3119 Physical and engineering science technicians not elsewhere classified Robotics technicians
2233 Industrial engineering and manufacturing technologists and technicians * 3119 Physical and engineering science technicians not elsewhere classified Industrial engineering and manufacturing technologists and technicians
2234 Construction estimators * 3112 Civil engineering technicians Construction estimators
2241 Electrical and electronics engineering technologists and technicians   3113 Electrical engineering technicians  
* 3114 Electronics engineering technicians Except instrumentation technicians, industrial
  3155 Air traffic safety electronics technicians  
  3522 Telecommunications engineering technicians  
2242 Electronic service technicians (household and business equipment) * 7421 Electronics mechanics and servicers Except aircraft instrument and avionics mechanics, technicians and inspectors
* 7422 Information and communications technology installers and servicers Electronic service technicians - information and communications technology
2243 Industrial instrument technicians and mechanics * 3114 Electronics engineering technicians Instrumentation technicians, industrial
* 3139 Process control technicians not elsewhere classified Control technicians, nuclear generating station and heavy water plant
* 7311 Precision-instrument makers and repairers Precision instrument mechanics
* 7412 Electrical mechanics and fitters Industrial instrument mechanics
2244 Aircraft instrument, electrical and avionics mechanics, technicians and inspectors * 7412 Electrical mechanics and fitters Aircraft electrical mechanics and technicians
* 7421 Electronics mechanics and servicers Aircraft instrument and avionics mechanics, technicians and inspectors
2251 Architectural technologists and technicians * 3119 Physical and engineering science technicians not elsewhere classified Architectural technologists and technicians
2252 Industrial designers * 2163 Product and garment designers Except theatre, fashion, exhibit and other creative designers
2253 Drafting technologists and technicians * 3118 Draughtspersons Except cartographic draftsmen/women
2254 Land survey technologists and technicians * 3112 Civil engineering technicians Land survey technicians
* 3118 Draughtspersons Cartographic draftsmen/women
2255 Technical occupations in geomatics and meteorology * 2165 Cartographers and surveyors Technical occupations in geomatics
* 3111 Chemical and physical science technicians Technical occupations in meteorology
2261 Non-destructive testers and inspection technicians * 3119 Physical and engineering science technicians not elsewhere classified Non-destructive testers and inspection technicians
2262 Engineering inspectors and regulatory officers * 3119 Physical and engineering science technicians not elsewhere classified Engineering inspectors and regulatory officers (except weights and measures inspectors)
* 3359 Regulatory government associate professionals not elsewhere classified Weights and measures inspectors
2263 Inspectors in public and environmental health and occupational health and safety   3257 Environmental and occupational health inspectors and associates  
2264 Construction inspectors * 3112 Civil engineering technicians Construction inspectors
2271 Air pilots, flight engineers and flying instructors   3153 Aircraft pilots and related associate professionals  
2272 Air traffic controllers and related occupations   3154 Air traffic controllers  
2273 Deck officers, water transport   3152 Ships' deck officers and pilots  
2274 Engineer officers, water transport   3151 Ships' engineers  
2275 Railway traffic controllers and marine traffic regulators * 4323 Transport clerks Railway traffic controllers and marine traffic regulators
2281 Computer network technicians   2522 Systems administrators  
  3511 Information and communications technology operations technicians  
  3513 Computer network and systems technicians  
* 3514 Web technicians Except webmasters
2282 User support technicians   3512 Information and communications technology user support technicians  
2283 Information systems testing technicians * 2519 Software and applications developers and analysts not elsewhere classified Except systems quality assurance analysts
3011 Nursing co-ordinators and supervisors * 2221 Nursing professionals Nursing co-ordinators and supervisors
3012 Registered nurses and registered psychiatric nurses * 2221 Nursing professionals Registered nurses and registered psychiatric nurses
3111 Specialist physicians   2212 Specialist medical practitioners  
3112 General practitioners and family physicians   2211 Generalist medical practitioners  
3113 Dentists   2261 Dentists  
3114 Veterinarians   2250 Veterinarians  
3121 Optometrists * 2267 Optometrists and ophthalmic opticians Optometrists
3122 Chiropractors * 3259 Health associate professionals not elsewhere classified Chiropractors
3124 Allied primary health practitioners * 2221 Nursing professionals Nurse practitioners
  2222 Midwifery professionals  
  2240 Paramedical practitioners  
3125 Other professional occupations in health diagnosing and treating * 2267 Optometrists and ophthalmic opticians Orthoptists
* 2269 Health professionals not elsewhere classified Podiatrists, chiropodists and other professional occupations in health diagnosing and treating
* 3259 Health associate professionals not elsewhere classified Osteopaths
* 2230 Traditional and complementary medicine professionals Naturopaths
3131 Pharmacists   2262 Pharmacists  
3132 Dietitians and nutritionists   2265 Dieticians and nutritionists  
3141 Audiologists and speech-language pathologists   2266 Audiologists and speech therapists  
3142 Physiotherapists   2264 Physiotherapists  
3143 Occupational therapists * 2269 Health professionals not elsewhere classified Occupational therapists
3144 Other professional occupations in therapy and assessment * 2269 Health professionals not elsewhere classified Other professional occupations in therapy and assessment
3211 Medical laboratory technologists * 3212 Medical and pathology laboratory technicians Medical laboratory technologists
3212 Medical laboratory technicians and pathologists' assistants * 3212 Medical and pathology laboratory technicians Except medical laboratory technologists
* 5329 Personal care workers in health services not elsewhere classified Phlebotomists
3213 Animal health technologists and veterinary technicians   3240 Veterinary technicians and assistants  
3214 Respiratory therapists, clinical perfusionists and cardiopulmonary technologists * 3259 Health associate professionals not elsewhere classified Respiratory therapists, clinical perfusionists and cardiopulmonary technologists
3215 Medical radiation technologists * 3211 Medical imaging and therapeutic equipment technicians Medical radiation technologists
3216 Medical sonographers * 3211 Medical imaging and therapeutic equipment technicians Medical sonographers
3217 Cardiology technologists and electrophysiological diagnostic technologists, n.e.c. * 3211 Medical imaging and therapeutic equipment technicians Cardiology technologists and electrophysiological diagnostic technologists, n.e.c.
3219 Other medical technologists and technicians (except dental health)   3213 Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants  
* 3214 Medical and dental prosthetic technicians Ocularists, orthotists, prosthetists and ocularist, orthotic and prosthetic technicians (except dental health)
* 3259 Health associate professionals not elsewhere classified Other medical technologists and technicians, n.e.c.
* 7311 Precision-instrument makers and repairers Orthopedic appliance assemblers
3221 Denturists * 3214 Medical and dental prosthetic technicians Denturists
3222 Dental hygienists and dental therapists * 3251 Dental assistants and therapists Dental hygienists and dental therapists
3223 Dental technologists, technicians and laboratory assistants * 3214 Medical and dental prosthetic technicians Dental technologists, technicians and laboratory assistants
3231 Opticians   3254 Dispensing opticians  
3232 Practitioners of natural healing * 2230 Traditional and complementary medicine professionals Practitioners of natural healing (except herbalists, shamans, accupressure therapists and reflexologists)
  3230 Traditional and complementary medicine associate professionals  
* 3255 Physiotherapy technicians and assistants Acupressure therapists and reflexologists
3233 Licensed practical nurses   3221 Nursing associate professionals  
3234 Paramedical occupations   3258 Ambulance workers  
3236 Massage therapists * 3255 Physiotherapy technicians and assistants Massage therapists
3237 Other technical occupations in therapy and assessment * 3214 Medical and dental prosthetic technicians Hearing aid technicians
* 3255 Physiotherapy technicians and assistants Except acupressure therapists, reflexologists and massage therapists
* 3256 Medical assistants Ophthalmic assistants
* 3259 Health associate professionals not elsewhere classified Remaining technical occupations in therapy and assessment
3411 Dental assistants * 3251 Dental assistants and therapists Dental assistants
* 5329 Personal care workers in health services not elsewhere classified Dental aides
3413 Nurse aides, orderlies and patient service associates   5321 Health care assistants  
3414 Other assisting occupations in support of health services * 3256 Medical assistants Medical clinic assistants
* 5329 Personal care workers in health services not elsewhere classified Except phlebotomists and dental aides
* 7549 Craft and related workers not elsewhere classified Optical lens grinders and polishers
4011 University professors and lecturers * 2310 University and higher education teachers University professors and lecturers
4012 Post-secondary teaching and research assistants * 2310 University and higher education teachers Post-secondary teaching and research assistants
4021 College and other vocational instructors * 2310 University and higher education teachers College instructors (except vocational training)
* 2320 Vocational education teachers Except vocational high school teachers
  2353 Other language teachers  
  2356 Information technology trainers  
* 2359 Teaching professionals not elsewhere classified Company trainers
4031 Secondary school teachers * 2320 Vocational education teachers Vocational high school teachers
  2330 Secondary education teachers  
* 2352 Special needs teachers Special needs teachers - secondary school
4032 Elementary school and kindergarten teachers   2341 Primary school teachers  
* 2352 Special needs teachers Special needs teachers - elementary school
4033 Educational counsellors * 2359 Teaching professionals not elsewhere classified Educational counsellors
4111 Judges   2612 Judges  
4112 Lawyers and Quebec notaries   2611 Lawyers  
* 2619 Legal professionals not elsewhere classified Quebec notaries, legal advisors and legal officers (except lawyers)
4151 Psychologists * 2634 Psychologists Except psychometrists
4152 Social workers * 2635 Social work and counselling professionals Social workers
4153 Family, marriage and other related counsellors * 2635 Social work and counselling professionals Family, marriage and other related counsellors
4154 Professional occupations in religion   2636 Religious professionals  
4155 Probation and parole officers and related occupations * 2635 Social work and counselling professionals Probation and parole officers and related occupations
4156 Employment counsellors * 2423 Personnel and careers professionals Employment counsellors
4161 Natural and applied science policy researchers, consultants and program officers * 2132 Farming, forestry and fisheries advisers Fisheries analysts
* 2133 Environmental protection professionals Environmental consultants
  2263 Environmental and occupational health and hygiene professionals  
* 2422 Policy administration professionals Natural and applied science policy advisors and program officers
4162 Economists and economic policy researchers and analysts * 2422 Policy administration professionals Economic policy researchers and analysts
  2631 Economists  
4163 Business development officers and marketing researchers and consultants * 2422 Policy administration professionals Business development officers
* 2431 Advertising and marketing professionals Marketing analysts and consultants
4164 Social policy researchers, consultants and program officers * 2422 Policy administration professionals Social policy researchers, consultants and program officers
4165 Health policy researchers, consultants and program officers * 2422 Policy administration professionals Health policy researchers, consultants and program officers (except coroners)
* 2619 Legal professionals not elsewhere classified Coroners
4166 Education policy researchers, consultants and program officers   2351 Education methods specialists  
* 2422 Policy administration professionals Education policy researchers and program officers
4167 Recreation, sports and fitness policy researchers, consultants and program officers * 2422 Policy administration professionals Recreation, sports and fitness policy researchers, consultants and program officers
4168 Program officers unique to government * 2422 Policy administration professionals Program officers unique to government
4169 Other professional occupations in social science, n.e.c.   2632 Sociologists, anthropologists and related professionals  
  2633 Philosophers, historians and political scientists  
* 2634 Psychologists Psychometrists
* 2643 Translators, interpreters and other linguists Linguists and philologists
4211 Paralegal and related occupations * 3411 Legal and related associate professionals Paralegal and related occupations
4212 Social and community service workers   3253 Community health workers  
* 3353 Government social benefits officials Social services officers
  3412 Social work associate professionals  
4214 Early childhood educators and assistants   2342 Early childhood educators  
* 5311 Child care workers Except home child care providers
4215 Instructors of persons with disabilities * 2352 Special needs teachers Instructors of persons with disabilities
4216 Other instructors * 2359 Teaching professionals not elsewhere classified Except company trainers, educational counsellors and craft instructors (except education)
* 3354 Government licensing officials Driver's licence examiners and driving examiners
  5165 Driving instructors  
4217 Other religious occupations   3413 Religious associate professionals  
4311 Police officers (except commissioned) * 3355 Police inspectors and detectives Detectives and investigators - police
  5412 Police officers  
4312 Firefighters * 3112 Civil engineering technicians Fire inspectors and fire prevention specialists
* 3119 Physical and engineering science technicians not elsewhere classified Fire investigators
* 5411 Fire fighters Except forest firefighters
4313 Non-commissioned ranks of the Canadian Forces   0210 Non-commissioned armed forces officers  
  0310 Armed forces occupations, other ranks  
4411 Home child care providers * 5311 Child care workers Home child care providers
4412 Home support workers, housekeepers and related occupations * 5152 Domestic housekeepers Except bed and breakfast operators, butlers and housekeeping supervisors
  5322 Home-based personal care workers  
4413 Elementary and secondary school teacher assistants   5312 Teachers' aides  
4421 Sheriffs and bailiffs * 3411 Legal and related associate professionals Sheriffs and bailiffs
4422 Correctional service officers   5413 Prison guards  
4423 By-law enforcement and other regulatory officers, n.e.c. * 5419 Protective services workers not elsewhere classified By-law enforcement and other regulatory officers, n.e.c.
5111 Librarians   2622 Librarians and related information professionals  
5112 Conservators and curators * 2621 Archivists and curators Conservators and curators
5113 Archivists * 2621 Archivists and curators Archivists
5121 Authors and writers * 2431 Advertising and marketing professionals Advertising writers
* 2641 Authors and related writers Except book editors
* 2643 Translators, interpreters and other linguists Lexicographers
5122 Editors * 2641 Authors and related writers Book editors
* 2642 Journalists Newspaper editors, sub-editors and copy editors
5123 Journalists * 2642 Journalists Except newspaper editors, sub-editors and copy editors and television news producers
5125 Translators, terminologists and interpreters * 2643 Translators, interpreters and other linguists Except linguists, philologists and lexicographers
5131 Producers, directors, choreographers and related occupations * 2642 Journalists Television news producers
* 2653 Dancers and choreographers Choreographers
  2654 Film, stage and related directors and producers  
5132 Conductors, composers and arrangers * 2652 Musicians, singers and composers Conductors, composers and arrangers
5133 Musicians and singers   2354 Other music teachers  
* 2652 Musicians, singers and composers Except conductors, composers and arrangers
5134 Dancers * 2355 Other arts teachers Dance teachers
* 2653 Dancers and choreographers Except choreographers
5135 Actors and comedians * 2355 Other arts teachers Dramatic arts teachers - private or studio
  2655 Actors  
* 2659 Creative and performing artists not elsewhere classified Comedians and humorists - performing arts
5136 Painters, sculptors and other visual artists * 2355 Other arts teachers Art teachers
* 2651 Visual artists Except ceramic artists
* 7316 Sign writers, decorative painters, engravers and etchers Decorations painters - visual arts
5211 Library and public archive technicians * 3433 Gallery, museum and library technicians Library and public archive technicians
5212 Technical occupations related to museums and art galleries * 3433 Gallery, museum and library technicians Except library and public archive technicians
* 5113 Travel guides Interpretive guides - museum and historic site
5221 Photographers   3431 Photographers  
5222 Film and video camera operators * 3521 Broadcasting and audio-visual technicians Film and video camera operators
5223 Graphic arts technicians * 2166 Graphic and multimedia designers Except Web designers, graphic designers and illustrators
* 7316 Sign writers, decorative painters, engravers and etchers Lettering artists and sign writers and painters
5224 Broadcast technicians * 3521 Broadcasting and audio-visual technicians Broadcast technicians
5225 Audio and video recording technicians * 3521 Broadcasting and audio-visual technicians Audio and video recording technicians
5226 Other technical and co-ordinating occupations in motion pictures, broadcasting and the performing arts * 3435 Other artistic and cultural associate professionals Except support occupations, stuntmen/women and tattoo artists
5227 Support occupations in motion pictures, broadcasting, photography and the performing arts * 3435 Other artistic and cultural associate professionals Support occupations in motion pictures, broadcasting, photography and the performing arts (except film projectionists, production assistants, riggers and grips)
* 3521 Broadcasting and audio-visual technicians Film projectionists and production assistants - motion pictures and broadcasting
* 7215 Riggers and cable splicers Riggers and grips - motion pictures, broadcasting and performing arts
5231 Announcers and other broadcasters   2656 Announcers on radio, television and other media  
5232 Other performers, n.e.c. * 2653 Dancers and choreographers Exotic dancers
* 2659 Creative and performing artists not elsewhere classified Other performers, n.e.c. (except exotic dancers, stuntmen/women and fashion models)
* 3435 Other artistic and cultural associate professionals Stuntmen/women
  5241 Fashion and other models  
5241 Graphic designers and illustrators * 2166 Graphic and multimedia designers Graphic designers and illustrators
5242 Interior designers and interior decorators   3432 Interior designers and decorators  
5243 Theatre, fashion, exhibit and other creative designers * 2163 Product and garment designers Theatre, fashion, exhibit and other creative designers
5244 Artisans and craftspersons * 2359 Teaching professionals not elsewhere classified Craft instructors
* 2651 Visual artists Ceramic artists
* 7113 Stonemasons, stone cutters, splitters and carvers Hand stone carvers
* 7312 Musical instrument makers and tuners Musical instrument makers - artisan
* 7313 Jewellery and precious-metal workers Goldsmiths, silversmiths, jewellery engravers and jewellery artisans (hand)
* 7314 Potters and related workers Potters and ceramists
* 7315 Glass makers, cutters, grinders and finishers Glass blowers, cutters, grinders and finishers
* 7316 Sign writers, decorative painters, engravers and etchers Decorative engravers
  7317 Handicraft workers in wood, basketry and related materials  
  7318 Handicraft workers in textile, leather and related materials  
  7319 Handicraft workers not elsewhere classified  
* 7533 Sewing, embroidery and related workers Hand embroiderers
5245 Patternmakers - textile, leather and fur products * 7532 Garment and related pattern-makers and cutters Except fabric, fur and leather cutters
5251 Athletes   3421 Athletes and sports players  
5252 Coaches * 3422 Sports coaches, instructors and officials Coaches
5253 Sports officials and referees * 3422 Sports coaches, instructors and officials Sports officials and referees
5254 Program leaders and instructors in recreation, sport and fitness * 3422 Sports coaches, instructors and officials Sports instructors
  3423 Fitness and recreation instructors and program leaders  
* 5419 Protective services workers not elsewhere classified Lifeguards
6211 Retail sales supervisors   5222 Shop supervisors  
6221 Technical sales specialists - wholesale trade   2433 Technical and medical sales professionals (excluding ICT)  
  2434 Information and communications technology sales professionals  
6222 Retail and wholesale buyers * 3323 Buyers Except purchasing agents and officers
6231 Insurance agents and brokers * 3321 Insurance representatives Except Insurance underwriters
6232 Real estate agents and salespersons * 3334 Real estate agents and property managers Real estate agents and salespersons
6235 Financial sales representatives * 3312 Credit and loans officers Except mortgage underwriters and credit adjudicators
6311 Food service supervisors * 5131 Waiters Except maîtres d'hôtel, hosts/hostesses and food and beverage servers
* 5246 Food service counter attendants Canteen, cafeteria and food concession supervisors
* 9411 Fast food preparers Food assembly supervisors and shift managers, fast food restaurant
6312 Executive housekeepers * 5151 Cleaning and housekeeping supervisors in offices, hotels and other establishments Executive housekeepers
6313 Accommodation, travel, tourism and related services supervisors * 4212 Bookmakers, croupiers and related gaming workers Supervisors of casino occupations
* 4221 Travel consultants and clerks Supervisors - travel clerks, airline sales and service agents, ground and water transport ticket agents, cargo service representatives and related clerks and passenger service attendants
* 4224 Hotel receptionists Hotel front desk clerks supervisors
* 5111 Travel attendants and travel stewards Pursers and flight attendants supervisors
* 5113 Travel guides Supervisors, tour, travel and outdoor sport and recreational guides
* 9621 Messengers, package deliverers and luggage porters Baggage porter supervisors
6314 Customer and information services supervisors * 3341 Office supervisors Customer and information services supervisors
6315 Cleaning supervisors * 5151 Cleaning and housekeeping supervisors in offices, hotels and other establishments Building cleaning supervisors
* 5152 Domestic housekeepers Housekeeping supervisors
* 5153 Building caretakers Supervisors, janitors
* 7133 Building structure cleaners Supervisors, building exterior cleaners
* 9112 Cleaners and helpers in offices, hotels and other establishments Supervisors, bus, railway car and related vehicle cleaners
* 9122 Vehicle cleaners Supervisors, vehicle cleaners
* 9123 Window cleaners Supervisors, window cleaners
* 9129 Other cleaning workers Supervisors, specialized cleaners (except vehicle and window cleaners)
6316 Other services supervisors * 5414 Security guards Supervisors, security guards
* 8157 Laundry machine operators Production supervisors - laundry and dry cleaning
* 9629 Elementary workers not elsewhere classified Other services supervisors (except security guards supervisors and supervisors in laundry and dry cleaning)
6321 Chefs   3434 Chefs  
6322 Cooks   5120 Cooks  
* 7512 Bakers, pastry-cooks and confectionery makers Pastry cooks
* 9411 Fast food preparers Short order cooks
6331 Butchers, meat cutters and fishmongers - retail and wholesale * 7511 Butchers, fishmongers and related food preparers Except meat salters, fish cutters - fish processing, industrial butchers and meat cutters, poultry preparers and related workers
6332 Bakers * 7512 Bakers, pastry-cooks and confectionery makers Bakers
6341 Hairstylists and barbers   5141 Hairdressers  
6342 Tailors, dressmakers, furriers and milliners * 7531 Tailors, dressmakers, furriers and hatters Except fur graders
6343 Shoe repairers and shoemakers   7536 Shoemakers and related workers  
6344 Jewellers, jewellery and watch repairers and related occupations * 7311 Precision-instrument makers and repairers Watchmakers and watch repairers
* 7313 Jewellery and precious-metal workers Except goldsmiths, silversmiths, jewellery engravers and jewellery artisans (hand)
6345 Upholsterers * 7534 Upholsterers and related workers Except mattress makers
6346 Funeral directors and embalmers   5163 Undertakers and embalmers  
6411 Sales and account representatives - wholesale trade (non-technical)   3322 Commercial sales representatives  
* 3339 Business services agents not elsewhere classified Auctioneers, advertising agents and freight sales agents
6421 Retail salespersons   5211 Stall and market salespersons  
  5223 Shop sales assistants  
* 5249 Sales workers not elsewhere classified Rental agents - retail
6511 Maîtres d'hôtel and hosts/hostesses * 5131 Waiters Maîtres d'hôtel and hosts/hostesses
6512 Bartenders   5132 Bartenders  
6513 Food and beverage servers * 5131 Waiters Food and beverage servers
6521 Travel counsellors * 4221 Travel consultants and clerks Except travel clerk supervisors and airline, ground and water transport ticket agents and service representatives
6522 Pursers and flight attendants * 5111 Travel attendants and travel stewards Pursers and flight attendants
6523 Airline ticket and service agents * 4221 Travel consultants and clerks Airline ticket and service agents
6524 Ground and water transport ticket agents, cargo service representatives and related clerks * 4221 Travel consultants and clerks Ground and water transport ticket agents, cargo service representatives and related clerks
6525 Hotel front desk clerks * 4224 Hotel receptionists Except hotel front desk clerks supervisors
6531 Tour and travel guides * 5113 Travel guides Except interpretive guides, outdoor sport and recreational guides and guides supervisors
* 9332 Drivers of animal-drawn vehicles and machinery Tour guides who drive animal-drawn vehicles, for example calèche drivers
6532 Outdoor sport and recreational guides * 5113 Travel guides Outdoor sport and recreational guides
6533 Casino occupations * 4212 Bookmakers, croupiers and related gaming workers Except supervisors of casino occupations
6541 Security guards and related security service occupations * 3411 Legal and related associate professionals Private detectives
* 5414 Security guards Except supervisors, security guards
* 5419 Protective services workers not elsewhere classified Crossing guards
6551 Customer services representatives - financial institutions * 4211 Bank tellers and related clerks Except postal counter clerks
6552 Other customer and information services representatives   4222 Contact centre information clerks  
  4225 Enquiry clerks  
6561 Image, social and other personal consultants * 5142 Beauticians and related workers Image, social and other personal consultants
6562 Estheticians, electrologists and related occupations * 3435 Other artistic and cultural associate professionals Tattoo artists
* 5142 Beauticians and related workers Except image, social and other personal consultants
6563 Pet groomers and animal care workers * 5164 Pet groomers and animal care workers Except horse trainers and horse breakers
* 9332 Drivers of animal-drawn vehicles and machinery Except tour guides who drive animal-drawn vehicles, for example calèche drivers
6564 Other personal service occupations   5161 Astrologers, fortune-tellers and related workers  
  5169 Personal services workers not elsewhere classified  
6611 Cashiers   5230 Cashiers and ticket clerks  
6621 Service station attendants   5245 Service station attendants  
6622 Store shelf stockers, clerks and order fillers   9334 Shelf fillers  
6623 Other sales related occupations   5242 Sales demonstrators  
  5243 Door to door salespersons  
  5244 Contact centre salespersons  
* 5249 Sales workers not elsewhere classified Except rental agents - retail
  9520 Street vendors (excluding food)  
6711 Food counter attendants, kitchen helpers and related support occupations   5212 Street food salespersons  
* 5246 Food service counter attendants Except canteen, cafeteria and food concession supervisors
* 9411 Fast food preparers Except short order cooks and supervisors, fast food restaurants
  9412 Kitchen helpers  
6721 Support occupations in accommodation, travel and facilities set-up services * 5111 Travel attendants and travel stewards Passenger service attendants and hotel guest services attendants
* 9621 Messengers, package deliverers and luggage porters Baggage porters
* 9629 Elementary workers not elsewhere classified Hotel doorkeepers and facilities porters
6722 Operators and attendants in amusement, recreation and sport * 8342 Earthmoving and related plant operators Zamboni drivers
* 8343 Crane, hoist and related plant operators Cable car, ski lift and amusement ride operators
* 9629 Elementary workers not elsewhere classified Attendants in amusement, recreation and sport
6731 Light duty cleaners   9111 Domestic cleaners and helpers  
* 9112 Cleaners and helpers in offices, hotels and other establishments Except aircraft, bus, railway car and related vehicle cleaners and supervisors
* 9613 Sweepers and related labourers Except street and park sweepers
6732 Specialized cleaners * 7133 Building structure cleaners Chimney sweeps, sandblasting building cleaners and building exterior cleaners
* 9112 Cleaners and helpers in offices, hotels and other establishments Bus, railway car and related vehicle cleaners
* 9122 Vehicle cleaners Except supervisors
* 9123 Window cleaners Except supervisors
* 9129 Other cleaning workers Specialized cleaners (except window, vehicle and building structure cleaners)
6733 Janitors, caretakers and building superintendents * 5153 Building caretakers Except supervisors
  9622 Odd job persons  
6741 Dry cleaning, laundry and related occupations * 8157 Laundry machine operators Except supervisors
  9121 Hand launderers and pressers  
6742 Other service support occupations, n.e.c. * 5152 Domestic housekeepers Butlers
* 5162 Companions and valets Valets and personal servants
* 8322 Car, taxi and van drivers Motor vehicle jockeys
  9331 Hand and pedal vehicle drivers  
  9510 Street and related service workers  
* 9629 Elementary workers not elsewhere classified Service support occupations (except butlers, valets, personal servants, motor vehicle jockeys, hand and pedal vehicle drivers and street and related service workers)
7201 Contractors and supervisors, machining, metal forming, shaping and erecting trades and related occupations * 7212 Welders and flamecutters Contractors and supervisors, welding
* 7213 Sheet-metal workers Sheet metal workers contractors and boilermakers foremen/women
* 7214 Structural-metal preparers and erectors Ironwork contractors and foremen/women, metal fabricators, metal fitters and platework fabricators
* 7215 Riggers and cable splicers Ship riggers foremen/women
* 7221 Blacksmiths, hammersmiths and forging press workers Foremen/women, blacksmiths
* 7222 Toolmakers and related workers Foremen/women, tool and die makers, metal mould and metal patternmakers
* 7223 Metal working machine tool setters and operators Foremen/women, machinists and machine tool set-up operators
* 7224 Metal polishers, wheel grinders and tool sharpeners Machine tool grinding foremen/women
* 7543 Product graders and testers (excluding foods and beverages) Foremen/women, machine shop inspectors
7202 Contractors and supervisors, electrical trades and telecommunications occupations * 7411 Building and related electricians Electrical contractors and supervisors and chief electrician (except power system electricians and power line and cable workers)
* 7412 Electrical mechanics and fitters Contractors and supervisors, power system electricians and electrical equipment installation and repair
* 7413 Electrical line installers and repairers Contractors and supervisors, electrical power line and cable workers
* 7422 Information and communications technology installers and servicers Contractors and supervisors, cable and line installation and repair workers - telecommunications
7203 Contractors and supervisors, pipefitting trades * 3123 Construction supervisors Contractors and supervisors, pipefitting trades
7204 Contractors and supervisors, carpentry trades * 3123 Construction supervisors Carpentry contractors and supervisors and general foremen/women - building construction
* 7522 Cabinet-makers and related workers Foremen/women, cabinetmakers
7205 Contractors and supervisors, other construction trades, installers, repairers and servicers * 3123 Construction supervisors Except contractors and supervisors, pipefitting and carpentry trades and general foremen/women building construction
* 7234 Bicycle and related repairers Contractors and supervisors, bicycle repair shop
* 7311 Precision-instrument makers and repairers Contractors and supervisors, surveying instrument, precision instrument repairers
* 7312 Musical instrument makers and tuners Contractors and supervisors, musical instrument repair
* 7412 Electrical mechanics and fitters Contractors and supervisors, installers, servicers and repairers - electrical appliances
* 7422 Information and communications technology installers and servicers Contractors and supervisors, residential and commercial installers and servicers - communication equipment
* 7544 Fumigators and other pest and weed controllers Contractors and supervisors, pest control and fumigation
* 7549 Craft and related workers not elsewhere classified Contractors and supervisors, other repairers, installers and servicers, n.e.c.
7231 Machinists and machining and tooling inspectors * 7223 Metal working machine tool setters and operators Machinists
* 7543 Product graders and testers (excluding foods and beverages) Machining and tooling inspectors
7232 Tool and die makers * 7222 Toolmakers and related workers Except locksmiths, gunsmiths and foremen/women, tool and die makers, metal mould and metal patternmakers
7233 Sheet metal workers * 7213 Sheet-metal workers Except contractors and supervisors, boilermakers and motor vehicle body repairers
7234 Boilermakers * 7213 Sheet-metal workers Boilermakers
7235 Structural metal and platework fabricators and fitters * 7214 Structural-metal preparers and erectors Except ironwork contractors and foremen/women, metal fabricators, metal fitters, platework fabricators and ironworkers
7236 Ironworkers * 7214 Structural-metal preparers and erectors Ironworkers
7237 Welders and related machine operators * 7212 Welders and flamecutters Except flame cutting machine operators and contractors and supervisors, welding
7241 Electricians (except industrial and power system) * 7411 Building and related electricians Except contractors and supervisors and industrial electricians
7242 Industrial electricians * 7411 Building and related electricians Industrial electricians
7243 Power system electricians * 7412 Electrical mechanics and fitters Power system electricians
7244 Electrical power line and cable workers * 7413 Electrical line installers and repairers Except contractors and supervisors
7245 Telecommunications line and cable workers * 7422 Information and communications technology installers and servicers Telecommunications line and cable workers
7246 Telecommunications installation and repair workers * 7422 Information and communications technology installers and servicers Telecommunications installation and repair workers
7247 Cable television service and maintenance technicians * 7422 Information and communications technology installers and servicers Cable television service and maintenance technicians
7251 Plumbers * 7126 Plumbers and pipe fitters Plumbers
7252 Steamfitters, pipefitters and sprinkler system installers * 7126 Plumbers and pipe fitters Steamfitters, pipefitters and sprinkler system installers
7253 Gas fitters * 7126 Plumbers and pipe fitters Gas fitters
7271 Carpenters * 7115 Carpenters and joiners Except residential and commercial installers and servicers - doors, windows and other wood products
7272 Cabinetmakers * 7522 Cabinet-makers and related workers Except foremen/women, cabinetmakers
7281 Bricklayers * 7112 Bricklayers and related workers Except interlocking stone installers
* 7113 Stonemasons, stone cutters, splitters and carvers Stonemasons and stonecutters
7282 Concrete finishers * 7114 Concrete placers, concrete finishers and related workers Except terrazzo workers and model and mould makers - concrete products
7283 Tilesetters * 7114 Concrete placers, concrete finishers and related workers Terrazzo workers
* 7122 Floor layers and tile setters Tilesetters
7284 Plasterers, drywall installers and finishers and lathers   7123 Plasterers  
* 7124 Insulation workers Acoustic tile installers
7291 Roofers and shinglers   7121 Roofers  
7292 Glaziers * 7125 Glaziers Except automotive glass technicians
7293 Insulators * 7124 Insulation workers Except acoustic tile and weather strip installers
7294 Painters and decorators (except interior decorators)   7131 Painters and related workers  
7295 Floor covering installers * 7122 Floor layers and tile setters Floor covering installers
7301 Contractors and supervisors, mechanic trades * 7127 Air conditioning and refrigeration mechanics Contractors and supervisors, heating systems, air conditioning and refrigeration mechanics
* 7213 Sheet-metal workers Contractors and supervisors, automotive body shop
* 7231 Motor vehicle mechanics and repairers Contractors and supervisors, motor vehicle mechanics and repairers
* 7232 Aircraft engine mechanics and repairers Contractors and supervisors, aircraft engine mechanics and repairers
* 7233 Agricultural and industrial machinery mechanics and repairers Contractors and supervisors, agricultural, industrial, construction millwrights and heavy-duty machinery mechanics and repairers
* 7412 Electrical mechanics and fitters Contractors and supervisors, electrical mechanics and fitters
7302 Contractors and supervisors, heavy equipment operator crews * 7119 Building frame and related trades workers not elsewhere classified Foremen/women, building wrecking
* 7542 Shotfirers and blasters Foremen/women, blasters - construction
* 8113 Well drillers and borers and related workers Well drilling foremen/women
* 8312 Railway brake, signal and switch operators Railwaymen/women foremen/women
* 8342 Earthmoving and related plant operators Heavy construction crew foremen/women
* 8343 Crane, hoist and related plant operators Crane crew foremen/women
* 9333 Freight handlers Longshoremen/women, stevedores and freight handlers foremen/women
7303 Supervisors, printing and related occupations * 7321 Pre-press technicians Supervisors, camera, platemaking and other prepress occupations
* 7322 Printers Supervisors, pressroom - printing
* 7323 Print finishing and binding workers Supervisors, binding and finishing machine operators
* 8132 Photographic products machine operators Supervisors, photographic and film processors
7304 Supervisors, railway transport operations * 1324 Supply, distribution and related managers Stationmasters and yardmasters
* 8311 Locomotive engine drivers Supervisors, railway transport operations (except stationmasters and yardmasters)
7305 Supervisors, motor transport and other ground transit operators * 4323 Transport clerks Dispatchers, motor transport and other ground transit operators
* 8331 Bus and tram drivers Supervisors, motor transport and other ground transit operators (except dispatchers)
7311 Construction millwrights and industrial mechanics * 7215 Riggers and cable splicers Ship riggers
* 7224 Metal polishers, wheel grinders and tool sharpeners Card and napper grinders
* 7233 Agricultural and industrial machinery mechanics and repairers Construction millwrights and industrial mechanics (except ship riggers and card and napper grinders)
7312 Heavy-duty equipment mechanics * 7233 Agricultural and industrial machinery mechanics and repairers Heavy-duty equipment mechanics
7313 Refrigeration and air conditioning mechanics * 7127 Air conditioning and refrigeration mechanics Except contractors and supervisors and oil and solid fuel heating mechanics
7314 Railway carmen/women * 7231 Motor vehicle mechanics and repairers Railway carmen/women
7315 Aircraft mechanics and aircraft inspectors * 7232 Aircraft engine mechanics and repairers Except contractors and supervisors and aircraft engine fitters
7316 Machine fitters * 7232 Aircraft engine mechanics and repairers Aircraft engine fitters
* 7233 Agricultural and industrial machinery mechanics and repairers Machine fitters (except aircraft engine fitters)
7318 Elevator constructors and mechanics * 7412 Electrical mechanics and fitters Elevator constructors and mechanics
7321 Automotive service technicians, truck and bus mechanics and mechanical repairers * 7231 Motor vehicle mechanics and repairers Automotive service technicians, truck and bus mechanics and mechanical repairers
7322 Motor vehicle body repairers * 7125 Glaziers Automotive glass technicians
* 7132 Spray painters and varnishers Motor vehicle painters - motor vehicle repair
* 7213 Sheet-metal workers Motor vehicle body repairers
7331 Oil and solid fuel heating mechanics * 7127 Air conditioning and refrigeration mechanics Oil and solid fuel heating mechanics
7332 Appliance servicers and repairers * 7412 Electrical mechanics and fitters Appliance servicers and repairers
7333 Electrical mechanics * 7412 Electrical mechanics and fitters Electrical mechanics
7334 Motorcycle, all-terrain vehicle and other related mechanics * 7231 Motor vehicle mechanics and repairers Motorcycle, all-terrain vehicle and other related mechanics
7335 Other small engine and small equipment repairers * 7231 Motor vehicle mechanics and repairers Other small engine and small equipment repairers
7361 Railway and yard locomotive engineers * 8311 Locomotive engine drivers Except supervisors, railway transport operations
* 8312 Railway brake, signal and switch operators Yard and switch engineers
7362 Railway conductors and brakemen/women   5112 Transport conductors  
* 8312 Railway brake, signal and switch operators Brakemen/women
7371 Crane operators * 7215 Riggers and cable splicers Riggers
* 8343 Crane, hoist and related plant operators Except crane crew foremen/women and cable car, ski lift and amusement ride operators
7372 Drillers and blasters - surface mining, quarrying and construction * 7542 Shotfirers and blasters Blasters and powdermen/women - surface mining, quarrying and construction
* 8111 Miners and quarriers Drillers - surface mining, quarrying and construction
7373 Water well drillers * 8113 Well drillers and borers and related workers Water well drillers
7381 Printing press operators * 7322 Printers Except supervisors, pressroom - printing and plateless printing equipment operators
7384 Other trades and related occupations, n.e.c. * 7113 Stonemasons, stone cutters, splitters and carvers Stonework patternmakers
* 7114 Concrete placers, concrete finishers and related workers Model and mould makers - concrete products
* 7119 Building frame and related trades workers not elsewhere classified Steeplejacks and smokestack repairers
* 7221 Blacksmiths, hammersmiths and forging press workers Blacksmiths and hammersmiths
* 7222 Toolmakers and related workers Locksmiths and gunsmiths
* 7224 Metal polishers, wheel grinders and tool sharpeners Saw filers
* 7231 Motor vehicle mechanics and repairers Recreation vehicle technicians
* 7311 Precision-instrument makers and repairers Calibrators, scientific instruments and scales
* 7314 Potters and related workers Plaster pattern makers
* 7316 Sign writers, decorative painters, engravers and etchers Glass calibrators
  7541 Underwater divers  
* 7549 Craft and related workers not elsewhere classified Trades and related occupations, n.e.c.
7441 Residential and commercial installers and servicers * 7112 Bricklayers and related workers Interlocking stone installers
* 7115 Carpenters and joiners Residential and commercial installers and servicers - door, windows and other wood products
* 7119 Building frame and related trades workers not elsewhere classified Residential and commercial installers and servicers - building interior and exterior
* 7122 Floor layers and tile setters Floor sanders and finishers
* 7124 Insulation workers Weather strip installers
* 7126 Plumbers and pipe fitters Residential and commercial installers and servicers - water, gas and sewage systems
* 7412 Electrical mechanics and fitters Residential and commercial installers and servicers - electrical appliances
* 7422 Information and communications technology installers and servicers Residential and commercial installers and servicers - communication equipment
* 7549 Craft and related workers not elsewhere classified Residential and commercial installers and servicers, n.e.c.
* 8219 Assemblers not elsewhere classified Curtain and furniture installers
7442 Waterworks and gas maintenance workers * 7126 Plumbers and pipe fitters Waterworks and gas maintenance workers
7444 Pest controllers and fumigators * 7544 Fumigators and other pest and weed controllers Except contractors and supervisors, pest control and fumigation and chemical applicators - lawn and tree care
7445 Other repairers and servicers * 7234 Bicycle and related repairers Non-motorized transport equipment repairers
* 7311 Precision-instrument makers and repairers Surveying instrument, optical instrument, photographic equipment or other precision instrument repairers
* 7312 Musical instrument makers and tuners Musical instrument repairers and tuners
* 7412 Electrical mechanics and fitters Other repairers and servicers - electric appliances
* 7549 Craft and related workers not elsewhere classified Other repairers and servicers, n.e.c.
7451 Longshore workers * 9333 Freight handlers Longshore workers
7452 Material handlers   8344 Lifting truck operators  
* 9321 Hand packers Except hand packers - beverage and associated products processing
* 9329 Manufacturing labourers not elsewhere classified Material handlers in manufacturing (except hand packers)
* 9333 Freight handlers Except supervisors, longshore workers and air transport ramp attendants
7511 Transport truck drivers * 8332 Heavy truck and lorry drivers Except garbage, recycling, sprinkling and salt truck drivers and aircraft refuelers
7512 Bus drivers, subway operators and other transit operators * 8331 Bus and tram drivers Except supervisors
7513 Taxi and limousine drivers and chauffeurs * 8322 Car, taxi and van drivers Taxi and limousine drivers and chauffeurs
7514 Delivery and courier service drivers * 8322 Car, taxi and van drivers Delivery and courier service drivers
* 9623 Meter readers and vending-machine collectors Vending machine driver-suppliers
7521 Heavy equipment operators (except crane) * 8342 Earthmoving and related plant operators Except supervisors, zamboni drivers and public works maintenance equipment operators
7522 Public works maintenance equipment operators and related workers * 8332 Heavy truck and lorry drivers Garbage, recycling, sprinkling and salt truck drivers
* 8342 Earthmoving and related plant operators Except supervisors, zamboni drivers and heavy equipment operators (except crane)
7531 Railway yard and track maintenance workers * 7233 Agricultural and industrial machinery mechanics and repairers Locomotive servicers
* 8312 Railway brake, signal and switch operators Railway yard and track maintenance workers (except locomotive servicers)
7532 Water transport deck and engine room crew * 8182 Steam engine and boiler operators Ship stokers and ship boiler tenders
* 8350 Ships' deck crews and related workers Except boat and cable ferry operators and related occupations
7533 Boat and cable ferry operators and related occupations * 8350 Ships' deck crews and related workers Boat and cable ferry operators and related occupations
7534 Air transport ramp attendants * 8332 Heavy truck and lorry drivers Aircraft refuelers
* 9112 Cleaners and helpers in offices, hotels and other establishments Aircraft cleaners
* 9333 Freight handlers Air transport ramp attendants (except aircraft refuelers and cleaners)
7535 Other automotive mechanical installers and servicers * 7231 Motor vehicle mechanics and repairers Other automotive mechanical installers and servicers (except heavy equipment servicers)
* 7233 Agricultural and industrial machinery mechanics and repairers Heavy equipment servicers
7611 Construction trades helpers and labourers * 7119 Building frame and related trades workers not elsewhere classified Scaffold erectors and demolition workers
* 7126 Plumbers and pipe fitters Pipelayers
* 9311 Mining and quarrying labourers Quarry labourers
* 9312 Civil engineering labourers Except road and sewer maintenance workers - public works
  9313 Building construction labourers  
7612 Other trades helpers and labourers * 9629 Elementary workers not elsewhere classified Other trades helpers and labourers
7621 Public works and maintenance labourers * 9312 Civil engineering labourers Road and sewer maintenance workers - public works
  9611 Garbage and recycling collectors  
* 9613 Sweepers and related labourers Street and park sweepers
* 9623 Meter readers and vending-machine collectors Parking meter collectors
7622 Railway and motor transport labourers * 9629 Elementary workers not elsewhere classified Railway and motor transport labourers
8211 Supervisors, logging and forestry * 6210 Forestry and related workers Supervisors, logging and forestry
8221 Supervisors, mining and quarrying * 3121 Mining supervisors Supervisors, mining and quarrying
8222 Contractors and supervisors, oil and gas drilling and services * 3121 Mining supervisors Contractors and supervisors, oil and gas drilling and services
8231 Underground production and development miners * 7542 Shotfirers and blasters Blasters and powdermen/women - underground mining
* 8111 Miners and quarriers Except drillers - surface mining, quarrying and construction
* 8113 Well drillers and borers and related workers Drillers - underground mining
8232 Oil and gas well drillers, servicers, testers and related workers * 8113 Well drillers and borers and related workers Oil and gas well drillers, servicers, testers and related workers
8241 Logging machinery operators * 8341 Mobile farm and forestry plant operators Logging machinery operators
8252 Agricultural service contractors, farm supervisors and specialized livestock workers * 5164 Pet groomers and animal care workers Horse trainers
* 6111 Field crop and vegetable growers Contractors, supervisors and skilled workers - field crops and vegetables
* 6112 Tree and shrub crop growers Contractors, supervisors and skilled workers - fruit farms, vineyard and maple products
* 6113 Gardeners, horticultural and nursery growers Contractors, supervisors and skilled workers - vegetable farms, greenhouse
* 6114 Mixed crop growers Contractors, supervisors and skilled workers - mixed crops
* 6121 Livestock and dairy producers Contractors, supervisors and skilled workers - livestock and dairy farms
* 6122 Poultry producers Contractors, supervisors and skilled workers - poultry
* 6123 Apiarists and sericulturists Contractors, supervisors and skilled workers - bee farms
* 6129 Animal producers not elsewhere classified Contractors, supervisors and skilled workers - animal farms, n.e.c
* 6130 Mixed crop and animal producers Contractors, supervisors and skilled workers - mixed crop and animal farms
8255 Contractors and supervisors, landscaping, grounds maintenance and horticulture services * 6113 Gardeners, horticultural and nursery growers Contractors and supervisors, landscaping, grounds maintenance and horticulture services
8261 Fishing masters and officers * 6222 Inland and coastal waters fishery workers Fishing masters and officers - inland and coastal fishing
* 6223 Deep-sea fishery workers Fishing masters and officers - offshore fishing
8262 Fishermen/women * 6222 Inland and coastal waters fishery workers Fishermen/women - inland and coastal fishing
* 6223 Deep-sea fishery workers Fishermen/women - offshore fishing
8411 Underground mine service and support workers * 9311 Mining and quarrying labourers Underground mine service and support workers
8412 Oil and gas well drilling and related workers and services operators * 8113 Well drillers and borers and related workers Oil and gas well drilling and related workers and services operators
8421 Chain saw and skidder operators * 6210 Forestry and related workers Except supervisors, timber cruisers and silviculture and forestry workers
* 8341 Mobile farm and forestry plant operators Logging tractor operators
8422 Silviculture and forestry workers * 5411 Fire fighters Forest firefighters
* 6210 Forestry and related workers Except supervisors, timber cruisers and chain saw and skidder operators
8431 General farm workers * 5164 Pet groomers and animal care workers Horse breakers
* 8341 Mobile farm and forestry plant operators Farm equipment operators
* 9211 Crop farm labourers General farm workers - field crops and vegetables
  9212 Livestock farm labourers  
  9213 Mixed crop and livestock farm labourers  
8432 Nursery and greenhouse workers * 9214 Garden and horticultural labourers Except landscaping and grounds maintenance labourers
8441 Fishing vessel deckhands * 6223 Deep-sea fishery workers Trawlermen/women
* 9216 Fishery and aquaculture labourers Except aquaculture and marine harvest labourers
8442 Trappers and hunters   6224 Hunters and trappers  
8611 Harvesting labourers * 9211 Crop farm labourers Harvesting labourers
8612 Landscaping and grounds maintenance labourers * 7544 Fumigators and other pest and weed controllers Chemical applicators - lawn and tree care
* 9214 Garden and horticultural labourers Except nursery and greenhouse workers
8613 Aquaculture and marine harvest labourers * 9216 Fishery and aquaculture labourers Aquaculture and marine harvest labourers
8614 Mine labourers * 9311 Mining and quarrying labourers Mine labourers
8615 Oil and gas drilling, servicing and related labourers * 9311 Mining and quarrying labourers Oil and gas drilling, servicing and related labourers
8616 Logging and forestry labourers   9215 Forestry labourers  
9211 Supervisors, mineral and metal processing * 3122 Manufacturing supervisors Supervisors, mineral and metal processing
9212 Supervisors, petroleum, gas and chemical processing and utilities * 3122 Manufacturing supervisors Supervisors, petroleum, gas and chemical processing and utilities
9213 Supervisors, food, beverage and associated products processing * 3122 Manufacturing supervisors Supervisors, food, beverage and associated products processing
9214 Supervisors, plastic and rubber products manufacturing * 3122 Manufacturing supervisors Supervisors, plastic and rubber products manufacturing
9215 Supervisors, forest products processing * 3122 Manufacturing supervisors Supervisors, forest products processing
9217 Supervisors, textile, fabric, fur and leather products processing and manufacturing * 3122 Manufacturing supervisors Supervisors, textile, fabric, fur and leather products processing and manufacturing
9221 Supervisors, motor vehicle assembling * 3122 Manufacturing supervisors Supervisors, motor vehicle assembling
9222 Supervisors, electronics manufacturing * 3122 Manufacturing supervisors Supervisors, electronics manufacturing
9223 Supervisors, electrical products manufacturing * 3122 Manufacturing supervisors Supervisors, electrical products manufacturing
9224 Supervisors, furniture and fixtures manufacturing * 3122 Manufacturing supervisors Supervisors, furniture and fixtures manufacturing
9226 Supervisors, other mechanical and metal products manufacturing * 3122 Manufacturing supervisors Supervisors, other mechanical and metal products manufacturing
9227 Supervisors, other products manufacturing and assembly * 3122 Manufacturing supervisors Supervisors, other products manufacturing and assembly
9231 Central control and process operators, mineral and metal processing   3135 Metal production process controllers  
* 3139 Process control technicians not elsewhere classified Central control and process operators, mineral processing
9232 Petroleum, gas and chemical process operators   3133 Chemical processing plant controllers  
  3134 Petroleum and natural gas refining plant operators  
9235 Pulping, papermaking and coating control operators * 3139 Process control technicians not elsewhere classified Pulping, papermaking and coating control operators
9241 Power engineers and power systems operators   3131 Power production plant operators  
* 8182 Steam engine and boiler operators Stationary engineers, steam plant and boiler operators
9243 Water and waste treatment plant operators   3132 Incinerator and water treatment plant operators  
9411 Machine operators, mineral and metal processing * 8112 Mineral and stone processing plant operators Except machine operators - stone processing
  8121 Metal processing plant operators  
9412 Foundry workers   7211 Metal moulders and coremakers  
9413 Glass forming and finishing machine operators and glass cutters * 7315 Glass makers, cutters, grinders and finishers Glass blowers, cutters, grinders and finishers, hand - manufacturing
* 8181 Glass and ceramics plant operators Except kiln and forming and finishing machine operators - brick, tile, clay, pottery and porcelain
9414 Concrete, clay and stone forming operators * 7113 Stonemasons, stone cutters, splitters and carvers Stonecutters and carvers - manufacturing
* 7314 Potters and related workers Abrasive wheel moulders and pottery and porcelain moulders and casters (except artisans and kiln operators)
* 8112 Mineral and stone processing plant operators Machine operators - stone processing
  8114 Cement, stone and other mineral products machine operators  
* 8181 Glass and ceramics plant operators Kiln and forming and finishing machine operators - brick, tile, clay, pottery and porcelain
9415 Inspectors and testers, mineral and metal processing * 7543 Product graders and testers (excluding foods and beverages) Inspectors, graders and testers - mineral and metal processing
9416 Metalworking and forging machine operators * 7212 Welders and flamecutters Flame cutting machine operators - metal fabrication
* 7221 Blacksmiths, hammersmiths and forging press workers Forging machine operators
* 7223 Metal working machine tool setters and operators Metalworking machine operators
9417 Machining tool operators * 7223 Metal working machine tool setters and operators Machining tool operators (except tool grinders)
* 7224 Metal polishers, wheel grinders and tool sharpeners Tool grinders - metal machining
9418 Other metal products machine operators * 7223 Metal working machine tool setters and operators Except machinists, metalworking machine operators, machine tool operators and foremen/women
* 7224 Metal polishers, wheel grinders and tool sharpeners Knife blade polishers and polishing machine operators - metal products
* 7543 Product graders and testers (excluding foods and beverages) Inspectors, graders and testers - other metal products
* 8189 Stationary plant and machine operators not elsewhere classified Wire rope sling and cable splicers
9421 Chemical plant machine operators * 7543 Product graders and testers (excluding foods and beverages) Inspectors, graders and testers - chemical processing
  8131 Chemical products plant and machine operators  
* 8183 Packing, bottling and labelling machine operators Packaging machine operators - chemical processing
9422 Plastics processing machine operators   8142 Plastic products machine operators  
9423 Rubber processing machine operators and related workers * 7543 Product graders and testers (excluding foods and beverages) Inspectors, graders and testers - rubber products
  8141 Rubber products machine operators  
9431 Sawmill machine operators * 8172 Wood processing plant operators Sawmill machine operators
9432 Pulp mill machine operators * 7543 Product graders and testers (excluding foods and beverages) Inspectors, graders and testers - pulp
* 8171 Pulp and papermaking plant operators Pulp mill machine operators (except inspectors, graders and testers)
9433 Papermaking and finishing machine operators * 7543 Product graders and testers (excluding foods and beverages) Inspectors, graders and testers - paper
* 8171 Pulp and papermaking plant operators Papermaking and finishing machine operators (except inspectors, graders and testers)
9434 Other wood processing machine operators   7521 Wood treaters  
* 8172 Wood processing plant operators Plywood press operators and veneer cutters
9435 Paper converting machine operators   8143 Paper products machine operators  
9436 Lumber graders and other wood processing inspectors and graders * 7543 Product graders and testers (excluding foods and beverages) Inspectors, graders and testers - wood processing
9437 Woodworking machine operators   7523 Woodworking-machine tool setters and operators  
9441 Textile fibre and yarn, hide and pelt processing machine operators and workers * 7535 Pelt dressers, tanners and fellmongers Hide and pelt processing workers (except graders and machine operators)
  8151 Fibre preparing, spinning and winding machine operators  
  8154 Bleaching, dyeing and fabric cleaning machine operators  
  8155 Fur and leather preparing machine operators  
* 8159 Textile, fur and leather products machine operators not elsewhere classified Folding and measuring machine tenders and printing machine operators - textile fibre and yarn, hide and pelt processing
9442 Weavers, knitters and other fabric making occupations   8152 Weaving and knitting machine operators  
* 8159 Textile, fur and leather products machine operators not elsewhere classified Braid makers and pattern punchers - textiles
9445 Fabric, fur and leather cutters * 7532 Garment and related pattern-makers and cutters Except patternmakers - textile, leather and fur products
* 8156 Shoemaking and related machine operators Cutters, shoe parts - footwear manufacturing
9446 Industrial sewing machine operators * 7533 Sewing, embroidery and related workers Sewers and menders - garment manufacturing
  8153 Sewing machine operators  
* 8156 Shoemaking and related machine operators Shoe sewers
9447 Inspectors and graders, textile, fabric, fur and leather products manufacturing * 7531 Tailors, dressmakers, furriers and hatters Fur graders - manufacturing
* 7535 Pelt dressers, tanners and fellmongers Pelt and hide graders
* 7543 Product graders and testers (excluding foods and beverages) Inspectors, graders and testers - textile and fabric manufacturing
9461 Process control and machine operators, food, beverage and associated products processing * 7511 Butchers, fishmongers and related food preparers Meat salters
  7513 Dairy-products makers  
  7514 Fruit, vegetable and related preservers  
* 7516 Tobacco preparers and tobacco products makers Except tobacco graders and samplers
* 8160 Food and related products machine operators Machine operators - food, beverage and tobacco processing
* 8183 Packing, bottling and labelling machine operators Packing and bottling machine operators - food, beverage and associated products processing
9462 Industrial butchers and meat cutters, poultry preparers and related workers * 7511 Butchers, fishmongers and related food preparers Industrial butchers and meat cutters, poultry preparers and related workers
9463 Fish and seafood plant workers * 7511 Butchers, fishmongers and related food preparers Fish cutters and fish smokers - fish processing
* 8160 Food and related products machine operators Machine operators - fish processing
9465 Testers and graders, food, beverage and associated products processing   7515 Food and beverage tasters and graders  
* 7516 Tobacco preparers and tobacco products makers Tobacco graders and samplers
9471 Plateless printing equipment operators * 7322 Printers Plateless printing equipment operators
9472 Camera, platemaking and other prepress occupations * 7321 Pre-press technicians Camera, platemaking and other prepress occupations
9473 Binding and finishing machine operators * 7323 Print finishing and binding workers Except supervisors
9474 Photographic and film processors * 8132 Photographic products machine operators Except supervisors
9521 Aircraft assemblers and aircraft assembly inspectors * 7543 Product graders and testers (excluding foods and beverages) Aircraft assembly inspectors and testers
* 8211 Mechanical machinery assemblers Aircraft assemblers
9522 Motor vehicle assemblers, inspectors and testers * 7543 Product graders and testers (excluding foods and beverages) Motor vehicle inspectors and testers
* 8211 Mechanical machinery assemblers Motor vehicle assemblers
9523 Electronics assemblers, fabricators, inspectors and testers * 7543 Product graders and testers (excluding foods and beverages) Electronics inspectors and testers
* 8189 Stationary plant and machine operators not elsewhere classified Silicon wafer fabricators
* 8212 Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers Electronics assemblers and fabricators
9524 Assemblers and inspectors, electrical appliance, apparatus and equipment manufacturing * 7543 Product graders and testers (excluding foods and beverages) Inspectors and testers - electrical appliance, apparatus and equipment manufacturing
* 8212 Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers Assemblers electrical appliance, apparatus and equipment manufacturing
9525 Assemblers, fabricators and inspectors, industrial electrical motors and transformers * 7543 Product graders and testers (excluding foods and beverages) Inspectors and testers -industrial electrical motors and transformers
* 8212 Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers Assemblers and fabricators, industrial electrical motors and transformers
9526 Mechanical assemblers and inspectors * 7543 Product graders and testers (excluding foods and beverages) Mechanical inspectors and testers
* 8211 Mechanical machinery assemblers Mechanical assemblers
9527 Machine operators and inspectors, electrical apparatus manufacturing * 7543 Product graders and testers (excluding foods and beverages) Inspectors and testers - electrical apparatus manufacturing
* 8212 Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers Machine operators, electrical apparatus manufacturing
9531 Boat assemblers and inspectors * 7543 Product graders and testers (excluding foods and beverages) Boat inspectors and testers
* 8219 Assemblers not elsewhere classified Boat assemblers
9532 Furniture and fixture assemblers and inspectors * 7534 Upholsterers and related workers Mattress makers
* 7543 Product graders and testers (excluding foods and beverages) Inspectors, graders and testers - furniture and fixture
* 8219 Assemblers not elsewhere classified Furniture and fixture assemblers
9533 Other wood products assemblers and inspectors * 7543 Product graders and testers (excluding foods and beverages) Other wood products inspectors and testers
* 8219 Assemblers not elsewhere classified Other wood products assemblers
9534 Furniture finishers and refinishers * 7132 Spray painters and varnishers Furniture finishers and refinishers
9535 Plastic products assemblers, finishers and inspectors * 7543 Product graders and testers (excluding foods and beverages) Plastic products inspectors and testers
* 8219 Assemblers not elsewhere classified Plastic products assemblers and finishers
9536 Industrial painters, coaters and metal finishing process operators * 7132 Spray painters and varnishers Painters and coaters - industrial
  8122 Metal finishing, plating and coating machine operators  
9537 Other products assemblers, finishers and inspectors * 7533 Sewing, embroidery and related workers Umbrella makers
* 7543 Product graders and testers (excluding foods and beverages) Other products inspectors and testers
* 7549 Craft and related workers not elsewhere classified Optical lens grinders and polishers - non-prescription
* 8156 Shoemaking and related machine operators Machine operators - footwear
* 8159 Textile, fur and leather products machine operators not elsewhere classified Hatmaking machine operators and folding machine operators - garment manufacturing
* 8219 Assemblers not elsewhere classified Other products assemblers and finishers, n.e.c.
9611 Labourers in mineral and metal processing * 9329 Manufacturing labourers not elsewhere classified Labourers in mineral and metal processing
9612 Labourers in metal fabrication * 7224 Metal polishers, wheel grinders and tool sharpeners Grinders, sharpeners and polishers - metal products manufacturing
* 9329 Manufacturing labourers not elsewhere classified Labourers in metal fabrication (except grinders, sharpeners and polishers)
9613 Labourers in chemical products processing and utilities * 9329 Manufacturing labourers not elsewhere classified Labourers in chemical products processing and utilities
9614 Labourers in wood, pulp and paper processing * 9329 Manufacturing labourers not elsewhere classified Labourers in wood, pulp and paper processing
9615 Labourers in rubber and plastic products manufacturing * 9329 Manufacturing labourers not elsewhere classified Labourers in rubber and plastic products manufacturing
9616 Labourers in textile processing * 9329 Manufacturing labourers not elsewhere classified Labourers in textile processing
9617 Labourers in food, beverage and associated products processing * 9321 Hand packers Hand packers - beverage and associated products processing
* 9329 Manufacturing labourers not elsewhere classified Labourers in food, beverage and associated products processing (except hand packers)
9618 Labourers in fish and seafood processing * 9329 Manufacturing labourers not elsewhere classified Labourers in fish and seafood processing
9619 Other labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities * 8183 Packing, bottling and labelling machine operators Wrapping, packing and labelling machine tenders
* 9329 Manufacturing labourers not elsewhere classified Other labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities, n.e.c.
  9612 Refuse sorters  

Concordance: International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) 2008 to National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011

* - part of NOC class

Concordance between the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) 2008 (first two columns: code, title) and the National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011 (last four columns: part of NOC class, code, title and explanatory notes).

Concordance: International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO) 2008 to National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011.
ISCO 2008 NOC 2011
Code Title P Code Title Explanatory notes
0110 Commissioned armed forces officers   0433 Commissioned officers of the Canadian Forces  
0210 Non-commissioned armed forces officers * 4313 Non-commissioned ranks of the Canadian Forces Non-commissioned officers
0310 Armed forces occupations, other ranks * 4313 Non-commissioned ranks of the Canadian Forces Except non-commissioned officers
1111 Legislators * 0011 Legislators Except traditional chiefs and heads of villages
1112 Senior government officials   0012 Senior government managers and officials  
* 0431 Commissioned police officers Police commissioners
1113 Traditional chiefs and heads of villages * 0011 Legislators Traditional chiefs and heads of villages
1114 Senior officials of special-interest organizations * 0014 Senior managers - health, education, social and community services and membership organizations Senior managers - membership organizations
1120 Managing directors and chief executives   0013 Senior managers - financial, communications and other business services  
* 0014 Senior managers - health, education, social and community services and membership organizations Except senior managers - membership organizations
  0015 Senior managers - trade, broadcasting and other services, n.e.c.  
  0016 Senior managers - construction, transportation, production and utilities  
1211 Finance managers   0111 Financial managers  
* 0125 Other business services managers Accounting and auditing firm managers
1212 Human resource managers   0112 Human resources managers  
* 0125 Other business services managers Personnel agency managers and payroll service managers
1213 Policy and planning managers * 0114 Other administrative services managers Planning and organizational development managers
* 0125 Other business services managers Organizational planning and development directors and organizational methods analysis directors
  0411 Government managers - health and social policy development and program administration  
  0412 Government managers - economic analysis, policy development and program administration  
  0413 Government managers - education policy development and program administration  
  0414 Other managers in public administration  
1219 Business services and administration managers not elsewhere classified * 0113 Purchasing managers Except supply chain managers
* 0114 Other administrative services managers Except planning and organizational development managers
* 0125 Other business services managers Corporate services managers
* 0714 Facility operation and maintenance managers Except warehouse and distribution centre managers, airport managers, harbour masters, conference centre and shopping centre managers and recreation, sport and cultural facility managers)
1221 Sales and marketing managers * 0124 Advertising, marketing and public relations managers Marketing managers
  0601 Corporate sales managers  
1222 Advertising and public relations managers * 0124 Advertising, marketing and public relations managers Advertising and public relations managers
* 0125 Other business services managers Market research service managers
1223 Research and development managers * 0211 Engineering managers Managers, engineering research and development
* 0212 Architecture and science managers Scientific research department managers
1311 Agricultural and forestry production managers * 0811 Managers in natural resources production and fishing Forestry operations manager
* 0821 Managers in agriculture Large scale agricultural operation managers
1312 Aquaculture and fisheries production managers * 0811 Managers in natural resources production and fishing Fishing operations managers
* 0823 Managers in aquaculture Except fish and oyster farmers
1321 Manufacturing managers   0911 Manufacturing managers  
* 0912 Utilities managers Power plant and water and waste treatment managers
1322 Mining managers * 0811 Managers in natural resources production and fishing Mining operations managers
1323 Construction managers   0711 Construction managers  
1324 Supply, distribution and related managers * 0113 Purchasing managers Supply chain managers
  0132 Postal and courier services managers  
* 0714 Facility operation and maintenance managers Warehouse and distribution centre managers, airport managers and harbour masters
  0731 Managers in transportation  
* 0912 Utilities managers Directors, distribution systems - utilities
* 7304 Supervisors, railway transport operations Stationmasters and yardmasters
1330 Information and communications technology service managers   0131 Telecommunication carriers managers  
  0213 Computer and information systems managers  
1341 Child care services managers * 0423 Managers in social, community and correctional services Child-care centre administrators
1342 Health services managers * 0311 Managers in health care Except nursing home directors - aged care
1343 Aged care services managers * 0311 Managers in health care Nursing home directors - aged care
* 0423 Managers in social, community and correctional services Managers in social and community services - aged care
1344 Social welfare managers * 0423 Managers in social, community and correctional services Managers in social and community services (except child-care centres, aged care and professional, political or trade organizations)
1345 Education managers   0421 Administrators - post-secondary education and vocational training  
  0422 School principals and administrators of elementary and secondary education  
1346 Financial and insurance services branch managers   0121 Insurance, real estate and financial brokerage managers  
  0122 Banking, credit and other investment managers  
1349 Professional services managers not elsewhere classified * 0125 Other business services managers Legal firm managers, conference services managers, security services managers and other professional business services managers
* 0211 Engineering managers Except managers, engineering research and development
* 0212 Architecture and science managers Except scientific research department managers
* 0423 Managers in social, community and correctional services Correctional services managers, and labour, professional, political or trade organization/association managers
* 0431 Commissioned police officers Except police inspectors and commissioners
  0432 Fire chiefs and senior firefighting officers  
  0511 Library, archive, museum and art gallery managers  
  0512 Managers - publishing, motion pictures, broadcasting and performing arts  
* 0513 Recreation, sports and fitness program and service directors Except sports and recreation centre directors
1411 Hotel managers * 0632 Accommodation service managers Except campground managers and bed and breakfast operators
1412 Restaurant managers   0631 Restaurant and food service managers  
1420 Retail and wholesale trade managers * 0621 Retail and wholesale trade managers Except pawnbrokers, travel agency managers and certain shopkeepers
1431 Sports, recreation and cultural centre managers * 0513 Recreation, sports and fitness program and service directors Sports and recreation centre directors
* 0651 Managers in customer and personal services, n.e.c. Billiard hall and movie theatre managers
* 0714 Facility operation and maintenance managers Recreation, sport and cultural facility managers
1439 Services managers not elsewhere classified * 0125 Other business services managers Contact centre managers
* 0621 Retail and wholesale trade managers Travel agency managers
* 0632 Accommodation service managers Campground managers
* 0651 Managers in customer and personal services, n.e.c. Except billiard hall and movie theatre managers
* 0714 Facility operation and maintenance managers Conference centre and shopping centre managers
2111 Physicists and astronomers   2111 Physicists and astronomers  
* 2115 Other professional occupations in physical sciences Ballisticians and astronauts
2112 Meteorologists   2114 Meteorologists and climatologists  
2113 Chemists   2112 Chemists  
2114 Geologists and geophysicists   2113 Geoscientists and oceanographers  
2120 Mathematicians, actuaries and statisticians   2161 Mathematicians, statisticians and actuaries  
2131 Biologists, botanists, zoologists and related professionals * 2121 Biologists and related scientists Except ecologists and environmental biologists and toxicologists
2132 Farming, forestry and fisheries advisers * 2115 Other professional occupations in physical sciences Soil scientists
  2122 Forestry professionals  
  2123 Agricultural representatives, consultants and specialists  
* 2223 Forestry technologists and technicians Silviculturists
* 4161 Natural and applied science policy researchers, consultants and program officers Fisheries analysts
2133 Environmental protection professionals * 2121 Biologists and related scientists Ecologists, environmental biologists and environmental toxicologists
* 2224 Conservation and fishery officers Conservation officers, fisheries officers and park rangers
* 4161 Natural and applied science policy researchers, consultants and program officers Environmental consultants
2141 Industrial and production engineers * 2141 Industrial and manufacturing engineers Except environmental and industrial safety engineers
2142 Civil engineers * 2131 Civil engineers Except environmental engineers, civil
  2144 Geological engineers  
2143 Environmental engineers * 2131 Civil engineers Environmental engineers, civil
* 2134 Chemical engineers Environmental engineers, chemical
2144 Mechanical engineers * 2132 Mechanical engineers Mechanical engineers (except nuclear engineers)
  2146 Aerospace engineers  
* 2148 Other professional engineers, n.e.c. Naval engineers
2145 Chemical engineers * 2134 Chemical engineers Except environmental and explosives engineers
2146 Mining engineers, metallurgists and related professionals * 2115 Other professional occupations in physical sciences Metallurgists and materials scientists
* 2142 Metallurgical and materials engineers Metallurgical engineers
* 2143 Mining engineers Except mine safety engineers
  2145 Petroleum engineers  
2149 Engineering professionals not elsewhere classified * 2132 Mechanical engineers Nuclear engineers
* 2134 Chemical engineers Explosives engineers
* 2141 Industrial and manufacturing engineers Industrial safety engineers
* 2142 Metallurgical and materials engineers Materials engineers
* 2143 Mining engineers Mine safety engineers
* 2148 Other professional engineers, n.e.c. Except naval engineers
2151 Electrical engineers * 2133 Electrical and electronics engineers Electrical engineers
2152 Electronics engineers * 2133 Electrical and electronics engineers Except electrical engineers and engineers - radio and television broadcasting
* 2147 Computer engineers (except software engineers and designers) Computer engineers
2153 Telecommunications engineers * 2133 Electrical and electronics engineers Engineers - radio and television broadcasting
* 2147 Computer engineers (except software engineers and designers) Telecommunications engineers (except engineers - radio and television broadcasting)
2161 Building architects   2151 Architects  
2162 Landscape architects   2152 Landscape architects  
* 2225 Landscape and horticulture technicians and specialists Landscape architectural technologists and landscape designers
2163 Product and garment designers   2252 Industrial designers  
  5243 Theatre, fashion, exhibit and other creative designers  
2164 Town and traffic planners   2153 Urban and land use planners  
2165 Cartographers and surveyors   2154 Land surveyors  
* 2255 Technical occupations in geomatics and meteorology Technical occupations in geomatics
2166 Graphic and multimedia designers * 2175 Web designers and developers Web designers
* 5223 Graphic arts technicians Except lettering artists and sign writers and painters
  5241 Graphic designers and illustrators  
2211 Generalist medical practitioners   3112 General practitioners and family physicians  
2212 Specialist medical practitioners   3111 Specialist physicians  
2221 Nursing professionals   3011 Nursing co-ordinators and supervisors  
  3012 Registered nurses and registered psychiatric nurses  
* 3124 Allied primary health practitioners Nurse practitioners
2222 Midwifery professionals * 3124 Allied primary health practitioners Midwives
2230 Traditional and complementary medicine professionals * 3125 Other professional occupations in health diagnosing and treating Naturopaths
* 3232 Practitioners of natural healing Except herbalists and shamans
2240 Paramedical practitioners * 3124 Allied primary health practitioners Physician assistants and anesthesia assistants
2250 Veterinarians   3114 Veterinarians  
2261 Dentists   3113 Dentists  
2262 Pharmacists   3131 Pharmacists  
2263 Environmental and occupational health and hygiene professionals * 4161 Natural and applied science policy researchers, consultants and program officers Ergonomists and occupational and industrial hygienists
2264 Physiotherapists   3142 Physiotherapists  
2265 Dieticians and nutritionists   3132 Dietitians and nutritionists  
2266 Audiologists and speech therapists   3141 Audiologists and speech-language pathologists  
2267 Optometrists and ophthalmic opticians   3121 Optometrists  
* 3125 Other professional occupations in health diagnosing and treating Orthoptists
2269 Health professionals not elsewhere classified * 3125 Other professional occupations in health diagnosing and treating Podiatrists, chiropodists and other professional occupations in health diagnosing and treating
  3143 Occupational therapists  
  3144 Other professional occupations in therapy and assessment  
2310 University and higher education teachers   4011 University professors and lecturers  
  4012 Post-secondary teaching and research assistants  
* 4021 College and other vocational instructors College instructors (except vocational training)
2320 Vocational education teachers * 4021 College and other vocational instructors Except non-vocational college instructors, language teachers, information technology trainers and company trainers
* 4031 Secondary school teachers Vocational high school teachers
2330 Secondary education teachers * 4031 Secondary school teachers Except special needs and vocational teachers
2341 Primary school teachers * 4032 Elementary school and kindergarten teachers Except special needs teachers
2342 Early childhood educators * 4214 Early childhood educators and assistants Early childhood educators
2351 Education methods specialists * 4166 Education policy researchers, consultants and program officers Teaching consultants, curriculum consultants, program development specialists, education science specialists and school inspectors
2352 Special needs teachers * 4031 Secondary school teachers Special needs teachers - secondary school
* 4032 Elementary school and kindergarten teachers Special needs teachers - elementary school
  4215 Instructors of persons with disabilities  
2353 Other language teachers * 4021 College and other vocational instructors Language school instructor
2354 Other music teachers * 5133 Musicians and singers Music teachers
2355 Other arts teachers * 5134 Dancers Dance teachers
* 5135 Actors and comedians Dramatic arts teachers - private or studio
* 5136 Painters, sculptors and other visual artists Art teachers (except primary, secondary and post-secondary education)
2356 Information technology trainers * 4021 College and other vocational instructors Information technology trainers
2359 Teaching professionals not elsewhere classified * 4021 College and other vocational instructors Company trainers
  4033 Educational counsellors  
* 4216 Other instructors Except driver's licence examiners and driving instructors
* 5244 Artisans and craftspersons Craft instructors (except in education)
2411 Accountants   1111 Financial auditors and accountants  
2412 Financial and investment advisers * 1114 Other financial officers Financial and investment advisers
2413 Financial analysts   1112 Financial and investment analysts  
* 1114 Other financial officers Except financial and investment advisers, other financial brokers, mortgage underwriters and credit adjudicators
2421 Management and organization analysts * 1122 Professional occupations in business management consulting Except records management specialists
2422 Policy administration professionals * 4161 Natural and applied science policy researchers, consultants and program officers Natural and applied science policy advisors and program officers
* 4162 Economists and economic policy researchers and analysts Economic policy researchers and analysts
* 4163 Business development officers and marketing researchers and consultants Business development officers
  4164 Social policy researchers, consultants and program officers  
* 4165 Health policy researchers, consultants and program officers Except coroners
* 4166 Education policy researchers, consultants and program officers Education policy researchers and program officers
  4167 Recreation, sports and fitness policy researchers, consultants and program officers  
  4168 Program officers unique to government  
2423 Personnel and careers professionals * 1121 Human resources professionals Except staff training and development professionals
  4156 Employment counsellors  
2424 Training and staff development professionals * 1121 Human resources professionals Staff training and development professionals
2431 Advertising and marketing professionals * 1123 Professional occupations in advertising, marketing and public relations Professional occupations in advertising and marketing
* 4163 Business development officers and marketing researchers and consultants Marketing analysts and consultants
* 5121 Authors and writers Advertising writers
2432 Public relations professionals * 1123 Professional occupations in advertising, marketing and public relations Professional occupations in public relations
2433 Technical and medical sales professionals (excluding ICT) * 6221 Technical sales specialists - wholesale trade Except technical sales specialists - information and communication technology
2434 Information and communications technology sales professionals * 6221 Technical sales specialists - wholesale trade Technical sales specialists - information and communication technology
2511 Systems analysts * 2171 Information systems analysts and consultants Except quality assurance and security analysts
2512 Software developers   2173 Software engineers and designers  
* 2174 Computer programmers and interactive media developers Programmer analysts
2513 Web and multimedia developers * 2174 Computer programmers and interactive media developers Interactive media developers
* 2175 Web designers and developers Web site developers
2514 Applications programmers * 2174 Computer programmers and interactive media developers Computer programmers (except interactive media developers and programmer analysts)
2519 Software and applications developers and analysts not elsewhere classified * 2171 Information systems analysts and consultants Systems quality assurance analysts
  2283 Information systems testing technicians  
2521 Database designers and administrators   2172 Database analysts and data administrators  
2522 Systems administrators * 2281 Computer network technicians Systems and network administrators
2523 Computer network professionals * 2147 Computer engineers (except software engineers and designers) Network specialists - computer systems
2529 Database and network professionals not elsewhere classified * 2171 Information systems analysts and consultants Systems security analysts
2611 Lawyers * 4112 Lawyers and Quebec notaries Lawyers
2612 Judges   4111 Judges  
2619 Legal professionals not elsewhere classified * 4112 Lawyers and Quebec notaries Quebec notaries, legal advisors and legal officers (except lawyers)
* 4165 Health policy researchers, consultants and program officers Coroners
2621 Archivists and curators * 1122 Professional occupations in business management consulting Records management specialists
  5112 Conservators and curators  
  5113 Archivists  
2622 Librarians and related information professionals   5111 Librarians  
2631 Economists   4162 Economists and economic policy researchers and analysts  
2632 Sociologists, anthropologists and related professionals * 4169 Other professional occupations in social science, n.e.c. Sociologists, anthropologists, archaeologists and geographers
2633 Philosophers, historians and political scientists * 4169 Other professional occupations in social science, n.e.c. Philosophers, historians and political scientists
2634 Psychologists   4151 Psychologists  
* 4169 Other professional occupations in social science, n.e.c. Psychometrists
2635 Social work and counselling professionals   4152 Social workers  
  4153 Family, marriage and other related counsellors  
  4155 Probation and parole officers and related occupations  
2636 Religious professionals   4154 Professional occupations in religion  
2641 Authors and related writers * 5121 Authors and writers Except advertising and public relations writers and lexicographers
  * 5122 Editors Book editors
2642 Journalists * 5122 Editors Newspaper editors, sub-editors and copy editors
  5123 Journalists  
* 5131 Producers, directors, choreographers and related occupations Television news producers
2643 Translators, interpreters and other linguists * 4169 Other professional occupations in social science, n.e.c. Linguists and philologists
* 5121 Authors and writers Lexicographers
  5125 Translators, terminologists and interpreters  
2651 Visual artists * 5136 Painters, sculptors and other visual artists Except art teachers and decorations painters- visual arts
* 5244 Artisans and craftspersons Ceramic artists
2652 Musicians, singers and composers   5132 Conductors, composers and arrangers  
* 5133 Musicians and singers Except music teachers
2653 Dancers and choreographers * 5131 Producers, directors, choreographers and related occupations Choreographers
* 5134 Dancers Except dance teachers
* 5232 Other performers, n.e.c. Exotic dancers
2654 Film, stage and related directors and producers * 5131 Producers, directors, choreographers and related occupations Except choreographers and television news producers
2655 Actors * 5135 Actors and comedians Actors
2656 Announcers on radio, television and other media   5231 Announcers and other broadcasters  
2659 Creative and performing artists not elsewhere classified * 5135 Actors and comedians Comedians and humorists - performing arts
* 5232 Other performers, n.e.c. Except exotic dancers, stuntmen/women and fashion models
3111 Chemical and physical science technicians * 2211 Chemical technologists and technicians Except chemical engineering technicians, forensic laboratory technicians and biochemistry technicians and technologists
* 2212 Geological and mineral technologists and technicians Geological technicians
* 2255 Technical occupations in geomatics and meteorology Technical occupations in meteorology
3112 Civil engineering technicians   2231 Civil engineering technologists and technicians  
  2234 Construction estimators  
* 2254 Land survey technologists and technicians Land survey technicians
  2264 Construction inspectors  
* 4312 Firefighters Fire inspectors and fire prevention specialists
3113 Electrical engineering technicians * 2241 Electrical and electronics engineering technologists and technicians Electrical engineering technologists and technicians
3114 Electronics engineering technicians * 2241 Electrical and electronics engineering technologists and technicians Electronics engineering technologists and technicians
* 2243 Industrial instrument technicians and mechanics Instrumentation technicians, industrial
3115 Mechanical engineering technicians * 2232 Mechanical engineering technologists and technicians Except robotics technicians
3116 Chemical engineering technicians * 2211 Chemical technologists and technicians Chemical engineering technologists and technicians
* 2212 Geological and mineral technologists and technicians Petroleum engineering technicians
3117 Mining and metallurgical technicians * 2212 Geological and mineral technologists and technicians Mining and metallurgical technicians and technologists
3118 Draughtspersons   2253 Drafting technologists and technicians  
* 2254 Land survey technologists and technicians Cartographic draftsmen/women
3119 Physical and engineering science technicians not elsewhere classified * 2211 Chemical technologists and technicians Forensic laboratory technicians
* 2232 Mechanical engineering technologists and technicians Robotics technicians
  2233 Industrial engineering and manufacturing technologists and technicians  
  2251 Architectural technologists and technicians  
  2261 Non-destructive testers and inspection technicians  
* 2262 Engineering inspectors and regulatory officers Except weights and measures inspectors
* 4312 Firefighters Fire investigators
3121 Mining supervisors   8221 Supervisors, mining and quarrying  
  8222 Contractors and supervisors, oil and gas drilling and services  
3122 Manufacturing supervisors   9211 Supervisors, mineral and metal processing  
  9212 Supervisors, petroleum, gas and chemical processing and utilities  
  9213 Supervisors, food, beverage and associated products processing  
  9214 Supervisors, plastic and rubber products manufacturing  
  9215 Supervisors, forest products processing  
  9217 Supervisors, textile, fabric, fur and leather products processing and manufacturing  
  9221 Supervisors, motor vehicle assembling  
  9222 Supervisors, electronics manufacturing  
  9223 Supervisors, electrical products manufacturing  
  9224 Supervisors, furniture and fixtures manufacturing  
  9226 Supervisors, other mechanical and metal products manufacturing  
  9227 Supervisors, other products manufacturing and assembly  
3123 Construction supervisors   7203 Contractors and supervisors, pipefitting trades  
* 7204 Contractors and supervisors, carpentry trades Except foremen/women, cabinetmakers
* 7205 Contractors and supervisors, other construction trades, installers, repairers and servicers Construction supervisors, except contractors and supervisors, pipefitting and carpentry trades and general foremen/women building construction
3131 Power production plant operators * 9241 Power engineers and power systems operators Except stationary engineers and steam plant and boiler operators
3132 Incinerator and water treatment plant operators   9243 Water and waste treatment plant operators  
3133 Chemical processing plant controllers * 9232 Petroleum, gas and chemical process operators Chemical process operators
3134 Petroleum and natural gas refining plant operators * 9232 Petroleum, gas and chemical process operators Petroleum and gas process operators
3135 Metal production process controllers * 9231 Central control and process operators, mineral and metal processing Central control and process operators, metal processing
3139 Process control technicians not elsewhere classified * 2243 Industrial instrument technicians and mechanics Control technicians, nuclear generating station and heavy water plant
* 9231 Central control and process operators, mineral and metal processing Central control and process operators, mineral processing
  9235 Pulping, papermaking and coating control operators  
3141 Life science technicians (excluding medical) * 2211 Chemical technologists and technicians Biochemistry technicians and technologists (except medical)
* 2221 Biological technologists and technicians Except agriculture, aquaculture and fish hatchery technicians
3142 Agricultural technicians * 2221 Biological technologists and technicians Agricultural technicians (except horticultural technicians and technologists)
* 2225 Landscape and horticulture technicians and specialists Horticultural technicians and technologists
3143 Forestry technicians * 2223 Forestry technologists and technicians Except silviculturists and timber cruisers
3151 Ships' engineers   2274 Engineer officers, water transport  
3152 Ships' deck officers and pilots   2273 Deck officers, water transport  
3153 Aircraft pilots and related associate professionals   2271 Air pilots, flight engineers and flying instructors  
3154 Air traffic controllers   2272 Air traffic controllers and related occupations  
3155 Air traffic safety electronics technicians * 2241 Electrical and electronics engineering technologists and technicians Air traffic safety electronics technicians
3211 Medical imaging and therapeutic equipment technicians   3215 Medical radiation technologists  
  3216 Medical sonographers  
  3217 Cardiology technologists and electrophysiological diagnostic technologists, n.e.c.  
3212 Medical and pathology laboratory technicians   3211 Medical laboratory technologists  
* 3212 Medical laboratory technicians and pathologists' assistants Except phlebotomists
3213 Pharmaceutical technicians and assistants * 3219 Other medical technologists and technicians (except dental health) Pharmacy technicians
3214 Medical and dental prosthetic technicians * 3219 Other medical technologists and technicians (except dental health) Ocularists, orthotists, prosthetists and ocularist, orthotic and prosthetic technicians (except dental health)
  3221 Denturists  
  3223 Dental technologists, technicians and laboratory assistants  
* 3237 Other technical occupations in therapy and assessment Hearing aid technicians
3221 Nursing associate professionals * 3233 Licensed practical nurses Except surgical technicians
3222 Midwifery associate professionals   9999 Not in NOC  
3230 Traditional and complementary medicine associate professionals * 3232 Practitioners of natural healing Herbalists and shamans
3240 Veterinary technicians and assistants   3213 Animal health technologists and veterinary technicians  
3251 Dental assistants and therapists   3222 Dental hygienists and dental therapists  
* 3411 Dental assistants Except dental aides
3252 Medical records and health information technicians   1252 Health information management occupations  
* 1411 General office support workers Medical records clerks and health information clerks
3253 Community health workers * 4212 Social and community service workers Community health workers
3254 Dispensing opticians   3231 Opticians  
3255 Physiotherapy technicians and assistants * 3232 Practitioners of natural healing Acupressure therapists and reflexologists
  3236 Massage therapists  
* 3237 Other technical occupations in therapy and assessment Physiotherapy and physical rehabilitation technicians and assistants
3256 Medical assistants * 3237 Other technical occupations in therapy and assessment Ophthalmic assistants
* 3414 Other assisting occupations in support of health services Medical clinic assistants
3257 Environmental and occupational health inspectors and associates   2263 Inspectors in public and environmental health and occupational health and safety  
3258 Ambulance workers   3234 Paramedical occupations  
3259 Health associate professionals not elsewhere classified   3122 Chiropractors  
* 3125 Other professional occupations in health diagnosing and treating Osteopaths
  3214 Respiratory therapists, clinical perfusionists and cardiopulmonary technologists  
* 3219 Other medical technologists and technicians (except dental health) Other medical technologists and technicians, n.e.c.
* 3237 Other technical occupations in therapy and assessment Other technical occupations in therapy and assessment, n.e.c.
3311 Securities and finance dealers and brokers * 1113 Securities agents, investment dealers and brokers Except commodity brokers
* 1114 Other financial officers Other financial brokers
3312 Credit and loans officers * 1114 Other financial officers Mortgage underwriters and credit adjudicators
  6235 Financial sales representatives  
3313 Accounting associate professionals   1311 Accounting technicians and bookkeepers  
3314 Statistical, mathematical and related associate professionals   1254 Statistical officers and related research support occupations  
3315 Valuers and loss assessors   1312 Insurance adjusters and claims examiners  
  1314 Assessors, valuators and appraisers  
3321 Insurance representatives   1313 Insurance underwriters  
  6231 Insurance agents and brokers  
3322 Commercial sales representatives * 6411 Sales and account representatives - wholesale trade (non-technical) Except auctioneers, advertising agents and freight sales agents
3323 Buyers   1225 Purchasing agents and officers  
  6222 Retail and wholesale buyers  
3324 Trade brokers * 1113 Securities agents, investment dealers and brokers Commodity brokers
* 1315 Customs, ship and other brokers Except customs brokers
3331 Clearing and forwarding agents * 1215 Supervisors, supply chain, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations Freight forwarding logisticians, shipping and receiving supervisors
* 1315 Customs, ship and other brokers Customs brokers
* 1521 Shippers and receivers Shipping agents and freight shippers-receivers
3332 Conference and event planners   1226 Conference and event planners  
3333 Employment agents and contractors   1223 Human resources and recruitment officers  
3334 Real estate agents and property managers   1224 Property administrators  
  6232 Real estate agents and salespersons  
3339 Business services agents not elsewhere classified * 1123 Professional occupations in advertising, marketing and public relations Literary agents, performers agents and sports agents
* 6411 Sales and account representatives - wholesale trade (non-technical) Auctioneers, advertising agents and freight sales agents
3341 Office supervisors * 1211 Supervisors, general office and administrative support workers Except supervisors, desktop publishing operators and related occupations
  1212 Supervisors, finance and insurance office workers  
* 1213 Supervisors, library, correspondence and related information workers Except supervisors, regulatory clerks and supervisors, meter readers
  1214 Supervisors, mail and message distribution occupations  
* 1215 Supervisors, supply chain, tracking and scheduling co-ordination occupations Supervisors, production, purchasing, parts, stock shipping and receiving clerks
  6314 Customer and information services supervisors  
3342 Legal secretaries * 1242 Legal administrative assistants Legal secretaries (except legal assistants)
3343 Administrative and executive secretaries   1221 Administrative officers  
  1222 Executive assistants  
* 1241 Administrative assistants Except secretaries (general)
* 1251 Court reporters, medical transcriptionists and related occupations Court reporters
3344 Medical secretaries   1243 Medical administrative assistants  
* 1251 Court reporters, medical transcriptionists and related occupations Medical transcriptionists
3351 Customs and border inspectors * 1228 Employment insurance, immigration, border services and revenue officers Border services officers
3352 Government tax and excise officials * 1228 Employment insurance, immigration, border services and revenue officers Revenue officers
3353 Government social benefits officials * 1228 Employment insurance, immigration, border services and revenue officers Employment insurance officers
* 4212 Social and community service workers Social services officers
3354 Government licensing officials * 1213 Supervisors, library, correspondence and related information workers Supervisors, regulatory clerks
* 1452 Correspondence, publication and regulatory clerks Regulatory clerks
* 4216 Other instructors Driver's licence examiners and driving examiners
3355 Police inspectors and detectives * 0431 Commissioned police officers Police inspectors
* 4311 Police officers (except commissioned) Detectives and investigators - police (except commissioned)
3359 Regulatory government associate professionals not elsewhere classified   2222 Agricultural and fish products inspectors  
* 2262 Engineering inspectors and regulatory officers Weights and measures inspectors
3411 Legal and related associate professionals   1227 Court officers and justices of the peace  
* 1242 Legal administrative assistants Legal assistants
  1416 Court clerks  
  4211 Paralegal and related occupations  
  4421 Sheriffs and bailiffs  
* 6541 Security guards and related security service occupations Private detectives
3412 Social work associate professionals * 4212 Social and community service workers Except community health workers and social services officers
3413 Religious associate professionals   4217 Other religious occupations  
3421 Athletes and sports players   5251 Athletes  
3422 Sports coaches, instructors and officials   5252 Coaches  
  5253 Sports officials and referees  
* 5254 Program leaders and instructors in recreation, sport and fitness Sports instructors
3423 Fitness and recreation instructors and program leaders * 5254 Program leaders and instructors in recreation, sport and fitness Program leaders and instructors in recreation and fitness
3431 Photographers   5221 Photographers  
3432 Interior designers and decorators   5242 Interior designers and interior decorators  
3433 Gallery, museum and library technicians   5211 Library and public archive technicians  
* 5212 Technical occupations related to museums and art galleries Except interpretive guides - museum and historic site
3434 Chefs   6321 Chefs  
3435 Other artistic and cultural associate professionals   5226 Other technical and co-ordinating occupations in motion pictures, broadcasting and the performing arts  
* 5227 Support occupations in motion pictures, broadcasting, photography and the performing arts Except production assistants, riggers and grips
* 5232 Other performers, n.e.c. Stuntmen/women
* 6562 Estheticians, electrologists and related occupations Tattoo artists
3511 Information and communications technology operations technicians * 2281 Computer network technicians Computer operators
3512 Information and communications technology user support technicians   2282 User support technicians  
3513 Computer network and systems technicians * 2281 Computer network technicians Except systems administrators and information and communications technology operations technicians
3514 Web technicians * 2175 Web designers and developers Webmasters
* 2281 Computer network technicians Web technicians (except webmasters)
3521 Broadcasting and audio-visual technicians   5222 Film and video camera operators  
  5224 Broadcast technicians  
  5225 Audio and video recording technicians  
* 5227 Support occupations in motion pictures, broadcasting, photography and the performing arts Film projectionists and production assistants - motion pictures and broadcasting
3522 Telecommunications engineering technicians * 2241 Electrical and electronics engineering technologists and technicians Telecommunications engineering technologists and technicians
4110 General office clerks * 1411 General office support workers General office support workers, n.e.c.
4120 Secretaries (general) * 1241 Administrative assistants Secretaries
4131 Typists and word processing operators * 1251 Court reporters, medical transcriptionists and related occupations Stenographers, reporters, transcribers and related occupations (except court reporters and medical transcriptionists)
* 1411 General office support workers Word processor clerks and typists
4132 Data entry clerks   1422 Data entry clerks  
4211 Bank tellers and related clerks * 1511 Mail, postal and related workers Postal counter clerks
  6551 Customer services representatives - financial institutions  
4212 Bookmakers, croupiers and related gaming workers * 6313 Accommodation, travel, tourism and related services supervisors Supervisors of casino occupations
  6533 Casino occupations  
4213 Pawnbrokers and money-lenders * 0621 Retail and wholesale trade managers Pawnbrokers
4214 Debt-collectors and related workers   1435 Collectors  
4221 Travel consultants and clerks * 6313 Accommodation, travel, tourism and related services supervisors Supervisors - travel clerks, airline sales and service agents, ground and water transport ticket agents, cargo service representatives and related clerks, passenger service attendants and hotel guest services attendants
  6521 Travel counsellors  
  6523 Airline ticket and service agents  
  6524 Ground and water transport ticket agents, cargo service representatives and related clerks  
4222 Contact centre information clerks * 6552 Other customer and information services representatives Contact centre agents
4223 Telephone switchboard operators * 1414 Receptionists Telephone and switchboard operators
4224 Hotel receptionists * 6313 Accommodation, travel, tourism and related services supervisors Hotel front desk clerks supervisors
  6525 Hotel front desk clerks  
4225 Enquiry clerks * 6552 Other customer and information services representatives Enquiries clerks
4226 Receptionists (general) * 1414 Receptionists Except telephone switchboard operators and client information workers not elsewhere classified
4227 Survey and market research interviewers * 1454 Survey interviewers and statistical clerks Interviewers - survey or poll
4229 Client information workers not elsewhere classified * 1414 Receptionists Hospital admissions clerks
4311 Accounting and bookkeeping clerks * 1431 Accounting and related clerks Accounting clerks
4312 Statistical, finance and insurance clerks * 1431 Accounting and related clerks Tax clerks and finance clerks
  1434 Banking, insurance and other financial clerks  
* 1454 Survey interviewers and statistical clerks Statistical clerks
4313 Payroll clerks   1432 Payroll clerks  
4321 Stock clerks * 1521 Shippers and receivers Shipping and receiving clerks
  1522 Storekeepers and partspersons  
  1524 Purchasing and inventory control workers  
4322 Production clerks   1523 Production logistics co-ordinators  
4323 Transport clerks   1525 Dispatchers  
  1526 Transportation route and crew schedulers  
  2275 Railway traffic controllers and marine traffic regulators  
* 7305 Supervisors, motor transport and other ground transit operators Dispatchers, motor transport and other ground transit operators
4411 Library clerks   1451 Library assistants and clerks  
4412 Mail carriers and sorting clerks * 1511 Mail, postal and related workers Except postal counter clerks
  1512 Letter carriers  
4413 Coding, proof-reading and related clerks * 1452 Correspondence, publication and regulatory clerks Proofreaders
* 1454 Survey interviewers and statistical clerks Coding clerks - statistics
4414 Scribes and related workers * 1411 General office support workers Clerks who write letters and complete forms on behalf of illiterate persons
4415 Filing and copying clerks   1253 Records management technicians  
* 1411 General office support workers Filing and copying clerks
4416 Personnel clerks   1415 Personnel clerks  
4419 Clerical support workers not elsewhere classified * 1452 Correspondence, publication and regulatory clerks Correspondence and publication clerks
5111 Travel attendants and travel stewards * 6313 Accommodation, travel, tourism and related services supervisors Pursers and flight attendants supervisors
  6522 Pursers and flight attendants  
* 6721 Support occupations in accommodation, travel and facilities set-up services Passenger service attendants and hotel guest services attendants
5112 Transport conductors * 7362 Railway conductors and brakemen/women Railway conductors
5113 Travel guides * 5212 Technical occupations related to museums and art galleries Interpretive guides - museum and historic site
* 6313 Accommodation, travel, tourism and related services supervisors Supervisors, tour, travel and outdoor sport and recreational guides
* 6531 Tour and travel guides Except calèche drivers
  6532 Outdoor sport and recreational guides  
5120 Cooks * 6322 Cooks Except pastry and short order cooks
5131 Waiters * 6311 Food service supervisors Except canteen, cafeteria and food concession supervisors and food assembly supervisors and shift managers, fast food restaurant
  6511 Maîtres d'hôtel and hosts/hostesses  
  6513 Food and beverage servers  
5132 Bartenders   6512 Bartenders  
5141 Hairdressers   6341 Hairstylists and barbers  
5142 Beauticians and related workers   6561 Image, social and other personal consultants  
* 6562 Estheticians, electrologists and related occupations Except tattoo artists
5151 Cleaning and housekeeping supervisors in offices, hotels and other establishments   6312 Executive housekeepers  
* 6315 Cleaning supervisors Building cleaning supervisors
5152 Domestic housekeepers * 0632 Accommodation service managers Bed and breakfast operators
* 4412 Home support workers, housekeepers and related occupations Domestic housekeepers
* 6315 Cleaning supervisors Housekeeping supervisors
* 6742 Other service support occupations, n.e.c. Butlers
5153 Building caretakers * 6315 Cleaning supervisors Supervisors, janitors
* 6733 Janitors, caretakers and building superintendents Except handymen/women
5161 Astrologers, fortune-tellers and related workers * 6564 Other personal service occupations Astrologers, fortune tellers, psychic consultants and related workers
5162 Companions and valets * 6742 Other service support occupations, n.e.c. Valets and personal servants
5163 Undertakers and embalmers   6346 Funeral directors and embalmers  
5164 Pet groomers and animal care workers * 6563 Pet groomers and animal care workers Except drivers of animal-drawn vehicles and machinery
* 8252 Agricultural service contractors, farm supervisors and specialized livestock workers Horse trainers
* 8431 General farm workers Horse breakers
5165 Driving instructors * 4216 Other instructors Driving school instructors
5169 Personal services workers not elsewhere classified * 6564 Other personal service occupations Except astrologers, fortune-tellers and related workers
5211 Stall and market salespersons * 6421 Retail salespersons Retail salespersons who work in street stalls or public markets
5212 Street food salespersons * 6711 Food counter attendants, kitchen helpers and related support occupations Street food vendors
5221 Shopkeepers * 0621 Retail and wholesale trade managers Operators of small shops
5222 Shop supervisors   6211 Retail sales supervisors  
5223 Shop sales assistants * 6421 Retail salespersons Except stall and market salespersons and rental agents - retail
5230 Cashiers and ticket clerks   6611 Cashiers  
5241 Fashion and other models * 5232 Other performers, n.e.c. Fashion and other models
5242 Sales demonstrators * 6623 Other sales related occupations Sales demonstrators
5243 Door to door salespersons * 6623 Other sales related occupations Door-to-door salespersons, home salespersons and direct distributors
5244 Contact centre salespersons * 6623 Other sales related occupations Telemarketers and telephone solicitors
5245 Service station attendants   6621 Service station attendants  
5246 Food service counter attendants * 6311 Food service supervisors Canteen, cafeteria and food concession supervisors
* 6711 Food counter attendants, kitchen helpers and related support occupations Food counter attendants
5249 Sales workers not elsewhere classified * 6421 Retail salespersons Rental agents - retail
* 6623 Other sales related occupations Other sales related occupations, n.e.c.
5311 Child care workers * 4214 Early childhood educators and assistants Child care workers - daycare (except early childhood educators)
  4411 Home child care providers  
5312 Teachers' aides   4413 Elementary and secondary school teacher assistants  
5321 Health care assistants   3413 Nurse aides, orderlies and patient service associates  
5322 Home-based personal care workers * 4412 Home support workers, housekeepers and related occupations Except domestic housekeepers
5329 Personal care workers in health services not elsewhere classified * 3212 Medical laboratory technicians and pathologists' assistants Phlebotomists
* 3411 Dental assistants Dental aides
* 3414 Other assisting occupations in support of health services Sterilization processing attendants, pharmacy aides and other assisting occupations in support of health services, n.e.c.
5411 Fire fighters * 4312 Firefighters Except fire investigators, inspectors and prevention specialists
* 8422 Silviculture and forestry workers Forest firefighters
5412 Police officers * 4311 Police officers (except commissioned) Except detectives and investigators
5413 Prison guards   4422 Correctional service officers  
5414 Security guards * 6316 Other services supervisors Supervisors, security guards
* 6541 Security guards and related security service occupations Except private detectives and crossing guards
5419 Protective services workers not elsewhere classified * 2224 Conservation and fishery officers Game warden
  4423 By-law enforcement and other regulatory officers, n.e.c.  
* 5254 Program leaders and instructors in recreation, sport and fitness Lifeguards
* 6541 Security guards and related security service occupations Crossing guards
6111 Field crop and vegetable growers * 0821 Managers in agriculture Field crop and vegetable growers
* 8252 Agricultural service contractors, farm supervisors and specialized livestock workers Contractors, supervisors and skilled workers - field crops and vegetables
6112 Tree and shrub crop growers * 0821 Managers in agriculture Fruit farmers, viticulturists and maple syrup producers
* 8252 Agricultural service contractors, farm supervisors and specialized livestock workers Contractors, supervisors and skilled workers - fruit farms, vineyard and maple products
6113 Gardeners, horticultural and nursery growers * 0821 Managers in agriculture Market gardeners
  0822 Managers in horticulture  
* 2225 Landscape and horticulture technicians and specialists Horticulturists and landscape gardeners
* 8252 Agricultural service contractors, farm supervisors and specialized livestock workers Contractors, supervisors and skilled workers - vegetable farms, greenhouse
  8255 Contractors and supervisors, landscaping, grounds maintenance and horticulture services  
6114 Mixed crop growers * 0821 Managers in agriculture Mixed crop farmers
* 8252 Agricultural service contractors, farm supervisors and specialized livestock workers Contractors, supervisors and skilled workers - mixed crops
6121 Livestock and dairy producers * 0821 Managers in agriculture Livestock and dairy producers
* 8252 Agricultural service contractors, farm supervisors and specialized livestock workers Contractors, supervisors and skilled workers - livestock and dairy farms
6122 Poultry producers * 0821 Managers in agriculture Poultry producers
* 8252 Agricultural service contractors, farm supervisors and specialized livestock workers Contractors, supervisors and skilled workers - poultry
6123 Apiarists and sericulturists * 0821 Managers in agriculture Apiarists and sericulturists
* 8252 Agricultural service contractors, farm supervisors and specialized livestock workers Contractors, supervisors and skilled workers - bee farms
6129 Animal producers not elsewhere classified * 0821 Managers in agriculture Animal producers, n.e.c
* 8252 Agricultural service contractors, farm supervisors and specialized livestock workers Contractors, supervisors and skilled workers - animal farms, n.e.c
6130 Mixed crop and animal producers * 0821 Managers in agriculture Mixed crop and animal producers
* 8252 Agricultural service contractors, farm supervisors and specialized livestock workers Contractors, supervisors and skilled workers - mixed crop and animal farms
6210 Forestry and related workers * 2223 Forestry technologists and technicians Timber cruisers
  8211 Supervisors, logging and forestry  
* 8421 Chain saw and skidder operators Except logging tractor operators
* 8422 Silviculture and forestry workers Except forest firefighters
6221 Aquaculture workers * 0823 Managers in aquaculture Fish and oyster farmers
* 2221 Biological technologists and technicians Aquaculture and fish hatchery technicians
6222 Inland and coastal waters fishery workers * 8261 Fishing masters and officers Fishing masters and officers - inland and coastal fishing
* 8262 Fishermen/women Fishermen/women - inland and coastal fishing
6223 Deep-sea fishery workers * 8261 Fishing masters and officers Fishing masters and officers - offshore fishing
* 8262 Fishermen/women Fishermen/women - offshore fishing
* 8441 Fishing vessel deckhands Trawlermen/women
6224 Hunters and trappers   8442 Trappers and hunters  
6310 Subsistence crop farmers   9999 Not in NOC  
6320 Subsistence livestock farmers   9999 Not in NOC  
6330 Subsistence mixed crop and livestock farmers   9999 Not in NOC  
6340 Subsistence fishers, hunters, trappers and gatherers   9999 Not in NOC  
7111 House builders   0712 Home building and renovation managers  
7112 Bricklayers and related workers * 7281 Bricklayers Except stonemasons and stonecutters
* 7441 Residential and commercial installers and servicers Interlocking stone installers
7113 Stonemasons, stone cutters, splitters and carvers * 5244 Artisans and craftspersons Hand stone carvers
* 7281 Bricklayers Stonemasons and stonecutters
* 7384 Other trades and related occupations, n.e.c. Stonework patternmakers
* 9414 Concrete, clay and stone forming operators Stonecutters and carvers - manufacturing
7114 Concrete placers, concrete finishers and related workers   7282 Concrete finishers  
* 7283 Tilesetters Terrazzo workers
* 7384 Other trades and related occupations, n.e.c. Model and mould makers - concrete products
7115 Carpenters and joiners   7271 Carpenters  
* 7441 Residential and commercial installers and servicers Residential and commercial installers and servicers - doors, windows and other wood products
7119 Building frame and related trades workers not elsewhere classified * 7302 Contractors and supervisors, heavy equipment operator crews Foremen/women, building wrecking
* 7384 Other trades and related occupations, n.e.c. Steeplejacks and smokestack repairers
* 7441 Residential and commercial installers and servicers Residential and commercial installers and servicers - building interior and exterior
* 7611 Construction trades helpers and labourers Scaffold erectors and demolition workers
7121 Roofers   7291 Roofers and shinglers  
7122 Floor layers and tile setters * 7283 Tilesetters Except terrazzo workers
  7295 Floor covering installers  
* 7441 Residential and commercial installers and servicers Floor sanders and finishers
7123 Plasterers * 7284 Plasterers, drywall installers and finishers and lathers Except acoustic tile installers
7124 Insulation workers * 7284 Plasterers, drywall installers and finishers and lathers Acoustic tile installers
  7293 Insulators  
* 7441 Residential and commercial installers and servicers Weather strip installers
7125 Glaziers   7292 Glaziers  
* 7322 Motor vehicle body repairers Automotive glass technicians
7126 Plumbers and pipe fitters   7251 Plumbers  
  7252 Steamfitters, pipefitters and sprinkler system installers  
  7253 Gas fitters  
* 7441 Residential and commercial installers and servicers Residential and commercial installers and servicers - water, gas and sewage systems
  7442 Waterworks and gas maintenance workers  
* 7611 Construction trades helpers and labourers Pipelayers
7127 Air conditioning and refrigeration mechanics * 7301 Contractors and supervisors, mechanic trades Contractors and supervisors, heating systems, air conditioning and refrigeration mechanics
  7313 Refrigeration and air conditioning mechanics  
  7331 Oil and solid fuel heating mechanics  
7131 Painters and related workers   7294 Painters and decorators (except interior decorators)  
7132 Spray painters and varnishers * 7322 Motor vehicle body repairers Motor vehicle painters - motor vehicle repair
  9534 Furniture finishers and refinishers  
* 9536 Industrial painters, coaters and metal finishing process operators Painters and coaters - industrial
7133 Building structure cleaners * 6315 Cleaning supervisors Supervisors, building exterior cleaners
* 6732 Specialized cleaners Chimney sweeps, sandblasting building cleaners and building exterior cleaners
7211 Metal moulders and coremakers   9412 Foundry workers  
7212 Welders and flamecutters * 7201 Contractors and supervisors, machining, metal forming, shaping and erecting trades and related occupations Contractors and supervisors, welding
  7237 Welders and related machine operators  
* 9416 Metalworking and forging machine operators Flame cutting machine operators - metal fabrication
7213 Sheet-metal workers * 7201 Contractors and supervisors, machining, metal forming, shaping and erecting trades and related occupations Sheet metal workers contractors and boilermakers foremen/women
  7233 Sheet metal workers  
  7234 Boilermakers  
* 7301 Contractors and supervisors, mechanic trades Contractors and supervisors, automotive body shop
* 7322 Motor vehicle body repairers Except automotive glass technicians and motor vehicle painters
7214 Structural-metal preparers and erectors * 7201 Contractors and supervisors, machining, metal forming, shaping and erecting trades and related occupations Ironwork contractors and foremen/women, metal fabricators, metal fitters and platework fabricators
  7235 Structural metal and platework fabricators and fitters  
  7236 Ironworkers  
7215 Riggers and cable splicers * 5227 Support occupations in motion pictures, broadcasting, photography and the performing arts Riggers and grips - motion pictures, broadcasting and performing arts
* 7201 Contractors and supervisors, machining, metal forming, shaping and erecting trades and related occupations Ship riggers foremen/women
* 7311 Construction millwrights and industrial mechanics Ship riggers
* 7371 Crane operators Riggers
7221 Blacksmiths, hammersmiths and forging press workers * 7201 Contractors and supervisors, machining, metal forming, shaping and erecting trades and related occupations Foremen/women, blacksmiths
* 7384 Other trades and related occupations, n.e.c. Blacksmiths and hammersmiths
* 9416 Metalworking and forging machine operators Forging machine operators
7222 Toolmakers and related workers * 7201 Contractors and supervisors, machining, metal forming, shaping and erecting trades and related occupations Foremen/women, tool and die makers, metal mould and metal patternmakers
  7232 Tool and die makers  
* 7384 Other trades and related occupations, n.e.c. Locksmiths and gunsmiths
7223 Metal working machine tool setters and operators * 7201 Contractors and supervisors, machining, metal forming, shaping and erecting trades and related occupations Foremen/women, machinists and machine tool set-up operators
* 7231 Machinists and machining and tooling inspectors Machinists
* 9416 Metalworking and forging machine operators Metalworking machine operators
* 9417 Machining tool operators Except tool grinders - metal machining
* 9418 Other metal products machine operators Other metal products machine operators, n.e.c.
7224 Metal polishers, wheel grinders and tool sharpeners * 7201 Contractors and supervisors, machining, metal forming, shaping and erecting trades and related occupations Machine tool grinding foremen/women
* 7311 Construction millwrights and industrial mechanics Card and napper grinders
* 7384 Other trades and related occupations, n.e.c. Saw filers
* 9417 Machining tool operators Tool grinders - metal machining
* 9418 Other metal products machine operators Knife blade polishers and polishing machine operators - metal products
* 9612 Labourers in metal fabrication Grinders, sharpeners and polishers - metal products manufacturing
7231 Motor vehicle mechanics and repairers * 7301 Contractors and supervisors, mechanic trades Contractors and supervisors, motor vehicle mechanics and repairers
  7314 Railway carmen/women  
  7321 Automotive service technicians, truck and bus mechanics and mechanical repairers  
  7334 Motorcycle, all-terrain vehicle and other related mechanics  
  7335 Other small engine and small equipment repairers  
* 7384 Other trades and related occupations, n.e.c. Recreation vehicle technicians
* 7535 Other automotive mechanical installers and servicers Except heavy equipment servicers
7232 Aircraft engine mechanics and repairers * 7301 Contractors and supervisors, mechanic trades Contractors and supervisors, aircraft engine mechanics and repairers
  7315 Aircraft mechanics and aircraft inspectors  
* 7316 Machine fitters Aircraft engine fitters
7233 Agricultural and industrial machinery mechanics and repairers * 7301 Contractors and supervisors, mechanic trades Contractors and supervisors, agricultural, industrial, construction millwrights and heavy-duty machinery mechanics and repairers
* 7311 Construction millwrights and industrial mechanics Construction millwrights and industrial mechanics (except ship riggers and card and napper grinders)
  7312 Heavy-duty equipment mechanics  
* 7316 Machine fitters Machine fitters (except aircraft)
* 7535 Other automotive mechanical installers and servicers Heavy equipment servicers
* 7531 Railway yard and track maintenance workers Locomotive servicers
7234 Bicycle and related repairers * 7205 Contractors and supervisors, other construction trades, installers, repairers and servicers Contractors and supervisors, bicycle repair shop
* 7445 Other repairers and servicers Non-motorized transport equipment repairers
7311 Precision-instrument makers and repairers * 2243 Industrial instrument technicians and mechanics Precision instrument mechanics
* 3219 Other medical technologists and technicians (except dental health) Orthopedic appliance assemblers
* 6344 Jewellers, jewellery and watch repairers and related occupations Watchmakers and watch repairers
* 7205 Contractors and supervisors, other construction trades, installers, repairers and servicers Contractors and supervisors, surveying instrument, precision instrument repairers
* 7384 Other trades and related occupations, n.e.c. Calibrators, scientific instruments and scales
* 7445 Other repairers and servicers Surveying instrument, optical instrument, photographic equipment or other precision instrument repairers
7312 Musical instrument makers and tuners * 5244 Artisans and craftspersons Musical instrument makers - artisan
* 7205 Contractors and supervisors, other construction trades, installers, repairers and servicers Contractors and supervisors, musical instrument repair
* 7445 Other repairers and servicers Musical instrument repairers and tuners
7313 Jewellery and precious-metal workers * 5244 Artisans and craftspersons Goldsmiths, silversmiths, jewellery engravers and jewellery artisans (hand)
* 6344 Jewellers, jewellery and watch repairers and related occupations Jewellers, jewellery repairers and related occupations (except watchmakers and watch repairers)
7314 Potters and related workers * 5244 Artisans and craftspersons Potters and ceramists
* 7384 Other trades and related occupations, n.e.c. Plaster pattern makers
* 9414 Concrete, clay and stone forming operators Abrasive wheel moulders and pottery and porcelain moulders and casters (except artisans and kiln operators)
7315 Glass makers, cutters, grinders and finishers * 5244 Artisans and craftspersons Glass blowers, cutters, grinders and finishers (except manufacturing)
* 9413 Glass forming and finishing machine operators and glass cutters Glass blowers, cutters, grinders and finishers, hand - manufacturing
7316 Sign writers, decorative painters, engravers and etchers * 5136 Painters, sculptors and other visual artists Decorations painters - visual arts
* 5223 Graphic arts technicians Lettering artists and sign writers and painters
* 5244 Artisans and craftspersons Decorative engravers
* 7384 Other trades and related occupations, n.e.c. Glass calibrators
7317 Handicraft workers in wood, basketry and related materials * 5244 Artisans and craftspersons Handicraft workers in wood, basketry and related materials
7318 Handicraft workers in textile, leather and related materials * 5244 Artisans and craftspersons Handicraft workers in textile, leather and related materials
7319 Handicraft workers not elsewhere classified * 5244 Artisans and craftspersons Artisans and craftspersons, n.e.c.
7321 Pre-press technicians * 1211 Supervisors, general office and administrative support workers Supervisors, desktop publishing operators and related occupations
  1423 Desktop publishing operators and related occupations  
* 7303 Supervisors, printing and related occupations Supervisors, camera, platemaking and other prepress occupations
  9472 Camera, platemaking and other prepress occupations  
7322 Printers * 7303 Supervisors, printing and related occupations Supervisors, pressroom - printing
  7381 Printing press operators  
  9471 Plateless printing equipment operators  
7323 Print finishing and binding workers * 7303 Supervisors, printing and related occupations Supervisors, binding and finishing machine operators
  9473 Binding and finishing machine operators  
7411 Building and related electricians * 7202 Contractors and supervisors, electrical trades and telecommunications occupations Electrical contractors and supervisors and chief electrician (except power system electricians and power line and cable workers)
  7241 Electricians (except industrial and power system)  
  7242 Industrial electricians  
7412 Electrical mechanics and fitters * 2243 Industrial instrument technicians and mechanics Industrial instrument mechanics
* 2244 Aircraft instrument, electrical and avionics mechanics, technicians and inspectors Aircraft electrical mechanics and technicians
* 7202 Contractors and supervisors, electrical trades and telecommunications occupations Contractors and supervisors, power system electricians and electrical equipment installation and repair
* 7205 Contractors and supervisors, other construction trades, installers, repairers and servicers Contractors and supervisors, installers, servicers and repairers - electrical appliances
  7243 Power system electricians  
* 7301 Contractors and supervisors, mechanic trades Contractors and supervisors, electrical mechanics and fitters
  7318 Elevator constructors and mechanics  
  7332 Appliance servicers and repairers  
  7333 Electrical mechanics  
* 7441 Residential and commercial installers and servicers Residential and commercial installers and servicers - electrical appliances
* 7445 Other repairers and servicers Other repairers and servicers -electric appliances
7413 Electrical line installers and repairers * 7202 Contractors and supervisors, electrical trades and telecommunications occupations Contractors and supervisors, electrical power line and cable workers
  7244 Electrical power line and cable workers  
7421 Electronics mechanics and servicers * 2242 Electronic service technicians (household and business equipment) Except electronic service technicians - information and communications technology
* 2244 Aircraft instrument, electrical and avionics mechanics, technicians and inspectors Aircraft instrument and avionics mechanics, technicians and inspectors
7422 Information and communications technology installers and servicers * 2242 Electronic service technicians (household and business equipment) Electronic service technicians - information and communications technology
* 7202 Contractors and supervisors, electrical trades and telecommunications occupations Contractors and supervisors, cable and line installation and repair workers - telecommunications
* 7205 Contractors and supervisors, other construction trades, installers, repairers and servicers Contractors and supervisors, residential and commercial installers and servicers - communication equipment
  7245 Telecommunications line and cable workers  
  7246 Telecommunications installation and repair workers  
  7247 Cable television service and maintenance technicians  
* 7441 Residential and commercial installers and servicers Residential and commercial installers and servicers - communication equipment
7511 Butchers, fishmongers and related food preparers   6331 Butchers, meat cutters and fishmongers - retail and wholesale  
* 9461 Process control and machine operators, food, beverage and associated products processing Meat salters
  9462 Industrial butchers and meat cutters, poultry preparers and related workers  
* 9463 Fish and seafood plant workers Fish cutters and fish smokers - fish processing
7512 Bakers, pastry-cooks and confectionery makers * 6322 Cooks Pastry cooks
  6332 Bakers  
7513 Dairy-products makers * 9461 Process control and machine operators, food, beverage and associated products processing Dairy products preparers and makers (except machine operators)
7514 Fruit, vegetable and related preservers * 9461 Process control and machine operators, food, beverage and associated products processing Fruit and vegeteble preservers (except machine operators)
7515 Food and beverage tasters and graders * 9465 Testers and graders, food, beverage and associated products processing Inspectors, graders and testers - food and beverage processing (except tobacco products)
7516 Tobacco preparers and tobacco products makers * 9461 Process control and machine operators, food, beverage and associated products processing Tobacco preparers and tobacco products makers (except machine operators)
* 9465 Testers and graders, food, beverage and associated products processing Tobacco graders and samplers
7521 Wood treaters * 9434 Other wood processing machine operators Except plywood press operators and veneer cutters
7522 Cabinet-makers and related workers * 7204 Contractors and supervisors, carpentry trades Foremen/women, cabinetmakers
  7272 Cabinetmakers  
7523 Woodworking-machine tool setters and operators   9437 Woodworking machine operators  
7531 Tailors, dressmakers, furriers and hatters   6342 Tailors, dressmakers, furriers and milliners  
* 9447 Inspectors and graders, textile, fabric, fur and leather products manufacturing Fur graders - manufacturing
7532 Garment and related pattern-makers and cutters   5245 Patternmakers - textile, leather and fur products  
* 9445 Fabric, fur and leather cutters Except cutters, shoe parts - footwear manufacturing
7533 Sewing, embroidery and related workers * 5244 Artisans and craftspersons Hand embroiderers
* 9446 Industrial sewing machine operators Sewers and menders - garment manufacturing
* 9537 Other products assemblers, finishers and inspectors Umbrella makers
7534 Upholsterers and related workers   6345 Upholsterers  
* 9532 Furniture and fixture assemblers and inspectors Mattress makers
7535 Pelt dressers, tanners and fellmongers * 9441 Textile fibre and yarn, hide and pelt processing machine operators and workers Hide and pelt processing workers (except graders and machine operators)
* 9447 Inspectors and graders, textile, fabric, fur and leather products manufacturing Pelt and hide graders
7536 Shoemakers and related workers   6343 Shoe repairers and shoemakers  
7541 Underwater divers * 7384 Other trades and related occupations, n.e.c. Underwater divers
7542 Shotfirers and blasters * 7302 Contractors and supervisors, heavy equipment operator crews Foremen/women, blasters - construction
* 7372 Drillers and blasters - surface mining, quarrying and construction Blasters and powdermen/women - surface mining, quarrying and construction
* 8231 Underground production and development miners Blasters and powdermen/women - underground mining
7543 Product graders and testers (excluding foods and beverages) * 7201 Contractors and supervisors, machining, metal forming, shaping and erecting trades and related occupations Foremen/women, machine shop inspectors
* 7231 Machinists and machining and tooling inspectors Machining and tooling inspectors
  9415 Inspectors and testers, mineral and metal processing  
* 9418 Other metal products machine operators Inspectors, graders and testers - other metal products
* 9421 Chemical plant machine operators Inspectors, graders and testers - chemical processing
* 9423 Rubber processing machine operators and related workers Inspectors, graders and testers - rubber products
* 9432 Pulp mill machine operators Inspectors, graders and testers - pulp
* 9433 Papermaking and finishing machine operators Inspectors, graders and testers - paper
  9436 Lumber graders and other wood processing inspectors and graders  
* 9447 Inspectors and graders, textile, fabric, fur and leather products manufacturing Inspectors, graders and testers - textile and fabric manufacturing
* 9521 Aircraft assemblers and aircraft assembly inspectors Aircraft assembly inspectors and testers
* 9522 Motor vehicle assemblers, inspectors and testers Motor vehicle inspectors and testers
* 9523 Electronics assemblers, fabricators, inspectors and testers Electronics inspectors and testers
* 9524 Assemblers and inspectors, electrical appliance, apparatus and equipment manufacturing Inspectors and testers - electrical appliance, apparatus and equipment manufacturing
* 9525 Assemblers, fabricators and inspectors, industrial electrical motors and transformers Inspectors and testers -industrial electrical motors and transformers
* 9526 Mechanical assemblers and inspectors Mechanical inspectors and testers
* 9527 Machine operators and inspectors, electrical apparatus manufacturing Inspectors and testers - electrical apparatus manufacturing
* 9531 Boat assemblers and inspectors Boat inspectors and testers
* 9532 Furniture and fixture assemblers and inspectors Inspectors, graders and testers - furniture and fixture
* 9533 Other wood products assemblers and inspectors Other wood products inspectors and testers
* 9535 Plastic products assemblers, finishers and inspectors Plastic products inspectors and testers
* 9537 Other products assemblers, finishers and inspectors Other products inspectors and testers
7544 Fumigators and other pest and weed controllers * 7205 Contractors and supervisors, other construction trades, installers, repairers and servicers Contractors and supervisors, pest control and fumigation
  7444 Pest controllers and fumigators  
* 8612 Landscaping and grounds maintenance labourers Chemical applicators - lawn and tree care
7549 Craft and related workers not elsewhere classified * 3414 Other assisting occupations in support of health services Optical lens grinders and polishers
* 7205 Contractors and supervisors, other construction trades, installers, repairers and servicers Contractors and supervisors, other repairers, installers and servicers, n.e.c.
* 7384 Other trades and related occupations, n.e.c. Trades and related occupations, n.e.c.
* 7441 Residential and commercial installers and servicers Residential and commercial installers and servicers, n.e.c.
* 7445 Other repairers and servicers Other repairers and servicers, n.e.c.
* 9537 Other products assemblers, finishers and inspectors Optical lens grinders and polishers - non-prescription
8111 Miners and quarriers * 7372 Drillers and blasters - surface mining, quarrying and construction Drillers - surface mining, quarrying and construction
* 8231 Underground production and development miners Except blasters and drillers - underground mining
8112 Mineral and stone processing plant operators * 9411 Machine operators, mineral and metal processing Machine operators, mineral and stone processing
* 9414 Concrete, clay and stone forming operators Machine operators - stone processing
8113 Well drillers and borers and related workers * 7302 Contractors and supervisors, heavy equipment operator crews Well drilling foremen/women
  7373 Water well drillers  
* 8231 Underground production and development miners Drillers - underground mining
  8232 Oil and gas well drillers, servicers, testers and related workers  
  8412 Oil and gas well drilling and related workers and services operators  
8114 Cement, stone and other mineral products machine operators * 9414 Concrete, clay and stone forming operators Forming and finishing machine operators -concrete and stone casting
8121 Metal processing plant operators * 9411 Machine operators, mineral and metal processing Machine operators, metal processing
8122 Metal finishing, plating and coating machine operators * 9536 Industrial painters, coaters and metal finishing process operators Plating, metal spraying and related operators
8131 Chemical products plant and machine operators * 9421 Chemical plant machine operators Except packaging machine operators
8132 Photographic products machine operators * 7303 Supervisors, printing and related occupations Supervisors, photographic and film processors
  9474 Photographic and film processors  
8141 Rubber products machine operators * 9423 Rubber processing machine operators and related workers Except inspectors, graders and testers
8142 Plastic products machine operators   9422 Plastics processing machine operators  
8143 Paper products machine operators   9435 Paper converting machine operators  
8151 Fibre preparing, spinning and winding machine operators * 9441 Textile fibre and yarn, hide and pelt processing machine operators and workers Fibre preparing, spinning and winding machine operators
8152 Weaving and knitting machine operators * 9442 Weavers, knitters and other fabric making occupations Weaving and knitting machine operators
8153 Sewing machine operators * 9446 Industrial sewing machine operators Except sewers and menders - garment and shoe manufacturing
8154 Bleaching, dyeing and fabric cleaning machine operators * 9441 Textile fibre and yarn, hide and pelt processing machine operators and workers Bleaching, dyeing and fabric cleaning machine operators
8155 Fur and leather preparing machine operators * 9441 Textile fibre and yarn, hide and pelt processing machine operators and workers Fur and leather preparing machine operators
8156 Shoemaking and related machine operators * 9445 Fabric, fur and leather cutters Cutters, shoe parts - footwear manufacturing
* 9446 Industrial sewing machine operators Shoe sewers
* 9537 Other products assemblers, finishers and inspectors Machine operators - footwear
8157 Laundry machine operators * 6316 Other services supervisors Production supervisors - laundry and dry cleaning
* 6741 Dry cleaning, laundry and related occupations Dry-cleaning, laundry and related machine operators
8159 Textile, fur and leather products machine operators not elsewhere classified * 9441 Textile fibre and yarn, hide and pelt processing machine operators and workers Folding and measuring machine tenders and printing machine operators - textile fibre and yarn, hide and pelt processing
* 9442 Weavers, knitters and other fabric making occupations Braid makers and pattern punchers - textiles
* 9537 Other products assemblers, finishers and inspectors Hatmaking machine operators and folding machine operators - garment manufacturing
8160 Food and related products machine operators * 9461 Process control and machine operators, food, beverage and associated products processing Machine operators - food, beverage and tobacco processing
* 9463 Fish and seafood plant workers Machine operators - fish processing
8171 Pulp and papermaking plant operators * 9432 Pulp mill machine operators Except inspectors, graders and testers
* 9433 Papermaking and finishing machine operators Except inspectors, graders and testers
8172 Wood processing plant operators   9431 Sawmill machine operators  
* 9434 Other wood processing machine operators Plywood press operators and veneer cutters
8181 Glass and ceramics plant operators * 9413 Glass forming and finishing machine operators and glass cutters Except glass blowers, cutters, grinders and finishers, hand - manufacturing
* 9414 Concrete, clay and stone forming operators Kiln and forming and finishing machine operators - brick, tile, clay, pottery and porcelain
8182 Steam engine and boiler operators * 7532 Water transport deck and engine room crew Ship stokers and ship boiler tenders
* 9241 Power engineers and power systems operators Stationary engineers, steam plant and boiler operators
8183 Packing, bottling and labelling machine operators * 9421 Chemical plant machine operators Packaging machine operators - chemical processing
* 9461 Process control and machine operators, food, beverage and associated products processing Packing and bottling machine operators - food, beverage and associated products processing
* 9619 Other labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities Wrapping, packing and labelling machine tenders
8189 Stationary plant and machine operators not elsewhere classified * 9418 Other metal products machine operators Wire rope sling and cable splicers
* 9523 Electronics assemblers, fabricators, inspectors and testers Silicon wafer fabricators
8211 Mechanical machinery assemblers * 9521 Aircraft assemblers and aircraft assembly inspectors Aircraft assemblers
* 9522 Motor vehicle assemblers, inspectors and testers Motor vehicle assemblers
* 9526 Mechanical assemblers and inspectors Mechanical assemblers
8212 Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers * 9523 Electronics assemblers, fabricators, inspectors and testers Electronics assemblers and fabricators
* 9524 Assemblers and inspectors, electrical appliance, apparatus and equipment manufacturing Assemblers electrical appliance, apparatus and equipment manufacturing
* 9525 Assemblers, fabricators and inspectors, industrial electrical motors and transformers Assemblers and fabricators, industrial electrical motors and transformers
* 9527 Machine operators and inspectors, electrical apparatus manufacturing Machine operators, electrical apparatus manufacturing
8219 Assemblers not elsewhere classified * 7441 Residential and commercial installers and servicers Curtain and furniture installers
* 9531 Boat assemblers and inspectors Boat assemblers
* 9532 Furniture and fixture assemblers and inspectors Furniture and fixture assemblers
* 9533 Other wood products assemblers and inspectors Other wood products assemblers
* 9535 Plastic products assemblers, finishers and inspectors Plastic products assemblers and finishers
* 9537 Other products assemblers, finishers and inspectors Other products assemblers and finishers, n.e.c.
8311 Locomotive engine drivers * 7304 Supervisors, railway transport operations Except stationmasters and yardmasters
* 7361 Railway and yard locomotive engineers Railway locomotive engineers (except yard and switch engineers)
8312 Railway brake, signal and switch operators * 7302 Contractors and supervisors, heavy equipment operator crews Railwaymen/women foremen/women
* 7361 Railway and yard locomotive engineers Yard and switch engineers
* 7362 Railway conductors and brakemen/women Brakemen/women
* 7531 Railway yard and track maintenance workers Except locomotive servicers
8321 Motorcycle drivers   9999 Not in NOC  
8322 Car, taxi and van drivers * 6742 Other service support occupations, n.e.c. Motor vehicle jockeys
  7513 Taxi and limousine drivers and chauffeurs  
* 7514 Delivery and courier service drivers Except vending machine driver-suppliers
8331 Bus and tram drivers * 7305 Supervisors, motor transport and other ground transit operators Except dispatchers
  7512 Bus drivers, subway operators and other transit operators  
8332 Heavy truck and lorry drivers   7511 Transport truck drivers  
* 7522 Public works maintenance equipment operators and related workers Garbage, recycling, sprinkling and salt truck drivers
* 7534 Air transport ramp attendants Aircraft refuelers
8341 Mobile farm and forestry plant operators   8241 Logging machinery operators  
* 8421 Chain saw and skidder operators Logging tractor operators
* 8431 General farm workers Farm equipment operators
8342 Earthmoving and related plant operators * 6722 Operators and attendants in amusement, recreation and sport Zamboni drivers
* 7302 Contractors and supervisors, heavy equipment operator crews Heavy construction crew foremen/women
  7521 Heavy equipment operators (except crane)  
* 7522 Public works maintenance equipment operators and related workers Except garbage, recycling, sprinkling and salt truck drivers
8343 Crane, hoist and related plant operators * 6722 Operators and attendants in amusement, recreation and sport Cable car, ski lift and amusement ride operators
* 7302 Contractors and supervisors, heavy equipment operator crews Crane crew foremen/women
* 7371 Crane operators Except riggers
8344 Lifting truck operators * 7452 Material handlers Lift truck operators
8350 Ships' deck crews and related workers * 7532 Water transport deck and engine room crew Except ship stokers and boiler tenders
  7533 Boat and cable ferry operators and related occupations  
9111 Domestic cleaners and helpers * 6731 Light duty cleaners House cleaners
9112 Cleaners and helpers in offices, hotels and other establishments * 6315 Cleaning supervisors Supervisors, bus, railway car and related vehicle cleaners
* 6731 Light duty cleaners Except sweepers and housecleaners
* 6732 Specialized cleaners Bus, railway car and related vehicle cleaners
* 7534 Air transport ramp attendants Aircraft cleaners
9121 Hand launderers and pressers * 6741 Dry cleaning, laundry and related occupations Hand washers, hand pressers and hand finishers - laundry and dry cleaning
9122 Vehicle cleaners * 6315 Cleaning supervisors Supervisors, vehicle cleaners
* 6732 Specialized cleaners Car washers
9123 Window cleaners * 6315 Cleaning supervisors Supervisors, window cleaners
* 6732 Specialized cleaners Window cleaners
9129 Other cleaning workers * 6315 Cleaning supervisors Supervisors, specialized cleaners (except vehicle and window cleaners)
* 6732 Specialized cleaners Except window, vehicle and building structure cleaners
9211 Crop farm labourers * 8431 General farm workers General farm workers - field crops and vegetables
  8611 Harvesting labourers  
9212 Livestock farm labourers * 8431 General farm workers General farm workers - livestock, poultry, dairy and bee farms
9213 Mixed crop and livestock farm labourers * 8431 General farm workers General farm workers - mixed crop and animal farms
9214 Garden and horticultural labourers   8432 Nursery and greenhouse workers  
* 8612 Landscaping and grounds maintenance labourers Except chemical applicators
9215 Forestry labourers   8616 Logging and forestry labourers  
9216 Fishery and aquaculture labourers * 8441 Fishing vessel deckhands Except trawlermen/women
  8613 Aquaculture and marine harvest labourers  
9311 Mining and quarrying labourers * 7611 Construction trades helpers and labourers Quarry labourers
  8411 Underground mine service and support workers  
  8614 Mine labourers  
  8615 Oil and gas drilling, servicing and related labourers  
9312 Civil engineering labourers * 7611 Construction trades helpers and labourers Construction labourers (except building construction)
* 7621 Public works and maintenance labourers Road and sewer maintenance workers - public works
9313 Building construction labourers * 7611 Construction trades helpers and labourers Building construction labourers
9321 Hand packers * 7452 Material handlers Hand packers - manufacturing
* 9617 Labourers in food, beverage and associated products processing Hand packers - beverage and associated products processing
9329 Manufacturing labourers not elsewhere classified * 7452 Material handlers Material handlers in manufacturing (except hand packers)
  9611 Labourers in mineral and metal processing  
* 9612 Labourers in metal fabrication Except grinders, sharpeners and polishers - metal products manufacturing
  9613 Labourers in chemical products processing and utilities  
  9614 Labourers in wood, pulp and paper processing  
  9615 Labourers in rubber and plastic products manufacturing  
  9616 Labourers in textile processing  
* 9617 Labourers in food, beverage and associated products processing Except hand packers
  9618 Labourers in fish and seafood processing  
* 9619 Other labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities Other labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities, n.e.c.
9331 Hand and pedal vehicle drivers * 6742 Other service support occupations, n.e.c. Hand and pedal vehicle drivers
9332 Drivers of animal-drawn vehicles and machinery * 6531 Tour and travel guides Tour guides who drive animal-drawn vehicles, for example calèche drivers
* 6563 Pet groomers and animal care workers Drivers of animal-drawn vehicles and machinery
9333 Freight handlers * 7302 Contractors and supervisors, heavy equipment operator crews Longshoremen/women, stevedores and freight handlers foremen/women
  7451 Longshore workers  
* 7452 Material handlers Except material handlers in manufacturing
* 7534 Air transport ramp attendants Except aircraft refuelers and cleaners
9334 Shelf fillers   6622 Store shelf stockers, clerks and order fillers  
9411 Fast food preparers * 6311 Food service supervisors Food assembly supervisors and shift managers, fast food restaurant
* 6322 Cooks Short order cooks
* 6711 Food counter attendants, kitchen helpers and related support occupations Except street food salespersons, food service counter attendants and kitchen helpers
9412 Kitchen helpers * 6711 Food counter attendants, kitchen helpers and related support occupations Kitchen helpers
9510 Street and related service workers * 6742 Other service support occupations, n.e.c. Street and related service workers
9520 Street vendors (excluding food) * 6623 Other sales related occupations Street vendors
9611 Garbage and recycling collectors * 7621 Public works and maintenance labourers Garbage and recycling truck loaders
9612 Refuse sorters * 9619 Other labourers in processing, manufacturing and utilities Recyclable materials sorters
9613 Sweepers and related labourers * 6731 Light duty cleaners Floor sweepers and airport cleaners
* 7621 Public works and maintenance labourers Street and park sweepers
9621 Messengers, package deliverers and luggage porters   1513 Couriers, messengers and door-to-door distributors  
* 6313 Accommodation, travel, tourism and related services supervisors Baggage porter supervisors
* 6721 Support occupations in accommodation, travel and facilities set-up services Baggage porters
9622 Odd job persons * 6733 Janitors, caretakers and building superintendents Handymen/women
9623 Meter readers and vending-machine collectors * 1213 Supervisors, library, correspondence and related information workers Supervisors, meter readers
* 1454 Survey interviewers and statistical clerks Meter readers
* 7514 Delivery and courier service drivers Vending machine driver-suppliers
* 7621 Public works and maintenance labourers Parking meter collectors
9624 Water and firewood collectors   9999 Not in NOC  
9629 Elementary workers not elsewhere classified * 6316 Other services supervisors Other services supervisors, n.c.a.
* 6721 Support occupations in accommodation, travel and facilities set-up services Hotel doorkeepers and facilities porters
* 6722 Operators and attendants in amusement, recreation and sport Attendants in amusement, recreation and sport
* 6742 Other service support occupations, n.e.c. Except butlers, valets, motor vehicle jockeys, hand and pedal vehicle drivers and street service workers
  7612 Other trades helpers and labourers  
  7622 Railway and motor transport labourers  

Calculation of Volume of Retail Trade Sales

Introduction

This document presents the methodology used to produce volume measures of retail trade sales. To achieve this goal, information from the Consumer Price Index (CPI) the Retail Commodity Survey (RCS) and the Monthly Retail Trade Survey (MRTS) are combined to produce monthly estimates for the total retail trade industry.

Purpose of Deflation

Changes in current dollar retail sales can be decomposed into two elements: a price element, or the part of the growth linked to price variations and a volume element, which covers the change in quantities and quality of the goods and services sold. The chained dollar and constant price data for retail sales provide two evaluations of the changes in the volume of sales. The volume measures are obtained by removing from the current dollar value of sales the price variations measured by appropriate price indexes. This process is known as deflation.

Derivation of Retail Sales Price Indices

The price indexes used for deflation come from the Consumer Price Index (CPI – survey no. 2301) program. Adjustments are made to the CPI indexes to exclude changes in retail sales tax since the retail sales data exclude HST, GST or PST1, whereas the CPI measures includes the effect of these tax changes. An unpublished dataset from Consumer Prices Division is used to adjust the CPI to the retail sales concept.

The Retail Commodity Survey (RCS – survey no. 2008) collects information for 120 exhaustive categories of goods sold by type of retail outlet. This survey provides a breakdown of the retail outlet’s total sales by commodity. Each RCS commodity is matched with the most suitable CPI component, or a weighted combination of CPI components. The RCS is the cornerstone of the methodology since its two dimensions allow the transformation of commodity prices into industry prices weighted by commodity sold.

The Monthly Retail Trade Survey (MRTS – survey no. 2406) produces data on retail trade sales in current dollars by type of store.  In order to bring consistency to the data, the published estimates from RCS by type of retail outlet are benchmarked at the micro data level to the MRTS results. However, there is one single exception. Department stores (NAICS 452110) differ between the two surveys because RCS includes concession sales while MRTS does not.

Deriving a commodity breakdown for most recent months

Volume estimates of retail sales are published about fifty days after the end of the reference period, but the RCS data that are essential to produce them is available quarterly within 90 days of the reference quarter.  Therefore, a projection method is used to derive a commodity breakdown of MRTS data for the most recent months.  For months when a RCS breakdown is not available,   shares from the most recent month of RCS data serve as a starting point.  The previous year’s difference in shares between the month being projected and the month being used is applied to the most recent month available2. The objective of this projection method is to obtain a more up-to-date weighting structure that takes into consideration the seasonality in the goods sold.  The calculated shares are applied to the current dollar value of sales by store type provided by the MRTS to derive current dollar value of sales by store type and commodity.

Deflation and Aggregation

Volume at constant prices

To calculate 2007 dollar volume data, the price indexes are adjusted in a way that the average index equals 100 for this reference year.  Current dollar sales by store type and commodity are then divided by their respective price indexes to derive constant price sales. Finally, the sales in volume at constant prices are summed over all commodities to derive volume of sales at constant prices by store type.  The volume of total sales at constant prices is the sum of the volumes of sales at constant prices by store type.

Volume in chained dollars

The total volume of sales in chained dollars corresponds to the geometric mean of two evaluations of the variations in volume between two consecutive months. The first evaluation is based on the aggregated price of the previous month and the other is based on the price of the current month. Chained dollar estimates for total retail sales are derived from constant dollar estimates of sales by store type using a Fisher index formula. Only the total volume of sales of the retail sector as a whole can be computed in chained dollars.

Implicit price indexes

Implicit price indexes are derived by dividing the current dollar sales by the volume in chained dollars or the volume in constant prices.  They can be thought of as the change in the average price of goods sold at retail stores.  They reflect both changes in prices and changes in the composition of goods and services sold.

Seasonal Adjustment

Current dollar sales and implicit price indexes by store type are both seasonally adjusted using the X-12-ARIMA method.  Seasonally adjusted volume sales by type of store are derived indirectly by dividing seasonally adjusted current dollar sales by their corresponding seasonally adjusted implicit price indexes by type of store.  Seasonally adjusted volumes of sales by type of store are then aggregated to derive seasonally adjusted volumes of total sales.

Notes

  1. HST stands for Harmonized Sales Tax; GST for Goods and Services Tax and; PST for Provincial Sales Tax.

  2. For example, when data are released for June 2012 the most recent RCS data available was for March of 2012 so the shares were computed as Shares June 2012 = Shares March 2012 + Shares June 2011 – Shares March 2011.

Data quality, concepts and methodology: Definitions

The definitions used for the production of statistical tables of Canadian vital statistics data are based on those recommended by the World Health OrganizationNote 1 and the United Nations.Note 2

Age of mother. Age the mother attained at her last birthday preceding delivery.

Birth. The complete expulsion or extraction from its mother of a product of conception, irrespective of the duration of the pregnancy. See also "Fetal death (stillbirth)" and "Live birth".

Birth and fertility rates

  1. Age-specific fertility rate (ASFR): The number of live births per 1,000 women in a specific age group. Five-year age groups were used in these tabulations (ranging from 15 to 19 to 45 to 49 years).
  2. Age-specific fertility rate, women 15 to 19 years: Live births to women under age 20 per 1,000 women aged 15 to 19.
  3. Crude birth rate: The number of live births per 1,000 population.
  4. Total fertility rate (TFR): An estimate of the average number of live births a woman can be expected to have in her lifetime, based on the age-specific fertility rates (ASFR) of a given year. The total fertility rate (TFR) = SUM of single year of age-specific fertility rate.

Birth weight. The first weight of the fetus or newborn obtainedimmediately after birth, expressed in grams.

  1. Extremely low birth weight: Birth weight under 1,000 grams.
  2. Very low birth weight: Birth weight under 1,500 grams.
  3. Low birth weight: Birth weight under 2,500 grams.
  4. Normal birth weight: Ranges from 2,500 to 4,499 grams.
  5. High birth weight: Birth weight of 4,500 or more grams.

Delivery. A delivery may consist of one or more live born or stillborn fetuses. The number of deliveries in a given period will be equal to or less than the number of births because multiple births (twins, triplets or higher-order births) are counted as single deliveries.

Fetal death (stillbirth). See Stillbirth definition.

Fetal death (stillbirth) rate. See Stillbirth rate definition.

Live birth. The complete expulsion or extraction from its mother of a product of conception, irrespective of the duration of the pregnancy, which, after such separation, breathes or shows any other evidence of life, such as beating of the heart, pulsation of the umbilical cord, or definite movement of voluntary muscles, whether or not the umbilical cord has been cut or the placenta is attached.

Marital status of mother. Refers to the legal conjugal status of the mother at the time of the delivery. Persons in common-law relationships are assigned to their legal marital status category. A single person is one who has never been married, or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. A separated person is legally married but is not living with his or her spouse because the couple no longer wants to live together. A divorced person is one who has obtained a legal divorce and has not remarried. A married person is one who is legally married and not separated. A person whose spouse has died and who has not remarried is widowed.

Mean age of mother. The mean (average) age of mother for Canada, a province or a territory is calculated by summing the mothers' ages at their last birthday preceding delivery, and then dividing the sum by the total number of live births in that jurisdiction. To estimate mid-year mean age, a statistic often used in analyses, add 0.5 to mean age.

Mean birth weight. The mean (average) birth weight for Canada, a province or a territory is calculated by summing the first weight of each live newborn (obtained immediately after birth), and then dividing the sum by the total number of live births in that jurisdiction.

Median birth weight. The median is the middle value in a set of ordered numbers (for example, newborns' birth weight ranked from lightest to heaviest). In the case of an even number of observations, the median is the average of the two middle values.

Multiple birth. A delivery that results in more than one birth, whether live born or stillborn. This includes the delivery of twins, triplets, quadruplets, quintuplets and more.

Parity of mother. The number of live births a woman has had to date (excludes fetal deaths or stillbirths). A woman with zero parity has had no live births; a woman of parity 1 has had one live birth, of parity 2, two live births, and so on. In the case of a first delivery resulting in live twins, the woman has a parity of 1 after the first twin is born and a parity of 2 after the second twin is born.

Population. Persons whose usual place of residence is somewhere in Canada, including Canadian government employees stationed abroad and their families, members of the Canadian Armed Forces stationed abroad and their families, crews of Canadian merchant vessels, and non-permanent residents of Canada.

Mid-year (July 1) population estimates are used to calculate the rates in vital statistics Tables.

Provinces and territories. Unless otherwise stated, the geographic distribution of births and fetal deaths (stillbirths) in the tables of this publication is based on the mother's usual place of residence.

Nunavut came into being officially as a Territory of Canada on April 1, 1999. The name Northwest Territories applies to a Territory with different geographic boundaries before and after April 1, 1999.

Stillbirth (fetal death). Death prior to the complete expulsion or extraction from its mother of a product of conception, irrespective of the duration of pregnancy; the death is indicated by the fact that after such separation the fetus does not breathe or show any other evidence of life, such as beating of the heart, pulsation of the umbilical cord, or definite movement of voluntary muscles. Only fetal deaths where the product of conception has a birth weight of 500 grams or more or the duration of pregnancy is 20 weeks or longer are registered in Canada.

In Quebec (as well as in Saskatchewan prior to 2001 and in New Brunswick prior to November 1996), only fetal deaths (stillbirths) weighing 500 or more grams must be reported, regardless of the gestation period.

Because of these differences in reporting requirements, fetal death (stillbirth) data are presented for two gestation periods: 20 or more weeks of gestation (including fetal deaths or stillbirths with unknown weeks of gestation), and 28 or more weeks of gestation (excluding unknown weeks of gestation).

Stillbirth (fetal death) rate. The number of fetal deaths (stillbirths) per 1,000 live births plus fetal deaths (stillbirths).

Type of birth. Type of birth refers to the plurality of a delivery, that is, whether the delivery results in the birth of one or more live born or stillborn infants.

Weeks of gestation. The interval, in completed weeks, between the first day of the mother's last menstrual period and the day of delivery (that is, the duration of pregnancy). It can also be any estimate of that interval, based on ultrasound, a physical examination or other method. Canadian birth registration documents do not specify how the gestational age was calculated. Pre-term refers to a period of gestation less than 37 completed weeks; term, 37 through 41 completed weeks; and post-term, 42 or more completed weeks.

Notes

1. World Health Organization (WHO). International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, Volumes 1 and 2 (ICD–10). Geneva, 1992.

2. United Nations. Principles and Recommendations for a Vital Statistics System. Statistical Papers, Series M, No. 19, Rev. 1. New York, 1974.

Monthly Wholesale Trade Survey

1. Objective, Uses and Users

1.1. Objectives

The Monthly Wholesale Trade Survey (MWTS) provides information on the performance of the wholesale trade sector and is an important indicator of the health of the Canadian economy. In addition, the business community uses the data to analyse market performance.

1.2. Use

The estimates provide a measure of the health and performance of the wholesale trade sector. Information collected is used to estimate level and monthly trend for wholesale sales and inventories. At the end of each year, the estimates provide a preliminary look at annual wholesale sales and performance.

1.3. Users

A variety of organizations, sector associations, and levels of government make use of the information. Wholesalers can use the survey results to compare their performance against similar types of businesses, as well as for marketing purposes. Wholesale associations are able to monitor industry performance and promote their wholesale industries. Investors can monitor industry growth, which can result in better access to investment capital by wholesalers. Governments are able to understand the role of wholesalers in the economy, which aid in the development of policies and tax incentives. As an important industry in the Canadian economy (5 to 6% of the Gross Domestic Product, depending on the year), governments are able to better determine the overall health of the economy through the use of the estimates in the calculation of the nation’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

2. Concepts, Variables and Classifications

2.1. Concepts

Wholesale trade is generally the intermediate step in the distribution of merchandise. The sector comprises establishments primarily engaged in the buying and selling of merchandise and providing logistics, marketing and support services.

Wholesalers are organized to sell merchandise in large quantities to retailers, business and institutional clients. However, some wholesalers, in particular those that supply non-consumer capital goods, sell merchandise in single units to final users.  The sector recognizes two main types of wholesalers: wholesale merchants and wholesale agents and brokers.

Wholesale merchants buy and sell merchandise on their own account, that is, they take title to the goods they sell. They generally operate from warehouse or office locations and they may ship from their own inventory or arrange for the shipment of goods directly from the supplier to the client. In addition to the sales of goods, they may provide, or arrange for the provision of, logistics, marketing and support services, such as packaging and labelling, inventory management, shipping, handling of warranty claims, in-store or co-op promotions, and product training. Dealers of machinery and equipment, such as dealers of farm machinery and heavy-duty trucks, also fall within this category. They are known by a variety of trade designation depending on their relationship with suppliers or customers, or the distribution method they employ.

Examples include wholesale merchant, wholesale distributor, drop shipper, rack-jobbers, import-export merchants, buying groups, dealer-owned cooperatives and banner wholesalers. For purposes of industrial classification, wholesale merchants are classified by industry according to the principal lines of commodities sold. A description of each industrial group included in the accompanying statistical data is shown in Appendix IV. As most businesses sell several kinds of commodities, the classification assigned to a business generally reflects either the individual commodity or the commodity group which is the primary source of the establishment’s receipts, or some mixture of commodities which characterizes the establishment’s business.

Wholesale Agents and Brokers buy and sell merchandise owned by others on a fee or commission basis. They do not take title to the goods they buy or sell, and they generally operate at or from an office location. Wholesale agents and brokers are known by a variety of trade designations including import-export agents, wholesale commission agents, wholesale brokers, and manufacturer’s representatives’ ad agents.

2.2. Variables

Sales are defined as the sales of all goods purchased for resale, net of returns and discounts. This includes parts used in generating repair and maintenance revenue, labour revenue from repair and maintenance, sales of goods manufactured as a secondary activity by the wholesaler, and revenue from rental and leasing of office space, other real estate, and goods and equipment.  As well, any commission revenue and fees earned from buying and selling merchandise on account of others by wholesale merchants is also included. Other operating revenue such as operating subsidies and grants, shipping, handling, and storing goods for others are excluded.

Inventories are defined as the book value, i.e., the value maintained in the accounting records, of all stock owned at month end and intended for resale. This includes stock in selling outlets, in warehouses, in transit, or on consignment to others. It also includes stock owned within and outside Canada. Inventories held on consignment from others (not owned), and store and office supplies and any other supplies not to be sold are excluded. Trading Location is the physical location(s) in which business activity is conducted in each province and territory, and for which sales are credited or recognized in the financial records of the company. For wholesalers, this would normally be a distribution centre.

Sales in volume: The value of wholesale trade is measured in two ways; including the effects of price change on sales and net of the effects of price change. The first measure is referred to as wholesale trade in current dollars and the latter as wholesale trade in volume. The method of calculating the current dollar estimate is to aggregate the weighted value of sales for all wholesale outlets. The method of calculating the volume estimate is to first adjust the sales values to a base year, using the price indexes, and then sum up the resulting values.

2.3. Classifications

The Monthly Wholesale Trade Survey is based on the definition of wholesale trade under the NAICS (North American Industrial Classification System). NAICS is the agreed upon common framework for the production of comparable statistics by the statistical agencies of Canada, Mexico and the United States. The agreement defines the boundaries of twenty sectors. NAICS is based on a production-oriented, or supply based conceptual framework in that establishments are groups into industries according to similarity in production processes used to produce goods and services.

Estimates appear for 24 industries based on the 2012 North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) industries. The 24 industries are further aggregated to 7 sub-sectors which correspond exactly to the 3-digit NAICS codes for wholesale trade industries, with the exception of the following: wholesale agents and brokers; and petroleum and oilseed and grain wholesaler-distributors.

Geographically, sales estimates are produced for Canada and each province and territory. Inventory estimates are produced only for Canada as a whole.

3. Coverage and Frames

Statistics Canada’s Business Register (BR) provides the frame for the Monthly Wholesale Trade Survey. The BR is a structured list of businesses engaged in the production of goods and services in Canada. It is a centrally maintained database containing detailed descriptions of most business entities operating within Canada. The BR includes all incorporated businesses, with or without employees. For unincorporated businesses, the BR includes all employer businesses and businesses with no employees with annualized sales that have a Goods and Services Tax (GST) account or annual revenue coming from individual income tax.

The businesses on the BR are represented by a hierarchical structure with four levels, with the statistical enterprise at the top, followed by the statistical company, the statistical establishment and the statistical location. An enterprise can be linked to one or more statistical companies, a statistical company can be linked to one or more statistical establishments, and a statistical establishment to one or more statistical locations.

The target population for the MWTS consists of all statistical establishments on the BR, excluding unincorporated businesses with no employees and with annual sales less than $30,000,.that are classified to the wholesale sector using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) (approximately 90,000 establishments). The NAICS code range for wholesale sector is 410000 to 419999. A statistical establishment is the production entity or the smallest grouping of production entities which: produces a homogeneous set of goods or services; does not cross provincial/territorial boundaries; and provides data on the value of output together with the cost of principal intermediate inputs used along with the cost and quantity of labour used to produce the output. The production entity is the physical unit where the business operations are carried out. It must have a civic address and dedicated labour.

The exclusions to the target population are ancillary establishments (producers of services in support of the activity of producing goods and services for the market of more than one establishment within the enterprise, and serves as a cost centre or a discretionary expense centre for which data on all its costs including labour and depreciation can be reported by the business), future establishments, establishments for which economic signals indicate a null or missing revenue, and establishments in the following non-covered NAICS:

  • 41112 (oilseed and grain)
  • 412 (petroleum products)
  • 419 (agents and brokers)

4. Sampling

The MWTS sample consists of 7,500 groups of establishments (clusters) classified to the Wholesale Trade sector selected from the Statistics Canada Business Register. A cluster of establishments is defined as all establishments belonging to a statistical enterprise that are in the same industrial group and geographical region. The MWTS uses a stratified design with simple random sample selection in each stratum. The stratification is done by industrial groups (mainly, but not only four digit level NAICS), and the geographical regions consisting of the provinces and territories. We further stratify the population by size. The size measure is created using a combination of independent survey data and three administrative variables: the annual profiled revenue, the GST sales expressed on an annual basis, and the declared tax revenue (T1 or T2).

The size strata consist of one take-all (census), at most two take-some (partially sampled) strata, and one take-none (non-sampled) stratum. Take-none strata serve to reduce respondent burden by excluding the smaller businesses from the surveyed population. These businesses should represent at most ten percent of total sales. Instead of sending questionnaires to these businesses, the estimates are produced through the use of administrative data.

The sample was allocated optimally in order to reach target coefficients of variation at the national, provincial/territorial, industrial, and industrial groups by province/territory levels. The sample was also inflated to compensate for dead, non-responding, and misclassified units.

MWTS is a repeated survey with maximization of monthly sample overlap. The sample is kept month after month, and every month new units are added (births) to the sample. MWTS births, i.e., new clusters of establishment(s), are identified every month via the BR’s latest universe. They are stratified according to the same criteria as the initial population. A sample of these births is selected according to the sampling fraction of the stratum to which they belong and is added to the monthly sample. Deaths also occur on a monthly basis. A death can be a cluster of establishment(s) that have ceased their activities (out-of-business) or whose major activities are no longer in wholesale trade (out-of-scope). The status of these businesses is updated on the BR using administrative sources and survey feedback, including feedback from the MWTS. Methods to treat dead units and misclassified units are part of the sample and population update procedures.

5. Questionnaire Design

The questionnaire collects monthly data on wholesale sales and the number of trading locations by province or territory and inventories of goods owned and intended for resale from a sample of wholesalers. For the 2004 redesign, most questionnaires were subject to cosmetic changes only, with the exception of the inclusion of Nunavut. The modifications were discussed with stakeholders and the respondents were given an opportunity to comment before the new questionnaire was finalized. If further changes are needed to any of the questionnaires, proposed changes would go through a review committee and a field test with respondents and data users to ensure its relevancy.

6. Response and Non-response

6.1. Response and Non-response

Despite the best efforts of survey managers and operations staff to maximize response in the MWTS, some non-response will occur.

For statistical establishments to be classified as responding, the degree of partial response (where an accurate response is obtained for only some of the questions asked a respondent) must meet a minimum threshold level below which the response would be rejected and considered a unit non-response. In such an instance, the business is classified as not having responded at all.

Non-response has two effects on data: first it introduces bias in estimates when non-respondents differ from respondents in the characteristics measured; and second, it contributes to an increase in the sampling variance of estimates because the effective sample size is reduced from that originally sought.

The degree to which efforts are made to get a response from a non-respondent is based on budget and time constraints, its impact on the overall quality and the risk of non-response bias.

The main method to reduce the impact of non-response at sampling is to inflate the sample size through the use of over-sampling rates that have been determined from similar surveys.

Besides the methods to reduce the impact of non-response at sampling and collection, the non-responses to the survey that do occur are treated through imputation.

In order to measure the amount of non-response that occurs each month various response rates are calculated. For a given reference month, the estimation process is run at least twice (a preliminary and a revised run). Between each run, respondent data can be identified as unusable and imputed values can be corrected through respondent data. As a consequence, response rates are computed following each run of the estimation process.

For the MWTS, two types of rates are calculated (unweighted and weighted). In order to assess the efficiency of the collection process, unweighted response rates are calculated. Weighted rates, using the estimation weight and the value for the variable of interest, assess the quality of estimation. Within each of these types of rates, there are distinct rates for units that are surveyed and for units that are only modeled from administrative data that has been extracted from GST files.

To get a better picture of the success of the collection process, two unweighted rates called the ‘collection results rate’ and the ‘extraction results rate’ are computed. They are computed by dividing the number of respondents by the number of units that we tried to contact or tried to receive extracted data for them. Non-monthly reporters (respondents with special reporting arrangements where they do not report every month but for whom actual data is available in subsequent revisions) are excluded from both the numerator and denominator for the months where no contact is performed.

In summary, the various response rates are calculated as follows:

Weighted rates:

- Survey Response rate (estimation) = Sum of weighted sales of units with response status i / Sum of survey weighted sales

where i = units that have either reported data that will be used in estimation or are converted
refusals, or have reported data that has not yet been resolved for estimation.

- Admin Response rate (estimation) = Sum of weighted sales of units with response status ii / Sum of administrative weighted sales

where ii = units that have data that was extracted from administrative files and are usable for estimation.

- Total Response rate (estimation) = Sum of weighted sales of units with response status i or response status ii / Sum of all weighted sales

Unweighted rates:

- Survey Response rate (collection) = Number of questionnaires with response status iii / Number of questionnaires with response status iv

where iii = units that have either reported data (unresolved, used or not used for estimation) or are converted refusals.

where iv = all of the above plus units that have refused to respond, units that were not contacted and other types of non-respondent units.

- Admin Response rate (extraction) = Number of questionnaires with response status vi / Number of questionnaires with response status vii

where vi = in-scope units that have data (either usable or non-usable) that was extracted from administrative files

where vii = all of the above plus units that have refused to report to the administrative data source, units that were not contacted and other types of non-respondent units.
(% of questionnaire collected over all in-scope questionnaires)

- Collection Results Rate = Number of questionnaires with response status iii / Number of questionnaires with response status viii

where iii = same as iii defined above

where viii = same as iv except for excluded units that were contacted because their response is unavailable for a particular month since they are non-monthly reporters.

- Extraction Results Rate = Number of questionnaires with response status ix / Number of questionnaires with response status vii

where ix = same as vi with the addition of extracted units that have been imputed or were out of scope

where vii = same as vii defined above
(% of questionnaires collected over all questionnaire in-scope we tried to collect)

All the above weighted and unweighted rates are provided at the industrial group, geography and size group level or for any combination of these levels.

Use of Administrative Data:

Managing response burden is an ongoing challenge for Statistics Canada. In an attempt to alleviate response burden and survey costs, especially for smaller businesses, the MWTS has reduced the number of simple establishments in the sample that are surveyed directly and instead derives sales data for these establishments from Goods and Service Tax (GST) files using a statistical model. The model accounts for differences between sales and revenue (reported for GST purposes) as well as for the time lag between the survey reference period and the reference period of the GST file.

Inventories for establishments where sales are GST-based are derived using the MWTS imputation system. The imputation system uses the previous month’s values, the month-to-month and year-to-year changes in similar size establishments which are surveyed.

For more information on the methodology used for modeling sales from administrative data sources, refer to ‘Monthly Wholesale Trade Survey: Use of Administrative Data’ under ‘Documentation’ of the IMDB.

6.2. Methods used to reduce non-response at collection

Significant effort is spent trying to minimize non-response during collection. Methods used, among others, are interviewer techniques such as probing and persuasion, repeated re-scheduling and call-backs to obtain the information, and procedures dealing with how to handle non-compliant (refusal) respondents.

If data are unavailable at the time of collection, a respondent's best estimates are also accepted, and are subsequently revised once the actual data become available. To minimize total non-response for all variables, partial responses are accepted. In addition, questionnaires are customized for the collection of certain variables, such as inventory, so that collection is timed for those months when the data are available.

Finally, to build trust and rapport between the interviewers and respondents, cases are generally assigned to the same interviewer each month. This action establishes a personal relationship between interviewer and respondent, and builds respondent trust.

7. Data Collection and Capture Operations

Collection of the data is performed by Statistics Canada’s Regional Offices. Respondents are sent a questionnaire or are contacted by telephone to obtain their sales and inventory values, as well as to confirm the opening or closing of business trading locations. There is also follow-up of non-response. Collection of the data begins approximately 7 working days after the end of the reference month and continues for the duration of that month.

New entrants to the survey are introduced to the survey via an introductory letter that informs the respondent that a representative of Statistics Canada will be calling. This call is to introduce the respondent to the survey, confirm the respondent's business activity, establish and begin data collection, as well as to answer any questions that the respondent may have.

8. Editing

Data editing is the application of checks to detect missing, invalid or inconsistent entries or to point to data records that are potentially in error. In the survey process for the MWTS, data editing is done at two different time periods.

First of all, editing is done during data collection. Once data are collected via the telephone, or via the receipt of completed mail-in questionnaires, the data are captured using customized data capture applications. All data are subjected to data editing. Edits during data collection are referred to as field edits and generally consist of validity and some simple consistency edits. They are also used to detect mistakes made during the interview by the respondent or the Interviewer and to identify missing information during collection in order to reduce the need for follow-up later on. Another purpose of the field edits is to clean up responses. In the MWTS, the current month’s responses are edited against the respondent’s previous month’s responses and/or the previous year’s responses for the current month.. Field edits are used to identify problems with data collection procedures and the design of the questionnaire, as well as the need for more interviewer training.

Follow-up with respondents occurs to validate potential erroneous data following any failed preliminary edit check of the data. Once validated, the collected data is regularly transmitted to the head office in Ottawa.

Secondly, editing known as statistical editing is also done after data collection and this is more empirical in nature. Statistical editing is run prior to imputation in order to identify the data that will be used as a basis to impute non-respondents. Large outliers that could disrupt a monthly trend are excluded from trend calculations by the statistical edits. It should be noted that adjustments are not made at this stage to correct the reported outliers.

The first step in the statistical editing is to identify which responses will be subjected to the statistical edit rules. Reported data for the current reference month will go through various edit checks.

The first set of edit checks is based on the Hidiroglou-Berthelot method whereby a ratio of the respondent’s current month data over historical (i.e. last month, or same month last year) or administrative data is analyzed. When the respondent’s ratio differs significantly from ratios of respondents who are similar in terms of industrial group and/or geography group, the response is deemed an outlier.

The second set of edits consists of an edit known as the share of market edit. With this method, one is able to edit all respondents even those where historical and auxiliary data is unavailable. The method relies on current month data only. Therefore, within a group of respondents that are similar in terms of industrial group and/or geography, if the weighted contribution of a respondent to the group’s total is too large, it will be flagged as an outlier.

For edit checks based on the Hidiroglou-Berthelot method, data that are flagged as an outlier will not be included in the imputation models (those based on ratios). Also, data that are flagged as outliers in the share of market edit will not be included in the imputation models where means and medians are calculated to impute for responses that have no historical responses.

In conjunction with the statistical editing after data collection of reported data, there is also error detection done on the extracted GST data. Modeled data based on the GST are also subject to an extensive series of processing steps which thoroughly verify each record that is the basis for the model as well as the record being modeled. Edits are performed at a more aggregate level (industry by geography level) to detect records which deviate from the expected range, either by exhibiting large month-to-month change, or differing significantly from the remaining units. All data which fail these edits are subject to manual inspection and possible corrective action.

9. Imputation

Imputation in the MWTS is the process used to assign replacement values for missing data. This is done by assigning values when they are missing on the record being edited to ensure that estimates are of high quality and that a plausible, internal consistency is created. Due to concerns of response burden, cost and timeliness, it is generally impossible to do all follow-ups with the respondents in order to resolve missing responses. Since it is desirable to produce a complete and consistent micro data file, imputation is used to handle the remaining missing cases.

In the MWTS, imputation for missing values can be based on either historical or administrative data. The appropriate method is selected according to a strategy that is based on whether historical data is available, administrative data is available and/or which reference month is being processed.

There are three types of historical imputation methods. The first type is a general trend that uses one historical data source (previous month, data from next month or data from same month previous year). The second type is a regression model where data from previous month and same month previous year are used simultaneously. The third type uses the historical data as a direct replacement value for a non-respondent.

Depending upon the particular reference month, there is an order of preference that exists so that a top quality imputation can result. The historical imputation method that was labelled as the third type above is always the last option in the order for each reference month.

The imputation methods using administrative data are automatically selected when historical information is unavailable for a non-respondent. The administrative data source (annual GST sales) is the basis of these methods. The annual GST sales are used for two types of methods. One is a general trend that will be used for simple structure, e.g. enterprises with only one establishment, and a second type is called median-average that is used for units with a more complex structure.

Finally, it should be noted that inventories in the MWTS where sales are derived from monthly GST data are also imputed by the MWTS imputation systems. The imputed values are calculated using the same imputation methods that are in place for missing data from non-respondents.

10. Estimation

Estimation is a process that approximates unknown population parameters using only the part of the population that is included in a sample. Inferences about these unknown parameters are then made, using the sample data and associated survey design.  This stage uses Statistics Canada's Generalized Estimation System (GES.)

For wholesale sales, the population is divided into a survey portion (take-all and take-some strata) and a non-survey portion (take-none stratum). From the sample that is drawn from the survey portion, an estimate for the population is determined through the use of a Horvitz-Thompson estimator where responses for sales are weighted by using the inverses of the inclusion probabilities of the sampled units. Such weights (called sampling weights) can be interpreted as the number of times that each sampled unit should be replicated to represent the entire population. The calculated weighted sales values are summed by domain, to produce the total sales estimates by each industrial group / geographic area combination. A domain is defined as the most recent classification values available from the BR for the unit and the survey reference period. These domains may differ from the original sampling strata because units may have changed size, industrial group or location. Changes in classification are reflected immediately in the estimates and do not accumulate over time. For the non-survey portion, the sales are estimated with statistical models using monthly GST sales.

For wholesale inventories, the sample selected for estimating sales is used to derive an estimate through the use of a Horvitz-Thompson estimator for the survey portion. A sample-based ratio is then used to produce the estimate for the non-survey portion, and the estimate of the total is derived as the sum of the survey and non-survey portion estimates.

For more information on the methodology for modeling sales from administrative data sources (i.e. GST data) which also contributes to the estimates of the survey portion, refer to ‘Monthly Wholesale Trade Survey: Use of Administrative Data’ under ‘Documentation’ of the IMDB.

The measure of precision used for the MWTS to evaluate the quality of a population parameter estimate and to obtain valid inferences is the variance. The variance from the survey portion is derived directly from a stratified simple random sample without replacement.

Sample estimates may differ from the expected value of the estimates. However, since the estimate is based on a probability sample, the variability of the sample estimate with respect to its expected value can be measured. The variance of an estimate is a measure of the precision of the sample estimate and is defined as the average, over all possible samples, of the squared difference of the estimate from its expected value.

11. Revisions and seasonal adjustment

Revisions in the raw data are required to correct known non-sampling errors. These normally include replacing imputed data with reported data, corrections to previously reported data, and estimates for new births that were not known at the time of the original estimates.

Raw data are revised, on a monthly basis, for the month immediately prior to the current reference month being published. That is, when data for December are being published for the first time, there will also be revisions, if necessary, to the raw data for November. In addition, revisions are made once a year, with the initial release of the February data, for all months in the previous year. The purpose is to correct any significant problems that have been found that apply for an extended period. The actual period of revision depends on the nature of the problem identified, but rarely exceeds three years.

Time series contain the elements essential to the description, explanation and forecasting of the behaviour of an economic phenomenon: "They are statistical records of the evolution of economic processes through time.1 "  Economic time series such as the Monthly Wholesale Trade Survey can be broken down into five main components: the trend-cycle, seasonality, the trading-day effect, the Easter holiday effect and the irregular component.

The trend represents the long-term change in the series, whereas the cycle represents a smooth, quasi-periodical movement about the trend, showing a succession of growth and decline phases (e.g., the business cycle). These two components—the trend and the cycle—are estimated together, and the trend-cycle reflects the fundamental evolution of the series. The other components reflect short-term transient movements.

The seasonal component represents sub-annual, monthly or quarterly fluctuations that recur more or less regularly from one year to the next. Seasonal variations are caused by the direct and indirect effects of the climatic seasons and institutional factors (attributable to social conventions or administrative rules; e.g., Christmas).

The trading-day component originates from the fact that the relative importance of the days varies systematically within the week and that the number of each day of the week in a given month varies from year to year. This effect is present when activity varies with the day of the week. For instance, Sunday is typically less active than the other days, and the number of Sundays, Mondays, etc., in a given month changes from year to year.

The Easter holiday effect is the variation due to the shift of part of April’s activity to March when Easter falls in March rather than April.

Lastly, the irregular component includes all other more or less erratic fluctuations not taken into account in the preceding components. It is a residual that includes errors of measurement on the variable itself as well as unusual events (e.g., strikes, drought, floods, major power blackout or other unexpected events causing variations in respondents’ activities).

Thus, the latter four components—seasonal, irregular, trading-day and Easter holiday effect—all conceal the fundamental trend-cycle component of the series. Seasonal adjustment (correction of seasonal variation) consists in removing the seasonal, trading-day and Easter holiday effect components from the series, and it thus helps reveal the trend-cycle. While seasonal adjustment permits a better understanding of the underlying trend-cycle of a series, the seasonally adjusted series still contains an irregular component. Slight month-to-month variations in the seasonally adjusted series may be simple irregular movements. To get a better idea of the underlying trend, users should examine several months of the seasonally adjusted series.

Since April 2008, Monthly Wholesale Trade Survey data are seasonally adjusted using the X-12-ARIMA2 software. The technique that is used essentially consists of first correcting the initial series for all sorts of undesirable effects, such as the trading-day and the Easter holiday effects, by a module called regARIMA. These effects are estimated using regression models with ARIMA errors (auto-regressive integrated moving average models). The series can also be extrapolated for at least one year by using the model. Subsequently, the raw series—pre-adjusted and extrapolated if applicable— is seasonally adjusted by the X-11 method.

The X-11 method is used for analysing monthly and quarterly series. It is based on an iterative principle applied in estimating the different components, with estimation being done at each stage using adequate moving averages3. The moving averages used to estimate the main components—the trend and seasonality—are primarily smoothing tools designed to eliminate an undesirable component from the series. Since moving averages react poorly to the presence of atypical values, the X-11 method includes a tool for detecting and correcting atypical points. This tool is used to clean up the series during the seasonal adjustment. Outlying data points can also be detected and corrected in advance, within the regARIMA module.

Lastly, the annual totals of the seasonally adjusted series are forced to the annual totals of the original series. Unfortunately, seasonal adjustment removes the sub-annual additivity of a system of series; small discrepancies can be observed between the sum of seasonally adjusted series and the direct seasonal adjustment of their total. To insure or restore additivity in a system of series, a reconciliation process is applied or indirect seasonal adjustment is used, i.e. the seasonal adjustment of a total is derived by the summation of the individually seasonally adjusted series.

12. Data Quality Evaluation

The methodology of this survey has been designed to control errors and to reduce their potential effects on estimates. However, the survey results remain subject to errors, of which sampling error is only one component of the total survey error.

Sampling error results when observations are made only on a sample and not on the entire population. All other errors arising from the various phases of a survey are referred to as non-sampling errors. For example, these types of errors can occur when a respondent provides incorrect information or does not answer certain questions; when a unit in the target population is omitted or covered more than once; when GST data for records being modeled for a particular month are not representative of the actual record for various reasons; when a unit that is out of scope for the survey is included by mistake or when errors occur in data processing, such as coding or capture errors.

Prior to publication, combined survey results are analyzed for comparability; in general, this includes a detailed review of individual responses (especially for large businesses), general economic conditions and historical trends.

A common measure of data quality for surveys is the coefficient of variation (CV). The coefficient of variation, defined as the standard error divided by the sample estimate, is a measure of precision in relative terms. Since the coefficient of variation is calculated from responses of individual units, it also measures some non-sampling errors.

The formula used to calculate coefficients of variation (CV) as percentages is:

CV(X) = (S(X) / X) x 100%

where X denotes the estimate and S(X) denotes the standard error of X.

Confidence intervals can be constructed around the estimates using the estimate and the CV. Thus, for our sample, it is possible to state with a given level of confidence that the expected value will fall within the confidence interval constructed around the estimate. For example, if an estimate of $12,000,000 has a CV of 2%, the standard error will be $240,000 (the estimate multiplied by the CV). It can be stated with 68% confidence that the expected values will fall within the interval whose length equals the standard deviation about the estimate, i.e. between $11,760,000 and $12,240,000. Alternatively, it can be stated with 95% confidence that the expected value will fall within the interval whose length equals two standard deviations about the estimate, i.e. between $11,520,000 and $12,480,000.

Finally, due to the small contribution of the non-survey portion to the total estimates, bias in the non-survey portion has a negligible impact on the CVs. Therefore, the CV from the survey portion is used for the total estimate that is the summation of estimates from the surveyed and non-surveyed portions.

13. Disclosure Control

Statistics Canada is prohibited by law from releasing any data which would divulge information obtained under the Statistics Act that relates to any identifiable person, business or organization without the prior knowledge or the consent in writing of that person, business or organization. Various confidentially rules are applied to all data that are released or published to prevent the publication or disclosure of any information deemed confidential. If necessary, data are suppressed to prevent direct or residual disclosure or identifiable data.

Confidentiality analysis includes the detection of possible “direct disclosure”, which occurs when the value in a tabulation cell is composed of a few respondents or when the cell is dominated by a few companies.

Notes

  1. A Note on the Seasonal adjustment of Economic Time Series», Canadian Statistical Review, August 1974.

  2. For more information, see X-12-ARIMA Reference Manual Version 0.3 (2007), U.S. Census Bureau.

  3. Ladiray, D. and Quenneville, B. (2001). Seasonal Adjustment with the X-11 Method. New York: Springer-Verlag, Lecture Notes in Statistics no. 158.

Sales in volume for Wholesale Trade

Introduction

With the September 2012 release of the Monthly Wholesale Trade Survey (MWTS) results (reference month July 2012), a new deflation methodology for wholesale sales has been implemented.

This new methodology improves on the previous one, and consequently its results are not strictly comparable to those already published, although the overall trends are similar. The CANSIM table 081-0013 containing the previous estimates has been terminated and the improved results can be found in CANSIM table 081-0015.

The purpose of this document is to present the improved methodology for producing the volume measures of sales from the MWTS, as well as highlight the differences from the previous approach.

Purpose of Deflation

Changes in the value of sales collected at current prices (i.e. at the time the sales took place) by the MWTS may be attributable to changes in prices or to changes in quantities sold, or both. To study the activity of the wholesale sector, it is often desirable to remove the variations due to price changes from the values at current prices in order to obtain an indicator of the changes in the quantities sold, i.e. an indicator of the volume of sales. This process is known as deflation.

Derivation of Wholesale Sales Price Indexes

To deflate wholesale sales, suitable price indexes must be used. In the new deflation methodology for wholesale sales, the main price indexes used are the selling price indexes obtained from the Wholesale Services Price Index (WSPI) program. This program produces monthly data that are released on a quarterly basis with about a four month lag. Hence, they are not available in time to deflate the most recent observations of wholesale sales.

It was thus necessary to construct price indexes to extend the WSPI-based ones for the most current months. The growth rates of these derived price indexes are used until they are replaced by the WSPI-based ones once they become available.

In what follows, we describe how price indexes, with base year 2007, are computed for the deflation of wholesale sales. We first describe how the WSPI data are used and then how the derived price indexes are constructed.

Price indexes based on the WSPI

From the WSPI program, monthly selling price indexes are available at the 5-digit North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) industry level. These selling price indexes are weighted together to obtain a sales price index for each of the wholesale trade industries covered by the MWTS. Those industries are called trade groups.

The weights used to combine the selling price indexes into a trade group price index are the proportions of the sales of the 5-digit NAICS industries within each trade group. These weights are obtained from the Annual Wholesale Trade Survey (AWTS). They vary from year to year; i.e. the 2007 proportions of sales are used in 2007, those of 2008 in 2008, and so on. For the two most recent years, the last available annual data from the AWTS are used.

Derived price indexes

To extend the WSPI-based price indexes, derived price indexes for each trade group had to be constructed based on assumptions that capture the main elements thought to affect wholesalers’ selling prices. These derived price indexes are based on the prices of the commodities traded and on the proportion of the fluctuations in the exchange rate of the dollar that is immediately passed on to the trade group’s customers.

a) Main assumptions

Wholesalers trade a portion of the total supply in Canada of a commodity. The total supply is the sum of domestic production and imports. A wholesale price index for each commodity traded is obtained by combining a domestic production price index with an import price index.

Wholesalers sell domestically and on export markets with perhaps differentiated prices. It is assumed however that they set their prices according to the changes in the prices of the commodities that they trade, whether the commodities are exported or not.

It is also assumed that the variations in the price of a commodity are the same across wholesale trade groups. This means that a commodity sold by various trade groups has a unique price index, but the weight of that commodity varies across trade groups.

b) Wholesale commodity prices

A wholesale price index with base year 2007 for each commodity would be obtained by combining a domestic production price index with an import price index using a 2007 import weight. But since there was no wholesale commodity survey in 2007, the commodity imports’ shares were obtained instead from the 2008 Wholesale Origin and Destination of Goods (WODG) data collected on the AWTS.

Most of the domestic production prices are taken from the Industrial Product Price Index program. For some farm products, data from the Farm Product Price Index program are used. The Commercial Software Price Index as well as the Consumer Price Index for Digital Computing Equipment and Devices, adjusted for major sales tax changes, are also used.

For the import components, the fixed weighted (Laspeyres) import price indexes on a customs basis from the International Trade Price Indexes program are used.

c) Trade group prices

The commodities sold by each trade group, as well as their proportions in the group’s total sales, are known from the 2008 WODG results. These proportions are used to combine the wholesale commodity prices into a price index for the trade group’s sales. The trade group price indexes are weighted harmonic means of the commodity price indexes.

For a few trade groups selling a wide variety of commodities, we included only those commodities accounting for at least 95% of the group’s sales, as the exclusion of the other ones with little weight has essentially no effect on the trade group’s price index.

d) Adjustment for the exchange rate of the dollar

Many of the import prices used in the derivation of the wholesale commodity price indexes fully and immediately reflect the exchange rate fluctuations of the dollar. However, wholesalers do not necessarily adjust their prices immediately to compensate for those fluctuations; generally, they will change their prices to reflect only a proportion of them and maybe with a lag.

A comparison of the trade group price indexes with the selling price indexes from the WSPI program showed that the price indexes for many trade groups required an adjustment to remove a bias caused by the incomplete pass-through of the fluctuations in the exchange rate of the dollar.

These pass-through adjustments were evaluated by a linear regression of the ratio of the trade group price index to the WSPI-based price index on the exchange rate of the dollar vis-à-vis the U.S. currency. The adjusted trade group price indexes are the derived price indexes.

e) An exception

For one trade group, NAICS 4142 - Home Entertainment Equipment and Household Appliance Wholesaler-Distributors, it was found that even the adjusted price index was not appropriately tracking the selling price index from the WSPI program.

Hence, for this particular trade group the derived price index is formed instead from a combination of two CPI components, adjusted for major sales tax changes. The two CPI components are those for Audio Equipment and Video Equipment, which are combined using their weights in the CPI.

Derivation of the Volume of Wholesale Sales

As indicated previously, changes in the value of wholesale sales may be attributable to changes in the prices of the commodities sold, or to the quantities sold, or to both. With deflation, a measure of the volume of sales can be obtained for the analysis of the changes in the quantities sold, removing the effect of price changes.

Two measures of the total volume of wholesale sales are computed. One is the volume of sales at constant prices (with and without seasonal adjustment); the other is the volume of sales in chained dollars (only available seasonally adjusted).

Volume at constant prices (Laspeyres formula)

The volume of sales at constant prices uses the relative importance of the products’ prices in a previous period, currently the year 2007, to evaluate the change in the quantities sold. This year is called the base year. The resulting deflated values are said to be “at 2007 prices.” Using the prices of a previous period to measure current activity provides a representative measurement of the current volume of activity with respect to that period.

The price indexes used to obtain the volume of sales at constant prices are the extended price indexes, i.e. the WSPI-based price indexes extended with the derived price indexes described earlier.

The nominal (current dollars) sales of each trade group are divided by their respective extended price index, and then the total volume of sales at constant prices is obtained by adding the volume of sales across the 25 trade groups covered by the MWTS.

The unadjusted and seasonally adjusted volumes at constant prices are computed similarly. In the computation of the seasonally adjusted volume of sales, however, the price indexes are seasonally adjusted directly using the X-12-ARIMA program if appropriate.

Volume in chained dollars (Fisher formula)

The total volume of sales in chained dollars is the geometric mean of two evaluations of the change in the quantities sold between two consecutive months. One evaluation uses the prices of the previous month to evaluate the change; the other uses the prices of the current month.

Since the general tendency for commodity prices is to increase, the evaluation based on the prices of the previous month tends to overstate the change in quantities; i.e. as price increases, buyers tend to buy more of a cheaper commodity. Therefore, using the prices of a previous period to value the quantities bought currently may lead to an overstatement of the change in quantities.

Similarly, the evaluation of the change in the quantities sold using the prices of the current month will tend to understate the change in quantities as this approach gives more weight to the lower priced commodities than to the higher priced ones.

Hence, the geometric average of the two evaluations of the monthly change in quantities (with the previous and current monthly prices) mitigates these under- and over-statements. The volume of sales in chained dollars thus captures the effect of the most recent price changes in the change in volume, as it combines the changes in volume measured with respect to both the current and previous month’s prices.

The total volume of sales in chained dollars is computed monthly, and then the monthly variations are chained (compounded) to provide a time series of the changes in volumes. The time series is then scaled to be equal to the total value of wholesale sales in current dollars for the year 2007.

As the only monthly price and quantity information available are the price and volume data for the 25 trade groups covered by the MWTS, the volume of sales in chained dollars is only computed for the Wholesale Trade sector as a whole.

As well, it is only produced in seasonally adjusted form, since chaining monthly raw volume variations may result in hard-to-interpret monthly fluctuations.

Improvements over the Previous Methodology

The new methodology for the deflation of wholesale sales brings various improvements to the previous one. These improvements include:

  • The use of observed wholesale selling price indexes (when available) instead of derived trade group price indexes.
  • When the WSPI data are not available, a pass-through adjustment is applied if necessary to the derived trade group price indexes. There were no such adjustments previously.
  • An improved derived price index for the trade group NAICS 4142 - Home Entertainment Equipment and Household Appliance Wholesaler-Distributors.
  • Where appropriate, seasonal adjustment is performed directly on the trade group price index. Previously, it was the deflated sales of each trade group that were seasonally adjusted directly.
  • The base year/reference year has been updated from 2002 to 2007.

Volume of Wholesale Sales for 2004-2006

Above, we described how the volume of wholesale sales at 2007 prices was obtained for the period starting in January 2007. But the MWTS data based on NAICS begin in January 2004. In order to provide an as long as possible time series of the volume of wholesale sales, we also deflated the period 2004-2006.

For the year 2006, we used the selling price indexes from the WSPI program as described above. The WSPI-based price indexes were extended in the past, for the period 2004-2005, using the derived trade group price indexes described earlier, with a base year of 2002. That is, the shares of imports in the wholesale commodity prices was assumed to be equal to that in the total Canadian supply of that commodity in 2002 according to the Input-Output Tables. As well, the proportions of each commodity in the sales of each trade group were obtained from the 2001 Wholesale Trade Commodity Survey by Origin and Destination, as there was no wholesale trade commodity survey in 2002.

The segment at 2002 prices for the years 2004-2006 was then linked to the level of the segment at 2007 prices, by preserving its monthly growth rates.

Downloading MARC Records

Download MARC (Machine-Readable Cataloging) records from the Statistics Canada Library.

Z39.50 protocol enables you to search and retrieve MARC records from the Statistics Canada Library database using software connected to the Internet. This service does not require registration, simply configure your ILS Z39.50 server with the following parameters:

Database: Enterprise
Host Name: sttc.sirsidynix.net
Port number: 7619

Once you have configured your ILS Z39.50 server, consult your ILS documentation for how to proceed with downloading Library catalogue MARC records.

Monthly Retail Trade Survey (MRTS) Data Quality Statement

Objectives, uses and users
Concepts, variables and classifications
Coverage and frames
Sampling
Questionnaire design
Response and nonresponse
Data collection and capture operations
Editing
Imputation
Estimation
Revisions and seasonal adjustment
Data quality evaluation
Disclosure control

1. Objectives, uses and users

1.1. Objective

The Monthly Retail Trade Survey (MRTS) provides information on the performance of the retail trade sector on a monthly basis, and when combined with other statistics, represents an important indicator of the state of the Canadian economy.

1.2. Uses

The estimates provide a measure of the health and performance of the retail trade sector. Information collected is used to estimate level and monthly trend for retail sales. At the end of each year, the estimates provide a preliminary look at annual retail sales and performance.

1.3. Users

A variety of organizations, sector associations, and levels of government make use of the information. Retailers rely on the survey results to compare their performance against similar types of businesses, as well as for marketing purposes. Retail associations are able to monitor industry performance and promote their retail industries. Investors can monitor industry growth, which can result in better access to investment capital by retailers. Governments are able to understand the role of retailers in the economy, which aids in the development of policies and tax incentives. As an important industry in the Canadian economy, governments are able to better determine the overall health of the economy through the use of the estimates in the calculation of the nation’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

2. Concepts, variables and classifications

2.1. Concepts

The retail trade sector comprises establishments primarily engaged in retailing merchandise, generally without transformation, and rendering services incidental to the sale of merchandise.

The retailing process is the final step in the distribution of merchandise; retailers are therefore organized to sell merchandise in small quantities to the general public. This sector comprises two main types of retailers, that is, store and non-store retailers. The MRTS covers only store retailers. Their main characteristics are described below. Store retailers operate fixed point-of-sale locations, located and designed to attract a high volume of walk-in customers. In general, retail stores have extensive displays of merchandise and use mass-media advertising to attract customers. They typically sell merchandise to the general public for personal or household consumption, but some also serve business and institutional clients. These include establishments such as office supplies stores, computer and software stores, gasoline stations, building material dealers, plumbing supplies stores and electrical supplies stores.

In addition to selling merchandise, some types of store retailers are also engaged in the provision of after-sales services, such as repair and installation. For example, new automobile dealers, electronic and appliance stores and musical instrument and supplies stores often provide repair services, while floor covering stores and window treatment stores often provide installation services. As a general rule, establishments engaged in retailing merchandise and providing after sales services are classified in this sector. Catalogue sales showrooms, gasoline service stations, and mobile home dealers are treated as store retailers.

2.2. Variables

Sales are defined as the sales of all goods purchased for resale, net of returns and discounts. This includes commission revenue and fees earned from selling goods and services on account of others, such as selling lottery tickets, bus tickets, and phone cards. It also includes parts and labour revenue from repair and maintenance; revenue from rental and leasing of goods and equipment; revenues from services, including food services; sales of goods manufactured as a secondary activity; and the proprietor’s withdrawals, at retail, of goods for personal use. Other revenue from rental of real estate, placement fees, operating subsidies, grants, royalties and franchise fees are excluded.

Trading Location is the physical location(s) in which business activity is conducted in each province and territory, and for which sales are credited or recognized in the financial records of the company. For retailers, this would normally be a store.

Sales in volume: The value of retail trade is measured in two ways; including the effects of price change on sales and net of the effects of price change. The first measure is referred to as retail trade in current dollars and the latter as retail trade in constant dollars. The method of calculating the current dollar estimate is to aggregate the weighted value of sales for all retail outlets. The method of calculating the constant dollar estimate is to first adjust the sales values to a base year, using the Consumer Price Index, and then sum up the resulting values.

2.3. Classification

The Monthly Retail Trade Survey is based on the definition of retail trade under the NAICS (North American Industry Classification System). NAICS is the agreed upon common framework for the production of comparable statistics by the statistical agencies of Canada, Mexico and the United States. The agreement defines the boundaries of twenty sectors. NAICS is based on a production-oriented, or supply based conceptual framework in that establishments are groups into industries according to similarity in production processes used to produce goods and services.

Estimates appear for 21 industries based on special aggregations of the 2007 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) industries. The 21 industries are further aggregated to 11 sub-sectors.

Geographically, sales estimates are produced for Canada and each province and territory.

3. Coverage and frames

Statistics Canada’s Business Register ( BR) provides the frame for the Monthly Retail Trade Survey. The BR is a structured list of businesses engaged in the production of goods and services in Canada. It is a centrally maintained database containing detailed descriptions of most business entities operating within Canada. The BR includes all incorporated businesses, with or without employees. For unincorporated businesses, the BR includes all employers with businesses, and businesses with no employees with annual sales that have a Goods and Services Tax (GST) or annual revenue that declares individual taxes.  annual sales greater than $30,000 that have a Goods and Services Tax (GST) account (the BR does not include unincorporated businesses with no employees and with annual sales less than $30,000).

The businesses on the BR are represented by a hierarchical structure with four levels, with the statistical enterprise at the top, followed by the statistical company, the statistical establishment and the statistical location. An enterprise can be linked to one or more statistical companies, a statistical company can be linked to one or more statistical establishments, and a statistical establishment to one or more statistical locations.

The target population for the MRTS consists of all statistical establishments on the BR that are classified to the retail sector using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) (approximately 200,000 establishments). The NAICS code range for the retail sector is 441100 to 453999. A statistical establishment is the production entity or the smallest grouping of production entities which: produces a homogeneous set of goods or services; does not cross provincial boundaries; and provides data on the value of output, together with the cost of principal intermediate inputs used, along with the cost and quantity of labour used to produce the output. The production entity is the physical unit where the business operations are carried out. It must have a civic address and dedicated labour.

The exclusions to the target population are ancillary establishments (producers of services in support of the activity of producing goods and services for the market of more than one establishment within the enterprise, and serves as a cost centre or a discretionary expense centre for which data on all its costs including labour and depreciation can be reported by the business), future establishments, establishments with a missing or a zero gross business income (GBI) value on the BR and establishments in the following non-covered NAICS:

  • 4541 (electronic shopping and mail-order houses)
  • 4542 (vending machine operators)
  • 45431 (fuel dealers)
  • 45439 (other direct selling establishments)

4. Sampling

The MRTS sample consists of 10,000 groups of establishments (clusters) classified to the Retail Trade sector selected from the Statistics Canada Business Register. A cluster of establishments is defined as all establishments belonging to a statistical enterprise that are in the same industrial group and geographical region. The MRTS uses a stratified design with simple random sample selection in each stratum. The stratification is done by industry groups (the mainly, but not only four digit level NAICS), and the geographical regions consisting of the provinces and territories, as well as three provincial sub-regions. We further stratify the population by size.

The size measure is created using a combination of independent survey data and three administrative variables: the annual profiled revenue, the GST sales expressed on an annual basis, and the declared tax revenue (T1 or T2). The size strata consist of one take-all (census), at most, two take-some (partially sampled) strata, and one take-none (non-sampled) stratum. Take-none strata serve to reduce respondent burden by excluding the smaller businesses from the surveyed population. These businesses should represent at most ten percent of total sales. Instead of sending questionnaires to these businesses, the estimates are produced through the use of administrative data.

The sample was allocated optimally in order to reach target coefficients of variation at the national, provincial/territorial, industrial, and industrial groups by province/territory levels. The sample was also inflated to compensate for dead, non-responding, and misclassified units.

MRTS is a repeated survey with maximisation of monthly sample overlap. The sample is kept month after month, and every month new units are added (births) to the sample.  MRTS births, i.e., new clusters of establishment(s), are identified every month via the BR’s latest universe. They are stratified according to the same criteria as the initial population. A sample of these births is selected according to the sampling fraction of the stratum to which they belong and is added to the monthly sample. Deaths occur on a monthly basis. A death can be a cluster of establishment(s) that have ceased their activities (out-of-business) or whose major activities are no longer in retail trade (out-of-scope). The status of these businesses is updated on the BR using administrative sources and survey feedback, including feedback from the MRTS. Methods to treat dead units and misclassified units are part of the sample and population update procedures.

5. Questionnaire design

The Monthly Retail Trade Survey incorporates the following sub-surveys:

Monthly Retail Trade Survey - R8

Monthly Retail Trade Survey (with inventories) – R8

Survey of Sales and Inventories of Alcoholic Beverages

The questionnaires collect monthly data on retail sales and the number of trading locations by province or territory and inventories of goods owned and intended for resale from a sample of retailers. The items on the questionnaires have remained unchanged for several years. For the 2004 redesign, the general questionnaires were subject to cosmetic changes only. The questionnaire for Sales and Inventories of Alcoholic Beverages underwent more extensive changes. The modifications were discussed with stakeholders and the respondents were given an opportunity to comment before the new questionnaire was finalized. If further changes are needed to any of the questionnaires, proposed changes would go through a review committee and a field test with respondents and data users to ensure its relevancy.

6. Response and nonresponse

6.1. Response and non-response

Despite the best efforts of survey managers and operations staff to maximize response in the MRTS, some non-response will occur. For statistical establishments to be classified as responding, the degree of partial response (where an accurate response is obtained for only some of the questions asked a respondent) must meet a minimum threshold level below which the response would be rejected and considered a unit nonresponse.  In such an instance, the business is classified as not having responded at all.

Non-response has two effects on data: first it introduces bias in estimates when nonrespondents differ from respondents in the characteristics measured; and second, it contributes to an increase in the sampling variance of estimates because the effective sample size is reduced from that originally sought.

The degree to which efforts are made to get a response from a non-respondent is based on budget and time constraints, its impact on the overall quality and the risk of nonresponse bias.

The main method to reduce the impact of non-response at sampling is to inflate the sample size through the use of over-sampling rates that have been determined from similar surveys.

Besides the methods to reduce the impact of non-response at sampling and collection, the non-responses to the survey that do occur are treated through imputation. In order to measure the amount of non-response that occurs each month, various response rates are calculated. For a given reference month, the estimation process is run at least twice (a preliminary and a revised run). Between each run, respondent data can be identified as unusable and imputed values can be corrected through respondent data. As a consequence, response rates are computed following each run of the estimation process.

For the MRTS, two types of rates are calculated (un-weighted and weighted). In order to assess the efficiency of the collection process, un-weighted response rates are calculated. Weighted rates, using the estimation weight and the value for the variable of interest, assess the quality of estimation. Within each of these types of rates, there are distinct rates for units that are surveyed and for units that are only modeled from administrative data that has been extracted from GST files.

To get a better picture of the success of the collection process, two un-weighted rates called the ‘collection results rate’ and the ‘extraction results rate’ are computed. They are computed by dividing the number of respondents by the number of units that we tried to contact or tried to receive extracted data for them. Non-monthly reporters (respondents with special reporting arrangements where they do not report every month but for whom actual data is available in subsequent revisions) are excluded from both the numerator and denominator for the months where no contact is performed.

In summary, the various response rates are calculated as follows:

Weighted rates:

Survey Response rate (estimation) =
Sum of weighted sales of units with response status i / Sum of survey weighted sales

where i = units that have either reported data that will be used in estimation or are converted refusals, or have reported data that has not yet been resolved for estimation.

Admin Response rate (estimation) =
Sum of weighted sales of units with response status ii / Sum of administrative weighted sales

where ii = units that have data that was extracted from administrative files and are usable for estimation.

Total Response rate (estimation) =
Sum of weighted sales of units with response status i or response status ii / Sum of all weighted sales

Un-weighted rates:

Survey Response rate (collection) =
Number of questionnaires with response status iii/ Number of questionnaires with response status iv

where iii = units that have either reported data (unresolved, used or not used for estimation) or are converted refusals.

where iv = all of the above plus units that have refused to respond, units that were not contacted and other types of non-respondent units.

Admin Response rate (extraction) =
Number of questionnaires with response status vi/ Number of questionnaires with response status vii

where vi = in-scope units that have data (either usable or non-usable) that was extracted from administrative files

where vii = all of the above plus units that have refused to report to the administrative data source, units that were not contacted and other types of non-respondent units.

(% of questionnaire collected over all in-scope questionnaires)

Collection Results Rate =
Number of questionnaires with response status iii / Number of questionnaires with response status viii

where iii = same as iii defined above

where viii = same as iv except for the exclusion of units that were contacted because their response is unavailable for a particular month since they are non-monthly reporters.

Extraction Results Rate =
Number of questionnaires with response status ix / Number of questionnaires with response status vii

where ix = same as vi with the addition of extracted units that have been imputed or were out of scope

where vii = same as vii defined above

(% of questionnaires collected over all questionnaire in-scope we tried to collect)

All the above weighted and un-weighted rates are provided at the industrial group, geography and size group level or for any combination of these levels.

Use of Administrative Data

Managing response burden is an ongoing challenge for Statistics Canada. In an attempt to alleviate response burden and survey costs, especially for smaller businesses, the MRTS has reduced the number of simple establishments in the sample that are surveyed directly and instead derives sales data for these establishments from Goods and Service Tax (GST) files using a statistical model. The model accounts for differences between sales and revenue (reported for GST purposes) as well as for the time lag between the survey reference period and the reference period of the GST file.

For more information on the methodology used for modeling sales from administrative data sources, refer to ‘Monthly Retail Trade Survey: Use of Administrative Data’ under ‘Documentation’ of the IMDB.

Table 1 contains the weighted response rates for all industry groups as well as for total retail trade for each province and territory. For more detailed weighted response rates, please contact the Marketing and Dissemination Section at (613) 951-3549, toll free: 1-877-421-3067 or by e-mail at retailinfo@statcan.

6.2. Methods used to reduce non-response at collection

Significant effort is spent trying to minimize non-response during collection. Methods used, among others, are interviewer techniques such as probing and persuasion, repeated re-scheduling and call-backs to obtain the information, and procedures dealing with how to handle non-compliant (refusal) respondents.

If data are unavailable at the time of collection, a respondent's best estimates are also accepted, and are subsequently revised once the actual data become available.

To minimize total non-response for all variables, partial responses are accepted. In addition, questionnaires are customized for the collection of certain variables, such as inventory, so that collection is timed for those months when the data are available.

Finally, to build trust and rapport between the interviewers and respondents, cases are generally assigned to the same interviewer each month. This action establishes a personal relationship between interviewer and respondent, and builds respondent trust.

7. Data collection and capture operations

Collection of the data is performed by Statistics Canada’s Regional Offices.

Table 1
Weighted response rates by NAICS, for all provinces/territories: July 2012
Table summary
This table displays the results of weighted response rates by naics weighted response rates, calculated using total, survey and administrative units of measure (appearing as column headers).
  Weighted Response Rates
Total Survey Administrative
NAICS - Canada  
Motor Vehicle and Parts Dealers 90.8 91.5 66.1
Automobile Dealers 92.2 92.6 56.6
New Car DealersNote 1 93.6 93.6  
Used Car Dealers 70.3 72.6 56.6
Other Motor Vehicle Dealers 78.2 79.1 72.9
Automotive Parts, Accessories and Tire Stores 86.9 90.7 63.8
Furniture and Home Furnishings Stores 88 90.9 58.8
Furniture Stores 92.4 93.8 67.4
Home Furnishings Stores 80.4 85.3 53.8
Electronics and Appliance Stores 90.4 91.2 64.9
Building Material and Garden Equipment Dealers 91.9 93.5 78.9
Food and Beverage Stores 85.7 90.9 28.8
Grocery Stores 85.1 91.3 24.1
Grocery (except Convenience) Stores 87.1 93.3 20
Convenience Stores 62.2 64.9 49
Specialty Food Stores 66.2 73.1 41.9
Beer, Wine and Liquor Stores 92.2 93 62.5
Health and Personal Care Stores 82.7 82.5 85.8
Gasoline Stations 84.2 84.7 76
Clothing and Clothing Accessories Stores 89 90.6 39.1
Clothing Stores 90.4 92 29.2
Shoe Stores 89.2 89.3 80.4
Jewellery, Luggage and Leather Goods Stores 79.1 81.6 51.8
Sporting Goods, Hobby, Book and Music Stores 86.4 93.1 32.6
General Merchandise Stores 99.4 99.5 86
Department Stores 100 100  
Other general merchadise stores 98.8 99 86
Miscellaneous Store Retailers 78.3 82.2 48.8
Total 88.9 90.9 55.6
Regions  
Newfoundland and Labrador 94 94.7 75.8
Prince Edward Island 90.8 91.6 43.9
Nova Scotia 94.2 95 77.4
New Brunswick 83.4 85.5 56
Québec 89.2 92.8 46
Ontario 90.2 92.1 56.2
Manitoba 88.1 88.6 66.8
Saskatchewan 88.9 90.2 61.2
Alberta 86.8 87.7 68.9
British Columbia 86.8 88.6 55
Yukon Territory 87.8 87.8  
Northwest Territories 84.1 84.1  
Nunavut 91.5 91.5  
1 There are no administrative records used in new car dealers

Weighted Response Rates

Respondents are sent a questionnaire or are contacted by telephone to obtain their sales and inventory values, as well as to confirm the opening or closing of business trading locations. Collection of the data begins approximately 7 working days after the end of the reference month and continues for the duration of that month.

New entrants to the survey are introduced to the survey via an introductory letter that informs the respondent that a representative of Statistics Canada will be calling. This call is to introduce the respondent to the survey, confirm the respondent's business activity, establish and begin data collection, as well as to answer any questions that the respondent may have.

8. Editing

Data editing is the application of checks to detect missing, invalid or inconsistent entries or to point to data records that are potentially in error. In the survey process for the MRTS, data editing is done at two different time periods.

First of all, editing is done during data collection. Once data are collected via the telephone, or via the receipt of completed mail-in questionnaires, the data are captured using customized data capture applications. All data are subjected to data editing. Edits during data collection are referred to as field edits and generally consist of validity and some simple consistency edits. They are used to detect mistakes made during the interview by the respondent or the interviewer and to identify missing information during collection in order to reduce the need for follow-up later on. Another purpose of the field edits is to clean up responses. In the MRTS, the current month’s responses are edited against the respondent’s previous month’s responses and/or the previous year’s responses for the current month. Field edits are also used to identify problems with data collection procedures and the design of the questionnaire, as well as the need for more interviewer training.

Follow-up with respondents occurs to validate potential erroneous data following any failed preliminary edit check of the data. Once validated, the collected data is regularly transmitted to the head office in Ottawa.

Secondly, editing known as statistical editing is also done after data collection and this is more empirical in nature. Statistical editing is run prior to imputation in order to identify the data that will be used as a basis to impute non-respondents. Large outliers that could disrupt a monthly trend are excluded from trend calculations by the statistical edits. It should be noted that adjustments are not made at this stage to correct the reported outliers.

The first step in the statistical editing is to identify which responses will be subjected to the statistical edit rules. Reported data for the current reference month will go through various edit checks.

The first set of edit checks is based on the Hidiriglou-Berthelot method whereby a ratio of the respondent’s current month data over historical (last month, same month last year) or auxiliary data is analyzed. When the respondent’s ratio differs significantly from ratios of respondents who are similar in terms of industry and/or geography group, the response is deemed an outlier.

The second set of edits consists of an edit known as the share of market edit. With this method, one is able to edit all respondents, even those where historical and auxiliary data is unavailable. The method relies on current month data only. Therefore, within a group of respondents, that are similar in terms of industrial group and/or geography, if the weighted contribution of a respondent to the group’s total is too large, it will be flagged as an outlier.

For edit checks based on the Hidiriglou-Berthelot method, data that are flagged as an outlier will not be included in the imputation models (those based on ratios). Also, data that are flagged as outliers in the share of market edit will not be included in the imputation models where means and medians are calculated to impute for responses that have no historical responses.

In conjunction with the statistical editing after data collection of reported data, there is also error detection done on the extracted GST data. Modeled data based on the GST are also subject to an extensive series of processing steps which thoroughly verify each record that is the basis for the model as well as the record being modeled. Edits are performed at a more aggregate level (industry by geography level) to detect records which deviate from the expected range, either by exhibiting large month-to-month change, or differing significantly from the remaining units. All data which fail these edits are subject to manual inspection and possible corrective action.

9. Imputation

Imputation in the MRTS is the process used to assign replacement values for missing data. This is done by assigning values when they are missing on the record being edited to ensure that estimates are of high quality and that a plausible, internal consistency is created. Due to concerns of response burden, cost and timeliness, it is generally impossible to do all follow-ups with the respondents in order to resolve missing responses. Since it is desirable to produce a complete and consistent microdata file, imputation is used to handle the remaining missing cases.

In the MRTS, imputation is based on historical data or administrative data (GST sales). The appropriate method is selected according to a strategy that is based on whether historical data is available, auxiliary data is available and/or which reference month is being processed.

There are three types of historical imputation methods. The first type is a general trend that uses one historical data source (previous month, data from next month or data from same month previous year). The second type is a regression model where data from previous month and same month previous year are used simultaneously. The third type uses the historical data as a direct replacement value for a non-respondent. Depending upon the particular reference month, there is an order of preference that exists so that top quality imputation can result. The historical imputation method that was labelled as the third type above is always the last option in the order for each reference month.

The imputation methods using administrative data are automatically selected when historical information is unavailable for a non-respondent. The administrative data source (annual GST sales) is the basis of these methods. The annual GST sales are used for two types of methods. One is a general trend that will be used for simple structure, e.g. enterprises with only one establishment, and a second type is called median-average that is used for units with a more complex structure.

10. Estimation

Estimation is a process that approximates unknown population parameters using only part of the population that is included in a sample. Inferences about these unknown parameters are then made, using the sample data and associated survey design. This stage uses Statistics Canada's Generalized Estimation System (GES).

For retail sales, the population is divided into a survey portion (take-all and take-some strata) and a non-survey portion (take-none stratum). From the sample that is drawn from the survey portion, an estimate for the population is determined through the use of a Horvitz-Thompson estimator where responses for sales are weighted by using the inverses of the inclusion probabilities of the sampled units. Such weights (called sampling weights) can be interpreted as the number of times that each sampled unit should be replicated to represent the entire population. The calculated weighted sales values are summed by domain, to produce the total sales estimates by each industrial group / geographic area combination. A domain is defined as the most recent classification values available from the BR for the unit and the survey reference period. These domains may differ from the original sampling strata because units may have changed size, industry or location. Changes in classification are reflected immediately in the estimates and do not accumulate over time. For the non-survey portion, the sales are estimated with statistical models using monthly GST sales.

For more information on the methodology for modeling sales from administrative data sources which also contributes to the estimates of the survey portion, refer to ‘Monthly Retail Survey: Use of Administrative Data’ under ‘Documentation’ of the IMDB.

The measure of precision used for the MRTS to evaluate the quality of a population parameter estimate and to obtain valid inferences is the variance. The variance from the survey portion is derived directly from a stratified simple random sample without replacement.

Sample estimates may differ from the expected value of the estimates. However, since the estimate is based on a probability sample, the variability of the sample estimate with respect to its expected value can be measured. The variance of an estimate is a measure of the precision of the sample estimate and is defined as the average, over all possible samples, of the squared difference of the estimate from its expected value.

11. Revisions and seasonal adjustment

Revisions in the raw data are required to correct known non-sampling errors. These normally include replacing imputed data with reported data, corrections to previously reported data, and estimates for new births that were not known at the time of the original estimates.

Raw data are revised, on a monthly basis, for the month immediately prior to the current reference month being published. That is, when data for December are being published for the first time, there will also be revisions, if necessary, to the raw data for November. In addition, revisions are made once a year, with the initial release of the February data, for all months in the previous year. The purpose is to correct any significant problems that have been found that apply for an extended period. The actual period of revision depends on the nature of the problem identified, but rarely exceeds three years.

Time series contain the elements essential to the description, explanation and forecasting of the behaviour of an economic phenomenon: "They are statistical records of the evolution of economic processes through time."1 Economic time series such as the Monthly Retail Trade Survey can be broken down into five main components: the trend-cycle, seasonality, the trading-day effect, the Easter holiday effect and the irregular component.

The trend represents the long-term change in the series, whereas the cycle represents a smooth, quasi-periodical movement about the trend, showing a succession of growth and decline phases (e.g., the business cycle). These two components—the trend and the cycle—are estimated together, and the trend-cycle reflects the fundamental evolution of the series. The other components reflect short-term transient movements.

The seasonal component represents sub-annual, monthly or quarterly fluctuations that recur more or less regularly from one year to the next. Seasonal variations are caused by the direct and indirect effects of the climatic seasons and institutional factors (attributable to social conventions or administrative rules; e.g., Christmas).

The trading-day component originates from the fact that the relative importance of the days varies systematically within the week and that the number of each day of the week in a given month varies from year to year. This effect is present when activity varies with the day of the week. For instance, Sunday is typically less active than the other days, and the number of Sundays, Mondays, etc., in a given month changes from year to year.

The Easter holiday effect is the variation due to the shift of part of April’s activity to March when Easter falls in March rather than April.

Lastly, the irregular component includes all other more or less erratic fluctuations not taken into account in the preceding components. It is a residual that includes errors of measurement on the 1. A Note on the Seasonal adjustment of Economic Time Series», Canadian Statistical Review, August 1974.  A variable itself as well as unusual events (e.g., strikes, drought, floods, major power blackout or other unexpected events causing variations in respondents’ activities).

Thus, the latter four components—seasonal, irregular, trading-day and Easter holiday effect—all conceal the fundamental trend-cycle component of the series. Seasonal adjustment (correction of seasonal variation) consists in removing the seasonal, trading-day and Easter holiday effect components from the series, and it thus helps reveal the trend-cycle. While seasonal adjustment permits a better understanding of the underlying trend-cycle of a series, the seasonally adjusted series still contains an irregular component. Slight month-to-month variations in the seasonally adjusted series may be simple irregular movements. To get a better idea of the underlying trend, users should examine several months of the seasonally adjusted series.

Since April 2008, Monthly Retail Trade Survey data are seasonally adjusted using the X-12- ARIMA2 software. The technique that is used essentially consists of first correcting the initial series for all sorts of undesirable effects, such as the trading-day and the Easter holiday effects, by a module called regARIMA. These effects are estimated using regression models with ARIMA errors (auto-regressive integrated moving average models). The series can also be extrapolated for at least one year by using the model. Subsequently, the raw series—pre-adjusted and extrapolated if applicable— is seasonally adjusted by the X-11 method.

The X-11 method is used for analysing monthly and quarterly series. It is based on an iterative principle applied in estimating the different components, with estimation being done at each stage using adequate moving averages3. The moving averages used to estimate the main components—the trend and seasonality—are primarily smoothing tools designed to eliminate an undesirable component from the series. Since moving averages react poorly to the presence of atypical values, the X-11 method includes a tool for detecting and correcting atypical points. This tool is used to clean up the series during the seasonal adjustment. Outlying data points can also be detected and corrected in advance, within the regARIMA module.

Lastly, the annual totals of the seasonally adjusted series are forced to the annual totals of the original series.

Unfortunately, seasonal adjustment removes the sub-annual additivity of a system of series; small discrepancies can be observed between the sum of seasonally adjusted series and the direct seasonal adjustment of their total. To insure or restore additivity in a system of series, a reconciliation process is applied or indirect seasonal adjustment is used, i.e. the seasonal adjustment of a total is derived by the summation of the individually seasonally adjusted series.

12. Data quality evaluation

The methodology of this survey has been designed to control errors and to reduce their potential effects on estimates. However, the survey results remain subject to errors, of which sampling error is only one component of the total survey error. Sampling error results when observations are made only on a sample and not on the entire population. All other errors arising from the various phases of a survey are referred to as nonsampling errors. For example, these types of errors can occur when a respondent provides incorrect information or does not answer certain questions; when a unit in the target population is omitted or covered more than once; when GST data for records being modeled for a particular month are not representative of the actual record for various reasons; when a unit that is out of scope for the survey is included by mistake or when errors occur in data processing, such as coding or capture errors.

Prior to publication, combined survey results are analyzed for comparability; in general, this includes a detailed review of individual responses (especially for large businesses), general economic conditions and historical trends.

A common measure of data quality for surveys is the coefficient of variation (CV). The coefficient of variation, defined as the standard error divided by the sample estimate, is a measure of precision in relative terms. Since the coefficient of variation is calculated from responses of individual units, it also measures some non-sampling errors.

The formula used to calculate coefficients of variation (CV) as percentages is:

CV (X) = S(X) * 100% / X
where X denotes the estimate and S(X) denotes the standard error of X.

Confidence intervals can be constructed around the estimates using the estimate and the CV. Thus, for our sample, it is possible to state with a given level of confidence that the expected value will fall within the confidence interval constructed around the estimate. For example, if an estimate of $12,000,000 has a CV of 2%, the standard error will be $240,000 (the estimate multiplied by the CV). It can be stated with 68% confidence that the expected values will fall within the interval whose length equals the standard deviation about the estimate, i.e. between $11,760,000 and $12,240,000.

Alternatively, it can be stated with 95% confidence that the expected value will fall within the interval whose length equals two standard deviations about the estimate, i.e. between $11,520,000 and $12,480,000.

Finally, due to the small contribution of the non-survey portion to the total estimates, bias in the non-survey portion has a negligible impact on the CVs. Therefore, the CV from the survey portion is used for the total estimate that is the summation of estimates from the surveyed and non-surveyed portions.

13. Disclosure control

Statistics Canada is prohibited by law from releasing any data which would divulge information obtained under the Statistics Act that relates to any identifiable person, business or organization without the prior knowledge or the consent in writing of that person, business or organization. Various confidentiality rules are applied to all data that are released or published to prevent the publication or disclosure of any information deemed confidential. If necessary, data are suppressed to prevent direct or residual disclosure of identifiable data.

Confidentiality analysis includes the detection of possible "direct disclosure", which occurs when the value in a tabulation cell is composed of a few respondents or when the cell is dominated by a few companies.

 

Monthly Wholesale Trade Survey Data Quality Statement

1. Objective, Uses and Users

1.1. Objectives

The Monthly Wholesale Trade Survey (MWTS) provides information on the performance of the wholesale trade sector and is an important indicator of the health of the Canadian economy. In addition, the business community uses the data to analyse market performance.

1.2. Use

The estimates provide a measure of the health and performance of the wholesale trade sector. Information collected is used to estimate level and monthly trend for wholesale sales and inventories. At the end of each year, the estimates provide a preliminary look at annual wholesale sales and performance.

1.3. Users

A variety of organizations, sector associations, and levels of government make use of the information. Wholesalers can use the survey results to compare their performance against similar types of businesses, as well as for marketing purposes. Wholesale associations are able to monitor industry performance and promote their wholesale industries. Investors can monitor industry growth, which can result in better access to investment capital by wholesalers. Governments are able to understand the role of wholesalers in the economy, which aid in the development of policies and tax incentives. As an important industry in the Canadian economy (5 to 6% of the Gross Domestic Product, depending on the year), governments are able to better determine the overall health of the economy through the use of the estimates in the calculation of the nation’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

2. Concepts, Variables and Classifications

2.1. Concepts

Wholesale trade is generally the intermediate step in the distribution of merchandise. The sector comprises establishments primarily engaged in the buying and selling of merchandise and providing logistics, marketing and support services.

Wholesalers are organized to sell merchandise in large quantities to retailers, business and institutional clients. However, some wholesalers, in particular those that supply non-consumer capital goods, sell merchandise in single units to final users.  The sector recognizes two main types of wholesalers: wholesale merchants and wholesale agents and brokers.

Wholesale merchants buy and sell merchandise on their own account, that is, they take title to the goods they sell. They generally operate from warehouse or office locations and they may ship from their own inventory or arrange for the shipment of goods directly from the supplier to the client. In addition to the sales of goods, they may provide, or arrange for the provision of, logistics, marketing and support services, such as packaging and labelling, inventory management, shipping, handling of warranty claims, in-store or co-op promotions, and product training. Dealers of machinery and equipment, such as dealers of farm machinery and heavy-duty trucks, also fall within this category. They are known by a variety of trade designation depending on their relationship with suppliers or customers, or the distribution method they employ.

Examples include wholesale merchant, wholesale distributor, drop shipper, rack-jobbers, import-export merchants, buying groups, dealer-owned cooperatives and banner wholesalers. For purposes of industrial classification, wholesale merchants are classified by industry according to the principal lines of commodities sold. A description of each industrial group included in the accompanying statistical data is shown in Appendix IV. As most businesses sell several kinds of commodities, the classification assigned to a business generally reflects either the individual commodity or the commodity group which is the primary source of the establishment’s receipts, or some mixture of commodities which characterizes the establishment’s business.

Wholesale Agents and Brokers buy and sell merchandise owned by others on a fee or commission basis. They do not take title to the goods they buy or sell, and they generally operate at or from an office location. Wholesale agents and brokers are known by a variety of trade designations including import-export agents, wholesale commission agents, wholesale brokers, and manufacturer’s representatives’ ad agents.

2.2. Variables

Sales are defined as the sales of all goods purchased for resale, net of returns and discounts. This includes parts used in generating repair and maintenance revenue, labour revenue from repair and maintenance, sales of goods manufactured as a secondary activity by the wholesaler, and revenue from rental and leasing of office space, other real estate, and goods and equipment.  As well, any commission revenue and fees earned from buying and selling merchandise on account of others by wholesale merchants is also included. Other operating revenue such as operating subsidies and grants, shipping, handling, and storing goods for others are excluded.

Inventories are defined as the book value, i.e., the value maintained in the accounting records, of all stock owned at month end and intended for resale. This includes stock in selling outlets, in warehouses, in transit, or on consignment to others. It also includes stock owned within and outside Canada. Inventories held on consignment from others (not owned), and store and office supplies and any other supplies not to be sold are excluded. Trading Location is the physical location(s) in which business activity is conducted in each province and territory, and for which sales are credited or recognized in the financial records of the company. For wholesalers, this would normally be a distribution centre.

Sales in volume: The value of wholesale trade is measured in two ways; including the effects of price change on sales and net of the effects of price change. The first measure is referred to as wholesale trade in current dollars and the latter as wholesale trade in volume. The method of calculating the current dollar estimate is to aggregate the weighted value of sales for all wholesale outlets. The method of calculating the volume estimate is to first adjust the sales values to a base year, using the price indexes, and then sum up the resulting values.

2.3. Classifications

The Monthly Wholesale Trade Survey is based on the definition of wholesale trade under the NAICS (North American Industrial Classification System). NAICS is the agreed upon common framework for the production of comparable statistics by the statistical agencies of Canada, Mexico and the United States. The agreement defines the boundaries of twenty sectors. NAICS is based on a production-oriented, or supply based conceptual framework in that establishments are groups into industries according to similarity in production processes used to produce goods and services.

Estimates appear for 24 industries based on the 2007 North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) industries. The 24 industries are further aggregated to 7 sub-sectors which correspond exactly to the 3-digit NAICS codes for wholesale trade industries, with the exception of the following: wholesale agents and brokers; and petroleum and oilseed and grain wholesaler-distributors.

Geographically, sales estimates are produced for Canada and each province and territory. Inventory estimates are produced only for Canada as a whole.

3. Coverage and Frames

Statistics Canada’s Business Register (BR) provides the frame for the Monthly Wholesale Trade Survey. The BR is a structured list of businesses engaged in the production of goods and services in Canada. It is a centrally maintained database containing detailed descriptions of most business entities operating within Canada. The BR includes all incorporated businesses, with or without employees. For unincorporated businesses, the BR includes all employer businesses and businesses with no employees with annualized sales that have a Goods and Services Tax (GST) account or annual revenue coming from individual income tax.

The businesses on the BR are represented by a hierarchical structure with four levels, with the statistical enterprise at the top, followed by the statistical company, the statistical establishment and the statistical location. An enterprise can be linked to one or more statistical companies, a statistical company can be linked to one or more statistical establishments, and a statistical establishment to one or more statistical locations.

The target population for the MWTS consists of all statistical establishments on the BR, excluding unincorporated businesses with no employees and with annual sales less than $30,000,.that are classified to the wholesale sector using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) (approximately 90,000 establishments). The NAICS code range for wholesale sector is 410000 to 419999. A statistical establishment is the production entity or the smallest grouping of production entities which: produces a homogeneous set of goods or services; does not cross provincial/territorial boundaries; and provides data on the value of output together with the cost of principal intermediate inputs used along with the cost and quantity of labour used to produce the output. The production entity is the physical unit where the business operations are carried out. It must have a civic address and dedicated labour.

The exclusions to the target population are ancillary establishments (producers of services in support of the activity of producing goods and services for the market of more than one establishment within the enterprise, and serves as a cost centre or a discretionary expense centre for which data on all its costs including labour and depreciation can be reported by the business), future establishments, establishments for which economic signals indicate a null or missing revenue, and establishments in the following non-covered NAICS:

  • 41112 (oilseed and grain)
  • 412 (petroleum products)
  • 419 (agents and brokers)

4. Sampling

The MWTS sample consists of 7,500 groups of establishments (clusters) classified to the Wholesale Trade sector selected from the Statistics Canada Business Register. A cluster of establishments is defined as all establishments belonging to a statistical enterprise that are in the same industrial group and geographical region. The MWTS uses a stratified design with simple random sample selection in each stratum. The stratification is done by industrial groups (mainly, but not only four digit level NAICS), and the geographical regions consisting of the provinces and territories. We further stratify the population by size. The size measure is created using a combination of independent survey data and three administrative variables: the annual profiled revenue, the GST sales expressed on an annual basis, and the declared tax revenue (T1 or T2).

The size strata consist of one take-all (census), at most two take-some (partially sampled) strata, and one take-none (non-sampled) stratum. Take-none strata serve to reduce respondent burden by excluding the smaller businesses from the surveyed population. These businesses should represent at most ten percent of total sales. Instead of sending questionnaires to these businesses, the estimates are produced through the use of administrative data.

The sample was allocated optimally in order to reach target coefficients of variation at the national, provincial/territorial, industrial, and industrial groups by province/territory levels. The sample was also inflated to compensate for dead, non-responding, and misclassified units.

MWTS is a repeated survey with maximization of monthly sample overlap. The sample is kept month after month, and every month new units are added (births) to the sample. MWTS births, i.e., new clusters of establishment(s), are identified every month via the BR’s latest universe. They are stratified according to the same criteria as the initial population. A sample of these births is selected according to the sampling fraction of the stratum to which they belong and is added to the monthly sample. Deaths also occur on a monthly basis. A death can be a cluster of establishment(s) that have ceased their activities (out-of-business) or whose major activities are no longer in wholesale trade (out-of-scope). The status of these businesses is updated on the BR using administrative sources and survey feedback, including feedback from the MWTS. Methods to treat dead units and misclassified units are part of the sample and population update procedures.

5. Questionnaire Design

The questionnaire collects monthly data on wholesale sales and the number of trading locations by province or territory and inventories of goods owned and intended for resale from a sample of wholesalers. For the 2004 redesign, most questionnaires were subject to cosmetic changes only, with the exception of the inclusion of Nunavut. The modifications were discussed with stakeholders and the respondents were given an opportunity to comment before the new questionnaire was finalized. If further changes are needed to any of the questionnaires, proposed changes would go through a review committee and a field test with respondents and data users to ensure its relevancy.

6. Response and Non-response

6.1. Response and Non-response

Despite the best efforts of survey managers and operations staff to maximize response in the MWTS, some non-response will occur.

For statistical establishments to be classified as responding, the degree of partial response (where an accurate response is obtained for only some of the questions asked a respondent) must meet a minimum threshold level below which the response would be rejected and considered a unit non-response. In such an instance, the business is classified as not having responded at all.

Non-response has two effects on data: first it introduces bias in estimates when non-respondents differ from respondents in the characteristics measured; and second, it contributes to an increase in the sampling variance of estimates because the effective sample size is reduced from that originally sought.

The degree to which efforts are made to get a response from a non-respondent is based on budget and time constraints, its impact on the overall quality and the risk of non-response bias.

The main method to reduce the impact of non-response at sampling is to inflate the sample size through the use of over-sampling rates that have been determined from similar surveys.

Besides the methods to reduce the impact of non-response at sampling and collection, the non-responses to the survey that do occur are treated through imputation.

In order to measure the amount of non-response that occurs each month various response rates are calculated. For a given reference month, the estimation process is run at least twice (a preliminary and a revised run). Between each run, respondent data can be identified as unusable and imputed values can be corrected through respondent data. As a consequence, response rates are computed following each run of the estimation process.

For the MWTS, two types of rates are calculated (unweighted and weighted). In order to assess the efficiency of the collection process, unweighted response rates are calculated. Weighted rates, using the estimation weight and the value for the variable of interest, assess the quality of estimation. Within each of these types of rates, there are distinct rates for units that are surveyed and for units that are only modeled from administrative data that has been extracted from GST files.

To get a better picture of the success of the collection process, two unweighted rates called the ‘collection results rate’ and the ‘extraction results rate’ are computed. They are computed by dividing the number of respondents by the number of units that we tried to contact or tried to receive extracted data for them. Non-monthly reporters (respondents with special reporting arrangements where they do not report every month but for whom actual data is available in subsequent revisions) are excluded from both the numerator and denominator for the months where no contact is performed.

In summary, the various response rates are calculated as follows:

Weighted rates:

- Survey Response rate (estimation) = Sum of weighted sales of units with response status i / Sum of survey weighted sales

where i = units that have either reported data that will be used in estimation or are converted
refusals, or have reported data that has not yet been resolved for estimation.

- Admin Response rate (estimation) = Sum of weighted sales of units with response status ii / Sum of administrative weighted sales

where ii = units that have data that was extracted from administrative files and are usable for estimation.

- Total Response rate (estimation) = Sum of weighted sales of units with response status i or response status ii / Sum of all weighted sales

Unweighted rates:

- Survey Response rate (collection) = Number of questionnaires with response status iii / Number of questionnaires with response status iv

where iii = units that have either reported data (unresolved, used or not used for estimation) or are converted refusals.

where iv = all of the above plus units that have refused to respond, units that were not contacted and other types of non-respondent units.

- Admin Response rate (extraction) = Number of questionnaires with response status vi / Number of questionnaires with response status vii

where vi = in-scope units that have data (either usable or non-usable) that was extracted from administrative files

where vii = all of the above plus units that have refused to report to the administrative data source, units that were not contacted and other types of non-respondent units.
(% of questionnaire collected over all in-scope questionnaires)

- Collection Results Rate = Number of questionnaires with response status iii / Number of questionnaires with response status viii

where iii = same as iii defined above

where viii = same as iv except for excluded units that were contacted because their response is unavailable for a particular month since they are non-monthly reporters.

- Extraction Results Rate = Number of questionnaires with response status ix / Number of questionnaires with response status vii

where ix = same as vi with the addition of extracted units that have been imputed or were out of scope

where vii = same as vii defined above
(% of questionnaires collected over all questionnaire in-scope we tried to collect)

All the above weighted and unweighted rates are provided at the industrial group, geography and size group level or for any combination of these levels.

Use of Administrative Data:

Managing response burden is an ongoing challenge for Statistics Canada. In an attempt to alleviate response burden and survey costs, especially for smaller businesses, the MWTS has reduced the number of simple establishments in the sample that are surveyed directly and instead derives sales data for these establishments from Goods and Service Tax (GST) files using a statistical model. The model accounts for differences between sales and revenue (reported for GST purposes) as well as for the time lag between the survey reference period and the reference period of the GST file.

Inventories for establishments where sales are GST-based are derived using the MWTS imputation system. The imputation system uses the previous month’s values, the month-to-month and year-to-year changes in similar size establishments which are surveyed.

For more information on the methodology used for modeling sales from administrative data sources, refer to ‘Monthly Wholesale Trade Survey: Use of Administrative Data’ under ‘Documentation’ of the IMDB.

6.2. Methods used to reduce non-response at collection

Significant effort is spent trying to minimize non-response during collection. Methods used, among others, are interviewer techniques such as probing and persuasion, repeated re-scheduling and call-backs to obtain the information, and procedures dealing with how to handle non-compliant (refusal) respondents.

If data are unavailable at the time of collection, a respondent's best estimates are also accepted, and are subsequently revised once the actual data become available. To minimize total non-response for all variables, partial responses are accepted. In addition, questionnaires are customized for the collection of certain variables, such as inventory, so that collection is timed for those months when the data are available.

Finally, to build trust and rapport between the interviewers and respondents, cases are generally assigned to the same interviewer each month. This action establishes a personal relationship between interviewer and respondent, and builds respondent trust.

7. Data Collection and Capture Operations

Collection of the data is performed by Statistics Canada’s Regional Offices. Respondents are sent a questionnaire or are contacted by telephone to obtain their sales and inventory values, as well as to confirm the opening or closing of business trading locations. There is also follow-up of non-response. Collection of the data begins approximately 7 working days after the end of the reference month and continues for the duration of that month.

New entrants to the survey are introduced to the survey via an introductory letter that informs the respondent that a representative of Statistics Canada will be calling. This call is to introduce the respondent to the survey, confirm the respondent's business activity, establish and begin data collection, as well as to answer any questions that the respondent may have.

8. Editing

Data editing is the application of checks to detect missing, invalid or inconsistent entries or to point to data records that are potentially in error. In the survey process for the MWTS, data editing is done at two different time periods.

First of all, editing is done during data collection. Once data are collected via the telephone, or via the receipt of completed mail-in questionnaires, the data are captured using customized data capture applications. All data are subjected to data editing. Edits during data collection are referred to as field edits and generally consist of validity and some simple consistency edits. They are also used to detect mistakes made during the interview by the respondent or the Interviewer and to identify missing information during collection in order to reduce the need for follow-up later on. Another purpose of the field edits is to clean up responses. In the MWTS, the current month’s responses are edited against the respondent’s previous month’s responses and/or the previous year’s responses for the current month.. Field edits are used to identify problems with data collection procedures and the design of the questionnaire, as well as the need for more interviewer training.

Follow-up with respondents occurs to validate potential erroneous data following any failed preliminary edit check of the data. Once validated, the collected data is regularly transmitted to the head office in Ottawa.

Secondly, editing known as statistical editing is also done after data collection and this is more empirical in nature. Statistical editing is run prior to imputation in order to identify the data that will be used as a basis to impute non-respondents. Large outliers that could disrupt a monthly trend are excluded from trend calculations by the statistical edits. It should be noted that adjustments are not made at this stage to correct the reported outliers.

The first step in the statistical editing is to identify which responses will be subjected to the statistical edit rules. Reported data for the current reference month will go through various edit checks.

The first set of edit checks is based on the Hidiroglou-Berthelot method whereby a ratio of the respondent’s current month data over historical (i.e. last month, or same month last year) or administrative data is analyzed. When the respondent’s ratio differs significantly from ratios of respondents who are similar in terms of industrial group and/or geography group, the response is deemed an outlier.

The second set of edits consists of an edit known as the share of market edit. With this method, one is able to edit all respondents even those where historical and auxiliary data is unavailable. The method relies on current month data only. Therefore, within a group of respondents that are similar in terms of industrial group and/or geography, if the weighted contribution of a respondent to the group’s total is too large, it will be flagged as an outlier.

For edit checks based on the Hidiroglou-Berthelot method, data that are flagged as an outlier will not be included in the imputation models (those based on ratios). Also, data that are flagged as outliers in the share of market edit will not be included in the imputation models where means and medians are calculated to impute for responses that have no historical responses.

In conjunction with the statistical editing after data collection of reported data, there is also error detection done on the extracted GST data. Modeled data based on the GST are also subject to an extensive series of processing steps which thoroughly verify each record that is the basis for the model as well as the record being modeled. Edits are performed at a more aggregate level (industry by geography level) to detect records which deviate from the expected range, either by exhibiting large month-to-month change, or differing significantly from the remaining units. All data which fail these edits are subject to manual inspection and possible corrective action.

9. Imputation

Imputation in the MWTS is the process used to assign replacement values for missing data. This is done by assigning values when they are missing on the record being edited to ensure that estimates are of high quality and that a plausible, internal consistency is created. Due to concerns of response burden, cost and timeliness, it is generally impossible to do all follow-ups with the respondents in order to resolve missing responses. Since it is desirable to produce a complete and consistent micro data file, imputation is used to handle the remaining missing cases.

In the MWTS, imputation for missing values can be based on either historical or administrative data. The appropriate method is selected according to a strategy that is based on whether historical data is available, administrative data is available and/or which reference month is being processed.

There are three types of historical imputation methods. The first type is a general trend that uses one historical data source (previous month, data from next month or data from same month previous year). The second type is a regression model where data from previous month and same month previous year are used simultaneously. The third type uses the historical data as a direct replacement value for a non-respondent.

Depending upon the particular reference month, there is an order of preference that exists so that a top quality imputation can result. The historical imputation method that was labelled as the third type above is always the last option in the order for each reference month.

The imputation methods using administrative data are automatically selected when historical information is unavailable for a non-respondent. The administrative data source (annual GST sales) is the basis of these methods. The annual GST sales are used for two types of methods. One is a general trend that will be used for simple structure, e.g. enterprises with only one establishment, and a second type is called median-average that is used for units with a more complex structure.

Finally, it should be noted that inventories in the MWTS where sales are derived from monthly GST data are also imputed by the MWTS imputation systems. The imputed values are calculated using the same imputation methods that are in place for missing data from non-respondents.

10. Estimation

Estimation is a process that approximates unknown population parameters using only the part of the population that is included in a sample. Inferences about these unknown parameters are then made, using the sample data and associated survey design.  This stage uses Statistics Canada's Generalized Estimation System (GES.)

For wholesale sales, the population is divided into a survey portion (take-all and take-some strata) and a non-survey portion (take-none stratum). From the sample that is drawn from the survey portion, an estimate for the population is determined through the use of a Horvitz-Thompson estimator where responses for sales are weighted by using the inverses of the inclusion probabilities of the sampled units. Such weights (called sampling weights) can be interpreted as the number of times that each sampled unit should be replicated to represent the entire population. The calculated weighted sales values are summed by domain, to produce the total sales estimates by each industrial group / geographic area combination. A domain is defined as the most recent classification values available from the BR for the unit and the survey reference period. These domains may differ from the original sampling strata because units may have changed size, industrial group or location. Changes in classification are reflected immediately in the estimates and do not accumulate over time. For the non-survey portion, the sales are estimated with statistical models using monthly GST sales.

For wholesale inventories, the sample selected for estimating sales is used to derive an estimate through the use of a Horvitz-Thompson estimator for the survey portion. A sample-based ratio is then used to produce the estimate for the non-survey portion, and the estimate of the total is derived as the sum of the survey and non-survey portion estimates.

For more information on the methodology for modeling sales from administrative data sources (i.e. GST data) which also contributes to the estimates of the survey portion, refer to ‘Monthly Wholesale Trade Survey: Use of Administrative Data’ under ‘Documentation’ of the IMDB.

The measure of precision used for the MWTS to evaluate the quality of a population parameter estimate and to obtain valid inferences is the variance. The variance from the survey portion is derived directly from a stratified simple random sample without replacement.

Sample estimates may differ from the expected value of the estimates. However, since the estimate is based on a probability sample, the variability of the sample estimate with respect to its expected value can be measured. The variance of an estimate is a measure of the precision of the sample estimate and is defined as the average, over all possible samples, of the squared difference of the estimate from its expected value.

11. Revisions and seasonal adjustment

Revisions in the raw data are required to correct known non-sampling errors. These normally include replacing imputed data with reported data, corrections to previously reported data, and estimates for new births that were not known at the time of the original estimates.

Raw data are revised, on a monthly basis, for the month immediately prior to the current reference month being published. That is, when data for December are being published for the first time, there will also be revisions, if necessary, to the raw data for November. In addition, revisions are made once a year, with the initial release of the February data, for all months in the previous year. The purpose is to correct any significant problems that have been found that apply for an extended period. The actual period of revision depends on the nature of the problem identified, but rarely exceeds three years.

Time series contain the elements essential to the description, explanation and forecasting of the behaviour of an economic phenomenon: "They are statistical records of the evolution of economic processes through time.1 "  Economic time series such as the Monthly Wholesale Trade Survey can be broken down into five main components: the trend-cycle, seasonality, the trading-day effect, the Easter holiday effect and the irregular component.

The trend represents the long-term change in the series, whereas the cycle represents a smooth, quasi-periodical movement about the trend, showing a succession of growth and decline phases (e.g., the business cycle). These two components—the trend and the cycle—are estimated together, and the trend-cycle reflects the fundamental evolution of the series. The other components reflect short-term transient movements.

The seasonal component represents sub-annual, monthly or quarterly fluctuations that recur more or less regularly from one year to the next. Seasonal variations are caused by the direct and indirect effects of the climatic seasons and institutional factors (attributable to social conventions or administrative rules; e.g., Christmas).

The trading-day component originates from the fact that the relative importance of the days varies systematically within the week and that the number of each day of the week in a given month varies from year to year. This effect is present when activity varies with the day of the week. For instance, Sunday is typically less active than the other days, and the number of Sundays, Mondays, etc., in a given month changes from year to year.

The Easter holiday effect is the variation due to the shift of part of April’s activity to March when Easter falls in March rather than April.

Lastly, the irregular component includes all other more or less erratic fluctuations not taken into account in the preceding components. It is a residual that includes errors of measurement on the variable itself as well as unusual events (e.g., strikes, drought, floods, major power blackout or other unexpected events causing variations in respondents’ activities).

Thus, the latter four components—seasonal, irregular, trading-day and Easter holiday effect—all conceal the fundamental trend-cycle component of the series. Seasonal adjustment (correction of seasonal variation) consists in removing the seasonal, trading-day and Easter holiday effect components from the series, and it thus helps reveal the trend-cycle. While seasonal adjustment permits a better understanding of the underlying trend-cycle of a series, the seasonally adjusted series still contains an irregular component. Slight month-to-month variations in the seasonally adjusted series may be simple irregular movements. To get a better idea of the underlying trend, users should examine several months of the seasonally adjusted series.

Since April 2008, Monthly Wholesale Trade Survey data are seasonally adjusted using the X-12-ARIMA2 software. The technique that is used essentially consists of first correcting the initial series for all sorts of undesirable effects, such as the trading-day and the Easter holiday effects, by a module called regARIMA. These effects are estimated using regression models with ARIMA errors (auto-regressive integrated moving average models). The series can also be extrapolated for at least one year by using the model. Subsequently, the raw series—pre-adjusted and extrapolated if applicable— is seasonally adjusted by the X-11 method.

The X-11 method is used for analysing monthly and quarterly series. It is based on an iterative principle applied in estimating the different components, with estimation being done at each stage using adequate moving averages3. The moving averages used to estimate the main components—the trend and seasonality—are primarily smoothing tools designed to eliminate an undesirable component from the series. Since moving averages react poorly to the presence of atypical values, the X-11 method includes a tool for detecting and correcting atypical points. This tool is used to clean up the series during the seasonal adjustment. Outlying data points can also be detected and corrected in advance, within the regARIMA module.

Lastly, the annual totals of the seasonally adjusted series are forced to the annual totals of the original series. Unfortunately, seasonal adjustment removes the sub-annual additivity of a system of series; small discrepancies can be observed between the sum of seasonally adjusted series and the direct seasonal adjustment of their total. To insure or restore additivity in a system of series, a reconciliation process is applied or indirect seasonal adjustment is used, i.e. the seasonal adjustment of a total is derived by the summation of the individually seasonally adjusted series.

12. Data Quality Evaluation

The methodology of this survey has been designed to control errors and to reduce their potential effects on estimates. However, the survey results remain subject to errors, of which sampling error is only one component of the total survey error.

Sampling error results when observations are made only on a sample and not on the entire population. All other errors arising from the various phases of a survey are referred to as non-sampling errors. For example, these types of errors can occur when a respondent provides incorrect information or does not answer certain questions; when a unit in the target population is omitted or covered more than once; when GST data for records being modeled for a particular month are not representative of the actual record for various reasons; when a unit that is out of scope for the survey is included by mistake or when errors occur in data processing, such as coding or capture errors.

Prior to publication, combined survey results are analyzed for comparability; in general, this includes a detailed review of individual responses (especially for large businesses), general economic conditions and historical trends.

A common measure of data quality for surveys is the coefficient of variation (CV). The coefficient of variation, defined as the standard error divided by the sample estimate, is a measure of precision in relative terms. Since the coefficient of variation is calculated from responses of individual units, it also measures some non-sampling errors.

The formula used to calculate coefficients of variation (CV) as percentages is:

CV(X) = (S(X) / X) x 100%

where X denotes the estimate and S(X) denotes the standard error of X.

Confidence intervals can be constructed around the estimates using the estimate and the CV. Thus, for our sample, it is possible to state with a given level of confidence that the expected value will fall within the confidence interval constructed around the estimate. For example, if an estimate of $12,000,000 has a CV of 2%, the standard error will be $240,000 (the estimate multiplied by the CV). It can be stated with 68% confidence that the expected values will fall within the interval whose length equals the standard deviation about the estimate, i.e. between $11,760,000 and $12,240,000. Alternatively, it can be stated with 95% confidence that the expected value will fall within the interval whose length equals two standard deviations about the estimate, i.e. between $11,520,000 and $12,480,000.

Finally, due to the small contribution of the non-survey portion to the total estimates, bias in the non-survey portion has a negligible impact on the CVs. Therefore, the CV from the survey portion is used for the total estimate that is the summation of estimates from the surveyed and non-surveyed portions.

13. Disclosure Control

Statistics Canada is prohibited by law from releasing any data which would divulge information obtained under the Statistics Act that relates to any identifiable person, business or organization without the prior knowledge or the consent in writing of that person, business or organization. Various confidentially rules are applied to all data that are released or published to prevent the publication or disclosure of any information deemed confidential. If necessary, data are suppressed to prevent direct or residual disclosure or identifiable data.

Confidentiality analysis includes the detection of possible “direct disclosure”, which occurs when the value in a tabulation cell is composed of a few respondents or when the cell is dominated by a few companies.

Notes

  1. A Note on the Seasonal adjustment of Economic Time Series», Canadian Statistical Review, August 1974.

  2. For more information, see X-12-ARIMA Reference Manual Version 0.3 (2007), U.S. Census Bureau.

  3. Ladiray, D. and Quenneville, B. (2001). Seasonal Adjustment with the X-11 Method. New York: Springer-Verlag, Lecture Notes in Statistics no. 158.